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Charamba LVC, Houska T, Kaiser K, Knorr KH, Krüger S, Krause T, Chen H, Krám P, Hruška J, Kalbitz K. Tracing sources of dissolved organic matter along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum in the Ore Mountains, Germany. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173807. [PMID: 38852873 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
There is growing concern about the rising levels of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in surface waters across the Northern hemisphere. However, only limited research has been conducted to unveil its precise origin. Compositional changes along terrestrial-aquatic pathways can help determine the terrestrial sources of DOM in streams. Stream water, soil water and soil horizons were sampled at four sites representing typical settings within a forested catchment in the Ore Mountains (Erzgebirge, Germany) from winter 2020 to spring 2022. The samples were analyzed using pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). The resulting data were successfully subjected to semi-automatic processing of the molecular composition of DOM, reaching a percentage of identified peaks up to 98 %. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analyses were carried out to identify distinct differences between DOM from the potential sources and in the streams. According to the PCA, organic soil horizons, soil water, and stream water samples could be clearly distinguished. Cluster analysis revealed that soil water DOM at all depths of Peats and deeper horizons of the Peaty Gleysols contributed the most to DOM in the stream section dominated by organic soils. In areas dominated by mineral soils, stream DOM resembled the DOM from the deeper mineral horizons of Cambisols and Podzols. Overall, our results suggested that most of the DOM exported from the catchment was derived from deeper mineral soil horizons, with little contribution of DOM derived from organic soils. Therefore, DOM fingerprint analysis of in-situ soil water proved to be a promising approach for tracing back the main sources of stream water DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia V C Charamba
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany.
| | - Tobias Houska
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany; Department of Landscape Ecology and Resource Management, University of Gießen, Gießen, Germany
| | - Klaus Kaiser
- Soil Science and Soil Protection, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Klaus-Holger Knorr
- Institute for Landscape Ecology, Ecohydrology and Biogeochemistry Group, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Krüger
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Tobias Krause
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States
| | - Pavel Krám
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Hruška
- Czech Geological Survey, Prague, Czech Republic; Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karsten Kalbitz
- Institute of Soil Science and Site Ecology, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Tharandt, Germany
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Wei M, Huang S, Akram W. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is independently stratified in thermally stratified water bodies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 356:120582. [PMID: 38508007 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Thermal stratification often occurs in deep-water bodies, including oceans, lakes, and reservoirs. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays a critical role in regulating the dynamics of aquatic food webs and water quality in aquatic ecosystems. In the past, thermal stratification boundaries have been sometimes used exclusively to analyze the vertical distribution of DOM in thermally stratified water bodies. However, the validity of this practice has been challenged. Currently, there is limited understanding of the formation mechanism and stratification of the vertical distribution of DOM in thermally stratified water bodies, which hinders the analysis of the interactions between DOM and vertical aquatic ecological factors. To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive study to extensively collect the vertical distribution of DOM in thermally stratified water bodies and identify the primary factors influencing this distribution. We found that DOM was independently stratified in thermally stratified water bodies (including two cases in unstratified water bodies), and that the formation mechanisms and statuses of DOM stratification were different from those of thermal stratification. The boundaries and numbers of DOM stratification were generally inconsistent with those of thermal stratification. Therefore, it is more accurate to divide DOM into different layers according to its own vertical profile, and analyze DOM characteristics of each layer based on its own stratification instead of thermal stratification. This study sheds light on the relationship between DOM and thermal stratification and provides a novel approach for analyzing DOM vertical distribution characteristics and their impact on aquatic ecosystems. This finding also holds significant implications for the design and implementation of environmental management programs aimed at preserving the health and functionality of aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Wei
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
| | - Suiliang Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China.
| | - Waseem Akram
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Remediation and Pollution Control for Urban Ecological Environment, Numerical Simulation Group for Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, PR China
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Sánez JM, Bell KY, Wells MJM. Transformation of organic carbon through medium pressure (polychromatic) UV disinfection of wastewater effluent during wet weather events. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165149. [PMID: 37385498 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
An observed decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations following wastewater disinfection with medium pressure (MP, polychromatic) ultraviolet (UV) irradiation during wet weather flows is investigated. When antecedent rainfall in the previous 7-days was >2 in (5 cm), TOC and DOC concentrations decreased dramatically following MP-UV disinfection. Organic carbon surrogate measurements of biological oxygen demand (BOD), TOC, DOC, turbidity, UVA - 254 nm, SUVA (specific UVA), scanning UV-Visible spectra (200-600 nm), fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectra, and light scattering data are presented for wastewater resource recovery facility (WRRF) influent, secondary effluent (pre-UV-disinfection), and MP-UV-disinfected (final effluent) samples. TOC and DOC in wastewater influent and secondary effluent (i.e., pre-UV disinfection) correlated with antecedent rainfall conditions. The percent TOC and DOC removal through secondary treatment (i.e., from influent to effluent pre-UV) and the percent TOC and DOC removal through MP-UV disinfection (i.e., from effluent pre-UV to effluent post-UV) were compared and the latter approached 90 % through MP-UV disinfection during high antecedent rainfall conditions. Spectroscopy (UV, visible, or fluorescence) was performed on samples after filtration through 0.45 μm filters, i.e., the operationally defined DOC fraction of aquatic carbon. Scanning UV-visible spectra indicated transformation of an unidentified wastewater component into light-scattering entities regardless of antecedent rainfall conditions. The types of organic carbon (diagenetic, biogenic, or anthropogenic) and the significance of wet weather are discussed. An organic carbon contribution via infiltration and inflow was attributed as a source-of-interest in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Sánez
- Federal University for Latin American Integration (UNILA), Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil; Center for the Management, Utilization and Protection of Water Resources and Department of Chemistry, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, TN, United States.
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Yang G, Pan H, Lei H, Tong W, Shi L, Chen H. Dissolved organic matter evolution and straw decomposition rate characterization under different water and fertilizer conditions based on three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum and deep learning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118537. [PMID: 37406492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Straw returning is a sustainable way to utilize agricultural solid waste resources. However, incomplete decomposition of straw will cause harm to crop growth and soil quality. Currently, there is a lack of technology to timely monitor the rate of straw decomposition. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is the most active organic matter in soil and straw is mainly immersed in the soil in the form of DOM. In order to formulate reasonable straw returning management measures , a timely monitoring method of straw decomposition rate was developed in the study. Three water treatment (60%-65%, 70%-75% and 80%-85% maximum field capacity) and two fertilizer (organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer) were set up in the management of straw returning to the field. Litterbag method was used to monitor the weight loss rate of straw decomposition under different water and fertilizer conditions in strawberry growth stage. The changes of DOM components were determined by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3D-EEM). From the faster decomposition period to the slower decomposition period, the main components of DOM changed from protein-like components to humus-like components. At the end of the experiment, the relative content of humus-like components under the treatment of organic fertilizer and moderate water was the highest. Convolutional neural network (CNN) combined with 3D-EEM was used to identify the decomposition speed of straw. The classification precision of neural network validation set and test are 85.7% and 81.2%, respectively. In order to predict the decomposition rate of straw under different water and fertilizer conditions, 3D-EEM data of DOM were used as the input of CNN, parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) and fluorescence region integral (FRI), and dissolved organic carbon data were used as the input of dissolved organic carbon linear prediction. The prediction model based on CNN had the best effect (R2 = 0.987). The results show that this method can effectively identify the spectral characteristics and predict the decomposition rate of straw under different conditions of water and fertilizer, which is helpful to promote the efficient decomposition of straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450011, PR China
| | - Hongwei Pan
- College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450011, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Lei
- College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450011, PR China.
| | - Wenbin Tong
- College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450011, PR China
| | - Lili Shi
- College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450011, PR China
| | - Huiru Chen
- College of Water Resources, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450011, PR China
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Hua H, Liu M, Liu CQ, Lang Y, Xue H, Li S, La W, Han X, Ding H. Differences in the spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter binding to Cu(II) in wetland soils with moisture gradients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162509. [PMID: 36870263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The environmental behavior of heavy metals in soil is significantly regulated by their binding with dissolved organic matter (DOM), which is affected by soil moisture contents. However, the mechanism of this interaction in soils with varying moisture is still not well understood. Using a combination of ultrafiltration, Cu(II) titration, and multispectral (ultraviolet-visible absorption, 3D fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared) analysis techniques, we studied the differences in the spectral characteristics and Cu(II) binding properties of soil dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its different molecular weight (MW) fractions with moisture gradients. We found that the abundance and spectral characters of soil DOM changed with increasing soil moisture, i.e., the increase in abundance while the decrease in aromaticity and humification index. The components of DOM, shown by Fluorescence region-integration (FRI) analysis, also changed, with an increase in the proportion of protein-like substances and a decrease of humic-like and fulvic-like substances. The overall Cu(II) binding potential of soil DOM diminished with increasing soil moisture, as indicated by the fluorescence parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis. This is aligns with the changes in DOM composition, as the humic-like and fulvic-like fractions exhibited higher Cu(II) binding potential compared to the protein-like fractions. The low MW fraction of the MW-fractionated samples showed a stronger binding potential for Cu(II) compared to the high MW fraction. Finally, the active binding site of Cu(II) in DOM, as revealed by UV-difference spectroscopy and 2D-FTIR-COS analysis, decreased with increasing soil moisture, with the order of preferentially functional groups shifting from OH, NH, and CO to CN and CO. This study emphasizes the impact of moisture variations on the characteristics of DOM and its interaction with Cu(II), providing insight into the environmental fate of heavy metal contaminants in soil in areas with alternating land and water conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Hua
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Mingxuan Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cong-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yunchao Lang
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shiyong Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wei La
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaokun Han
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hu Ding
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; Critical Zone Observatory of Bohai Coastal Region, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Ma N, Gao L, Ge Z, Li M. Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in a plain river network region: Establishing linkages between source and water quality variables. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 331:138809. [PMID: 37127199 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The chemical characteristics of groundwater can indicate water quality condition and provide useful information for pollution source identification. This study aimed to understand the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on ionic composition of groundwater and identify the main ions and sources of pollution. The Lake Taihu is a typical eutrophic lake in China. In this study, the hydrochemical composition of groundwater in the surrounding aquifer of Lake Taihu Basin was analyzed. The results showed that the values of water quality index (WQI) range from 13.29 to 56.26 (good water quality). The dominant hydrochemical type of groundwater was Ca-Mg-HCO3 type, and the rock dominance was the major mechanism controlling the groundwater chemistry. With an increasing concentration in dissolved organic carbon (DOC), the Na+, Mg2+, and HCO3- concentrations all showed a sharp increase followed by a slow increase, while the NO3- concentration showed an opposite trend, indicating the DOM can affect the ions composition. In addition, K+ was positively correlated with NO3-, As, and Cd. Hence, DOM input may directly or indirectly change the hydrochemistry of groundwater. Besides, the NO3- concentration in groundwater was much higher than that in Lake Taihu, indicating that the NO3- in groundwater mainly came from surface soil leaching. The anthropogenic sources are probably the main sources of different ions, including K+, NO3-, As, and Cd. This study can help to better understand the effects of lake eutrophication on groundwater and its pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria, 8001, Australia
| | - Zhengkui Ge
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, 712100, PR China.
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Lin Y, Hu E, Sun C, Li M, Gao L, Fan L. Using fluorescence index (FI) of dissolved organic matter (DOM) to identify non-point source pollution: The difference in FI between soil extracts and wastewater reveals the principle. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160848. [PMID: 36526171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Traceability and quantification of agricultural non-point source pollution are of great significance to water pollution management in watersheds. In this study, fluorescence components and indices of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the river, wastewater and soil extracts from different land use types were analyzed to screen indicators that can identify non-point source pollution in 15 independent small watersheds located at the southern Qinling piedmont (China). The results showed that DOM fluorescence components in soil extracts among different land uses didn't have significant differences. The values of humification index (HIX) did not vary obviously between soil extracts and wastewater, with the mean values ranging from 3.4 to 3.9. However, the average value of fluorescence index (FI) of effluent wastewater was about 2.1 and did not change significantly through treatment. The FI values of soil extracts were generally between 1.5 and 1.7. The FI values in most river waters were just between the FI values of wastewater and soil extracts. This phenomenon indicated that FI could be used as an indicator to distinguish point source and non-point source pollution. Besides, the correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between the non-point source pollution calculated by FI and δ15N. The relationship was different in January and July, but further confirmed the reliability of using FI to quantify non-point source pollution. This study demonstrated the feasibility of using FI to identify non-point source pollution. When combined with handheld fluorescence spectrometers and unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted fluorescence spectrometers, this method may be adopted more widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuye Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - En Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Changshun Sun
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Li Gao
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Linhua Fan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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Liu Y, Yang F, Liu S, Zhang X, Li M. Molecular characteristics of microalgal extracellular polymeric substances were different among phyla and correlated with the extracellular persistent free radicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159704. [PMID: 36302439 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) plays essential roles in microalgal adaptation to the external environment and aggregate formation. The molecular characteristics of EPS and extracellular persistent free radicals (PFRs) of 15 microalgal species belonging to three phyla were analyzed using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS), three-dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrices combined with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer (EPR). Lignin accounted for the highest proportion of EPS for Cyanophyta and the proportion of lipids was higher for Bacillariophyta. The presence of PFRs was detected on the cell surfaces of all microalgae species (excluding Cyclotella sp.). The intensity of carbon-centered PFRs was positively correlated with the proportions of humic-like component and lignin, but was negatively correlated with the proportion of lipids in microalgal EPS. Following EPS extraction, carbon- and oxygen-centered free radicals were still detectable on the surface of microalgae. Given the high intensity of PFRs produced by Cyanophyta, the level of PFRs in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs predominated by Cyanophyta may be considerably high. Other organisms in the water column, such as bacteria and zooplankton are bound to be stressed by elevated level of PFRs. The ecological functions and environmental risks of PFRs carried by microalgae still need to be explored in follow-up research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Siwan Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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9
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Wen L, Yang F, Li X, Liu S, Lin Y, Hu E, Gao L, Li M. Composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in wastewater treatment plants influent affects the efficiency of carbon and nitrogen removal. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159541. [PMID: 36265625 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) play a critical role in receiving, removing, and discharging dissolved organic matter (DOM) in aquatic systems. To date, understanding the composition and fate of DOM in different WWTPs with various environmental and socioeconomic conditions is limited. This study analyzed DOM components in the influent and effluent samples from 49 WWTPs in China using EEM-PARAFAC and ESI-FT-ICR-MS methods. The influencing factors of DOM components in the influent were also analyzed. Geographic location and GDP showed significant (p < 0.05) correlations with DOM components in the influent. The removal efficiency of DOM in WWTPs was closely related to the DOM compositions, where carbohydrates, lipids, and protein-like components (removal efficiencies > 75 %) were more readily decomposed than the humic-like components, lignin, and tannin. The relative fraction of humic-like compound C3 in the influent was correlated negatively with total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal in WWTPs (p < 0.05). Besides, the relative fraction of DOM containing the element sulfur also showed significant negative correlations with the humification of DOM (p < 0.05). The results from EEM-PARAFAC and ESI-FT-ICR-MS methods showed no obvious correlation for the DOM characterizations except for humic-like fluorescent fraction C3 and lignin, while significant positive correlations (p < 0.05) between the aromatic index (AI_mod) from the ESI-FT-ICR-MS analysis and the humification index (HIX) from spectrofluorimetry. This supports the use of these spectral indexes as simple surrogates to represent part chemical compositions in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Fang Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Australia
| | - Siwan Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Yuye Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - En Hu
- Shaanxi Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- South East Water, 101 Wells Street, Frankston, VIC 3199, Australia
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, PR China.
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Li W, Li X, Han C, Gao L, Wu H, Li M. A new view into three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy for dissolved organic matter. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158963. [PMID: 36155043 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3D EEMs) has been extensively used for dissolved organic matter (DOM) characterization. However, the application of 3D EEMs is constantly limited by issues such as contradictory component identification, confusing interpretation of spectral indicators, and inability to establish biodegradability. In this study, some improvements were proposed by investigating the 3D EEMs, spectral indicators, and degradability of the standard and representative DOM. To overcome the unclear identification of DOM components, it was recommended to partition 3D EEMs into three subareas: aromatic protein (New-I), humic-like (New-II), and soluble microbial by-product-like (New-III). Significant strong positive correlations (ρ = 0.727, P < 0.001) were observed between fluorescence index (FI) and biological index (BIX), and (R = 0.809, P < 0.001) humification index (HIX) and specific ultraviolet absorbance of 254 nm (SUVA254). Except for FI (R = -0.483, P = 0.023), no other spectral indicators (P > 0.05) were found to be significantly correlated with molecular weight. As thence results, the FI and HIX were the most suitable indicators for evaluating DOM. The half-life (20 < 21 < 26 < 29 < 46 days) revealed that the degradability of individual DOM components was in the order of tyrosine > tryptophan > fulvic acid > protein > humic acid. The degradation dynamics were governed by first-order decay kinetics (R2 = 0.91-0.99). This study clarified the fluorescence properties and degradability of DOM, as well as the reliability of spectral indicators. The degradation performance of individual DOM components engaged in the carbon cycling process was revealed, paving the path for further applications of 3D EEMs in DOM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Chunxiao Han
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China
| | - Li Gao
- Institute for Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia
| | - Haiming Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, PR China.
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