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Zheng Z, Shi C, Zhang A, Zhang Q, Zhao Z, Sompouviset T, Cai S, Zheng W, Jakhro MI, Zhai B. Tracing the contribution and fate of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer in young apple orchard agrosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173103. [PMID: 38729358 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Excessive synthetic nitrogen (N) inputs in intensive orchard agrosystems of developing countries are a growing concern regarding their adverse impacts on fruit production and the environment. Quantifying the distribution and contribution of fertilizer N is essential for increasing N use efficiency and minimizing N loss in orchards. A 15N tracer experiment was performed in a young dwarf apple orchard over two growing seasons to determine the fertilizer N transformation and fate. Fertilizer N primarily contributed to 25 % to 75 % of soil nitrate in the top 60 cm, but the contribution to soil microbial biomass N and fixed ammonium was <8 %, with the contribution to plant N ranging from 9 % to 19 %. In most growth periods, soil nitrate and fixed ammonium contents derived from native soil with N fertilization were higher than those not receiving N fertilizer. The N use efficiency of plants was only 2.6 % and 4.9 % in the first and second seasons, respectively, in contrast to 56.6 % and 54.0 % of N recovered in soil. Meanwhile, N assimilated into microbial biomass accounted for 0.8 %, and the proportion fixed by clay minerals was 3.5 %-5.2 %. One season after N fertilization, the nitrate below the 1 m soil layers accounted for 4.6 % of the applied N fertilizer, and the proportion increased to 22.5 % after two seasons. The N loss rate via N2O emission was 0.4 % over two years. The application of N fertilizer facilitated indigenous soil N mineralization, and abiotic ammonium fixation more efficiently retained synthetic N than microbial immobilization. These findings provide new insight into orchard N cycling, and attention should be given to the improvement of soil N retention and turnover capacity regulated by soil microbial and abiotic processes, as well as the potential environmental impacts of additional soil N mineralization resulting from prolonged chemical N fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxia Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ai Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Thongsouk Sompouviset
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shibiao Cai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Bingnian Zhai
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China.
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Gong F, He C, Li X, Wang K, Li M, Zhou X, Xu M, He X. Impacts of fertilization methods on Salvia miltiorrhiza quality and characteristics of the epiphytic microbial community. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1395628. [PMID: 38817929 PMCID: PMC11138495 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1395628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Plant epiphytic microorganisms have established a unique symbiotic relationship with plants, which has a significant impact on their growth, immune defense, and environmental adaptation. However, the impact of fertilization methods on the epiphytic microbial community and their correlation with the yield and quality of medicinal plant was still unclear. In current study, we conducted a field fertilization experiment and analyzed the composition of epiphytic bacterial and fungal communities employing high throughput sequencing data in different organs (roots, stems, and leaves) of Salvia miltiorrhiza, as well as their correlation with plant growth. The results showed that fertilization significantly affected the active ingredients and hormone content, soil physicochemical properties, and the composition of epiphytic microbial communities. After fertilization, the plant surface was enriched with a core microbial community mainly composed of bacteria from Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, as well as fungi from Zygomycota and Ascomycota. Additionally, plant growth hormones were the principal factors leading to alterations in the epiphytic microbial community of S. miltiorrhiza. Thus, the most effective method of fertilization involved the application of base fertilizer in combination with foliar fertilizer. This study provides a new perspective for studying the correlation between microbial community function and the quality of S. miltiorrhiza, and also provides a theoretical basis for the cultivation and sustainable development of high-quality medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gong
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Chao He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xianen Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kehan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Minghui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
| | - Xueli He
- College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Diversity Research and Application of Hebei Province, Baoding, China
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Zhang X, Wang J, Bai X, An S, Zheng Q, Tang Z, Zhi J. Water, nitrogen, and phosphorus coupling improves gray jujube fruit quality and yield. Open Life Sci 2024; 19:20220863. [PMID: 38681732 PMCID: PMC11049746 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Irrigation and fertilization are indispensable links in the jujube planting industry in southern Xinjiang, China. Regulating the relationship between fertilization and irrigation can effectively reduce costs and improve economic efficiency. A 2-year water and fertilizer optimization coupling test was conducted to determine the optimal water and nutrient supply scheme. The three-factor randomized block experiment included water (W), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P). According to the principal component analysis of each index, each treatment's comprehensive score was obtained. Using yield and economic regression models, the theoretical value and yield value of the optimal economic benefit are inferred. When W, N, and P were applied together, the fruit quality and yield of each treatment significantly differed, and the vitamin C, soluble sugar, and sugar-acid ratio increased significantly with an increase in N fertilizer. However, the titratable acid decreased. An increase in irrigation and nitrogen application significantly increased fruit yield. The comprehensive score was the highest in the N4P3W2 treatment, which improved fruit quality, and the lowest in the N3P3W2 treatment. When the amounts of N, P, and W were 275.56 kg hm-2, 413. 66 kg hm-2, and 7278.19 m3 hm-2, respectively, the theoretical economic benefit was the best. The N4P3W2 treatment is the optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral, 843300, China
- Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Aral, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Research Institute of Garden, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Xinlu Bai
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral, 843300, China
- Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Aral, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Shijie An
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral, 843300, China
- Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Aral, Xinjiang 843300, China
- Research Institute of Garden, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Qiangqing Zheng
- Research Institute of Garden, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Zhihui Tang
- Research Institute of Mechanical Equipment, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, China
| | - Jinhu Zhi
- College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Aral, 843300, China
- Research Center of Oasis Agricultural Resources and Environment in Southern Xinjiang, Tarim University, Aral, Xinjiang 843300, China
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Wang F, Wang C, Yang B, Luo X, Qi G, Ji F, Guo X, Yang T, Zhao X, Li M, Jiang Q, Peng L, Cao H. Nitrogen Application Timing and Levels Affect the Fate and Budget of Fertilizer Nitrogen in the Apple-Soil System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:813. [PMID: 38592783 PMCID: PMC10975126 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of the nitrogen (N) application period and level on the fate of fertilizer N and the contribution of N absorption and translocation to apple organ N. Two N application periods (labeled by the 15N tracer technique in spring and summer, represented by SP and SU, respectively) and three N levels (N0, MN, and HN) were used to determine the physiological indexes and aboveground, root, and soil 15N content of 4-year-old dwarf ('Red Fuji'/M9T337) and arborized ('Red Fuji'/Malus hupehensis Rehd.) apple trees. The results showed that HN led to shoot overgrowth, which was not conducive to the growth of the apple root system (root length, root tips, root surface area, and root volume) or the improvement of root activity. The contribution of soil N to apple organ N accounted for more than 50%, and the contribution of N application in summer to fruit N was higher than that in spring. Under HN treatment, the proportion of soil N absorbed by trees decreased, while that of fertilizer N increased; however, the highest proportion was still less than 50%, so apple trees were highly dependent on soil N. Under MN treatment, fertilizer N residue was similar to soil N consumption, and soil N fertility maintained a basic balance. Under HN treatment, fertilizer N residue was significantly higher than soil N consumption, indicating that excessive N application increased fertilizer N residue in the soil. Overall, the 15N utilization rate of arborized trees (17.33-22.38%) was higher than that of dwarf trees (12.89-16.91%). A total of 12.89-22.38% of fertilizer 15N was absorbed by trees, 30.37-35.41% of fertilizer 15N remained in the soil, and 44.65-54.46% of fertilizer 15N was lost. The 15N utilization rate and 15N residual rate of summer N application were higher than those of spring N application, and the 15N loss rate was lower than that of spring N application. High microbial biomass N (MBN) may be one of the reasons for the high N utilization rate and the low loss rate of N application in summer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Chaoran Wang
- Agriculture & Forestry Technology College, Weifang Vocational College, Weifang 261061, China
| | - Binghao Yang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xinyu Luo
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Gaowei Qi
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Fajin Ji
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xinkai Guo
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tao Yang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Xuehui Zhao
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ming Li
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Qianqian Jiang
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
| | - Ling Peng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Hui Cao
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China; (F.W.); (B.Y.); (X.L.); (G.Q.); (F.J.); (X.G.); (T.Y.)
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Liu Y, Gao H, Liu S, Li J, Kong F. Synthesizing a Water-Soluble Polymeric Nitrification Inhibitor with Novel Soil-Loosening Ability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:107. [PMID: 38201772 PMCID: PMC10780483 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrification inhibitor is essential for increasing the nitrogen utilization efficiency of agricultural plants, thus reducing environmental pollution and increasing crop yield. However, the easy volatilization and limited functional property is still the bottleneck of nitrification inhibitors. Herein, a novel water-soluble polymeric nitrification inhibitor was synthesized through the copolymerization of acrylamide and bio-based acrylic acid, which was synthesized from biomass-derived furfural, and the complexation of carboxyl groups and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole. The results showed that the nitrification inhibitor was an amorphous polymer product with a glass transition temperature of 146 °C and a thermal decomposition temperature of 176 °C, and the content of 3,4-dimethylpyrazole reached 2.81 wt%, which was 115% higher than our earlier product (1.31 wt%). The polymeric nitrification inhibitor can inhibit the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria effectively, thus inhibiting the conversion of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen and converting the insoluble phosphate into soluble and absorbable phosphate. By introducing a copolymer structure with a strong flocculation capacity, the polymeric nitrification inhibitor is further endowed with a soil-loosening function, which can increase the porosity of soil to improve the soil environment. Therefore, the nitrification inhibitor can be used in water-soluble and liquid fertilizers, as well as in high tower melting granulated compound fertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China (F.K.)
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China (F.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China (F.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jinrong Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
| | - Fangong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China (F.K.)
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Light Industry, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
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Jiang W, Chen R, Lyu J, Qin L, Wang G, Chen X, Wang Y, Yin C, Mao Z. Remediation of the microecological environment of heavy metal-contaminated soil with fulvic acid, improves the quality and yield of apple. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132399. [PMID: 37647659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in apple orchards is responsible for high levels of manganese and copper in soil, and this poses a serious threat to soil health. We conducted a three-year field experiment to study the remediation effect and mechanism of fulvic acid on soil with excess manganese and copper. The exogenous application of fulvic acid significantly reduced the content of manganese and copper in soil and plants; increased the content of calcium; promoted the growth of apple plants; improved the fruit quality and yield of apple; increased the content of chlorophyll; increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase; and reduced the content of malondialdehyde. The number of soil culturable microorganisms, soil enzyme activity, soil microbial community diversity, and relative abundance of functional bacteria were increased, and the detoxification of the glutathione metabolism function was enhanced. The results of this study provide new insights that will aid the remediation of soil with excess manganese and copper using fulvic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jiang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Ran Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jinhui Lyu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lei Qin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Gongshuai Wang
- College of Forestry Engineering Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250000, PR China
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Chengmiao Yin
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
| | - Zhiquan Mao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China; Apple Technology Innovation Center of Shandong Province, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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Simmons AT, Simpson M, Bontinck PA, Golding J, Grant T, Fearnley J, Falivene S. Emissions Reduction Strategies for the Orange and Cherry Industries in New South Wales. Foods 2023; 12:3328. [PMID: 37761038 PMCID: PMC10527705 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The orange and cherry industries in New South Wales, Australia, are major horticulture industries with a high export value. Climate change has resulted in the carbon footprint of products being used by consumers to guide purchases meaning that products with a relatively high carbon footprint risk losing market access. The carbon footprint of cherry and orange production is unknown and there is no assessment of the success of climate change mitigation strategies to reduce the carbon footprint of their production and move production towards being carbon neutral. This study assesses the climate change mitigation potential of five management changes to on-farm cherry and orange production (revegetation, the use of nitrification inhibitors, renewable energy, green N fertilisers, and pyrolysis of orchard residues) over a 25-year period. for example, orchards in relevant growing regions. The results show that the carbon footprint of production can be reduced by 73 and 83% for cherries and oranges, respectively, when strategies that avoid emissions are included in their production. When strategies that sequester C from the atmosphere are also included, cherry and orange production becomes C negative in the first few years of the scenario. The economics of implementing these strategies are unfavourable, at present; however, our results indicate that the NSW cherry and orange industries can be confident in achieving emissions reductions in on-farm production to assure market access for their products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Simmons
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Muldoon St., Taree, NSW 2430, Australia
- School of Business, University of New England, Elm Ave, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - Marja Simpson
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | | | - John Golding
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Locked Bag 26, Gosford, NSW 2250, Australia;
| | - Tim Grant
- Lifecycles, 2/398 Smith Street, Collingwood, VIC 3066, Australia; (P.-A.B.)
| | - Jess Fearnley
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia
| | - Steven Falivene
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, P.O. Box 62, Dareton, NSW 2717, Australia
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Yu B, Wang L, Zhang J, Lyu D. Natural Grass Cultivation Management Improves Apple Fruit Quality by Regulating Soil Mineral Nitrogen Content and Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism. Metabolites 2023; 13:925. [PMID: 37623869 PMCID: PMC10456723 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Orchard grass cultivation management is an effective measure to safeguard the sustainable development of the fruit industry in China. However, details of the influence of natural sod culture management on carbon (C)-nitrogen (N) nutrition of trees and fruit quality in Hanfu apple orchards are lacking. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted, which consisted of two treatments: clean tillage (CT) and natural grass cultivation (NG). Results revealed that NG treatment contributed to the increases in soil organic matter (SOM), total N, and soil NH4+-N at depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, while the soil NO3--N concentration under NG treatment was significantly decreased at the same depth, within the range of 0-200 cm of the soil profile, compared with CT. NG treatment also significantly promoted leaf photosynthesis and enhanced leaf N and fruit sugar metabolism. The results of isotope labeling showed that NG treatment obviously elevated the 13C accumulation and distribution rate in fruits, as well as the 15N accumulation in the whole tree, whereas the 15N accumulation in fruits decreased. Furthermore, NG treatment significantly increased the fruit anthocyanin content. These results provide theoretical references for the feasibility of natural sod culture management to improve fruit quality in Hanfu apple orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Deguo Lyu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (B.Y.); (L.W.); (J.Z.)
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Yang G, Wang Y, Wang S, Zhao X. Legume cover with optimal nitrogen management and nitrification inhibitor enhanced net ecosystem economic benefits of peach orchard. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162141. [PMID: 36764557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peach (Prunus persica L.), as a traditional kind of fruits in China, was extremely dependent on large application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maintain high fruit yield and commercial income, resulting in raising environmental damage risk. Therefore, a three-year field trail was conducted to clarify the environmental N loss under conventional management, investigate the positive effects of optimal N management, legume cover and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) on N input/output and the net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB). There are four treatments in this study: conventional fertilizer management with 521.1 kg N ha-1 yr-1 input (CU); optimal N management including 406.4 kg N ha-1 yr-1 input and deep fertilization (OP); DMPP was added to OP at rate of 1 % (w/w) (OPD); legume (white clover) was covered to OPD (OPDG). Results showed 102.9 kg N ha-1 was removed by annual fruit and residues (including pruned branches, pruned and fallen leaves), while 70.2 kg N ha-1 was lost to the environment by ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and N runoff loss under the conventional fertilizer management. While, the optimal N management mitigated NH3 volatilization about 49.3 %, further added DMPP abated N2O emission by 61.4 %, besides covered white clover lowered N runoff loss by 64.5 %. The NEEB results revealed that optimal N management combined with added DMPP and covered white clover could minimize the production cost, reduce environmental damage cost by 35.9 %, increase fruit yield by 10.3 % and achieved the maximum NEEB with improvement of 27.1 %, in comparison of the conventional fertilizer management. Generally, conventional peach cultivation constituted overwhelming N loss to raise potential environmental risk. While, extending mode of optimized N management combined with DMPP and legume cover could not only realize high fruit revenue, but also abate environmental N losses, thereby should be considered as effective strategy for sustainable fruit cropping systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shenqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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10
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Liu J, Lyu M, Xu X, Liu C, Qin H, Tian G, Zhu Z, Ge S, Jiang Y. Exogenous sucrose promotes the growth of apple rootstocks under high nitrate supply by modulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 192:196-206. [PMID: 36244192 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Excessive nitrogen (N) supply often leads to an imbalance of carbon (C) and N metabolism and inhibits plant growth. Sucrose, an important source and signaling substance of C in plants, is closely linked to N metabolism. However, it is not clear whether exogenous sucrose can mitigate the inhibitory effect of high N on plant growth by regulating C and N metabolism. In this study, we investigated the effects of exogenous sucrose on the growth, N metabolism, and C assimilation in the apple rootstock M26 seedlings under normal (5 mM NO3-, NN) and high (30 mM NO3-, HN) NO3- concentrations. Our results showed that high NO3- supply reduced plant growth, photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence, but spraying with 1% sucrose (HN + 1% Sucrose) significantly alleviated this inhibition. Application of 1% sucrose increased sucrose and sorbitol contents as well as sucrose-phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities in the plants under HN treatment and promoted the distribution of 13C photoassimilation products to the root. In addition, spraying with 1% sucrose alleviated the inhibition of N metabolizing enzyme activities by high NO3- supply, reduced NO3- accumulation and N content, increased free amino acid content, and promoted 15N distribution to the aboveground parts. However, spraying with 1% sucrose under the NN treatment negatively affected plant photosynthesis and carbon assimilation. In conclusion, exogenous sucrose increased the C level in plants in the presence of excess N, promoted the balance of C and N metabolism, and alleviated the inhibitory effect of high N on the apple plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxue Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Xinxiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Chunling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Hanhan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ge Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Shunfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuanmao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Shi J, Xun M, Song J, Zhang W, Fan W, Yang H. Regulation effects of carbonized apple branches on absorption, distribution, and utilization of 15N single-labeled ammonium nitrate ( 15NH 4NO 3 or NH 415NO 3) in Malus hupehensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:197-206. [PMID: 35868109 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To improve the utilization of nitrogen fertilizer and orchard waste, the apple branches were separated and pyrolyzed into carbonized wood and carbonized bark, and then applied to root-zone soil of potted Malus hupehensis. The physiological characteristics of leaves and roots were detected, and the absorption, utilization, and distribution of 15NH4NO3 and NH415NO3 in plants were analyzed using the 15N isotope tracer technique. The results indicated that the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of leaves, the root growth, and the activity of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase were greatest increased by 1.0% (w:w) carbonized bark and carbonized wood, and the effect of carbonized bark was more effective. The carbonized bark more effectively increased nitrogen derived from fertilizer (Ndff) value in all organs, the distribution of 15N in roots, and utilization of the 15NH4NO3 and NH415NO3 of Malus hupehensis compared with carbonized wood at the same application ratio, and 1.0% ratio performed better than other ratios in these terms. The Malus hupehensis treated with carbonized bark had the highest utilization ratio of 15NH4NO3 (10.54%) when the application ratio was 1.0%, and the corresponding parameter of NH415NO3 was 12.98%. The soil immobilization capacity of 15N was improved, and carbonized bark resulted in the greatest decrease in the loss ratios of 15NH4NO3 and NH415NO3 under 1.0% ratio, which decreased by 27.33% and 30.08%, respectively. For reducing nitrogen loss and improving nitrogen utilization, carbonized bark was more effective than carbonized wood, mainly because bark contained more cellulose and less lignin than wood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Shi
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street No. 61, Taishan District, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Mi Xun
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street No. 61, Taishan District, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Jianfei Song
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street No. 61, Taishan District, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street No. 61, Taishan District, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Weiguo Fan
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street No. 61, Taishan District, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| | - Hongqiang Yang
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Daizong Street No. 61, Taishan District, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
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