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Gang D, Jia H, Ji H, Li J, Yu H, Hu C, Qu J. Ecological risk of per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in the phytoremediation process: a case study for ecologically keystone species across two generations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174961. [PMID: 39067584 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The potential ecological risk of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in phytoremediation has raised social concerns, promoting a need to better understand their distribution and risks in the recovery process of aquatic plants. Herein, we aim to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the distribution and ecotoxicological effects of PFASs on the structure and function of water-macrophyte-sediment microcosm systems. Among the entire system, 63.0 %-73.1 % PFOA was found in sediments and submerged plants, however, 52.5 %-53.0 % of PFPeA and 47.0 %-47.5 % of PFBS remained in the water under different treatments. PFOA was more bioavailable than the other substances, as demonstrated by the bioaccumulation factors (BAF) with ranges exposed to PFPeA and PFBS. Bioaccumulation PFASs induced plant oxidative stress which generates enzymes to suppress superoxide, and disturbed the processes of lysine biosynthesis, in which allysine, meso-2,6-diaminoheptanedioate, and Nsuccinyl-2-amino-6-ketopimelate were downregulated. PFASs were detected in the propagator (turions) of an ecological restoration species, where short-chain PFASs (70.1 % and 45.7 % for 2 or 20 μg/L PFAS exposure, respectively) were found to spread further into new individuals and profoundly influence ecological processes shaping populations. PFASs significantly enhanced the number of microbial species in the sediment, but the degree of differentiation in the microbial community structure was not significantly different. This study enhances our understanding of the ecological mechanisms of PFASs in the water-macrophyte-sediment systems and potential threats to the recovery process of macrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diga Gang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huawei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - He Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and Technology, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Xu J, Cui Q, Ren H, Liu S, Liu Z, Sun X, Sun H, Shang J, Tan W. Differential uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl substances by vegetable roots and leaves: Insight into critical influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175205. [PMID: 39097023 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Crop contamination of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may threaten human health, with root and leaves representing the primary uptake pathways of PFASs in crops. Therefore, it is imperative to elucidate the uptake characteristics of PFASs by crop roots and leaves as well as the critical influencing factors. In this study, the uptake and translocation of PFASs by roots and leaves of pak choi and radish were systematically explored based on perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Additionally, the roles of root Casparian strips, leaf stomata, and PFAS structures in the aforementioned processes were elucidated. Compared with pak choi, PFASs are more easily transferred to leaves after root uptake in radish, resulting from the lack of root Casparian strips. In pak choi root, the bioaccumulation of C4-C8 perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) showed a U-shaped trend with the increase of their carbon chain lengths, and the translocation potentials of individual PFASs from root to leaves negatively correlated with their chain lengths. The leaf uptake of PFOA in pak choi and radish mainly depended on cuticle sorption, with the evidence of a slight decrease in the concentrations of PFOA in exposed leaves after stomatal closure induced by abscisic acid. The leaf bioaccumulation of C4-C8 PFCAs in pak choi exhibited an inverted U-shaped trend as their carbon chain lengths increased. PFASs in exposed leaves can be translocated to the root and then re-transferred to unexposed leaves in vegetables. The longer-chain PFASs showed higher translocation potentials from exposed leaves to root. PFOS demonstrated a higher bioaccumulation than PFOA in crop roots and leaves, mainly due to the greater hydrophobicity of PFOS. Planting root vegetables lacking Casparian strips is inadvisable in PFAS-contaminated environments, in view of their higher PFAS bioaccumulation and considerable human intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Hailong Ren
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shun Liu
- The Seventh Geological Brigade of Hubei Geological Bureau, Yichang 443100, China
| | - Zhaoyang Liu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Heyang Sun
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaqi Shang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Fang B, Chen H, Zhou Y, Qiao B, Baqar M, Wang Y, Yao Y, Sun H. Fluorotelomer betaines and sulfonic acid in aerobic wetland soil: Stability, biotransformation, and bacterial community response. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135261. [PMID: 39032178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The microbial degradation of 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA), fluorotelomer sulfonamide alkylbetaine (6:2 FTAB), and fluorotelomer betaines (5:3 and 5:1:2 FTB) in aerobic wetland soil was investigated during a 100-day incubation. The half-lives of 6:2 FTSA in the treatments with diethylene glycol butyl ether as the sole carbon source (NA treatment) and with additional supplementation of sodium acetate (ED treatment) were determined to be 26.2 and 16.7 days, respectively. By day 100, ∼20 mol% of 6:2 FTAB was degraded in the NA and ED treatments. The potential transformation products of 6:2 FTSA and 6:2 FTAB were identified using liquid/gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, and their biotransformation pathways were proposed. In contrast, 5:3 and 5:1:2 FTB exhibited high persistence under two carbon source conditions. There was no intense alteration in the diversity of soil bacterial communities under the stress of fluorotelomer compounds at the level of ∼150 μg/L. The supplementation of sodium acetate led to an enrichment of bacterial species within the genera Hydrogenophaga (phylum Proteobacteria) and Rhodococcus (phylum Actinobacteria), promoting the biodegradation of 6:2 FTSA and 6:2 FTAB and the formation of transformation products. Species from the genus Rhodococcus were potentially crucial functional microorganisms involved in the degradation of 6:2 FTSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hao Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Yue Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Biting Qiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mujtaba Baqar
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yu Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yiming Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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4
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Li M, Zhao X, Yan P, Xie H, Zhang J, Wu S, Wu H. A review of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) removal in constructed wetlands: mechanisms, enhancing strategies and environmental risks. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024:119967. [PMID: 39260718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
PER: and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), typical persistent organic pollutants detected in various water environments, have attracted widespread attention due to their undesirable effects on ecology and human health. Constructed wetlands (CWs) have emerged as a promising, cost-effective, and nature-based solution for removing persistent organic pollutants. This review summarizes the removal performance of PFASs in CWs, underlying PFASs removal mechanisms, and influencing factors are also discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, the environmental risks of PFASs-enriched plants and substrates in CWs are analyzed. The results show that removal efficiencies of total PFASs in various CWs ranged from 21.3% to 98%. Plant uptake, substrate absorption and biotransformation are critical pathways in CWs for removing PFASs, which can be influenced by the physiochemical properties of PFASs, operation parameters, environmental factors, and other pollutants. Increasing dissolved oxygen supply and replacing traditional substrates in CWs, and combining CWs with other technologies could significantly improve PFASs removal. Further, CWs pose relatively lower ecological and environmental risks in removing PFASs, which indicates CWs could be an alternative solution for controlling PFASs in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Peihao Yan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Huijun Xie
- Environmental Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, PR China
| | - Suqing Wu
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, PR China.
| | - Haiming Wu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China.
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5
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Ogata Y, Matsukami H, Ishimori H. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances removal from landfill leachate by a planting unit via interactions between foamed glass and Typha domingensis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 363:142865. [PMID: 39019191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Sustainable removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from landfill leachate remains a pressing global challenge. To develop an effective PFAS removal technology that utilizes nature-based solutions, we considered a planting unit comprised of a microbial carrier (foamed glass) and Typha domingensis. This study evaluated the possibility of removing PFAS from landfill leachate using a planting unit through a pot experiment. The planting unit effectively removed various short- and long-chain PFAS from the landfill leachate, including perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs [C4-C10]), perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs [C4, C6, and C8]), fluorotelomer carboxylic acids (FTCAs [5:3 and 7:3]), and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (FTS), with initial concentrations of 43-9100 ng L-1, achieving a removal efficiency of 53-83% in 21 d. Mass balance analysis indicated that the contribution of accumulation on foamed glass and plant adsorption and uptake played no major role in the removal of PFCAs (C4-C9), PFSAs (C4), and FTCAs (5:3 and 7:3), and that other removal processes played a key role. Although not the most effective removal process, the contribution of accumulation on foamed glass tended to be more notable in the removal of longer-chain PFCAs. In addition, plant adsorption and uptake showed that longer-chain PFCAs were more likely to remain in roots, whereas shorter-chain PFCAs were more likely to be transferred to aboveground plant part. On the other hand, 6:2 FTS removal occurred primarily due to accumulation on foamed glass. These results suggest that differences in the physicochemical properties of PFAS affect removal mechanisms. This study provides valuable insights into development of environmentally friendly technologies capable of removing a variety of short- and long-chain PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ogata
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Matsukami
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishimori
- Material Cycles Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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6
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Chen ZW, Hua ZL, Guo P. The bioaccumulation and ecotoxicity of co-exposure of per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances and polystyrene microplastics to Eichhornia crassipes. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121878. [PMID: 38870860 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Gen X and F-53B have been popularized as alternatives to PFOA and PFOS, respectively. These per(poly)fluoroalkyl substances pervasively coexist with microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments. However, there are knowledge gaps regarding their potential eco-environmental risks. In this study, a typical free-floating macrophyte, Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes), was selected for hydroponic simulation of a single exposure to PFOA, PFOS, Gen X, and F-53B, and co-exposure with polystyrene (PS) microspheres. F-53B exhibited the highest bioaccumulation followed by Gen X, PFOA, and PFOS. In the presence of PS MPs, the bioavailabilities of the four PFASs shifted and the whole plant bioconcentration factors improved. All four PFASs induced severe lipid peroxidation, which was exacerbated by PS MPs. The highest integrated biomarker response (IBR) was observed for E. crassipes (IBR of shoot: 30.01, IBR of root: 22.79, and IBR of whole plant: 34.96) co-exposed to PS MPs and F-53B. The effect addition index (EAI) model revealed that PS MPs showed antagonistic toxicity with PFOA and PFOS (EAI < 0) and synergistic toxicity with Gen X and F-53B (EAI > 0). These results are helpful to compare the eco-environmental impacts of legacy and alternative PFASs for renewal process of PFAS consumption and provide toxicological, botanical, and ecoengineering insights under co-contamination with MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Zu-Lin Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing 210098, China.
| | - Peng Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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7
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Savvidou P, Dotro G, Campo P, Coulon F, Lyu T. Constructed wetlands as nature-based solutions in managing per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS): Evidence, mechanisms, and modelling. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 934:173237. [PMID: 38761940 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as newly regulated micropollutants, characterised by extreme recalcitrance and environmental toxicity. Constructed wetlands (CWs), as a nature-based solution, have gained widespread application in sustainable water and wastewater treatment and offer multiple environmental and societal benefits. Despite CWs potential, knowledge gaps persist in their PFAS removal capacities, associated mechanisms, and modelling of PFAS fate. This study carried out a systematic literature review, supplemented by unpublished experimental data, demonstrating the promise of CWs for PFAS removal from the influents of varying sources and characteristics. Median removal performances of 64, 46, and 0 % were observed in five free water surface (FWS), four horizontal subsurface flow (HF), and 18 vertical flow (VF) wetlands, respectively. PFAS adsorption by the substrate or plant root/rhizosphere was deemed as a key removal mechanism. Nevertheless, the available dataset resulted unsuitable for a quantitative analysis. Data-driven models, including multiple regression models and machine learning-based Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), were employed to predict PFAS removal. These models showed better predictive performance compared to various mechanistic models, which include two adsorption isotherms. The results affirmed that artificial intelligence is an efficient tool for modelling the removal of emerging contaminants with limited knowledge of chemical properties. In summary, this study consolidated evidence supporting the use of CWs for mitigating new legacy PFAS contaminants. Further research, especially long-term monitoring of full-scale CWs treating real wastewater, is crucial to obtain additional data for model development and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Savvidou
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriela Dotro
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Campo
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Frederic Coulon
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
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8
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Fang X, Jin L, Sun X, Huang H, Wang Y, Ren H. A data-driven analysis to discover research hotspots and trends of technologies for PFAS removal. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118678. [PMID: 38493846 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The frequent detection of persistent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in organisms and environment coupled with surging evidence for potential detrimental impacts, have attracted widespread attention throughout the world. In order to reveal research hotspots and trends of technologies for PFAS removal, herein, we performed a data-driven analysis of 3975 papers and 436 patents from Web of Science Core Collection and Derwent Innovation Index databases up to 2023. The results showed that China and the USA led the way in the research of PFAS removal with outstanding contributions to publications. The progression generally transitioned from accidental discovery of decomposition, to experimentation with removal effects and mechanisms of existing methods, and finally to enhanced defluorination and mechanism-driven design approaches. The keywords co-occurrence network and technology classification together revealed the main knowledge framework, which was constructed and correlated through contaminants, substrates, materials, processes and properties. Moreover, adsorption was demonstrated to be the dominant removal process among the current studies. Subsequently, we concluded the principles, advances and drawbacks of enrichment and separation, biological methods, advanced oxidation and reduction processes. Further exploration indicated the hotspots such as alternatives and precursors for PFAS ("genx": 1.258, "f-53b": 0.337), degradable mineralization technologies ("photocatalytic degrad": 0.529, "hydrated electron": 0.374), environment-friendly remediation technologies ("phytoremedi": 0.939, "constructed wetland": 0.462) and combination with novel materials ("metal-organic framework": 1.115, "layered double hydroxid": 0.559) as well as computer science ("molecular dynamics simul": 0.559, "machine learn"). Furthermore, the future direction of technological innovation might lie in high-performance processes that minimize secondary pollution, the development of recyclable and renewable treatment agents, and collaborative control strategies for multiple pollutants. Overall, this study offers comprehensive and objective review for researchers and industry professionals in this field, enabling rapid access to knowledge guidance and insights into research frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lili Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiangzhou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
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9
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Wang G, Xing Z, Liu S, Chen H, Dong X, Guo P, Wang H, Liu Y. Emerging and legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Daling River and its estuary, Northern China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115953. [PMID: 38128250 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Strict restriction on legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has caused a dramatic increase in production and usage of emerging PFASs over the last decades. However, the environmental behaviors of emerging PFASs is largely unknown in Daling River, Northern China. In this study, the potential sources, sediment-water partitioning and substitution trends of PFASs were investigated in overlying water and sediments from Daling River and its estuary. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid were major compounds, and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate was first detected. Firefighting foam manufacturing and fluoropolymer production were the main sources of PFASs. Compared to legacy PFASs (C8), the emerging PFASs (C6 - C9) were more incline to distribute into overlying water. Substitution trends indicated 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid and hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid as the important alternatives of perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid, respectively. The results were meaningful for understanding the environmental behaviors of emerging PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Ziao Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Shuaihao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Haiyue Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xu Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Pengxu Guo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
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10
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Bodus B, O'Malley K, Dieter G, Gunawardana C, McDonald W. Review of emerging contaminants in green stormwater infrastructure: Antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167195. [PMID: 37777137 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Green stormwater infrastructure is a growing management approach to capturing, infiltrating, and treating runoff at the source. However, there are several emerging contaminants for which green stormwater infrastructure has not been explicitly designed to mitigate and for which removal mechanisms are not yet well defined. This is an issue, as there is a growing understanding of the impact of emerging contaminants on human and environmental health. This paper presents a review of five emerging contaminants - antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature - and seeks to improve our understanding of how green stormwater infrastructure is impacted by and can be designed to mitigate these emerging contaminants. To do so, we present a review of the source and transport of these contaminants to green stormwater infrastructure, specific treatment mechanisms within green infrastructure, and design considerations of green stormwater infrastructure that could lead to their removal. In addition, common removal mechanisms across these contaminants and limitations of green infrastructure for contaminant mitigation are discussed. Finally, we present future research directions that can help to advance the use of green infrastructure as a first line of defense for downstream water bodies against emerging contaminants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bodus
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Kassidy O'Malley
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Greg Dieter
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Charitha Gunawardana
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
| | - Walter McDonald
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, 1637 W. Wisconsin Ave, Milwaukee, WI 53233, USA.
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11
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Nguyen NTT, Nguyen TTT, Nguyen DTC, Tran TV. Functionalization strategies of metal-organic frameworks for biomedical applications and treatment of emerging pollutants: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167295. [PMID: 37742958 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
One of the representative coordination polymers, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) material, is of hotspot interest in the multi field thanks to their unique structural characteristics and properties. As a novel hierarchical structural class, MOFs show diverse topologies, intrinsic behaviors, flexibility, etc. However, bare MOFs have less desirable biofunction, high humid sensitivity and instability in water, restraining their efficiencies in biomedical and environmental applications. Thus, a structural modification is required to address such drawbacks. Herein, we pinpoint new strategies in the synthesis and functionalization of MOFs to meet demanding requirements in in vitro tests, i.e., antibacterial face masks against corona virus infection and in wound healing and nanocarriers for drug delivery in anticancer. Regarding the treatment of wastewater containing emerging pollutants such as POPs, PFAS, and PPCPs, functionalized MOFs showed excellent performance with high efficiency and selectivity. Challenges in toxicity, vast database of clinical trials for biomedical tests and production cost can be still presented. MOFs-based composites can be, however, a bright candidate for reasonable replacement of traditional nanomaterials in biomedical and wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoan Thi Thao Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam; Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Science, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duyen Thi Cam Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam
| | - Thuan Van Tran
- Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 298-300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City 755414, Vietnam.
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12
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Nassazzi W, Wu TC, Jass J, Lai FY, Ahrens L. Phytoextraction of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and the influence of supplements on the performance of short-rotation crops. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 333:122038. [PMID: 37321315 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anthropogenic compounds threatening water quality and food safety worldwide. Phytoremediation is a nature-based, cost-effective, and scalable solution with high potential for treating PFAS-contaminated sites. However, there is a large knowledge gap regarding choice of plant species and methods to enhance performance. This study assessed the PFAS phytoextraction potential of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), mustard (Brassica juncea), and industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) in a greenhouse experiment, using inorganic fertilizer and a microbial mixture as supplements. PFAS concentrations were measured using UPLC-MS/MS, and bioconcentration factors for different plant tissues and removal efficiency were determined. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) accumulation was 0.4-360 times higher than that of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (PFSA) homologues of similar perfluorocarbon chain length. Inorganic fertilizer significantly (p < 0.001) reduced PFAS concentration in all plant tissues, whereas the microbial mixture tested did not affect PFAS concentration. PFAS uptake ranged from 0.2 to 33% per crop cycle. Overall, the potential number of crop cycles required for removal of 90% of individual PFAS ranged from six (PFPeA) to 232 (PFOA) using sunflower, 15 (PFPeA) to 466 (PFOS) using mustard and nine (PFPeA) to 420 (PFOS) using Hemp. In this study, the percentage of PFAS removal by plants was determined, and an estimation of the time required for PFAS phytoextraction was determined for the first time. This information is important for practical phytoremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Nassazzi
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Tien-Chi Wu
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jana Jass
- The Life Science Center - Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lutz Ahrens
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Box 7050, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Dai M, Yan N, Brusseau ML. Potential impact of bacteria on the transport of PFAS in porous media. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 243:120350. [PMID: 37499541 PMCID: PMC10530518 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The transport and fate of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in soil and groundwater is a topic of critical concern. A number of factors and processes may influence the transport and fate of PFAS in porous media. One factor that has received minimal attention to date is the impact of bacteria on the retention and transport of PFAS, which is the focus of this current study. The first part of this work comprised a critical review of prior studies to delineate observed PFAS-bacteria interactions and to summarize the mechanisms of PFAS sorption and retention by bacteria. Retention of PFAS by bacteria can occur through sorption onto cell surfaces and/or by incorporation into the cell interior. Factors such as the molecular structure of PFAS, solution chemistry, and bacterial species can affect the magnitude of PFAS sorption. The influence of bacteria on the retention and transport of PFAS was investigated in the second part of the study with a series of batch and miscible-displacement experiments. Batch experiments were conducted using Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis to quantify the sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS). The results indicated that both bacteria showed strong adsorption of PFOS, with no significant difference in adsorption capacity. Miscible-displacement experiments were then conducted to examine the retention and transport of PFOS in both untreated sand and sand inoculated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Bacillus subtilis for 1 and 3 days. The transport of PFOS exhibited greater retardation for the experiments with inoculated sand. Furthermore, the enhanced sorption was greater for the 3-day inoculation compared to the 1-day, indicating that biomass is an important factor affecting PFOS transport. A mathematical model representing transport with nonlinear and rate-limited sorption successfully simulated the observed PFOS transport. This study highlights the need for future studies to evaluate the effect of bacteria on the transport of PFAS in soil and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengfan Dai
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ni Yan
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.
| | - Mark L Brusseau
- Environmental Science Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States; Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, United States.
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14
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Muerdter C, Powers MM, Webb DT, Chowdhury S, Roach KE, LeFevre GH. Functional Group Properties and Position Drive Differences in Xenobiotic Plant Uptake Rates, but Metabolism Shares a Similar Pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS 2023; 10:596-603. [PMID: 37455864 PMCID: PMC10339724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.3c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Plant uptake of xenobiotic compounds is crucial for phytoremediation (including green stormwater infrastructure) and exposure potential during crop irrigation with recycled water. Experimentally determining the plant uptake for every relevant chemical is impractical; therefore, illuminating the role of specific functional groups on the uptake of trace organic contaminants is needed to enhance predictive power. We used benzimidazole derivatives to probe the impact of functional group electrostatic properties and position on plant uptake and metabolism using the hydroponic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The greatest plant uptake rates occurred with an electron-withdrawing functional group at the 2 position; however, uptake was still observed with an electron-donating group. An electron-donating group at the 1 position significantly slowed uptake for both benzimidazole- and benzotriazole-based molecules used in this study, indicating possible steric effects. For unsubstituted benzimidazole and benzotriazole structures, the additional heterocyclic nitrogen in benzotriazole increased plant uptake rates compared to benzimidazole. Analysis of quantitative structure-activity relationship parameters for the studied compounds implicates energy-related molecular descriptors as uptake drivers. Despite significantly varied uptake rates, compounds with different functional groups yielded shared metabolites, including an impact on endogenous glutathione production. Although the topic is complex and influenced by multiple factors in the field, this study provides insights into the impact of functional groups on plant uptake, with implications for environmental fate and consumer exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire
P. Muerdter
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Megan M. Powers
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Danielle T. Webb
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Sraboni Chowdhury
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kaitlyn E. Roach
- University
of Iowa Secondary Student Training Program, Belin-Blank Center, 600 Blank Honors Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Gregory H. LeFevre
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Iowa, 4105 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- IIHR-Hydroscience
and Engineering, The University of Iowa, 100 C. Maxwell Stanley Hydraulics
Laboratory, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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15
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Yu L, Hua Z, Liu X, Chen L, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Dong Y, Xue H. The addition of iron-carbon enhances the removal of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in constructed wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 327:121534. [PMID: 37001598 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), particularly perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), have become ubiquitous environmental persistent organic contaminants, posing serious threats to environmental health, which has led to the development of PFAA treatment methods. Wetland construction in combination with iron-carbon (CW-I), a low-maintenance and high-efficiency technology, may be capable of removing PFAAs through physico-biochemical processes. In this study, we aim to investigate the removal efficiency of PFAAs by CW-I as well as the critical functions of all components within the wetlands. Pairwise comparisons of iron-carbon and control groups revealed that iron-carbon significantly enhanced 15.9% for PFOA and 17.9% for PFOS absorption through phytouptake and substrate adsorption, with respective removal efficiencies of 71.8% ± 1.03% and 85.8% ± 1.56%. The generated iron ions stimulated plant growth and further enhanced phytouptake of PFAAs, with PFAAs accumulated primarily in root tissues with limited translocation. Observations of batch adsorption suggest that chemical and electrostatic interactions are involved in the iron-carbon adsorption process, with film and intraparticle diffusions being the rate-limiting events. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that PFAA adsorption by substrates occurs at the molecular level, as well as the occurrence of hydrophobic force effects and ligand exchanges during the iron-carbon adsorption process. Additionally, iron-carbon significantly altered the genera, phyla, and community structure of microorganisms, and some microorganisms and their extracellular polymers may possess ability to bind PFAAs. The information provided in this study contributes to our understanding of the PFAA removal processes in CW-I and enriched the classical cases of PFAA removal by CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zulin Hua
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Luying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yixin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yueyang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Hongqin Xue
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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16
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Ma H, Kang Y, Li M, Dong J, Wang Y, Xiao J, Guo Z. Enhancement of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulphonic acid removal in constructed wetland using iron mineral: Performance and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130819. [PMID: 36680904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pose a threat to the aquatic environment due to their environmental persistence. The removal of PFAS using constructed wetlands (CWs) has received interest, but the adsorption saturation and limited removal capacity of the substrate is frequently challenging. To enhance the microbial degradation and performance of the substrate, different configurations of iron minerals were used as substrate to remove perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) from CWs. The addition of iron minerals resulted in elimination of 57.2% and 63.9% of PFOS and PFOA in the effluent, respectively, which were 35.0% and 36.8% higher than that of control. Moreover, up to 85.4%, 86%, and 85.1% of NH4+, NO3-, and phosphorus, respectively, was removed using iron minerals. The enhanced electron transfer in iron mineral-based CWs was confirmed by a 61.2% increase in cytochrome C reductase content and an increased Fe(III)/Fe(II) ratio. Microbial analysis showed that the proportions of microbes with PFAS removal capacity (e.g. Burkholderiae and Pseudomonas), and the key pathways of the TCA cycle and glycolysis were increased in iron mineral-based CW. Based on these findings, we conclude that supplementation with iron mineral could enhance PFOA and PFOS removal in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqin Ma
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yan Kang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Mei Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jiahao Dong
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yuqi Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jingqian Xiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Zizhang Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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17
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Yang L, Zhong W, Zhu L. Direct evidence of the important role of proteins in bioconcentration and biomagnification of PFASs in benthic organisms based on comparison with OPEs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:161012. [PMID: 36549529 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite the wide acceptance that bioconcentration and biomagnification of per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is related to proteins in organisms, few direct evidences are available. Here, bioconcentration and biomagnification of 9 organophosphate esters (OPEs) and 16 PFASs, which have similar range of log Kow (octanol-water partitioning coefficient) values, were compared in the benthic food chain of biofilm-snail in Taihu Lake, China. The ∑OPEs level in water (150-23,036 ng/L) was significantly higher than ∑PFASs (57.3-351 ng/L). Although the logarithm of bioconcentration factors of both OPEs and PFASs in biofilm positively correlated with their log Kow, the slope of PFASs was 4 times of that of OPEs, which might be due to the strong interactions of PFASs with biofilm extracellular proteins. Additionally, PFASs exhibited distinctly greater biomagnification factors from biofilm to snails (3.09-17.8) than OPEs (0.39-3.48). Significant correlations between the concentrations and protein contents in snails were observed for most long-chain PFASs, but not for any OPEs. Multiple receptor models identified polyurethane foam (77.9 %) and food packaging/metal plating (56.9 %) were the primary sources of OPEs and PFASs in Taihu Lake, respectively. We provided strong and direct evidences that proteins facilitated bioconcentration and biomagnification of PFASs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Liping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, PR China.
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18
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Anand S, Hallsworth JE, Timmis J, Verstraete W, Casadevall A, Ramos JL, Sood U, Kumar R, Hira P, Dogra Rawat C, Kumar A, Lal S, Lal R, Timmis K. Weaponising microbes for peace. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:1091-1111. [PMID: 36880421 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is much human disadvantage and unmet need in the world, including deficits in basic resources and services considered to be human rights, such as drinking water, sanitation and hygiene, healthy nutrition, access to basic healthcare, and a clean environment. Furthermore, there are substantive asymmetries in the distribution of key resources among peoples. These deficits and asymmetries can lead to local and regional crises among peoples competing for limited resources, which, in turn, can become sources of discontent and conflict. Such conflicts have the potential to escalate into regional wars and even lead to global instability. Ergo: in addition to moral and ethical imperatives to level up, to ensure that all peoples have basic resources and services essential for healthy living and to reduce inequalities, all nations have a self-interest to pursue with determination all available avenues to promote peace through reducing sources of conflicts in the world. Microorganisms and pertinent microbial technologies have unique and exceptional abilities to provide, or contribute to the provision of, basic resources and services that are lacking in many parts of the world, and thereby address key deficits that might constitute sources of conflict. However, the deployment of such technologies to this end is seriously underexploited. Here, we highlight some of the key available and emerging technologies that demand greater consideration and exploitation in endeavours to eliminate unnecessary deprivations, enable healthy lives of all and remove preventable grounds for competition over limited resources that can escalate into conflicts in the world. We exhort central actors: microbiologists, funding agencies and philanthropic organisations, politicians worldwide and international governmental and non-governmental organisations, to engage - in full partnership - with all relevant stakeholders, to 'weaponise' microbes and microbial technologies to fight resource deficits and asymmetries, in particular among the most vulnerable populations, and thereby create humanitarian conditions more conducive to harmony and peace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailly Anand
- Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - John E Hallsworth
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - James Timmis
- Athena Institute for Research on Innovation and Communication in Health and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willy Verstraete
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Utkarsh Sood
- Department of Zoology, Kirori Mal College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Post-Graduate Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
| | - Princy Hira
- Department of Zoology, Maitreyi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Charu Dogra Rawat
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Abhilash Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Ramjas College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sukanya Lal
- PhiXgen Pvt. Ltd, Gurugram, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Acharya Narendra Dev College, University of Delhi, Govindpuri, Kalkaji, New Delhi, India
| | - Kenneth Timmis
- Institute of Microbiology, Technical University Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
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19
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Kasprzyk M, Szpakowski W, Poznańska E, Boogaard FC, Bobkowska K, Gajewska M. Technical solutions and benefits of introducing rain gardens - Gdańsk case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155487. [PMID: 35483461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) are developing as innovative multifunctional tools to maximize urban ecosystem services such as storm water preservation, reduction of runoff and flood protection, groundwater pollution prevention, biodiversity enhancement, and microclimate control. Gdańsk is one of the first Polish cities to widely introduce rain gardens (one example of an NBS) in different areas such as parks, city center, main crossroads, and car parks. They involve different technical innovations individually tailored to local architecture, including historic buildings and spaces. Gdańskie Wody, which is responsible for storm water management in the city, adopted a pioneering strategy and started the construction of the first rain garden in 2018. Currently, there are a dozen rain gardens in the city, and this organisation's policy stipulates the construction of NBSs in new housing estates without building rainwater drainage. Various types of rain gardens can be created depending on location characteristics such as geo-hydrology, as well as local conditions and needs. Furthermore, each of them might be equipped with specific technical solutions to improve the rain garden's function - for example, an oil separator or setter can be included to absorb the initial, most polluted runoff. During winter, the large amount of sodium chloride usually used to grit the roads may pose the greatest threat to biodiversity and plants. These installations have been included in a large rain garden in Gdańsk, located in the central reservation of the main streets in the city center. This work presents various technical considerations and their impact on ecosystem functions, and the urban circularity challenges provided by rain gardens operating in different technologies and surroundings. The precipitation quantity and the following infiltration rate were estimated by installing pressure transducers. Furthermore, mitigation of the urban heat island was analysed based on remote sensing images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Kasprzyk
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; EcoTech Center, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Szpakowski
- Gdańskie Wody, prof. Witolda Andruszkiewicza St. 5, 80-601 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Geotechnical and Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza st. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Eliza Poznańska
- Gdańskie Wody, prof. Witolda Andruszkiewicza St. 5, 80-601 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Floris C Boogaard
- Department Research Centre for Built Environment NoorderRuimte, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Zernikeplein 7, P.O. Box 30030, Groningen, the Netherlands; Deltares, Daltonlaan 600, 3584 BK Utrecht Postbus, 85467 3508 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Katarzyna Bobkowska
- EcoTech Center, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; Department of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gajewska
- Department of Environmental Engineering Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland; EcoTech Center, Narutowicza St. 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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20
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Zhu J, Wallis I, Guan H, Ross K, Whiley H, Fallowfield H. Juncus sarophorus, a native Australian species, tolerates and accumulates PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS in a glasshouse experiment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154184. [PMID: 35231527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been identified as emerging contaminants of public health concern. With PFAS now detected globally in a wide range of environments, there is an urgent need for effective remedial treatment solutions at the field scale. Phytoremediation presents a potential remediation strategy for PFAS that would allow efficient and cost-effective remediation at large scales. This study examined the potential for the Australian native wetland plant Juncus sarophorus to tolerate, take up, and accumulate PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS. A 190-day glasshouse experiment was conducted, in which 0, 10 and 100 μg/L each of PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS were used to irrigate J. sarophorus in potted soil. The results suggest that J. sarophorus has a high tolerance to PFAS and is effective at accumulating and transferring PFHxS and PFOA from soils to above ground biomass. Together with its high growth rate, J. sarophorus appears to be, in principle, a suitable candidate for phytoextraction of short-chained PFAS compounds. It is, however, less efficient at uptake of PFOS, owing to the long chain-lengths of this compound and PFOSs' ability to sorb effectively to soils. The total accumulated PFAS mass at the end of the experiment was ~2000 μg/kg biota(wet weight) and ~170 μg/kg biota(wet weight) for soils irrigated with 100 μg/L and 10 μg/L for each PFAS compound, translating into overall PFAS removal rates of 11% and 9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhu
- School of Earth Sciences and Geospatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Ilka Wallis
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Huade Guan
- National Centre for Groundwater Research and Training, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Kirstin Ross
- Environmental Health, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Harriet Whiley
- Environmental Health, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Howard Fallowfield
- Environmental Health, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, P.O. Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
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21
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Awad J, Brunetti G, Juhasz A, Williams M, Navarro D, Drigo B, Bougoure J, Vanderzalm J, Beecham S. Application of native plants in constructed floating wetlands as a passive remediation approach for PFAS-impacted surface water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 429:128326. [PMID: 35101757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strategies for remediation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) generally prioritise highly contaminated source areas. However, the mobility of PFAS in the environment often results in extensive low-level contamination of surface waters across broad areas. Constructed Floating Wetlands (CFWs) promote the growth of plants in buoyant structures where pollutants are assimilated into plant biomass. This study examined the hydroponic growth of Juncus krausii, Baumea articulata and Phragmites australis over a 28-day period for remediation of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) contaminated (0.2 µg/L to 30 µg/L) urban stormwater. With increasing PFOA and PFOS concentrations, accumulation in plant species increased although root and shoot distribution varied depending on PFAS functional group. Less PFOA than PFOS accumulated in plant roots (0.006-0.16 versus 0.008-0.68 µg/g), while more PFOA accumulated in the plant shoots (0.02-0.55 versus 0.01-0.16 µg/g) indicating translocation to upper plant portions. Phragmites australis accumulated the highest overall plant tissue concentrations of PFOA and PFOS. The NanoSIMS data demonstrated that PFAS associated with roots and shoots was absorbed and not just surface bound. These results illustrate that CFWs have the potential to be used to reduce PFAS contaminants in surface waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Awad
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia; CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Gianluca Brunetti
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Mike Williams
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Divina Navarro
- CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Barbara Drigo
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Jeremy Bougoure
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | | | - Simon Beecham
- University of South Australia, Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
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22
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Assessment of Reed Grasses (Phragmites australis) Performance in PFAS Removal from Water: A Phytoremediation Pilot Plant Study. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have multiple emission sources, from industrial to domestic, and their high persistence and mobility help them to spread in all the networks of watercourses. Diffuse pollution of these compounds can be potentially mitigated by the application of green infrastructures, which are a pillar of the EU Green Deal. In this context, a phytoremediation pilot plant was realised and supplied by a contaminated well-located in Lonigo (Veneto Region, Italy) where surface and groundwaters were significantly impacted by perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) discharges from a fluorochemical factory. The investigation involved the detection of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) inside the inlet and outlet waters of the phytoremediation pilot plant as well as in reed grasses grown into its main tank. The obtained results demonstrate that the pilot plant is able to reduce up to 50% of considered PFAAs in terms of mass flow without an evident dependence on physico-chemical characteristics of these contaminants. Moreover, PFAAs were found in the exposed reed grasses at concentrations up to 13 ng g−1 ww. A positive correlation between PFAA concentration in plants and exposure time was also observed. In conclusion, this paper highlights the potential efficiency of phytodepuration in PFAS removal and recommends improving the knowledge about its application in constructed wetlands as a highly sustainable choice in wastewater remediation.
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23
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Xu Z, Ma X, Wei Z, Ren G, Wu Z, Man Q, Zhou B, Liu H, Yuan D. A novel fate and transport model for evaluating the presence and environmental risk of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) among multi-media in Lingang hybrid constructed wetland, Tianjin, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132724. [PMID: 34718013 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Accurately revealing and predicting the presence and risks of per-/poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in constructed wetlands (CWs) is great significant for the construction and management of CWs, but very challenging. In this work, a novel fate and transport model was for the first time established to evaluate the spatially continuous distribution and environmental risks of PFASs among multi-media in Lingang hybrid CW fed by industry tailwater. 20 PFASs were detected from the Lingang CW, and the total concentration of the detected PFASs in water and sediments were in the range of 38.94-81.65 ng/L and 1.23-4.31 ng/g, respectively. PFOA, PFOS and PFBS were the main pollutants in water and sediments. A fate and transport model describing the distribution characteristics and fate of PFASs in Lingang hybrid CW was constructed, and its reliability was verified. The simulated results suggested that PFASs were mainly accumulated in sediments and long-chain PFASs were more easily adsorbed by sediments compared with short-chain PFASs. According to the principal component analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR), PFASs mainly came from the tailwater from the surrounding sewage treatment plants. Besides, the environmental risks were predicted by this novel model, suggesting that the risks still cannot be neglected due to the accumulation and continuous input of PFASs although the environmental risks of Lingang CW were low. This work provides a novel model for the understanding of presence and risks of PFASs among multi-media in CWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Xu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zizhang Wei
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Zhineng Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Quanli Man
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Honglei Liu
- Tianjin Academy of Environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Dekui Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China
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24
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Tang KHD, Kristanti RA. Bioremediation of perfluorochemicals: current state and the way forward. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2022; 45:1093-1109. [PMID: 35098376 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-022-02694-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorochemicals are widely found in the environment due to their versatile uses and persistent nature. Perfluorochemicals have also been detected in human and animals due to direct or indirect exposures, giving rise to health concerns. This review aims to examine the bioremediation of perfluorochemicals with plants, bacteria and fungi, including their efficiency and limitations. It also aims to propose the future prospects of bioremediation of perfluorochemicals. This review retrieved peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2010 and 2021 from journal databases consisting of Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect. This review shows that multiple Pseudomonas species could degrade perfluorochemicals particularly perfluoroalkyl acids under aerobic condition. Acidimicrobium sp. degraded perfluoroalkyl acids anaerobically in the presence of electron donors. A mixed Pseudomonas culture was more effective than pure cultures. Multiple plants were found to bioconcentrate perfluorochemicals and many demonstrated the ability to hyperaccumulate perfluoroalkyl acids, particularly Festuca rubra, Salix nigra and Betula nigra. Fungal species, particularly Pseudeurotium sp. and Geomyces sp., have the potential to degrade perfluorooctanoic acid or perfluorooctane sulphonic acid. Perfluorochemicals bioremediation could be advanced with identification of more candidate species for bioremediation, optimization of bioremediation conditions, mixed culturing, experiments with environmental media and studies on the biochemical pathways of biotransformation. This review provides comprehensive insight into the efficiency of different bacterial, plant and fungal species in perfluorochemicals bioremediation under different conditions, their limitations and improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuok Ho Daniel Tang
- Environmental Science Program, Division of Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University-Hong Kong Baptist University United International College, 2000 Jintong Road, Tangjiawan, Zhuhai, 519087, GD, China.
| | - Risky Ayu Kristanti
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
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