1
|
Luo L, Xue P, Chen X, Gan P, Li X, Yu K, Zhang Y. Possible toxification mechanisms of acute and chronic pentachlorophenol to Montipora digitata: Limitation of energy supply and immunotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175069. [PMID: 39079632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is widely found in coastal environments and has various adverse effects, and its potential impact on coral reef ecosystems concerning. The scleractinian coral Montipora digitata was used for PCP stress experiments in this study. Phenotypes, physiological indicators, microbial diversity analysis and RNA sequencing were used to investigate the mechanisms underlying the responses of corals to acute and chronic PCP exposure. After 96 h of acute exposure, coral bleaching occurred at 1000 μg/LPCP and there was a significant decrease in Symbiodiniaceae density, Fv/Fm, and chlorophyll a content. Exposure to different concentrations of PCP significantly increased the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), leading to oxidative stress in corals. Chronic PCP exposure resulted in bleaching at 60 days, with the Fv/Fm significantly reduced to 0.461. Microbial diversity analysis revealed an increase in the abundance of potential pathogens, such as Vibrio, during acute PCP exposure and the emergence of the degrading bacterium Delftia during chronic PCP exposure. Transcriptional analysis showed that PCP exposure caused abnormal carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in zooxanthella, which affected energy supply, induced immune responses, and disrupted symbiotic relationships. Corals respond to injury by boosting the expression of genes associated with signal transduction and immune response. Additionally, the expression of genes associated with environmental adaptation increased with chronic PCP exposure, which is consistent with the results of the microbial diversity analysis. These results indicate that PCP exposure might affect the balance of coral- zooxanthellae symbiosis in the stony coral M. digitata, impairing coral health and leading to bleaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Luo
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pengfei Xue
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Pin Gan
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kefu Yu
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Guangxi Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Coral Reef Research Center of China, School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Williams A. Multiomics data integration, limitations, and prospects to reveal the metabolic activity of the coral holobiont. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae058. [PMID: 38653719 PMCID: PMC11067971 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their radiation in the Middle Triassic period ∼240 million years ago, stony corals have survived past climate fluctuations and five mass extinctions. Their long-term survival underscores the inherent resilience of corals, particularly when considering the nutrient-poor marine environments in which they have thrived. However, coral bleaching has emerged as a global threat to coral survival, requiring rapid advancements in coral research to understand holobiont stress responses and allow for interventions before extensive bleaching occurs. This review encompasses the potential, as well as the limits, of multiomics data applications when applied to the coral holobiont. Synopses for how different omics tools have been applied to date and their current restrictions are discussed, in addition to ways these restrictions may be overcome, such as recruiting new technology to studies, utilizing novel bioinformatics approaches, and generally integrating omics data. Lastly, this review presents considerations for the design of holobiont multiomics studies to support lab-to-field advancements of coral stress marker monitoring systems. Although much of the bleaching mechanism has eluded investigation to date, multiomic studies have already produced key findings regarding the holobiont's stress response, and have the potential to advance the field further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Williams
- Microbial Biology Graduate Program, Rutgers University, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, 76 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ishibashi H, Nishimura S, Tanaka K, Haruta S, Takayama K, Yamashiro H, Takeuchi I. Transcriptome analysis reveals limited toxic effects of the UV-filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) on the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116260. [PMID: 38522341 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the toxic and transcriptomic effects of the ultraviolet filter benzophenone-3 (BP-3) on Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates while using acetone as a solvent. Seven-day exposure to 50 and 500 μg/L, which is higher than most BP-3 records from coastal waters, did not affect coral colour or dinoflagellate photosynthesis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between seawater and solvent controls were <20 in both corals and dinoflagellates. Eleven coral DEGs were detected after treatment with 50 μg/L BP-3. Fourteen coral DEGs, including several fluorescent protein genes, were detected after treatment with 500 μg/L BP-3. In contrast, no dinoflagellate DEGs were detected in the BP-3 treatment group. These results suggest that the effects of 50-500 μg/L BP-3 on adult A. tenuis and its dinoflagellates are limited. Our experimental methods with lower acetone toxicity provide a basis for establishing standard ecotoxicity tests for corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Saori Nishimura
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kokoro Tanaka
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Haruta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kotaro Takayama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamashiro
- Sesoko Station, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 3422 Sesoko, Motobu, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan; Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li Q, Fu D, Zhou Y, Li Y, Chen L, Wang Z, Wan Y, Huang Z, Zhao H. Individual and combined effects of herbicide prometryn and nitrate enrichment at environmentally relevant concentrations on photosynthesis, oxidative stress, and endosymbiont community diversity of coral Acropora hyacinthus. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 339:139729. [PMID: 37543226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen pollution and pesticides such as photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor herbicides have several detrimental impacts on coral reefs, including breakdown of the symbiosis between host corals and photosynthetic symbionts. Although nitrogen and PSII herbicide pollution separately cause coral bleaching, the combined effects of these stressors at environmentally relevant concentrations on corals have not been assessed. Here, we report the combined effects of nitrate enrichment and PSII herbicide (prometryn) exposure on photosynthesis, oxidative status and endosymbiont community diversity of the reef-building coral Acropora hyacinthus. Coral fragments were exposed in a mesocosm system to nitrate enrichment (9 μmol/L) and two prometryn concentrations (1 and 5 μg/L). The results showed that sustained prometryn exposure in combination with nitrate enrichment stress had significant detrimental impacts on photosynthetic apparatus [the maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv/Fm), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and oxidative status in the short term. Nevertheless, the adaptive mechanism of corals allowed the normal physiological state to be recovered following 1 μg/L prometryn and 9 μmol/L nitrate enrichment individual exposure. Moreover, exposure for 9 days was insufficient to trigger a shift in Symbiodiniaceae community. Most importantly, the negative impact of exposure to the combined environmental concentrations of 1 μg/L prometryn and 9 μmol/L nitrate enrichment was found to be significantly greater on the Fv/Fm, quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation [Y(NO)], NPQ, and oxidative status of corals compared to the impact of individual stressors. Our results show that interactions between prometryn stress and nitrate enrichment have a synergistic impact on the photosynthetic and oxidative stress responses of corals. This study provides valuable insights into combined effects of nitrate enrichment and PSII herbicides pollution for coral's physiology. Environmental concentrations of PSII herbicides may be more harmful to photosystems and antioxidant systems of corals under nitrate enrichment stress. Thus, future research and management of seawater quality stressors should consider combined impacts on corals rather than just the impacts of individual stressors alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Dinghui Fu
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Yanyu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yuanchao Li
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, 571126, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Zhaofan Wang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China
| | - Yinglang Wan
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Zanhui Huang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou, 571127, China.
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province & Center for Eco-Environment Restoration of Hainan Province, College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ishibashi H, Minamide S, Takeuchi I. Expression analyses of stress-responsive genes in the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates after exposure to the herbicide Diuron. MARINE LIFE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:289-299. [PMID: 37637253 PMCID: PMC10449730 DOI: 10.1007/s42995-023-00183-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Diuron is one of the most frequently applied herbicides in sugarcane farming in southern Japan, and Australia. In addition, it is used as a booster substance in copper-based antifouling paints. Due to these various uses, Diuron is released into the marine environment; however, little information is available on gene expression in corals and their symbiotic algae exposed to Diuron. We investigated the effects of Diuron on stress-responsive gene expression in the hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis and its symbiotic dinoflagellates. After seven days of exposure to 1 µg/L and 10 µg/L Diuron, no significant changes in the body colour of corals were observed. However, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that the expression levels of stress-responsive genes, such as heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), HSP70, and calreticulin (CALR), were significantly downregulated in corals exposed to 10 µg/L of Diuron for seven days. Moreover, aquaglyceroporin was significantly downregulated in corals exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of 1 µg/L Diuron. In contrast, no such effects were observed on the expression levels of other stress-responsive genes, such as oxidative stress-responsive proteins, methionine adenosyltransferase, and green/red fluorescent proteins. Diuron exposure had no significant effect on the expression levels of HSP90, HSP70, or HSP40 in the symbiotic dinoflagellates. These results suggest that stress-responsive genes, such as HSPs, respond differently to Diuron in corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellates and that A. tenuis HSPs and CALRs may be useful molecular biomarkers for predicting stress responses induced by the herbicide Diuron. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42995-023-00183-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishibashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Seigo Minamide
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Center of Advanced Technology for the Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou L, Wu T, Yu C, Liu S, Pan C. Ionic Liquid-Dispersive Micro-Extraction and Detection by High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Antifouling Biocides in Water. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031263. [PMID: 36770930 PMCID: PMC9920688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple analytical method was developed and evaluated for the determination of two antifouling biocides using an ionic liquid-dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (IL-DLLME) and a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis. Irgarol 1051 and Sea-Nine 211 were extracted from deionized water, lake water, and seawater using IL 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([HMIm][PF6]) and ethyl acetate as the extraction solvent and the dispersion solvent. Several factors were considered, including the type and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, IL amount, sample pH, salt effect, and cooling temperature. The developed method resulted in a recovery range of 78.7-90.3%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD, n = 3) less than 7.5%. The analytes were enriched greater than 40-fold, and the limits of detection (LOD) for two antifouling biocides were 0.01-0.1 μg L-1. The method was effectively applied for the analysis of real samples of freshwater as well as samples of seawater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
| | - Tong Wu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chuanshan Yu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shaowen Liu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Canping Pan
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62731978; Fax: +86-10-62733620
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou Z, Ni X, Wu Z, Tang J. Physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the threat of herbicides glufosinate and glyphosate to the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 229:113074. [PMID: 34915224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid metabolism-related herbicides glufosinate and glyphosate are used worldwide and have flowed into the oceans, threatening the marine organisms. In the present study, physiological activities and transcriptomic profiles of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis and symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae were determined during a 48 h-exposure to the two herbicides with the final concentration of 10 μmol L-1. Coral samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h after exposure to determine symbiont density, chlorophyll content, as well as activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), nitric oxide synthetase (NOS) and phenoloxidase (PO), and the caspase-3 levels, and the samples collected at 24 h were employed in the transcriptomic analysis. Specifically, the symbiont densities did not change significantly in response to the two herbicides, while the chlorophyll content increased significantly at 24 h post glufosinate exposure. SOD and CAT activities in the coral host increased significantly at 12 h after glufosinate and glyphosate exposure, while the activity of NOS in symbionts decreased significantly at 48 h after glufosinate exposure. Caspase-3 levels in the coral host declined significantly at 24 h after exposure to the two herbicides. In the transcriptomic analysis, glufosinate triggered the expression of genes related to the response to stimuli and immunoregulation in the coral host, and suppressed the expression of genes related to coral nitrogen-related metabolism, symbiont cell cycle, and response to nutrient levels. Furthermore, glyphosate activated the expression of genes involved in coral calcification and symbiont nutrient export and suppressed the expression of genes involved in coral meiosis and symbiont cell communication. These results suggest that although the coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbiosis is not disrupted, short-term glufosinate and glyphosate exposures alter several essential physiological processes including metabolism, calcification, and meiosis in the coral host, as well as the cell cycle and nutrient export in the symbiont. SUMMARY: Glufosinate and glyphosate herbicide exposures can disturb several essential physiological processes, including metabolism, calcification, and meiosis in the coral host as well as the cell cycle and nutrient export in the symbiont, threating the survival of scleractinian corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Xingzhen Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhongjie Wu
- Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Jia Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| |
Collapse
|