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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Tsang CC, Zhou J, Hao F, Liu F, Wang J, Xi S, Zhao J, Fan Z. Metal Doped Unconventional Phase IrNi Nanobranches: Tunable Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction Performance and Pollutants Upcycling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:10863-10873. [PMID: 38842426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c04014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical nitrate reduction (NO3RR) provides a new option to abate nitrate contamination with a low carbon footprint. Restricted by competitive hydrogen evolution, achieving satisfied nitrate reduction performance in neutral media is still a challenge, especially for the regulation of this multielectron multiproton reaction. Herein, facile element doping is adopted to tune the catalytic behavior of IrNi alloy nanobranches with an unconventional hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase toward NO3RR. In particular, the obtained hcp IrNiCu nanobranches favor the ammonia production and suppress byproduct formation in a neutral electrolyte indicated by in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry, with a high Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 85.6% and a large yield rate of 1253 μg cm-2 h-1 at -0.4 and -0.6 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)), respectively. In contrast, the resultant hcp IrNiCo nanobranches promote the formation of nitrite, with a peak FE of 33.1% at -0.1 V (vs RHE). Furthermore, a hybrid electrolysis cell consisting of NO3RR and formaldehyde oxidation is constructed, which are both catalyzed by hcp IrNiCu nanobranches. This electrolyzer exhibits lower overpotential and holds the potential to treat polluted air and wastewater simultaneously, shedding light on green chemical production based on contaminate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuecheng Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Yunhao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Chi Ching Tsang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Fengkun Hao
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Fu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals, Energy and Environment, A*STAR, Singapore 627833, Singapore
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zhanxi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Chen Y, Liu Y, Hu S, Wu D, Zhang M, Cheng Z. Exploration of a novel electrochemical CN coupling process: Urea synthesis from direct air carbon capture with nitrate wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169722. [PMID: 38163593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Direct air capture (DAC) can be used to decrease the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, but this requires substantial energy consumption. If residual waste carbon (in the form of bicarbonate solution) from DAC can be directly reused, it might present a novel method for overcoming the aforementioned challenges. Electrochemical CN coupling methods for synthesizing urea have garnered considerable attention for waste carbon utilization, but the carbon source is high-purity CO2. No research has been conducted regarding the application of bicarbonate solution as the carbon source. This study proposes a proof-of-concept electrochemical CN coupling process for synthesizing urea using bicarbonate solution from DAC as the carbon source and nitrate from wastewater as the nitrogen source. These results confirmed the feasibility of synthesizing urea using a three-electrode system employing TF and CuInS2/TF as the working electrodes via potentiostatic electrolysis. Under the optimal conditions (initial pH 5.0 and applied potential of -1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl), the urea yield after 2 h of electrolysis reached 3017.2 μg h-1 mgcat.-1 and an average Faradaic efficiency of 19.6 %. The in-situ attenuated total reflection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy indicated a gradual increase in the intensity of the -CONH bond signal on the surface of the CuInS2/TF electrode as the reaction progressed. This implied that this bond may be a key chemical group in this process. The density functional theory calculations demonstrated that *CONH was a pivotal intermediate during CN coupling, and a two-step CN coupling reaction path was proposed. *NH + *CO primarily transformed into *CONH, followed by the conversion reaction of *CONH + *NO to *NOCONH2. This study offers a groundbreaking approach for waste carbon utilization from DAC and holds the potential to furnish technical underpinnings for advancing electrochemical CN coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shujie Hu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Di Wu
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 400054, China.
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Mahmoodi A, Hosseinzadehsadati SB, Kermani HM, Nick HM. On the benefits of desulfated seawater flooding in mature hydrocarbon fields. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166732. [PMID: 37659536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Removal of sulfate from the injection seawater (desulfation) in hydrocarbon reservoirs is a Modified Salinity Water (MSW) flooding method that mitigates microbial reservoir souring, improves oil recovery, and enables produced-water re-injection (PWRI). Aside from the Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) effect, desulfation results in a cleaner production of oil through enabling PWRI and reducing the environmental impacts associated with reservoir souring and nitrate treatment. However, whether desulfation is still beneficial for mature fields, after years of the injection of untreated seawater, is a valid common concern. In such cases, sulfate concentration inside the reservoir has already increased due to years of untreated seawater injection. The high sulfate concentration inside the subsurface reservoir before desulfated water flooding may render desulfation pointless. The present study investigates the potential benefits of desulfation after around 20 years of untreated seawater injection in a sector of an oil field in the Danish North Sea. The results show that depending on the cessation of production point in time and the efficiency of residual oil saturation reduction of MSW flooding, desulfation results in a significant increase in oil production. Even if improving oil recovery is no longer a priority, modification of injected seawater would still help reduce the amount of water required to support a given oil production rate. Moreover, desulfation is considerably more effective than nitrate treatment in mitigating microbial reservoir souring. Furthermore, the possibility of scale formation is decreased considerably due to desulfation, which further encourages PWRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mahmoodi
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU-Offshore), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark.
| | - S B Hosseinzadehsadati
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU-Offshore), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
| | - H M Kermani
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU-Offshore), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
| | - H M Nick
- Danish Offshore Technology Centre (DTU-Offshore), Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark
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When nitrate treatment wins the battle against microbial reservoir souring but loses the war. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2023.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Qiu W, Xie M, Wang P, Gao T, Li R, Xiao D, Jin Z, Li P. Size-Defined Ru Nanoclusters Supported by TiO 2 Nanotubes Enable Low-Concentration Nitrate Electroreduction to Ammonia with Suppressed Hydrogen Evolution. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300437. [PMID: 37029572 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic nitrate pollution has an adverse impact on the environment and human health. As part of a sustainable nitrate management strategy, electrochemical denitrification is studied as an innovative strategy for nutrients recycling and recovering. It is, however, challenging to selectively electro-reduce nitrate with low-concentration for ammonia. Herein, the photo-deposition of size-defined Ru nanoclusters (NCs, average size: ≈1.66 nm) on TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) is demonstrated, which show improved performance for nitrate-to-ammonia electroreduction with a maximum yield rate of ≈600 µg h-1 cm-2 and a faradic efficiency (FE) of > 90.0% across a broad range of potentials in comparison with electrodeposited Ru nanoparticles (NPs, average size: ≈23.78 nm) on TiO2 NTs. Experimental and theoretical evidence further suggests the small-size Ru NCs with the intrinsically enhanced selectivity and activity because of the strong metal/substrate interaction and unsaturated coordination state. The findings highlight the size effect on Ru-based catalyst supported on metal oxides, a versatile catalytic model, which allows the regulation of hydrogen adsorption to favor ammonia production over the competing hydrogen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Qiu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Xie
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Pengfei Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Taotao Gao
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Ran Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyu Jin
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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Lu S, Li X, Liao Y, Zhang Z, Luo H, Zhang G. Boosting generation of reactive oxygen and chlorine species on TNT photoanode and Ni/graphite fiber cathode towards efficient oxidation of ammonia wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137363. [PMID: 36423725 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) process combining the merits of photocatalysis and electrocatalysis is considered as a promising ammonia oxidation technology for water treatment. However, some key issues, such as the limited in situ generation of oxidants on photoanode, slow mass transfer problem and generation of nitrate/nitrite by-products hinder the further application of PEC process in the treatment of ammonia pollutant. In this study, the graphite felt (GF) cathodes modified by different transition metals (Ni, Fe, Mn, Co, Cu) were screened by physicochemical and photoelectrochemical characterizations. The results show that the Ni-GF cathode with more Ni0 uniformly distributed on the GF surface had the best electrocatalytic activity to generate H2O2. The PEC system composed of 10.0 wt% Ni-GF cathode and optimized titania nanotubes (TNTs) photoanode selectively converted about 96.1% ammonia to N2 within 90 min. Compared with the single TNTs photoanode system, the ammonia oxidation reaction rate constant of the synergistic PEC oxidation system was increased by about two times, which demonstrated the role of the oxidants simultaneously generated on both anode and cathode. The in situ generated reactive oxygen-based oxidants and chlorine-based oxidants interacted together, and ClO• acted a leading role in the ammonia oxidation which were confirmed by quenching and probe experiments. In addition, the contributions of •OH and ClO• were significantly improved in the synergistic PEC oxidation system, compared with the single TNTs photoanode system. Furthermore, the nitrate by-products generated by the ammonia oxidation were further reduced on the Ni-GF cathode. The large amount of active chlorine and active oxygen generated on the electrode diffused into the bulk, effectively overcoming the mass transfer limitation of direct oxidation. Therefore, the developed TNTs photoanode/Ni-GF cathode system can continuously and efficiently convert ammonia to N2 without the formation of nitrate/nitrite by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Xuechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yunkai Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zhenghua Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering & Nano-Technology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Haijian Luo
- Education Center of Experiments and Innovations, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| | - Guan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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Tran NN, Escribà-Gelonch M, Sarafraz MM, Pho QH, Sagadevan S, Hessel V. Process Technology and Sustainability Assessment of Wastewater Treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Nghiep Tran
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia5005, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Can Tho University, 3/2 Street, Can Tho900000, Vietnam
| | - Marc Escribà-Gelonch
- Higher Polytechnic Engineering School, University of Lleida, Igualada25003, Spain
| | | | - Quoc Hue Pho
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia5005, Australia
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur50603, Malaysia
| | - Volker Hessel
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia5005, Australia
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, LondonCV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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One Bicopper Complex with Good Affinity to Nitrate for Highly Selective Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) plays an irreplaceable role in human life as a promising energy carrier and indispensable chemical raw material. Nitrate electroreduction to ammonium (NRA) not only removes nitrate pollutants, but also can be used for efficient NH3 production under ambient conditions. However, achieving high efficiency and selectivity of electrocatalysts is still a great challenge. Herein, a complex Cu2(NO3)4(BMMB)·H2O with a bicopper core is assembled by Cu(NO3)2·3H2O and 1,4-bis{[2-(2’-pyridyl)benzimidazolyl]methyl}benzene (BMMB) for NRA under alkaline conditions. The optimal sample showed excellent nitrate reduction performance with the NO3− conversion rate of 70%, Faradaic efficiency of up to 90%, and NH3 selectivity of more than 95%. The high-catalytic activity is mainly due to the ingeniously designed copper cores with strong affinity for NO3−, which accelerates the transferring rate of adsorbed nitrate on the Cu surface and increases the efficiency of rate-determining step (NO3− → NO2−) in the whole catalytic process. Therefore, the transformation of surface-exposed nitrate can be rapidly catalyzed by the Cu active sites, facilitating the conversion efficiency of nitrate.
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Yao Y, Zhang L. Electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia on copper-based materials for nitrate-containing wastewater treatment. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:1194-1196. [PMID: 36546142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yancai Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied & Environmental Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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Zhao Q, Peng Y, Li J, Gao R, Jia T, Deng L, Du R. Sustainable upgrading of biological municipal wastewater treatment based on anammox: From microbial understanding to engineering application. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 813:152468. [PMID: 34952066 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has drawn increasing attention as a promising option to energy-neutral wastewater treatment. While anammox process still faces challenges in the low-strength and organics-contained municipal wastewater due to its susceptibility and the technical gaps in substrate supply. Effective strategies for extensive implementation of anammox in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) remain poorly summarized. In view of the significance and necessity of introducing anammox into mainstream treatment, the growing understanding not only at level of microbial interactions but also on view of upgrading municipal WWTPs with anammox-based processes need to be considered urgently. In this review, the critical view and comprehensive analysis were offered from the perspective of microbial interactions within partial nitrification- and partial denitrification-based anammox processes. To minimize the microbial competition and enhance the cooperation among anammox bacteria and other functional bacteria, targeted control strategies were systematically evaluated. Based on the comprehensive overview of recent advances, the combination of flexible regulation of input organic carbon with anaerobic/oxic/anoxic process and the integration of sludge fermentation with anoxic biofilms in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic process were proposed as promising solutions to upgrade municipal WWTPs with anammox technology. Furthermore, a new perspective of coupling anammox with denitrifying dephosphatation was proposed as a promising method for in-depth nutrients removal from carbon-limit municipal wastewater in this study. This review provides the critical and comprehensive viewpoints on anammox engineering in municipal wastewater and paves the way for the anammox-based upgrading of municipal WWTPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Jianwei Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Ruitao Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Tipei Jia
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Liyan Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China
| | - Rui Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
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Mohammad Ilias MK, Hossain MS, Ngteni R, Al-Gheethi A, Ahmad H, Omar FM, Naushad M, Pandey S. Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH 3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182312427. [PMID: 34886153 PMCID: PMC8656587 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO4·7H2O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO4·7H2O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH3-N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH3-N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH3-N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH3-N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study's finding showed that FeSO4·7H2O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khalish Mohammad Ilias
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.K.M.I.); (H.A.)
| | - Md. Sohrab Hossain
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.K.M.I.); (H.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Rahmat Ngteni
- Sime Darby Research Sdn Bhd, Carey Island 42900, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Adel Al-Gheethi
- Micro-Pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built & Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja 86400, Johor, Malaysia;
| | - Harlina Ahmad
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor 11800, Penang, Malaysia; (M.K.M.I.); (H.A.)
| | - Fatehah Mohd Omar
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Penang, Malaysia;
| | - Mu. Naushad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sadanand Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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