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Rodrigues ARF, Silva ME, Silva VF, Maia MRG, Cabrita ARJ, Trindade H, Fonseca AJM, Pereira JLS. Implications of seasonal and daily variation on methane and ammonia emissions from naturally ventilated dairy cattle barns in a Mediterranean climate: A two-year study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:173734. [PMID: 38857805 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Seasonal and daily variations of gaseous emissions from naturally ventilated dairy cattle barns are important figures for the establishment of effective and specific mitigation plans. The present study aimed to measure methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) emissions in three naturally ventilated dairy cattle barns covering the four seasons for two consecutive years. In each barn, air samples from five indoor locations were drawn by a multipoint sampler to a photoacoustic infrared multigas monitor, along with temperature and relative humidity. Milk production data were also recorded. Results showed seasonal differences for CH4 and NH3 emissions in the three barns with no clear trends within years. Globally, diel CH4 emissions increased in the daytime with high intra-hour variability. The average hourly CH4 emissions (g h-1 livestock unit-1 (LU)) varied from 8.1 to 11.2 and 6.2 to 20.3 in the dairy barn 1, from 10.1 to 31.4 and 10.9 to 22.8 in the dairy barn 2, and from 1.5 to 8.2 and 13.1 to 22.1 in the dairy barn 3, respectively, in years 1 and 2. Diel NH3 emissions highly varied within hours and increased in the daytime. The average hourly NH3 emissions (g h-1 LU-1) varied from 0.78 to 1.56 and 0.50 to 1.38 in the dairy barn 1, from 1.04 to 3.40 and 0.93 to 1.98 in the dairy barn 2, and from 0.66 to 1.32 and 1.67 to 1.73 in the dairy barn 3, respectively, in years 1 and 2. Moreover, the emission factors of CH4 and NH3 were 309.5 and 30.6 (g day-1 LU-1), respectively, for naturally ventilated dairy cattle barns. Overall, this study provided a detailed characterization of seasonal and daily gaseous emissions variations highlighting the need for future longitudinal emission studies and identifying an opportunity to better adequate the existing mitigation strategies according to season and daytime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R F Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Eduarda Silva
- University of Porto, School of Economics and Management, LIADD-INESC TEC, R. Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-464 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa F Silva
- University of Porto, Faculty of Sciences, CRACS-INESC TEC, R. Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida R G Maia
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R J Cabrita
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henrique Trindade
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António J M Fonseca
- REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, R. de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José L S Pereira
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Agrarian Higher School of Viseu, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Quinta da Alagoa, 3500-606 Viseu, Portugal; CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, Campus Politécnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
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Zhang Z, Sun Y, Zhong X, Zhu J, Yang S, Gu Y, Yu X, Lu Y, Lu Z, Sun X, Wang M. Dietary crude protein and protein solubility manipulation enhances intestinal nitrogen absorption and mitigates reactive nitrogen emissions through gut microbiota and metabolome reprogramming in sheep. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 18:57-71. [PMID: 39035982 PMCID: PMC11260031 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Dietary nutrient manipulation (e.g. protein fractions) could lower the environmental footprints of ruminants, especially reactive nitrogen (N). This study investigated the impacts of dietary soluble protein (SP) levels with decreased crude protein (CP) on intestinal N absorption, hindgut N metabolism, fecal microbiota and metabolites, and their linkage with N metabolism phenotype. Thirty-two male Hu sheep, with an age of six months and an initial BW of 40.37 ± 1.18 kg, were randomly assigned to four dietary groups. The control diet (CON), aligning with NRC standards, maintained a CP content of 16.7% on a dry matter basis. Conversely, the experimental diets (LPA, LPB, and LPC) featured a 10% reduction in CP compared with CON, accompanied by SP adjustments to 21.2%, 25.9%, and 29.4% of CP, respectively. Our results showed that low-protein diets led to significant reductions in the concentrations of plasma creatinine, ammonia, urea N, and fecal total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) (P < 0.05). Notably, LPB and LPC exhibited increased total SCFA and propionate concentrations compared with LPA (P < 0.05). The enrichment of the Prevotella genus in fecal microbiota associated with energy metabolism and amino acid (AA) biosynthesis pathways was evident with SP levels in low-protein diets of approximately 25% to 30%. Moreover, LPB and LPC diets demonstrated a decrease in fecalNH 4 + -N andNO 2 - -N contents as well as urease activity, compared with CON (P < 0.05). Concomitantly, reductions in fecal glutamic acid dehydrogenase gene (gdh), nitrite reductase gene (nirS), and nitric oxide reductase gene (norB) abundances were observed (P < 0.05), pointing towards a potential reduction in reactive N production at the source. Of significance, the up-regulation of mRNA abundance of AA and peptide transporters in the small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum) and the elevated concentration of plasma AA (e.g. arginine, methionine, aspartate, glutamate, etc.) underscored the enhancement of N absorption and N efficiency. In summary, a 10% reduction in CP, coupled with an SP level of approximately 25% to 30%, demonstrated the potential to curtail reactive N emissions through fecal Prevotella enrichment and improve intestinal energy and N utilization efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Yiquan Sun
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xinhuang Zhong
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yalan Gu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Shanghai Frontan Animal Health Co., Ltd., Shanghai, 201502, China
| | - Xiang Yu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yue Lu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Zhiqi Lu
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- AgResearch (Grasslands Research Centre), Palmerston North, 4410, New Zealand
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
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Wei J, Hong Z, Li W, Yang X, Fu Z, Chen X, Hu J, Jin Z, Long B, Chang X, Qian Y. Norfloxacin affects inorganic nitrogen compound transformation in tailwater containing Corbicula fluminea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135116. [PMID: 39013323 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, commonly used in engineered wetlands receiving tailwater, affects nitrogen compound transformation in water. This study investigates how a commonly observed antibiotic in tailwater, norfloxacin, impact nitrogen compound transformation in tailwater containing C. fluminea. The clam was exposed to artificial tailwater with norfloxacin (0, 0.2, 20, and 2000 μg/L) for 15 days. Water properties, C. fluminea ecotoxicity responses, microorganism composition and nitrification- or denitrification-related enzyme activities were measured. Results revealed norfloxacin-induced increases and reductions in tailwater NH4+ and NO2- concentrations, respectively, along with antioxidant system inhibition, organ histopathological damage and disruption of water filtering and digestion system. Microorganism composition, especially biodiversity indices, varied with medium (clam organs and exposure water) and norfloxacin concentrations. Norfloxacin reduced NO2- content by lowering the ratio between microbial nitrifying enzyme (decreased hydroxylamine oxidoreductase and nitrite oxidoreductase activity) and denitrifying enzyme (increased nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase activity) in tailwater. Elevated NH4+ content resulted from upregulated ammonification and inhibited nitrification of microorganisms in tailwater, as well as increased ammonia emission from C. fluminea due to organ damage and metabolic disruption of the digestion system. Overall, this study offers insights into using benthic organisms to treat tailwater with antibiotic residues, especially regarding nitrogen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Wei
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China; Institute of International Institute of Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Zijin Hong
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Wei Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Xiufang Yang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Zihao Fu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China; Institute of International Institute of Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Junxiang Hu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Zhangnan Jin
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Bojiang Long
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China; Institute of International Institute of Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, China.
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Van den Bossche T, Goossens K, Ampe B, Tamassia LFM, De Boever JL, Vandaele L. Effect of supplementing an α-amylase enzyme or a blend of essential oil components on the performance, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen balance of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:4509-4523. [PMID: 38369111 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-24073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Lowering dietary protein content is a promising strategy to reduce N excretions in cattle but it requires improved N utilization by the animal. Feed enzymes (e.g., exogenous α-amylase) and plant extracts (e.g., essential oils [EO]) are 2 additives that may enhance rumen function and possibly also microbial protein yield. This may increase fat- and protein-corrected milk yield (MY) and milk nitrogen efficiency and thus lower N losses from dairy cows. Both types of additives were studied in an experiment including 39 Holstein cows that had (average ± SD) 40.7 ± 7.95 kg/d MY, 89 ± 43 DIM, 2.7 ± 1.5 lactations, and 677 ± 68.6 kg of BW, consisting of a covariate (4 wk) and treatment period (5 wk). During the whole experiment cows were fed a typical Benelux diet (CTRL), supplemented with concentrates to meet individual requirements for energy and MP, which were fulfilled for 100% and 101%, respectively. The total diet was low in CP (15.5%) and relatively high in starch (22.6% and 6.6% rumen bypass starch). Cows were balanced for parity, DIM, MY, and roughage intake and randomly assigned to one of 3 groups, which received the following treatments in the treatment period: (1) CTRL (n = 13); (2) CTRL + 14 g/cow per day Ronozyme RumiStar α-amylase enzyme (AMEZ, n = 13; DSM); and (3) CTRL + 2.5 g/cow per day Crina Protect, a blend of EO components (ESOL, n = 13; DSM). Animal performance, ruminal pH, and enteric gas emissions were monitored throughout the experiment. During the last week of the covariate and treatment periods, nitrogen balances were conducted, total-tract nutrient digestibility was determined, and urinary allantoin and uric acid were determined as indicators for microbial N production. The statistical model applied to these variables contained group and DIM during treatment period as fixed effects and the values from the covariate period as covariate. Post hoc Dunnet-corrected comparisons between each treatment group and the control group were explored. The α-amylase enzyme tended to increase apparent total-tract starch digestibility and increased milk lactose concentration. The EO blend tended to increase MY and increased milk N output, milk nitrogen efficiency, and feed efficiency. Therefore, when feeding reduced dietary protein levels, EO have potential to improve the N-use efficiency in cattle, whereas the α-amylase enzyme might increase starch digestibility and milk lactose. However, additional research is necessary to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Van den Bossche
- Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - K Goossens
- Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - B Ampe
- Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | | | - J L De Boever
- Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium
| | - L Vandaele
- Flanders Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), 9090 Melle, Belgium.
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Yu Q, Wang H, Qin L, Wang T, Zhang Y, Sun Y. Interpretable machine learning reveals microbiome signatures strongly associated with dairy cow milk urea nitrogen. iScience 2024; 27:109955. [PMID: 38840841 PMCID: PMC11152649 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in the healthy and efficient farming of dairy cows. However, high-dimensional microbial information is difficult to interpret in a simplified manner. We collected fecal samples from 161 cows and performed 16S amplicon sequencing. We developed an interpretable machine learning framework to classify individuals based on their milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentrations. In this framework, we address the challenge of handling high-dimensional microbial data imbalances and identify 9 microorganisms strongly correlated with MUN. We introduce the Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method to provide insights into the machine learning predictions. The results of the study showed that the performance of the machine learning model improved (accuracy = 72.7%) after feature selection on high-dimensional data. Among the 9 microorganisms, g__Firmicutes_unclassified had the greatest impact in the model. This study provides a reference for precision animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Yu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Linqing Qin
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yonggen Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yukun Sun
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agriculture University, Harbin 150030, China
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Vadroňová M, Šťovíček A, Výborná A, Tyrolová Y, Tichá D, Joch M. Insights into Effects of Combined Capric and Lauric Acid on Rumen Bacterial Composition. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1085. [PMID: 38930467 PMCID: PMC11206137 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used next-generation sequencing to assess the impact of combined capric acid (C10) and lauric acid (C12) on the ruminal bacterial composition. Eight Holstein cows were randomly assigned to two groups using a cross-over design. The cows were fed two silage-based diets with the addition of either 100 g of stearic acid per cow per day (control), or 50 g of capric acid and 50 g of lauric acid per cow per day (C10 + C12). On day 18, 250 mL of rumen fluid was collected from each cow, and DNA was isolated, amplified, and sequenced. Treatment did not alter bacterial diversity indices, the relative abundance of archaea, nor the fiber-degrading microorganisms, except for a decrease in Fibrobacter (from 2.9% to 0.7%; p = 0.04). The relative abundance of Prevotellaceae decreased (from 39.9% to 29.6%; p = 0.009), which is notable because some members help to efficiently utilize ammonia by releasing it slowly into the rumen. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Clostridia increased (from 28.4% to 41.5%; p = 0.008), which may have aided the increased ammonia-nitrogen levels in the rumen, as this class contains hyperammonia-producing members. Our study reveals alterations in bacterial abundances with implications for rumen ammonia levels, offering insights into potential strategies for modulating rumen fermentation processes and methane production in ruminant livestock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Vadroňová
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Adam Šťovíček
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
| | - Alena Výborná
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yvona Tyrolová
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Denisa Tichá
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
| | - Miroslav Joch
- Department of Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.V.); (A.Š.); (D.T.)
- Department of Nutrition and Feeding of Farm Animals, Institute of Animal Science, Přátelství 815, 104 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (A.V.); (Y.T.)
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Wu M, Luo Y, Yao Y, Ji W, Xia X. Multidimensional analysis of wheat original crucial endogenous enzymes driving microbial communities metabolism during high-temperature Daqu fermentation. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 413:110589. [PMID: 38281434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of the metabolism of functional enzymes is the key to accelerate the transformation and utilization of raw materials during high temperature Daqu (HTD) manufacturing. However, the metabolic contribution of raw materials-wheat is always neglected. In this research, the relationship between the metabolism of wheat and microorganisms was investigated using physicochemical and sequencing analysis method. Results showed that the process of Daqu generation was divided into three stages based on temperature. In the early stage, a positive correlation was found between Monascus, Rhizopus and glucoamylase metabolism (r > 0.8, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the glucoamylase metabolism in wheat occupied 63.8 % of the total matrix at the day 4. In the middle to later stages, the wheat metabolism of proteases, α-amylases and lipases in gradually reached their peak. Additionally, Lactobacillus and α-amylases presented a positive correlation (r > 0.7, p < 0.05), and the α-amylases metabolism in wheat occupied 22.18 % of the total matrix during the same time period. More importantly, the changes of enzyme activity metabolic pathway in wheat and microorganism were reflected by respiratory entropy (RQ). Overall, these results guide the choice of substrate during Daqu production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yi Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Yongqi Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Ji
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xiaole Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300000, PR China.
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Liang J, Zhang R, Chang J, Chen L, Nabi M, Zhang H, Zhang G, Zhang P. Rumen microbes, enzymes, metabolisms, and application in lignocellulosic waste conversion - A comprehensive review. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 71:108308. [PMID: 38211664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2024.108308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The rumen of ruminants is a natural anaerobic fermentation system that efficiently degrades lignocellulosic biomass and mainly depends on synergistic interactions between multiple microbes and their secreted enzymes. Ruminal microbes have been employed as biomass waste converters and are receiving increasing attention because of their degradation performance. To explore the application of ruminal microbes and their secreted enzymes in biomass waste, a comprehensive understanding of these processes is required. Based on the degradation capacity and mechanism of ruminal microbes and their secreted lignocellulose enzymes, this review concentrates on elucidating the main enzymatic strategies that ruminal microbes use for lignocellulose degradation, focusing mainly on polysaccharide metabolism-related gene loci and cellulosomes. Hydrolysis, acidification, methanogenesis, interspecific H2 transfer, and urea cycling in ruminal metabolism are also discussed. Finally, we review the research progress on the conversion of biomass waste into biofuels (bioethanol, biohydrogen, and biomethane) and value-added chemicals (organic acids) by ruminal microbes. This review aims to provide new ideas and methods for ruminal microbe and enzyme applications, biomass waste conversion, and global energy shortage alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Liang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianning Chang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Le Chen
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Mohammad Nabi
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Guangming Zhang
- School of Energy & Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Panyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Qi W, Xue MY, Jia MH, Zhang S, Yan Q, Sun HZ. - Invited Review - Understanding the functionality of the rumen microbiota: searching for better opportunities for rumen microbial manipulation. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:370-384. [PMID: 38186256 PMCID: PMC10838668 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rumen microbiota play a central role in the digestive process of ruminants. Their remarkable ability to break down complex plant fibers and proteins, converting them into essential organic compounds that provide animals with energy and nutrition. Research on rumen microbiota not only contributes to improving animal production performance and enhancing feed utilization efficiency but also holds the potential to reduce methane emissions and environmental impact. Nevertheless, studies on rumen microbiota face numerous challenges, including complexity, difficulties in cultivation, and obstacles in functional analysis. This review provides an overview of microbial species involved in the degradation of macromolecules, the fermentation processes, and methane production in the rumen, all based on cultivation methods. Additionally, the review introduces the applications, advantages, and limitations of emerging omics technologies such as metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics, and metabolomics, in investigating the functionality of rumen microbiota. Finally, the article offers a forward-looking perspective on the new horizons and technologies in the field of rumen microbiota functional research. These emerging technologies, with continuous refinement and mutual complementation, have deepened our understanding of rumen microbiota functionality, thereby enabling effective manipulation of the rumen microbial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlingli Qi
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Yuan Xue
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ming-Hui Jia
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Qiongxian Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Genetic Improvement and Milk Quality Research of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Zhang Z, Chen G, Yu X, Liang D, Xu C, Ji C, Wang L, Ma H, Wang J. A slow-release fertilizer containing cyhalofop-butyl reduces N 2O emissions by slowly releasing nitrogen and down-regulating the relative abundance of nirK. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167493. [PMID: 37778565 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
To simplify the process of the application of fertilizers and herbicides for farmers, a slow-release fertilizer containing cyhalofop-butyl (SFC) was developed to prolong the combined effect of the herbicide-fertilizer and achieve a synergistic effect on weeding and reducing N2O emissions. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted using five treatments: CK (no fertilizer), CF (compound fertilizers), FC (fertilizers combined with cyhalofop-butyl), FF (film-coated compound fertilizers), and SFC (a slow-release fertilizer containing cyhalofop-butyl). The findings indicated that SFC exhibited the lowest N2O emissions, the highest paddy yield, and the highest nitrogen utilization rate among all the treatments. When compared to CF, the nitrogen release was notably delayed, leading to a significant reduction in cumulative N2O emissions under FF and SFC. When compared to CF, N2O emissions under FC were significantly decreased, suggesting that cyhalofop-butyl exerted a reduction role in N2O emissions. The SFC-treated nirK abundance was significantly lower than FF and FC, suggesting that the cyhalofop-butyl of SFC interacted with film of SFC inhibited the denitrification process in the paddy soil. Thus, the SFC reduced N2O emissions by slowing nitrogen release and down-regulating the relative abundance of nirK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewang Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China; Collage of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Gonglei Chen
- Danyang Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Danyang 445000, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cong Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Jidong Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Experimental Station for Agricultural Environment, Nanjing 210014, China; Collage of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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11
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Ali S, Ni X, Khan M, Zhao X, Yang H, Danzeng B, Raja IH, Quan G. Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Sheep Gut Metabolite Profiles during the Lactating Stage. Animals (Basel) 2023; 14:121. [PMID: 38200852 PMCID: PMC10778572 DOI: 10.3390/ani14010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet-associated characteristics such as dietary protein levels can modulate the gut's primary or secondary metabolites, leading to effects on the productive performance and overall health of animals. Whereas fecal metabolite changes are closely associated with gut metabolome, this study aimed to see changes in the rumen metabolite profile of lactating ewes fed different dietary protein levels. For this, eighteen lactating ewes (approximately 2 years old, averaging 38.52 ± 1.57 kg in their initial body weight) were divided into three groups (n = 6 ewes/group) by following the complete randomized design, and each group was assigned to one of three low-protein (D_I), medium-protein (D_m), and high-protein (D_h) diets containing 8.58%, 10.34%, and 13.93% crude protein contents on a dry basis, respectively. The fecal samples were subjected to untargeted metabolomics using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC). The metabolomes of the sheep fed to the high-protein-diet group were distinguished as per principal-component analysis from the medium- and low-protein diets. Fecal metabolite concentrations as well as their patterns were changed by feeding different dietary protein levels. The discriminating metabolites between groups of nursing sheep fed different protein levels were identified using partial least-squares discriminant analysis. The pathway enrichment revealed that dietary protein levels mainly influenced the metabolism-associated pathways (n = 63 and 39 in positive as well as negative ionic modes, respectively) followed by protein (n = 15 and 8 in positive as well as negative ionic modes, respectively) and amino-acid (n = 14 and 7 in positive as well as negative ionic modes, respectively) synthesis. Multivariate and univariate analyses showed comparative changes in the fecal concentrations of metabolites in both positive and negative ionic modes. Major changes were observed in protein metabolism, organic-acid biosynthesis, and fatty-acid oxidation. Pairwise analysis and PCA reveal a higher degree of aggregation within the D-h group than all other pairs. In both the PCA and PLS-DA plots, the comparative separation among the D_h/D_m, D_h/D_I, and D_m/D_I groups was superior in positive as well as negative ionic modes, which indicated that sheep fed higher protein levels had alterations in the levels of the metabolites. These metabolic findings provide insights into potentiated biomarker changes in the metabolism influenced by dietary protein levels. The target identification may further increase our knowledge of sheep gut metabolome, particularly regarding how dietary protein levels influence the molecular mechanisms of nutritional metabolism, growth performance, and milk synthesis of sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikandar Ali
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313300, China
| | - Xiaojun Ni
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Muhammad Khan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoqi Zhao
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Hongyuan Yang
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Baiji Danzeng
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
| | - Imtiaz Hussain Raja
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Production & Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Guobo Quan
- Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China; (S.A.); (X.N.); (M.K.); (X.Z.); (H.Y.); (B.D.)
- Yunnan Provincial Animal Genetic Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jindian, Panlong District, Kunming 650225, China
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Li Z, Wang X, Wang W, An R, Wang Y, Ren Q, Xuan J. Benefits of tributyrin on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid formation of weaned Small-Tailed Han lambs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:187-196. [PMID: 38023378 PMCID: PMC10679854 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of tributyrin on growth performance, gastrointestinal tract development, ruminal bacteria and volatile fatty acid (VFA) formation. Thirty healthy weaned Small-Tailed Han female lambs at 3 months old with BW 27.5 ± 4.1 kg (mean ± SD) were randomly assigned to five groups of six lambs each, and each group received tributyrin at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg in feed. Weights were measured before the start and end of the study. After 15 d adaptation, DMI, feed, faeces and urine were recorded every week. Lambs were sacrificed at d 75. Compared to lambs fed no tributyrin, lambs fed 4.0 g/kg tributyrin had higher average daily BW gain (P = 0.04) and DMI (P < 0.01). Tributyrin reduced nitrogen (P < 0.01), Ca (P < 0.01) and P (P < 0.01) losses derived from faeces and urine. The mostly important, tributyrin increased dorsal sac thickness (P < 0.01), papillae length (P = 0.04) and width (P < 0.01), ventral sac papillae length (P < 0.01) and width (P < 0.01), caudodorsal blind sac thickness (P = 0.02), papillae length (P < 0.01) and width (P < 0.01). Furthermore, tributyrin increased thicknesses of both the duodenum (P < 0.01) and ileum (P = 0.01), and villus heights of the duodenum (P = 0.01), ileum (P < 0.01), jejunum (P < 0.01) and caecum (P = 0.02), but tributyrin decreased duodenal (P < 0.01) and caecal crypt depths (P < 0.01). Tributyrin reduced rumen pH (P < 0.01) while promoting total VFA concentration (P < 0.01). Tributyrin improved the structure of rumen bacteria by enhancing Clostridium (P = 0.04), Butyrivibrio (P < 0.01), Streptococcus (P = 0.04), Prevotella (P = 0.04), Ruminobacter (P = 0.02) and Fibrobacter (P = 0.03). In conclusion, tributyrin could stimulate gastrointestinal tract development by enhancing colonization of rumen VFA-producing bacteria, and dietary supplementation of tributyrin at 4.0 g/kg of DM was recommended for the weaned lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Xueer Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alae, 843300, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Ran An
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Qingchang Ren
- College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Jingjing Xuan
- School of Finance and Economics, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu, 233030, China
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Honerlagen H, Reyer H, Abou-Soliman I, Segelke D, Ponsuksili S, Trakooljul N, Reinsch N, Kuhla B, Wimmers K. Microbial signature inferred from genomic breeding selection on milk urea concentration and its relation to proxies of nitrogen-utilization efficiency in Holsteins. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00233-3. [PMID: 37173253 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the nitrogen-utilization efficiency (NUE) of dairy cows by breeding selection would offer advantages from nutritional, environmental, and economic perspectives. Because data collection of NUE phenotypes is not feasible in large cow cohorts, the cow individual milk urea concentration (MU) has been suggested as an indicator trait. Considering the symbiotic interplay between dairy cows and their rumen microbiome, individual MU was thought to be influenced by host genetics and by the rumen microbiome, the latter in turn being partly attributed to host genetics. To enhance our knowledge of MU as an indicator trait for NUE, we aimed to identify differential abundant rumen microbial genera between Holstein cows with divergent genomic breeding values for MU (GBVMU; GBVHMU vs. GBVLMU, where H and L indicate high and low MU phenotypes, respectively). The microbial genera identified were further investigated for their correlations with MU and 7 additional NUE-associated traits in urine, milk, and feces in 358 lactating Holsteins. Statistical analysis of microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data revealed significantly higher abundances of the ureolytic genus Succinivibrionaceae UCG-002 in GBVLMU cows, whereas GBVHMU animals hosted higher abundances of Clostridia unclassified and Desulfovibrio. The entire discriminating ruminal signature of 24 microbial taxa included a further 3 genera of the Lachnospiraceae family that revealed significant correlations to MU values and were therefore proposed as considerable players in the GBVMU-microbiome-MU axis. The significant correlations of Prevotellaceae UCG-003, Anaerovibrio, Blautia, and Butyrivibrio abundances with MU measurements, milk nitrogen, and N content in feces suggested their contribution to genetically determined N-utilization in Holstein cows. The microbial genera identified might be considered for future breeding programs to enhance NUE in dairy herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Honerlagen
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Abou-Soliman
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; Desert Research Center, Department of Animal and Poultry Breeding, Dokki, Giza Governorate 3751254, Egypt
| | - Dierck Segelke
- IT-Solutions for Animal Production, Vereinigte Informationssysteme Tierhaltung w.V. (vit), 27283 Verden, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Reinsch
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genetics and Biometry, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Nutritional Physiology "Oskar Kellner," 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology, Institute of Genome Biology, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; University of Rostock, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 18059 Rostock, Germany.
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Wang X, Jiang C, Wang H, Xu S, Zhuang X. Strategies for energy conversion from sludge to methane through pretreatment coupled anaerobic digestion: Potential energy loss or gain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117033. [PMID: 36603247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of wasted activated sludge from wastewater plants is recognized as an effective method to reclaim energy in the form of methane. AD performance has been enhanced by coupling various pretreatments that impact energy conversion from sludge. This paper mainly reviewed the development of pretreatments based on different technologies reported in recent years and evaluated their energy benefit. Significant increases in methane yield are generally obtained in AD with pretreatments demanding energy input, including thermal- and ultrasound-based methods. However, these energy-intense pretreatments usually gained negative energy benefit that the increase in methane yield consumed extra energy input. The unbalanced relationship counts against the goal of energy reclamation from sludge. Combined pretreatment consisting of multiple technologies normally outcompetes the single pretreatment, and the combination of energy-intense methods and chemicals potentially reduces energy input and simultaneously ensure high methane yield. For determining whether the energy reclamation from sludge via AD contribute to mitigating global warming, integrating greenhouse gas emission into the evaluation system of pretreated AD is further warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cancan Jiang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huacai Wang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; The Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shengjun Xu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Amani-Yengejeh M, Taghizadeh A, Mohammadzadeh H, Hosseinkhani A, Shirmohammadi S, Abachi S, Palangi V, Eseceli H, Besharati M, Giannenas I. Utilisation of slow-release non-protein nitrogen produced
from agro-industrial by-products: feed digestibility
and ruminal parameters. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/153864/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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16
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Honerlagen H, Reyer H, Segelke D, Müller CBM, Prahl MC, Ponsuksili S, Trakooljul N, Reinsch N, Kuhla B, Wimmers K. Ruminal background of predisposed milk urea (MU) concentration in Holsteins. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:939711. [PMID: 36177471 PMCID: PMC9513179 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.939711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Efforts to reduce nitrogen (N) emissions are currently based on the optimization of dietary- N supply at average herd N requirements. The implementation of the considerable individual differences and predispositions in N- use efficiency and N- excretion in breeding programs is hampered by the difficulty of data collection. Cow individual milk urea (MU) concentration has been proposed as an easy-to-measure surrogate trait, but recent studies questioned its predictive power. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying predisposed higher (HMUg) or lower (LMUg) MU concentration in dairy cows is needed. Considering the complex N- metabolism in ruminants, the distinction between HMUg and LMUg could be based on differences in (i) the rumen microbial community, (ii) the host-specific transcription processes in the rumen villi, and (iii) the host-microbe interaction in the rumen. Therefore, rumen fluid and rumen epithelial samples from 10 HMUg and 10 LMUg cows were analyzed by 16S sequencing and HiSeq sequencing. In addition, the effect of dietary-N reduction on ruminal shifts was investigated in a second step. In total, 10 differentially abundant genera (DAG) were identified between HMUg and LMUg cows, elucidating greater abundances of ureolytic Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 and Ruminococcaceae_unclassified in LMUg animals and enhanced occurrences of Butyvibrio in HMUg cows. Differential expression analysis revealed genes of the bovine Major Histocompatibility Complex (BOLA genes) as well as MX1, ISG15, and PRSS2 displaying candidates of MU predisposition that further attributed to enhanced immune system activities in LMUg cows. A number of significant correlations between microbial genera and host transcript abundances were uncovered, including strikingly positive correlations of BOLA-DRA transcripts with Roseburia and Lachnospiraceae family abundances that might constitute particularly prominent microbial-host interplays of MU predisposition. The reduction of feed-N was followed by 18 DAG in HMUg and 19 DAG in LMUg, depicting pronounced interest on Shuttleworthia, which displayed controversial adaption in HMUg and LMUg cows. Lowering feed-N further elicited massive downregulation of immune response and energy metabolism pathways in LMUg. Considering breeding selection strategies, this study attributed information content to MU about predisposed ruminal N-utilization in Holstein-Friesians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Honerlagen
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Henry Reyer
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Dierck Segelke
- IT-Solutions for Animal Production, Vereinigte Informationssysteme Tierhaltung w.V. (vit), Verden, Germany
| | - Carolin Beatrix Maria Müller
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Marie Christin Prahl
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Nares Trakooljul
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Reinsch
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genetics and Biometry, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Björn Kuhla
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Ma H, Yao S, Bai L, Bai S, Liu G. The effects of rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) on production performance and relevant hormones of dairy cows. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13831. [PMID: 36117532 PMCID: PMC9480067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized in mammals. Therefore, the dietary supply of tryptophan is critical for the health and production performance (e.g., milk) of mammals. In the present study, 36 lactating Holstein cows were used, of which 24 cows were in the rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) feeding groups with different doses at 14 g/d and 28 g/d, respectively and 12 cows were in the control group. This approach could avoid dietary tryptophan being degraded by the rumen microorganisms and improve its bioavailability for cows. The results showed that RPT increased milk protein percentage, milk protein yield, milk solid non-fat (SNF), and milk yield. In response to RPT treatment, the levels of melatonin (MT), prolactin (PRL), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were significantly increased in the serum of cows compared to the controls. RPT feeding improved nutrient utilization efficiency and lactation performance of dairy cows, which enhanced the quality of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Songyang Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Libing Bai
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sarvvl Bai
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Regulation of Dietary Protein Solubility Improves Ruminal Nitrogen Metabolism In Vitro: Role of Bacteria-Protozoa Interactions. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142972. [PMID: 35889928 PMCID: PMC9325197 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Precision dietary interventions (e.g., altering proportions of dietary protein fractions) has significant implications for the efficiency of nutrient use in ruminants, as well as lowering their environmental footprint, specifically nitrogen (N) emissions. Soluble protein (SP) is defined as the protein fraction that is rapidly degraded in the rumen (e.g., non-protein N and true protein), and our previous study found that regulating SP levels could improve N efficiency in Hu sheep. Thus, the present study was conducted to explore in vitro how protein fractions with different SP levels modulate the rumen microbial community and its association with N metabolism. Four dietary treatments with different SP proportions and similar crude protein (CP) content (~14%) were formulated (% of CP): 20 (S20), 30 (S30), 40 (S40) and 50 (S50). Results showed that NH3-N content increased with increasing SP levels at 4, 12 and 24 h; TVFA, acetate, propionate and valerate were higher in S30 and S40 (p < 0.05) and had quadratic effects (p < 0.05). Moreover, dry matter digestibility (DMD) and N digestibility (ND) were all decreased with S20 and S50 (p < 0.05). The S30 and S40 treatments increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella (Prevotella_ruminicola) but decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (p < 0.05). Bacterial pathways related to amino acid and fatty acid metabolism also were enriched with S30 and S40. The abundance of Entodinium was increased with S30 and S40 and had a positive correlation with Prevotella, and these two genera also played an important role in N metabolism and VFA synthesis of this study. In conclusion, bacterial and protozoal communities were altered by the level of SP (% of CP), with higher SP levels (~50% of CP) increasing the microbial diversity but being detrimental to rumen N metabolism.
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Dey DK, Kang JI, Bajpai VK, Kim K, Lee H, Sonwal S, Simal-Gandara J, Xiao J, Ali S, Huh YS, Han YK, Shukla S. Mycotoxins in food and feed: toxicity, preventive challenges, and advanced detection techniques for associated diseases. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8489-8510. [PMID: 35445609 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2059650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are produced primarily as secondary fungal metabolites. Mycotoxins are toxic in nature and naturally produced by various species of fungi, which usually contaminate food and feed ingredients. The growth of these harmful fungi depends on several environmental factors, such as pH, humidity, and temperature; therefore, the mycotoxin distribution also varies among global geographical areas. Various rules and regulations regarding mycotoxins are imposed by the government bodies of each country, which are responsible for addressing global food and health security concerns. Despite this legislation, the incidence of mycotoxin contamination is continuously increasing. In this review, we discuss the geographical regulatory guidelines and recommendations that are implemented around the world to control mycotoxin contamination of food and feed products. Researchers and inventors from various parts of the world have reported several innovations for controlling mycotoxin-associated health consequences. Unfortunately, most of these techniques are restricted to laboratory scales and cannot reach users. Consequently, to date, no single device has been commercialized that can detect all mycotoxins that are naturally available in the environment. Therefore, in this study, we describe severe health hazards that are associated with mycotoxin exposure, their molecular signaling pathways and processes of toxicity, and their genotoxic and cytotoxic effects toward humans and animals. We also discuss recent developments in the construction of a sensitive and specific device that effectively implements mycotoxin identification and detection methods. In addition, our study comprehensively examines the recent advancements in the field for mitigating the health consequences and links them with the molecular and signaling pathways that are activated upon mycotoxin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Kumar Dey
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ji In Kang
- Anticancer Agents Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Cheongwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Vivek K Bajpai
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanwoo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoomin Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sonam Sonwal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo - Ourense Campus, Ourense, Spain
| | - Sajad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Suk Huh
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyu Han
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shruti Shukla
- TERI-Deakin Nanobiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
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Sun Y, Ma N, Qi Z, Han M, Ma X. Coated Zinc Oxide Improves Growth Performance of Weaned Piglets via Gut Microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:819722. [PMID: 35284437 PMCID: PMC8916703 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.819722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaned piglets stayed in transitional stages of internal organ development and external environment change. The dual stresses commonly caused intestinal disorders followed by damaged growth performance and severe diarrhea. High dose of zinc oxide could improve production efficiency and alleviate disease status whereas caused serious environmental pollution. This research investigated if coated ZnO (C_ZnO) in low dose could replace the traditional dose of ZnO to improve the growth performance, intestinal function, and gut microbiota structures in the weaned piglets. A total of 126 cross-bred piglets (7.0 ± 0.5 kg body weight) were randomly allocated into three groups and fed a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with ZnO (2,000 mg Zn/kg) or C_ZnO (500 mg Zn/kg), respectively. The test lasted for 6 weeks. C_ZnO improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency, alleviated diarrhea, decreased the lactulose/mannitol ratio (L/M) in the urine, increased the ileal villus height, and upregulated the expression of Occludin in the ileal tissue and the effect was even better than a high concentration of ZnO. Importantly, C_ZnO also regulated the intestinal flora, enriching Streptococcus and Lactobacillus and removing Bacillus and intestinal disease-associated pathogens, including Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Cronobacter in the ileal lumen. Although, colonic microbiota remained relatively stable, the marked rise of Blautia, a potential probiotic related to body health, could still be found. In addition, C_ZnO also led to a significant increase of acetate and propionate in both foregut and hindgut. Collectively, a low concentration of C_ZnO could effectively promote growth performance and reduce diarrhea through improving small intestinal morphology and permeability, enhancing the barrier function, adjusting the structure of gut microbiota, and raising the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the weaned piglets.
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Zhang Z, Shahzad K, Shen S, Dai R, Lu Y, Lu Z, Li C, Chen Y, Qi R, Gao P, Yang Q, Wang M. Altering Dietary Soluble Protein Levels With Decreasing Crude Protein May Be a Potential Strategy to Improve Nitrogen Efficiency in Hu Sheep Based on Rumen Microbiome and Metabolomics. Front Nutr 2022; 8:815358. [PMID: 35118112 PMCID: PMC8804502 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.815358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminants account for a relatively large share of global nitrogen (N) emissions. It has been reported that nutrition control and precise feeding can improve the N efficiency of ruminants. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of soluble protein (SP) levels in low-protein diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen microbiota, and metabolites, as well as their associations of N metabolism in fattening Hu sheep. Approximately 6-month-old, 32 healthy fattening male Hu sheep with similar genetic merit and an initial body weight of 40.37 ± 1.18 kg were selected, and divided into four groups (n = 8) using the following completely randomized design: the control diet (CON) with a 16.7% crude protein (CP) content was prepared to meet the nutritional requirements of fattening sheep [body weight (BW): 40 kg, average daily gain (ADG): 200–250 g/d] according to the NRC recommendations; other three include low protein diets (LPA, LPB, and LPC) of CP decreased by ~10%, with SP proportion (%CP) of 21.2, 25.9, and 29.4 respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 5 weeks including the first week of adaptation. The results showed no difference in the growth performance (P > 0.05); DM and CP digestibility were higher in LPB and LPC, with maximum organic matter digestibility in LPB (P < 0.05). Low-protein diets decreased serum urea-N whereas urinary urea-N was lower in LPB and LPC (P < 0.05), while N retention and the biological value of N were higher in LPB and LPC (P < 0.05). Ruminal NH3-N concentration in LPA and LPB was low than CON (P < 0.05), while total volatile fatty acid (TVFA), acetate, propionate, and butanoate were all lowest in LPA (P < 0.05). In the rumen microbiome, LPB increased the community richness in Prevotellaceae and Prevotella_1 (P < 0.05); Metabolomics analysis revealed low-protein diets downregulated the amino acid metabolism pathways, while the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids along with vitamin B6 metabolism were upregulated with increased SP. These findings could help us understand the role of different SP levels in the regulation of rumen microbial metabolism and N efficiency. Overall, low-protein diets (CP decreased by ~10%) can reduce serum urea-N and ruminal NH3-N without affecting the growth performance of fattening Hu sheep. Additionally higher N efficiency was obtained with an SP proportion of ~25–30%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenbin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Khuram Shahzad
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Rong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Yue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqi Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Yifei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ruxin Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qingyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
| | - Mengzhi Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, China
- *Correspondence: Mengzhi Wang
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Kong F, Li Y, Diao Q, Bi Y, Tu Y. The crucial role of lysine in the hepatic metabolism of growing Holstein dairy heifers as revealed by LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:1152-1161. [PMID: 34754957 PMCID: PMC8556487 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of supplementing rumen-protected Lys based on a Lys-deficient diet on liver metabolism in growing Holstein heifers. The experiment was conducted for 3 months with 36 Holstein heifers (initial body weight: 200 ± 9.0 kg; 7-month-old). Heifers were randomly assigned to 2 diets based on corn, soybean meal, alfalfa hay, and wheat bran: control, Lys-deficient diet (LD; 0.66% Lys in diet), and Lys-adequate diet (LA; 1.00% Lys in diet). The results showed no difference in growth performance between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). However, there was a clear trend of increasing feed conversion rate with Lys supplementation (0.05 < P < 0.01). The serum urea nitrogen concentration was significantly decreased, and the aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio was significantly decreased by Lys supplementation (P < 0.05). Moreover, growing heifers fed a Lys-adequate diet had lower levels of urine nitrogen excretion and higher levels of the biological value of nitrogen (P < 0.05). Metabolomic analysis revealed that 5 types of phosphatidylcholine and 3 types of ceramide were significantly increased and enriched in sphingolipid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism (P < 0.05). His, Leu, and Asp levels were significantly decreased in the liver following Lys supplementation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Lys supplementation may promote the synthesis of body tissue proteins, as evidenced by significantly decreased amino acids in the liver and urine N excretion, it also improves hepatic lipid metabolism by providing lipoprotein precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanlin Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiyu Diao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanliang Bi
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Sino-US Joint Lab on Nutrition and Metabolism of Ruminants, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Li Y, Cao H, Wang X, Guo L, Ding X, Zhao W, Zhang F. Diet-mediated metaorganismal relay biotransformation: health effects and pathways. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34802351 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2004993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of metaorganism expands our insight into how diet-microbe-host interactions contribute to human health and diseases. We realized that many biological metabolic processes in the host can be summarized into metaorganismal relay pathways, in which metabolites such as trimethylamine-N‑oxide, short-chain fatty acids and bile acids act as double-edged swords (beneficial or harmful effects) in the initiation and progression of diseases. Pleiotropic effects of metabolites are derived from several influencing factors including dose level, targeted organ of effect, action duration and species of these metabolites. Based on the pleiotropic effects of metabolites, personalized therapeutic approaches including microecological agents, enzymatic regulators and changes in dietary habits to govern related metabolite production may provide a new insight in promoting human health. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of metaorganismal relay pathways and elaborate on the pleiotropic effects of metabolites in these pathways, with special emphasis on related therapeutic nutritional interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hong Cao
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lichun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaoying Ding
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111427. [PMID: 34768858 PMCID: PMC8592284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional amino acids provide great potential for treating autophagy-related diseases by regulating autophagy. The purpose of the autophagy process is to remove unwanted cellular contents and to recycle nutrients, which is controlled by many factors. Disordered autophagy has been reported to be associated with various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and obesity. Autophagy cannot be directly controlled and dynamic amino acid levels are sufficient to regulate autophagy. To date, arginine, leucine, glutamine, and methionine are widely reported functional amino acids that regulate autophagy. As a signal relay station, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) turns various amino acid signals into autophagy signaling pathways for functional amino acids. Deficiency or supplementation of functional amino acids can immediately regulate autophagy and is associated with autophagy-related disease. This review summarizes the mechanisms currently involved in autophagy and amino acid sensing, diverse signal transduction among functional amino acids and autophagy, and the therapeutic appeal of amino acids to autophagy-related diseases. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of amino acid regulation of autophagy and the role of functional amino acids in clinical autophagy-related diseases and to further convert these mechanisms into feasible therapeutic applications.
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