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Chisholm C, Di H, Cameron K, Podolyan A, Shen J, Zhang L, Sirisena K, Godsoe W. Contrasting response of comammox Nitrospira, ammonia oxidising bacteria, and archaea to soil pH and nitrogen inputs. Sci Total Environ 2024; 924:171627. [PMID: 38471592 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of soil pH change, and nitrogen amendment on ammonia oxidiser abundance and comammox Nitrospira community composition. The experimental design used soil mesocosms placed in a temperature-controlled incubator for 90 days. A Templeton silt loam was used as its physiochemical properties are typical of the region's dairy farms. The results showed that comammox Nitrospira clade B preferred the natural (pH 6.1-6.2) soil pH with no applied nitrogen. Furthermore, synthetic urine (N700) decreased the abundance of comammox Nitrospira clade B. This may have been because the large amounts of available ammonia in the N700 treatments inhibited the growth of comammox Nitrospira. These results suggest that while comammox Nitrospira clade B are present in New Zealand dairy farm soils, but their role in nitrification in the very high nitrogen environment under a urine patch in grazed pastures may be limited. Further research is needed to confirm this. In contrast to comammox, the AOB community (dominated by Nitrosospira) responded positively to the application of synthetic urine. The response was greatest in the high pH soil (7.1), followed by the natural and then the low pH (4.9) soils. This may be due to the difference in ammonia availability. At high pH, the ammonia/ammonium equilibrium favours ammonia production. Calculated ammonia availability in the N700 treatments accurately predicted the AOB amoA gene abundance. Interestingly, the AOA community abundance (which was predominantly made up of Thaumarchaeota group I.1b clade E) seemed to prefer the natural and high pH soils over the low pH. This may be due to the specific lineage of AOA present. AOA did not respond to the application of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chisholm
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - H Di
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - K Cameron
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - A Podolyan
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Shen
- Fujian Normal University, China
| | - L Zhang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - K Sirisena
- Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - W Godsoe
- Department of Pest Management and Conservation, Lincoln University, New Zealand
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Mak D, Chisholm C, Davies AM, Botchu R, James SL. Psoas muscle atrophy following unilateral hip arthroplasty. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:1539-1545. [PMID: 32361852 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have demonstrated the presence of muscle atrophy around the hip in patients with hip osteoarthritis. Few studies have examined the psoas muscle or assessed it at a paraspinal level in patients post-total hip arthroplasty. The aim of this study was to determine if there is significant psoas muscle atrophy as indicated by muscle cross-sectional area and high degree of fat infiltration post-unilateral hip arthroplasty. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 341 patients with unilateral hip implant and subsequent lumbar spine MRI over a 8-year period was performed. Fat infiltration and cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle at L3/4 level were measured by two musculoskeletal fellows (1 year experience in musculoskeletal radiology), and comparison made between the implant and non-operative sides was made. Fat infiltration was measured using the modified Goutallier grading. The degree of hip osteoarthritis in the non-operative side was measured using the Kellgren-Lawrence grading. The data was analysed using paired t test, ANOVA, unpaired t test, Pearson correlation and Jonckheere-Terpstra test. RESULTS The cross-sectional area of the psoas muscle on the implant side was significantly less than the non-operative side. There was significance between the cross-sectional area difference and the fat grade of the implant side. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate psoas atrophy on the implant side compared to the non-operative side in post-unilateral implant patients. Post-operative hip implant rehabilitation may benefit from more focused psoas strengthening exercises to improve functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mak
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Guy's & St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Chisholm
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - A M Davies
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK.
| | - S L James
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol Road South, Northfield, Birmingham, UK
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Jarinova O, Daoud H, Ghani M, Potter R, Ordorica S, Haslett V, Santos N, Derksen H, Lahey D, McGill M, Trudel V, Antoniuk B, Vasli N, Chisholm C, Mettler G, Sinclair-Bourque L, McGowan-Jordan J, Smith A, Roberts R. NEXT GENERATION SEQUENCING FOR INHERITED CARDIOMYOPATHIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICES. Can J Cardiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2017.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Vassilopoulos A, Chisholm C, Lahusen T, Zheng H, Deng CX. A critical role of CD29 and CD49f in mediating metastasis for cancer-initiating cells isolated from a Brca1-associated mouse model of breast cancer. Oncogene 2013; 33:5477-82. [PMID: 24317509 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a lethal problem that claims the lives of over 90% of cancer patients. In this study, we have investigated metastatic potential of cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from mammary tumors of a Brca1-mutant mouse model. Our data indicated that CSCs, which are enriched in CD24(+)CD29(+)/CD49f(+) cell population, displayed much higher migration ability than CD24(-)CD29(-)/CD49f(-) cells in tissue culture and enhanced metastatic potential in allograft-nude mice. CD24(+)CD29(+) cells maintained the ability to differentiate and reconstitute heterogeneity in the metastatic tumors whereas CD24(-)CD29(-) cells could not. Corresponding to their enhanced metastatic ability, CD24(+)CD29(+) cells exhibited features of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Finally, using short hairpin RNA to knock down CD29 and/or CD49f in metastatic cancer cells, we demonstrated that while acute knockdown of CD29 or CD49f alone slightly decreased cell migration ability, knockdown of both genes generated a profound effect to block their migration, revealing an overlapping, yet critical function of both genes in the migration of CSCs. Our findings indicate that in addition to serving as markers of CSCs, CD29 and CD49f may also serve as potential therapeutic targets for cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vassilopoulos
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - C Chisholm
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - T Lahusen
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - H Zheng
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | - C-X Deng
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
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Mole C, Smith M, Kountouriotis G, Chisholm C, Bhakta B, Wilkie R. Visual field defects, eye-movements and driving. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.9.486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Yau CS, Trumbly AR, Ruud CO, Speight VO, Chisholm C, Song J. Lymphocyte infiltration (LI) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) classification of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) correlation with medical survival. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Anecdotal beliefs that exercise is an effective treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea have prevailed for many years although evidence is contradictory. Previous studies have also contained a number of methodological inadequacies. A questionnaire that assessed menstrual pain and levels of exercise was administered to 654 university students. Attempts were made to blind the purpose of the study. A response rate of 91.3% (597/654) was obtained. Analyses showed no association between participation in exercise and primary dysmenorrhoea. Prospective studies would be useful in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Blakey
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
Gene therapy for cancer is a rapidly evolving field with head and neck squamous cell cancer being one of the more frequently targeted cancer types. The number of clinical trials in the UK is growing and there is already a commercially available agent in China. Various gene therapy strategies along with delivery mechanisms for targeting head and neck cancer are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Chisholm
- Molecular Oncology, Cancer Research UK, Barts and The London NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Chisholm C, Weaver C, Rodgers K, Whenmouth L, Giles B, Brisendine E. 207. Ann Emerg Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.07.663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Chisholm C. EMRA's Policy on Unsupervised Resident Moonlighting: A Time to Refocus, Indeed. Acad Emerg Med 2002. [DOI: 10.1197/aemj.9.5.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Abstract
Somatostatin-14 (S-14) and somatostatin-28 (S-28) bind to five distinct membrane receptors (SSTRs), but S-28 has higher affinity for SSTR-5. Whether S-28 acting through SSTR-5 regulates inhibition of peptide YY (PYY) secretion was tested in fetal rat intestinal cell cultures. S-28 and S-14 caused dose-dependent inhibition of PYY secretion stimulated by gastrin-releasing peptide, but S-28 was more potent than S-14 (EC(50) 0.04 vs. 13.2 nM). PYY was inhibited by two analogs with affinity for SSTR-5, BIM-23268 and BIM-23052, more potently than S-14 and as effectively as S-28. The SSTR-5 analog L-362855 suppressed PYY equivalent only to S-14, but the structurally related peptide L-372588 (Phe to Tyr at position 2) was equipotent to S-28, whereas L-372587 (Phe to Tyr at position 7) caused no inhibition. An SSTR-2 analog decreased PYY secretion similar to S-14, and an SSTR-3 analog was ineffective. PYY secretion stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and by forskolin was also more potently suppressed by S-28 and the octapeptide SSTR-5 analogs. The results indicate that S-28 mediates inhibition of gastrin-releasing peptide-stimulated PYY secretion through activation of SSTR-5 and includes suppression of cAMP- and protein kinase C-dependent pathways. Substitution of a single hydroxyl group confers differences in SSTR-5 agonist properties, suggesting region specificity for the intrinsic activity of this receptor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chisholm
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
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Howell J, Chisholm C, Clark A, Spillane L. Emergency medicine resident documentation: results of the 1999 american board of emergency medicine in-training examination survey. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7:1135-8. [PMID: 11015245 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb01263.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess how emergency medicine (EM) residents perform medical record documentation, and how well they comply with Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) Medicare charting guidelines. In addition, the study investigated their abilities and confidence with billing and coding of patient care visits and procedures performed in the emergency department (ED). Finally, the study assessed their exposure to both online faculty instruction and formal didactic experience with this component of their curriculum. METHODS A survey was conducted consisting of closed-ended questions investigating medical record documentation in the ED. The survey was distributed to all EM residents, EM-internal medicine, and EM-pediatrics residents taking the 1999 American Board of Emergency Medicine (ABEM) In-Training examination. Five EM residents and the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine (SAEM) board of directors prevalidated the survey. Summary statistics were calculated and resident levels were compared for each question using either chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Alpha was 0.05 for all comparisons. RESULTS Completed surveys were returned from 88.5% of the respondents. A small minority of the residents code their own charts (6%). Patient encounters are most frequently documented on free-form handwritten charts (38%), and a total of 76% of the respondents reported using handwritten forms as a portion of the patient's final chart. Twenty-nine percent reported delays of more than 30 minutes to access medical record information for a patient evaluated in their ED within the previous 72 hours. Twenty-five percent "never" record their supervising faculty's involvement in patient care, and another 25% record that information "1-25%" of the time. Seventy-nine percent are "never" or "rarely" requested by their faculty to clarify or add to medical records for billing purposes. Only 4% of the EM residents were "extremely confident" in their ability to perform billing and coding, and more than 80% reported not knowing the physician charges for services or procedures performed in the ED. CONCLUSIONS The handwritten chart is the most widely used method of patient care documentation, either entirely or as a component of a templated chart. Most EM residents do not document their faculty's participation in the care of patients. This could lead to overestimation of faculty noncompliance with HCFA billing guidelines. Emergency medicine residents are not confident in their knowledge of medical record documentation and coding procedures, nor of charges for services rendered in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Howell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Chisholm C, Baumann B. SAEM position statement on the qualifications for unsupervised emergency department care. SAEM Board of Directors. Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. Acad Emerg Med 2000; 7:929. [PMID: 10958137 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Chisholm
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Clarian-Methodist Hospital, Department of Emergency Medicine, Indianapolis 46206, USA.
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Keim SM, Rein JA, Chisholm C, Dyne PL, Hendey GW, Jouriles NJ, King RW, Schrading W, Salomone J, Swart G, Wightman JM. A standardized letter of recommendation for residency application. Acad Emerg Med 1999; 6:1141-6. [PMID: 10569387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1999.tb00117.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Emergency medicine (EM) program directors have expressed a desire for more evaluative data to be included in application materials. This is consistent with frustrations expressed by program directors of multiple specialties, but mostly by those in specialties with more competitive matches. Some of the concerns about traditional narrative letters of recommendation included lack of uniform information, lack of relative value given for interval grading, and a perception of ambiguity with regard to terminology. The Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors established a task force in 1995 that created a standardized letter of recommendation form. This form, to be completed by EM faculty, requests that objective, comparative, and narrative information be reported regarding the residency applicant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Keim
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson 85724, USA.
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Abstract
Intraduodenal fat inhibits gastric acid secretion via the release of one or more hormonal enterogastrones thought to arise from ileocolonic mucosa. This study determined whether glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-(7-36) amide and peptide YY (PYY), colocalized in L cells found in the ileum, mediate intraduodenal fat-induced inhibition of stimulated gastric acid, and evaluated the influence of cholecystokinin-A (CCK-A) receptor activation. Gastric acid secretion in response to duodenal perfusions of 8% peptone was measured in conscious dogs with gastric and duodenal cannulas. Intraduodenal administration of a 10% fat emulsion suppressed gastric acid secretion by 72 +/- 4% (P < 0.001) and increased plasma levels of GLP-1 and PYY by 44 +/- 5 and 46 +/- 4 fmol/ml, respectively (both P < 0.01). Pretreatment with the CCK-A receptor antagonist MK-329 completely reversed the inhibition of gastric acid by fat, suppressed rises of plasma GLP-1 (maximum change, 23 +/- 4 fmol/ml), and reduced plasma PYY responses to baseline. Intravenous infusions of 50 pmol/kg x h GLP-1 or PYY, which reproduced plasma elevations after intraduodenal fat, inhibited gastric acid secretion by 66 +/- 5% and 51 +/- 6%, respectively (both P < 0.01); coinfusions of GLP-1 and PYY abolished gastric acid secretion (P < 0.001) without influencing plasma gastrin or somatostatin. Pretreatment with 1500 pmol/kg x h of the GLP-1 antagonist exendin-(9-39) amide did not alter the magnitude of inhibition of gastric acid caused by exogenous GLP-1. These results indicate that GLP-1 and PYY released by intraduodenal fat, in part through CCK-dependent pathways, are major enterogastrones in dogs. This inhibitory action occurs independent of circulating concentrations of somatostatin and gastrin and appears to involve a GLP-1 receptor distinct from that mediating incretin effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Fung
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Swor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan 48072
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Chisholm C. Living on a Pension To-day. West J Med 1956. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.2.4987.304-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chisholm C, Murrell CM, Clow AES, Hunter AM, Martindale L, Walker JH, Ramsay ML. MEDICAL WOMEN AND THE POST OFFICE. West J Med 1929. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3567.929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Chisholm C, Murrell CM, Clow AES, Hunter A, Walker JH, Berry FMD. MEDICAL CO-EDUCATION. West J Med 1928. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.3518.999-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chisholm C. Partial Fracture of Radius and Ulna in a Breast-fed Infant, aged 6 weeks. Proc R Soc Med 1920; 13:161. [PMID: 19981359 PMCID: PMC2152573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Chisholm C. Case of Double Sprengel's Shoulder Deformity. Proc R Soc Med 1920; 13:161. [PMID: 19981360 PMCID: PMC2152600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Chisholm C. Case of Fragilitas Ossium with Typical Blue Sclerotics in a Girl aged 8 years, with Traces of Seven Fractures, one in the Right Arm, the others in the Legs. Proc R Soc Med 1920; 13:161. [PMID: 19981358 PMCID: PMC2152560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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Chisholm C. Report of the Board of Health at New York, on the Yellow Fever at Perth-Amboy. Edinb Med Surg J 1812; 8:165-173. [PMID: 30329473 PMCID: PMC5744492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Chisholm C. An Essay Towards an Inquiry How Far the Effluvia from Dead Animal Bodies, Passing through the Natural Process of Putrefaction, Are Efficient in the Production of Malignant Pestilential Fevers, &c. Edinb Med Surg J 1810; 6:389-420. [PMID: 30329620 PMCID: PMC5747878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Chisholm C. On Lues Bovina Intertropica. Edinb Med Surg J 1810; 6:32-50. [PMID: 30329644 PMCID: PMC5747915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chisholm C. On the Poison of Fish. Edinb Med Surg J 1808; 4:393-422. [PMID: 30331311 PMCID: PMC5816440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Chisholm C. Case of Cæsarian Operation. Edinb Med Surg J 1808; 4:178-179. [PMID: 30331288 PMCID: PMC5816406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chisholm C. Cases of Yaws and Leprosy Treated with Nitrous Acid and Oxygenated Muriate of Potash. Ann Med (Edinb) 1800; 5:395-401. [PMID: 30299794 PMCID: PMC5111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Chisholm
- inspector-general of the ordnance medical department in the West Indies
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