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Muniz MMM, Serrenho RC, Duffield T, de Oliveira Junior GA, McArt JAA, Baes CF, Schenkel FS, Squires EJ. Identification of genetic markers associated with hyperketonemia patterns in early lactation Holstein cows. J Anim Breed Genet 2024. [PMID: 38783641 DOI: 10.1111/jbg.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ketosis, evidenced by hyperketonemia with elevated blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) levels, is a significant metabolic disorder of dairy cattle, typically diagnosed within the first 6 weeks post-calving when high energy levels are essential to milk production. Our study aimed to identify genetic markers linked to hyperketonemia (HYK) patterns in Holstein cows during early lactation and compare these to HYK-negative cows. We screened 964 cows for HYK using a threshold of BHB ≥1.2 mmol/L during the first 2 weeks postpartum (screening period, SP). Cows that tested negative initially were retested the following week. Cows were deemed HYK-negative (CON group) if BHB levels were below 1.2 mmol/L in both tests, while those with BHB levels exceeding this threshold at any test were treated and classified as HYK-positive (HYK+). Post-treatment, HYK+ cows were monitored for two-week follow-up period (FP) and classified based on their recovery: cured (CUR; consistently low BHB), recurrent (REC; fluctuating BHB levels), severe (SEV; high initial BHB that decreased), or chronic (CHR; persistently high BHB). Using 489 cows that were genotyped, a GWAS was conducted using GCTA software, revealing significant associations of several SNPs across different HYK patterns when compared to the CON group. These SNPs were primarily linked to genes affecting milk traits and were enriched in biological pathways relevant to protein glycosylation, inflammatory response, glucose homeostasis, and fatty acid synthesis. Our findings highlight genomic regions, potential candidate genes, and biological pathways related to ketosis, underscoring potential targets for improving health management in dairy cattle. These insights could lead to better strategies for managing ketosis through genetic selection, ultimately enhancing dairy cattle welfare and productivity. Further research with a larger number of cows is recommended to validate these findings and help confirm the implicated SNPs and genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Malane M Muniz
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rita Couto Serrenho
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Todd Duffield
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerson A de Oliveira Junior
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica A A McArt
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Christine F Baes
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Genetics, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Schramm Schenkel
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - E James Squires
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Henning Y, Adam K, Gerhardt P, Begall S. Hypoxic and hypercapnic burrow conditions lead to downregulation of free triiodothyronine and hematocrit in Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli). J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:33-40. [PMID: 38059996 PMCID: PMC10940439 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01526-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
African mole-rats live in self-dug burrow systems under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions. Adaptations to hypoxia include suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR) and core body temperature (Tb). Because the thyroid hormones (THs) thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) are positive regulators of RMR and Tb, we hypothesized that serum TH concentrations would also be downregulated under hypoxic conditions. To test this hypothesis, we kept Ansell's mole-rats (Fukomys anselli) in terraria filled with soil in which they were allowed to construct underground burrows to achieve chronic intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia. The animals stayed in these hypoxic and hypercapnic burrows voluntarily, although given the choice to stay aboveground. We collected blood samples before and after treatment to measure serum T4 and T3 concentrations as well as hematological parameters. The free fraction of the transcriptionally-active T3 was significantly decreased after treatment, indicating that cellular TH signaling was downregulated via peripheral mechanisms, consistent with the assumption that aerobic metabolism is downregulated under hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, we found that hematocrit and hemoglobin concentrations were also downregulated after treatment, suggesting that oxygen demand decreases under hypoxia, presumably due to the metabolic shift towards anaerobic metabolism. Taken together, we have identified a potential upstream regulator of physiological adaptations to hypoxia in these highly hypoxia-tolerant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiyuki Henning
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kamilla Adam
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Patricia Gerhardt
- Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabine Begall
- Department of General Zoology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Pan D, Shi Y, Huang M, Li X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Sun H, Wang Z. Physiological indices and liver gene expression related to glucose supply in Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) exhibit species- and oxygen concentration-specific responses to hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 270:110911. [PMID: 37898361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) is a species with hypoxia tolerance, and glucose serves as the primary energy substrate under hypoxia. However, the glucose supply in Brandt's voles under hypoxia has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate characteristics in physiological indices and liver gene expression associated with glucose supply in Brandt's voles under hypoxia. Serum glucose of Brandt's voles remained stable under 10% O2, increased under 7.5% O2, and decreased under 5% O2. Serum lactate increased under 10% O2, decreased under 7.5% O2, increased at 6 h and decreased at 12 h under 5% O2. Liver glycogen increased under 10% O2, remained constant under 7.5% O2, and reduced under 5% O2. Pepck and G6pase expression associated with gluconeogenesis decreased under 10% O2, while Pepck expression decreased and G6pase expression increased under 7.5% and 5% O2. Regarding genes related to glycogen metabolism, Gys expression decreased at all oxygen concentrations, Phk expression increased under 5% O2, and Gp expression increased under 7.5% and 5% O2. The alterations in glucose, lactate, liver glycogen, and gene expression related to glycogenolysis in Kunming mice (Mus musculus, control species) are similar to discovery of Brandt's voles under 7.5% O2, but gene expression involved in gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis increased. The findings suggest that Brandt's voles are more tolerant to hypoxia than Kunming mice, and their physiological indices and liver gene expression related to glucose supply exhibit species- and oxygen concentration-specific responses to hypoxia. This research offers novel insights for studying hypoxia tolerance of Brandt's voles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Maolin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Zishi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China; Centre for Nutritional Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China.
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Pan D, Wang J, Li M, Qiao C, Zhang Y, Shao T, Sun H, Wang Z. Changes in gene expression and enzyme activity related to glucose metabolism in the livers of Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii) exposed to hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 279:111384. [PMID: 36738876 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Brandt's vole (Lasiopodomys brandtii) is a hypoxia-tolerant species, and the metabolic characteristics of hypoxia-tolerant species have become a focus of recent research. However, insights into the anaerobic and aerobic metabolism of the livers of Brandt's voles under hypoxia remain limited. In this study, Brandt's voles and hypoxia-intolerant Kunming mice (Mus musculus, control species) were exposed to hypoxia conditions (Brandt's voles, 10% and 7.5% O2; Kunming mice, 10% O2) for 24 h, and changes in gene expression and enzyme activity related to anaerobic and aerobic metabolism in the livers were evaluated. Phosphofructokinase 1 (PFK1), phosphofructokinase 2 (PFK2), pyruvate kinase muscle (PKM), hexokinase 2 (HK2), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) related to anaerobic metabolism in the livers of Brandt's voles were increased under 7.5% O2. Regarding gene expression and enzyme activity for aerobic metabolism in Brandt's voles under 7.5% and 10% O2, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) expression was up-regulated, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity was decreased. In the livers of Kunming mice, gene expression related to anaerobic and aerobic metabolism was increased at the late stage of 10% O2, and SDH activity was enhanced at 6 h and reduced at 18 h. In addition, PFK1,PKM, PDK1 expression and SDH activity in Brandt's voles were significantly correlated with HIF-1a expression. PFK1, PKM, LDHand PDK1 expression in Kunming mice were significantly correlated with HIF-1a expression. These findings indicate that the livers of Brandt's voles have a certain tolerance to hypoxia, and metabolic changes play important roles in hypoxia tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jingou Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Mengke Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Congcong Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Tian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Hong Sun
- Centre for Nutritional Ecology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, PR China.
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Xu J, Gao S, Xin M, Chen W, Wang K, Liu W, Yan X, Peng S, Ren Y. Comparative Tandem Mass Tag-Based Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Liver Against Chronic Hypoxia: Molecular Insights Into Metabolism in Rats. High Alt Med Biol 2023; 24:49-58. [PMID: 36706039 PMCID: PMC10027340 DOI: 10.1089/ham.2022.0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Xu, Jin, Shenhan Gao, Mingyuan Xin, Wenjie Chen, Kaikun Wang, Wenjing Liu, Xinzong Yan, Sinan Peng, and Yanming Ren. Comparative tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomics analysis of liver against chronic hypoxia: molecular insights into metabolism in rats. High Alt Med Biol. 24:49-58, 2023. Objective: Using a metabolomic approach, we uncovered key regulators in metabolism from tandem mass tag (TMT)-based proteomic analysis in animals chronically exposed to hypoxia. Methods: Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 8 per group) were exposed to chronic normoxia or hypoxia (380 mmHg corresponding to a simulated altitude of 5,500 m) for 35 consecutive days. Hypoxia-induced alterations in metabolic pathways were analyzed from TMT-based proteomic analysis, complemented by western blot validation of key regulators. Results: We profiled biochemical parameters and serum lipids, found that serum alanine aminotransferase and blood glucose were not significantly changed due to chronic hypoxia. However, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were significantly affected by chronic hypoxia. And the levels of LDL nearly doubled (p < 0.05) after hypoxia exposure for 35 days. Through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes classification, we found several metabolic pathways were enriched, including lipid metabolism, cofactor and vitamin metabolism, amino acids metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and energy metabolism. To explore the potential functions of proteins in metabolic pathways that become a coordinated shift under chronic hypoxic conditions, Gene Ontology and pathway analysis were carried out on differentially expressed proteins. As the co-expression network shown in Figure, we identified the most significant differentially expressed proteins after chronic hypoxic changes in the livers of rats. Furthermore, we validated the gene expression profiles at the protein level using western blot. Results of western blot were in accordance with our quantitative polymerase chain reaction findings. The levels of fatty acid synthase and aquaporin 1 were significantly downregulated after 35 days and the levels of ATP citrate lyase, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1A, aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, and Ras-related protein Rap-1A were significantly upregulated after 35 days. Conclusions: Although this study cannot completely account for all the molecular mechanisms in rats, we provide a good analysis of protein expression and profiling of rats under chronic hypoxia conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shenhan Gao
- Department of Ecology, Qinghai University Plateau Biology Jing Ying Class, Grade 19, Xining, China
| | - Mingyuan Xin
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University Clinical Medicine Class 1, Grade 19, Xining, China
| | - Wenjie Chen
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University Clinical Medicine Class 6, Grade 20, Xining, China
| | - Kaikun Wang
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University Clinical Medicine Class 3, Grade 20, Xining, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University the Graduate Student of Foundation Medical of 2020, Xining, China
| | - Xinzong Yan
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University the Graduate Student of Foundation Medical of 2021, Xining, China
| | - Sinan Peng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Qinghai University Material Forming and Control Engineering Class, Grade 20, Xining, China
| | - Yanming Ren
- Department of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Hou J, Zheng D, Wen X, Xiao W, Han F, Lang H, Xiong S, Jiang W, Hu Y, He M, Long P. Proteomic and Morphological Profiling of Mice Ocular Tissue During High-altitude Acclimatization Process: An Animal Study at Lhasa. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:2835-2853. [PMID: 35645575 PMCID: PMC9135145 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s361174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose High-altitude environment mainly with hypobaric hypoxia could induce pathological alterations in ocular tissue. Previous studies have mostly focused on sporadic case reports and simulated high-altitude hypoxia experiments. This aim of this study was to explore the proteomic and morphological changes of ocular tissue in mice at real altitude environment. Methods In this study, mice were flown from Chengdu (elevation: 500 m) to Lhasa (elevation: 3600 m). After exposure for 1day, 3, 6, 10, 20, 30, and 40days, the mice were euthanatized to obtain blood and ocular tissue. Serological tests, ocular pathological examinations, integral ocular proteomics analysis, and Western blot were conducted. Results We focused on acute phase (1–3 days) and chronic phase (>30 days) during high-altitude acclimatization. Serum interleukin-1 was increased at 3 days, while superoxide dismutase, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α showed no statistical changes. H&E staining demonstrated that the cornea was edematous at 3 days and exhibited slower proliferation at 30 days. The choroid showed a consistently significant thickening, while there existed no noticeable changes in retinal thickness. Overall, 4073 proteins were identified, among which 71 and 119 proteins were detected to have significant difference at 3 days and 40 days when compared with the control group. Functional enrichment analysis found the differentiated proteins at 3 days exposure functionally related with response to radiation, dephosphorylation, negative regulation of cell adhesion, and erythrocyte homeostasis. Moreover, the differential profiles of the proteins at 40 days exposure exhibited changes of regulation of complement activation, regulation of protein activation cascade, regulation of humoral immune response, second-messenger-mediated signaling, regulation of leukocyte activation, and cellular iron homeostasis. Interestingly, we found the ocular proteins with lactylation modification were increased along high-altitude adaptation. Conclusion This is the first work reporting the ocular proteomic and morphological changes at real high-altitude environment. We expect it would deep the understanding of ocular response during altitude acclimatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dezhi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmei Lang
- The Center of Obesity and Metabolic Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital & the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu Third People’s Hospital/Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Yonghe Hu, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, No. 111, North First Section of the Second Ring Road, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-138-8059-6789, Email
| | - Mengshan He
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Pan Long, Department of Ophthalmology, the General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Rongdu Avenue #270, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-181-9125-6132, Email
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Li M, Pan D, Sun H, Zhang L, Cheng H, Shao T, Wang Z. The hypoxia adaptation of small mammals to plateau and underground burrow conditions. Animal Model Exp Med 2021; 4:319-328. [PMID: 34977483 PMCID: PMC8690988 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is one of the important substances for the survival of most life systems on the earth, and plateau and underground burrow systems are two typical hypoxic environments. Small mammals living in hypoxic environments have evolved different adaptation strategies, which include increased oxygen delivery, metabolic regulation of physiological responses and other physiological responses that change tissue oxygen utilization. Multi-omics predictions have also shown that these animals have evolved different adaptations to extreme environments. In particular, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO), which have specific functions in the control of O2 delivery, have evolved adaptively in small mammals in hypoxic environments. Naked mole-rats and blind mole-rats are typical hypoxic model animals as they have some resistance to cancer. This review primarily summarizes the main living environment of hypoxia tolerant small mammals, as well as the changes of phenotype, physiochemical characteristics and gene expression mode of their long-term living in hypoxia environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Li
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Dan Pan
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
- Centre for Nutritional EcologyZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Han Cheng
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Tian Shao
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP.R. China
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