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Lin Q, Zheng N, An Q, Xiu Z, Li X, Zhu H, Chen C, Li Y, Wang S. Phthalate monoesters accumulation in residential indoor dust and influence factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174900. [PMID: 39047842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate monoesters (mPAEs) possess biological activity that matches or even exceeds that of their parent compounds, phthalate esters (PAEs), negatively impacting humans. Indoor dust is the main carrier of indoor pollutants. In this study, indoor dust samples were collected from 46 households in Changchun City, Jilin Province, in May 2019, and particulate and flocculent fibrous dust was used as the research target to analyze the concentration and compositional characteristics of mPAEs, primary metabolites of five significant PAEs. The influence of factors such as architectural features and living habits in residential areas on exposure to mPAEs was explored. Ten suspected enzyme genes along with two metabolic pathways with the ability to degrade PAEs were screened using PICRUSt2. The results showed that the total concentrations of the five mPAEs in the indoor dust samples were particulate dust (11.49-78.69 μg/g) and flocculent fibrous dust (21.61-72.63 μg/g), respectively. The molar concentration ratio (RC) of mPAEs to corresponding PAEs significantly differed among chemicals, with MMP/DMP and MEP/DEP sporting the highest RC values. Different bacterial types have shown distinct influences against mPAEs and PAEs. Enzyme function and metabolic pathway abundance had a significant effect on the concentration of some mPAEs, mPAEs are most likely derived from microbial degradation of PAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyan Lin
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Na Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Qirui An
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhifei Xiu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huicheng Zhu
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Changcheng Chen
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yunyang Li
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Udomkun P, Boonupara T, Sumitsawan S, Khan E, Pongpichan S, Kajitvichyanukul P. Airborne Pesticides-Deep Diving into Sampling and Analysis. TOXICS 2023; 11:883. [PMID: 37999535 PMCID: PMC10674914 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
The escalating utilization of pesticides has led to pronounced environmental contamination, posing a significant threat to agroecosystems. The extensive and persistent global application of these chemicals has been linked to a spectrum of acute and chronic human health concerns. This review paper focuses on the concentrations of airborne pesticides in both indoor and outdoor environments. The collection of diverse pesticide compounds from the atmosphere is examined, with a particular emphasis on active and passive air sampling techniques. Furthermore, a critical evaluation is conducted on the methodologies employed for the extraction and subsequent quantification of airborne pesticides. This analysis takes into consideration the complexities involved in ensuring accurate measurements, highlighting the advancements and limitations of current practices. By synthesizing these aspects, this review aims to foster a more comprehensive and informed comprehension of the intricate dynamics related to the presence and measurement of airborne pesticides. This, in turn, is poised to significantly contribute to the refinement of environmental monitoring strategies and the augmentation of precise risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patchimaporn Udomkun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Thirasant Boonupara
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Sulak Sumitsawan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
| | - Eakalak Khan
- Civil and Environmental Engineering and Construction Department, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4015, USA;
| | - Siwatt Pongpichan
- NIDA Center for Research and Development of Disaster Prevention and Management, Graduate School of Social Development and Management Strategy, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Bangkok 10240, Thailand
| | - Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.U.); (T.B.); or (S.S.)
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Zhu L, Hajeb P, Fauser P, Vorkamp K. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor dust: A review of temporal and spatial trends, and human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162374. [PMID: 36828075 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Several chemicals with widespread consumer uses have been identified as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), with a potential risk to humans. The occurrence in indoor dust and resulting human exposure have been reviewed for six groups of known and suspected EDCs, including phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers, flame retardants, bisphenols, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), biocides and personal care product additives (PCPs). Some banned or restricted EDCs, such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), bisphenol A (BPA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are still widely detected in indoor dust in most countries, even as the predominating compounds of their group, but generally with decreasing trends. Meanwhile, alternatives that are also potential EDCs, such as bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol F (BPF), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), and PFAS precursors, such as fluorotelomer alcohols, have been detected in indoor dust with increasing frequencies and concentrations. Associations between some known and suspected EDCs, such as phthalate and non-phthalate plasticizers, FRs and BPs, in indoor dust and paired human samples indicate indoor dust as an important human exposure pathway. Although the estimated daily intake (EDI) of most of the investigated compounds was mostly below reference values, the co-exposure to a multitude of known or suspected EDCs requires a better understanding of mixture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyan Zhu
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark.
| | - Parvaneh Hajeb
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Patrik Fauser
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Katrin Vorkamp
- Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Roskilde, Denmark
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Cui D, Cox J, Mejias E, Ng B, Gardinali P, Bagner DM, Quinete N. Evaluating non-targeted analysis methods for chemical characterization of organic contaminants in different matrices to estimate children's exposure. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00547-9. [PMID: 37120701 PMCID: PMC10148696 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are vulnerable to environmental exposure of contaminants due to their small size, lack of judgement skills, as well as their proximity to dust, soil, and other environmental sources. A better understanding about the types of contaminants that children are exposed to or how their bodies retain or process these compounds is needed. OBJECTIVE In this study, we have implemented and optimized a methodology based on non-targeted analysis (NTA) to characterize chemicals in dust, soil, urine, and in the diet (food and drinking water) of infant populations. METHODS To evaluate potential toxicological concerns associated with chemical exposure, families with children between 6 months and 6 years of age from underrepresented groups were recruited in the greater Miami area. Samples of soil, indoor dust, food, water, and urine were provided by the caregivers, prepared by different techniques (involving online SPE, ASE, USE, QuEChERs), and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data post-processing was performed using the small molecule structure identification software, Compound Discoverer (CD) 3.3, and identified features were plotted using Kendrick mass defect plot and Van Krevelen diagrams to show unique patterns in different samples and regions of anthropogenic compound classifications. RESULTS The performance of the NTA workflow was evaluated using quality control standards in terms of accuracy, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity, with an average of 98.2%, 20.3%, 98.4% and 71.1%, respectively. Sample preparation was successfully optimized for soil, dust, water, food, and urine. A total of 30, 78, 103, 20 and 265 annotated features were frequently identified (detection frequency >80%) in the food, dust, soil, water, and urine samples, respectively. Common features detected in each matrix were prioritized and classified, providing insight on children's exposure to organic contaminants of concern and their potential toxicities. IMPACT STATEMENT Current methods to assess the ingestion of chemicals by children have limitations and are generally restricted by specific classes of targeted organic contaminants of interest. This study offers an innovative approach using non-targeted analysis for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants that children are exposed to through dust, soil, and diet (drinking water and food).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Cui
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Cox
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily Mejias
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian Ng
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel M Bagner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
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Petromelidou S, Margaritis D, Nannou C, Keramydas C, Lambropoulou DA. HRMS screening of organophosphate flame retardants and poly-/perfluorinated substances in dust from cars and trucks: Occurrence and human exposure implications. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 848:157696. [PMID: 35908702 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Time spent within vehicles' cabin has been largely increased during the last years. As a result, the assessment of indoor dust quality is meaningful since dust can be a source of numerous emerging contaminants associated with adverse effects in human health. To this end, fourteen cars and ten trucks from the city of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece were selected to assess the quality of vehicles' microenvironments. An HRMS-based strategy was deployed for the target and non-target analysis of the collected samples. The target approach aimed at the accurate mass screening of nine organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and nine per-/polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS), revealing mean concentrations for the OPFRs varied from <MQL-3409 ng/g for tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCP), while the PFASs were either not detected (<MDL) or detected below the quantification limit (<MQL). To exploit the advanced technology of HRMS, a non-target analysis (NTA) workflow was also designed and employed, allowing the identification of 17 non-targets (plasticizers, PPCPs, pesticides and industrial chemicals) at identification confidence levels from 3 to 1. The statistical analysis between the positive findings and vehicles' conditions evidenced a possible of association just for individual cases. Lastly, a preliminary evaluation of human exposure to the target analytes was applied with the view to assess the potential harmful effects. All values were < 1 indicating no special effects because of exposure to this concentration level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Petromelidou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Dimitris Margaritis
- Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH)/Hellenic Institute of Transport (HIT), 6th km, Charilaou - Thermi Road, GR 57001, Thermi, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Nannou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece
| | - Christos Keramydas
- Department of Supply Chain Management, School of Economics and Business Administration, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitra A Lambropoulou
- Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Thessaloniki, 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, GR 57001, Greece.
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Yang J, Ching YC, Kadokami K. Occurrence and exposure risk assessment of organic micropollutants in indoor dust from Malaysia. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132340. [PMID: 34826953 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Indoor dust is an important source of human exposure to hazardous organic micropollutants (OMPs) because humans spend about 90 % of their time in the indoor environments. This study initially analyzed the concentrations and compositions of OMPs in the dust of different indoor environments from Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 57 OMPs were detected and assigned to 7 chemical classes in this study. The total concentration of OMPs ranged from 5980 to 183,000 ng/g, with the median concentration of 46,400 ng/g. Personal care products, organophosphate esters, and pesticides were the dominant groups, with their median concentrations at 12,000, 10,000, and 5940 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations and compositions of influential OMPs varied in different microenvironments, suggesting different sources and usage patterns in the house. Then, the noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of exposure to these substances for diverse age groups were assessed based on the median concentration. Cumulative noncarcinogenic risks of these OMPs via ingestion pathway were estimated to be negligible (1.41 × 10-4 - 1.87 × 10-3). The carcinogenic risks of these OMPs were higher than 10-6 (1.63 × 10-6 - 6.17 × 10-6) and should be noted. Theobromine accounted for more than 89 % of the cumulative cancer risk, implying that the carcinogenic risk of theobromine needs further monitoring in the future. Toddler was the most affected group for cancer risk among all the age groups, regardless of the microenvironments. These findings from this study may provide a benchmark for future efforts to ensure the safety of indoor dust for the local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yern Chee Ching
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
| | - Kiwao Kadokami
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
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