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Guiré R, Shah NA, Meda RN, Ghafoor H, Haq IU, Salo P, Yaseen A, Al-Asmari F, Zongo E, Ramadan MF, Rizvi SAH, Turi SH. Insecticidal Activities of Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen Extracts and Feeding Behavior of Schizaphis graminum Rondani: Electropenetrography Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32799-32806. [PMID: 39100282 PMCID: PMC11292658 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The aphid, Schizaphis graminum Rondani (Hemiptera: Aphididae), is one of the most destructive pests of wheat. It is responsible for significant economic losses in the agricultural sector, with an estimated 45% of wheat fields affected. Plant-based insecticides have seen a rapid increase in popularity in recent years due to their efficacy, cost-effectiveness, biodegradability, and lower toxicity compared to synthetic pesticides. The study aimed to evaluate the toxic potential of S. longipedunculata extracts against S. graminum and investigate the insect's feeding behavior on wheat. Initially macerated in methanol, the different extracts of S. longipedunculata organs were fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol. The feeding behavior was analyzed by comparing the waveforms generated by the EPG with the control. After 72 h of treatment, the ethyl acetate fraction extracted from root had the highest toxicity against aphids, with mean 26 mortality of S. graminum at LC50 of 330 ppm; 25 mortality S. graminum at LC50 of 400 ppm for leaves; and mean 24.5 mortality S. graminum at LC50 of 540 ppm in stem bark. EPG analysis indicated that the extract fractions enhanced plant tissue resistance by significantly preventing aphid access to the phloem. The toxic effect of the botanical extracts significantly enhanced the chemical composition of the leaf medium, resulting in a drastic reduction in the number of tissue attacks by S. graminum. In summary, besides their toxicity to S. graminum, extracts of S. longipedunculata reinforce the plant's defense mechanisms, significantly reducing the S. graminum population. They also reinforce wheat's defense mechanisms. S. longipedunculata can, therefore, be used as a promising agent in the biological control of S. graminum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmané Guiré
- Laboratory
of Research and Teaching in Animal Health and Biotechnology, Nazi Boni University, Bobo-Dioulasso 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Naseer Ali Shah
- Department
of Biosciences, COMSTATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Roland N.T Meda
- Laboratory
of Research and Teaching in Animal Health and Biotechnology, Nazi Boni University, Bobo-Dioulasso 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Hina Ghafoor
- Department
of Biosciences, COMSTATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Insect
Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad 45652, Pakistan
| | - Pousbila Salo
- Laboratory
of Research and Teaching in Animal Health and Biotechnology, Nazi Boni University, Bobo-Dioulasso 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Aqsa Yaseen
- Insect
Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad 45652, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Al-Asmari
- Department
of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eliasse Zongo
- Laboratory
of Research and Teaching in Animal Health and Biotechnology, Nazi Boni University, Bobo-Dioulasso 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan
- Department
of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Arif Hussain Rizvi
- College of
Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Pmas-Arid
Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
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Larsen AE, Quandt A, Foxfoot I, Parker N, Sousa D. The effect of agricultural land retirement on pesticide use. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165224. [PMID: 37392893 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural land retirement generates risks and opportunities for ecological communities and ecosystem services. Of particular interest is the influence of retired cropland on agricultural pests and pesticides, as these uncultivated lands may directly shift the distribution of pesticide use and may serve as a source of pests and/or natural enemies for remaining active croplands. Few studies have investigated how agricultural pesticide use is impacted by land retirement. Here we couple field-level crop and pesticide data from over 200,000 field-year observations and 15 years of production in Kern County, CA, USA to investigate: 1) how much pesticide use and applied toxicity are avoided annually due to the direct effects of retirement, 2) whether surrounding retirement drives pesticide use on active cropland and what types of pesticides are most influenced, and 3) whether the effect of surrounding retirement on pesticide use is dependent on the age or revegetation cover on retired parcels. Our results suggest about 100 kha are idle in any given year, which equates to about 1.3-3 M kg of pesticide active ingredients foregone. We also find retired lands lead to a small increase in total pesticide use on nearby active lands even after controlling for a combination of crop-, farmer-, region- and year-specific heterogeneity. More specifically, the results suggest a 10 % increase in retired lands nearby results in about a 0.6 % increase in pesticides, with the effect sizes increasing as a function of the duration of continuous fallowing, but decreasing or even reversing sign at high levels of revegetation cover. Our results suggest increasingly prevalent agricultural land retirement can shift the distribution of pesticides based on what crops are retired and what active crops remain nearby.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Larsen
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, United States of America.
| | - Amy Quandt
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, United States of America
| | - Iris Foxfoot
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - Nicol Parker
- Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UC Santa Barbara, United States of America
| | - Daniel Sousa
- Department of Geography, San Diego State University, United States of America
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Gul H, Ul Haq I, Ullah F, Khan S, Yaseen A, Shah SH, Tariq K, Güncan A, Desneux N, Liu X. Impact of sublethal concentrations of flonicamid on key demographic parameters and feeding behavior of Schizaphis graminum. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:756-767. [PMID: 37462788 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Flonicamid is a novel systemic insecticide that efficiently controls sap-sucking insect pests. However, the impact of sublethal concentrations of flonicamid on key demographic parameters and the feeding behavior of greenbug, Schizaphis graminum has not yet been studied. In this study, we used the age stage, two-sex life table approach, and electrical penetration graphs (EPGs) to investigate the sublethal effects of flonicamid on the biological traits and feeding behavior of S. graminum. Bioassays showed that flonicamid possesses high toxicity to adult S. graminum with LC50 of 5.111 mg L-1 following 48 h exposure. Sublethal concentrations of flonicamid (LC5 and LC10) significantly decreased the longevity and fecundity of directly exposed parental aphids (F0), while the reproductive days were reduced only at LC10. The pre-adult stage and total pre-reproductive period (TPRP) increased in F1 individuals after exposure of F0 aphids to the sublethal concentrations of flonicamid. Furthermore, the adult longevity, fecundity and key demographic parameters (R0, r, and λ) were significantly reduced in progeny generation (F1). EPG recordings showed that the total duration of phloem sap ingestion and concurrent salivation (E2) decreased substantially in F0 and F1 aphids after exposure to LC5 and LC10 of flonicamid. Taken together, our results showed that the sublethal concentrations of flonicamid affect the demographic parameters and feeding behavior that ultimately suppress the population growth of S. graminum. This study provides in-depth information about the overall effects of flonicamid on S. graminum that might help to manage this key pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Gul
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ihsan Ul Haq
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Farman Ullah
- Department of Plant Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanza Khan
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Yaseen
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Said Hussain Shah
- Insect Pest Management Program, Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kaleem Tariq
- Department of Entomology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ali Güncan
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ordu University, 52200, Ordu, Turkey.
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, 06000, Nice, France
| | - Xiaoxia Liu
- MARA Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Nurdin M, Sari IDW, Mardhatillah M, Herdianto N, Wibowo D, Maulidiyah M, Mappasomba M, Ansharullah A, Bijang C. Highly Ecofriendly Inorganic Pesticide Based on TiO 2 Incorporated with Nano-Carbon Composites for Phytophthora palmivora Fungus Disinfection. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:216-221. [PMID: 37325018 PMCID: PMC10267045 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop destruction organisms are an essential factor hindering cocoa plants' production yield. It is the biggest problem for cocoa farmers to resolve and reduce the impact of the P. palmivora fungus on cocoa pods. Herein, this study presents the optimization of inorganic pesticides based on nano-carbon self-doped TiO2 (C/TiO2) nanocomposites capable of disinfecting broad-spectrum P. palmivora microorganisms for the practical application of photodisinfection technology. C/TiO2 nanocomposite-based inorganic pesticide has been prepared by sol-gel method to produce nanospray and planted in media containing P. palmivora fungus. To identify the various composition of the C/TiO2 nanospray, they were evaluated by FTIR spectroscopy to observe the functional groups of the nano-carbon and TiO2, which clearly contained -OH (3446-3448 cm-1), C≡C (2366-2370 cm-1), C=O (1797-1799 cm-1), C-H (1425 cm-1), C-O (1163-1203 cm-1), C-H (875-877 cm-1), and Ti-O (875-877 cm-1) groups. Some researchers have reported that nano-carbon significantly changes the band gap energy of TiO2 under visible light and can also be active under dark conditions. This statement is relevant to our experimental results that 0.3% C/TiO2 nanocomposites can inhibit the fungus P. palmivora with a percentage inhibition value of 72.7%. However, the high-performance efficiency proved strong when subjected to visible light irradiation with an inhibition value of 98.6%. Our results indicate that C/TiO2 nanocomposites have great potential in agricultural plant pathogen disinfection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12088-023-01076-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nurdin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93231 Indonesia
| | - Icheu Dini Widia Sari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93231 Indonesia
| | - Mardhatillah Mardhatillah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93231 Indonesia
| | - N. Herdianto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93231 Indonesia
| | - Dwiprayogo Wibowo
- Present Address: Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Kendari, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93117 Indonesia
| | - Maulidiyah Maulidiyah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93231 Indonesia
| | - Musadar Mappasomba
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93231 Indonesia
| | - Ansharullah Ansharullah
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Universitas Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93231 Indonesia
| | - Catherina Bijang
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Pattimura, Ambon, Maluku 97233 Indonesia
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Ahmed AIM, Macirella R, Talarico F, Curcio V, Trotta G, Aiello D, Gharbi N, Mezzasalma M, Brunelli E. Short-term effects of the strobilurin fungicide dimoxystrobin on zebrafish gills: A morpho-functional study. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 333:138914. [PMID: 37187376 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Strobilurins represent the most widely used class of fungicides nowadays andare considered relatively non-toxic to mammals and birds but highly toxic to aquatic biota. Dimoxystrobin is one of the novel strobilurins, recently included in the 3rd Watch List of the European Commission as available data indicate that it could pose a significant risk to aquatic species. As yet, the number of studies explicitly assessing the impact of this fungicide on terrestrial and aquatic species is extremely low, and the toxic effects of dimoxystrobin on fish have not been reported. Here we investigate for the first time the alterations induced by two environmentally relevant and very low concentrations of dimoxystrobin (6.56 and 13.13 μg/L) in the fish gills. morphological, morphometric, ultrastructural, and functional alterations have been evaluated using zebrafish as a model species. We demonstrated that even short-term exposure (96 h) to dimoxystrobin alters fish gills reducing the surface available for gas exchange and inducing severe alterations encompassing three reaction patterns: circulatory disturbance and both regressive and progressive changes. Furthermore, we revealed that this fungicide impairs the expression of key enzymes involved in osmotic and acid-base regulation (Na+/K+-ATPase and AQP3) and the defensive response against oxidative stress (SOD and CAT). The information presented here highlights the importance of combining data from different analytical methods for evaluating the toxic potential of currently used and new agrochemical compounds. Our results will also contribute to the discussion on the suitability of mandatory ecotoxicological tests on vertebrates before the introduction on the market of new compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalmoiz I M Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rachele Macirella
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Federica Talarico
- Natural History Museum and Botanical Garden, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Vittoria Curcio
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Donatella Aiello
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Naouel Gharbi
- Fish Biology and Aquaculture Group, Ocean and Environment Department, NORCE Norwegian Research Center, 5006 Bergen, Norway
| | - Marcello Mezzasalma
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Elvira Brunelli
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST) - University of Calabria, Via P. Bucci 4/B, 87036, Rende, Cosenza, Italy.
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6
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Brewer MJ, Elliott NC. Recent advances in agroecological research for increasing scope of areawide pest management of arthropods in cropping systems. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 56:101019. [PMID: 36868407 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We propose that a growing research base considering pest management as an ecosystem service can be leveraged to expand areawide pest management (AWPM) to an agroecological-oriented framework when addressing pest arthropods in cropping systems. This AWPM framework centers on the innate capacity of the agroecosystem to suppress pests and is supported with strategic insertion of AWPM tactics. Recent studies on agroecological pest management are valuable to identify AWPM candidates. The estimation and predictability of AWPM outcomes may be improved by measuring effects of interactions of pest and pest suppression agents, and mediating factors such as landscape and weather. This knowledge helps formulate selection and strategic insertion of AWPM tactics into the system to support innate pest suppression. Advances in biotechnology and agricultural engineering have increased effectiveness of AWPM tactics, further improving positive AWPM outcomes. Furthermore, multifunctional agricultural, environmental, and economic benefits may be seen when adopting this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Brewer
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Corpus Christi, TX, United States.
| | - Norman C Elliott
- Plant Science Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Stillwater, OK, United States
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Nelson KS, Burchfield EK. Defining features of diverse and productive agricultural systems: An archetype analysis of U.S. agricultural counties. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1081079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior research suggests that greater spatial diversity in crops and land use is associated with higher crop yields and improved ecosystem function. However, what leads to the emergence of agricultural systems that meet both productivity and ecological health goals remains an open question. Understanding the factors that differentiate these places from other agricultural systems is key to understanding the mechanisms, pathways, consequences, and constraints to employing diversification as a tool for increasing agricultural sustainability. In this study, we employ archetype analysis to examine the factors uniquely associated with the conjoint existence of high crop diversity and high crop productivity. We identify five agricultural system classes that represent a range of diversity and productivity combinations using k-means cluster analysis then use random forests analysis to identify factors that strongly explain the differences between the classes—describing different agricultural production regimes. Our exploratory analysis of the difference in agricultural system factors across classes suggests (1) crop diversity and its preconditions are associated with the highest yields, (2) biophysical conditions bound diversity-productivity realities, (3) productivity comes at a petrochemical cost, and that (4) crop rotations are a key diversification strategy. Overall, our results suggest that despite clear biophysical constraints on transitions to high diversity—high productivity systems the role of actionable factors on crop production regimes is stronger, providing reason to be hopeful about transitions to agricultural production regimes fit for new climate realities.
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Zou Y, Zhong Y, Yu H, Pokharel SS, Fang W, Chen F. Impacts of Ecological Shading by Roadside Trees on Tea Foliar Nutritional and Bioactive Components, Community Diversity of Insects and Soil Microbes in Tea Plantation. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121800. [PMID: 36552309 PMCID: PMC9775167 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Roadside trees not only add aesthetic appeal to tea plantations, but also serve important ecological purposes for the shaded tea plants. In this study, we selected tea orchards with two access roads, from east to west (EW-road) and from south to north (SN-road), and the roadside trees formed three types of ecological shading of the adjoining tea plants; i.e., south shading (SS) by the roadside trees on the EW-road, and east shading and west shading (ES and WS) by the roadside trees on the SN-road. We studied the impacts of ecological shading by roadside trees on the tea plants, insects, and soil microbes in the tea plantation, by measuring the contents of soluble nutrients, bioactive compounds in the tea, and tea quality indices; and by investigating the population occurrence of key species of insects and calculating insect community indexes, while simultaneously assaying the soil microbiome. The results vividly demonstrated that the shading formed by roadside tree lines on the surrounding tea plantation (SS, ES, and WS) had adverse effects on the concentration of tea soluble sugars but enhanced the foliar contents of bioactive components and improved the overall tea quality, in contrast to the no-shading control tea plants. In addition, the roadside tree lines seemed to be beneficial for the tea plantation, as they reduced pest occurrence, and ES shading enhanced the microbial soil diversity in the rhizosphere of the tea plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zou
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanni Zhong
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Forest Genetics and Breeding, College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Sabin Saurav Pokharel
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wanping Fang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-13512504245 (W.F.); +86-13675173286 (F.C.)
| | - Fajun Chen
- Department of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence: (W.F.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-13512504245 (W.F.); +86-13675173286 (F.C.)
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Multi-Scale Effects of Landscape Stucture on Epigaeic Arthropods Diversity in Arable Land System: A Case in Changtu County of Northern China. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11070979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the multi-scale effects of arable land landscape on epigaeic arthropod diversity is essential for biodiversity conservation and agroecosystem services. Our study explored the overall effect of landscape elements on epigaeic arthropod diversity at three scales of landscape, habitat, and field. We selected 11 areas to sample using the trap method, and construct models of landscape elements and biodiversity data. The results showed that: (1) On the landscape scale, 1500 m was the optimal radius. Shannon’s diversity index and interspersion and juxtaposition index can explain the diversity of epigaeic arthropods at the level of 76.7%. (2) On the habitat scale (the radius less than 100 m), habitat types significantly affected the species number, Pielou evenness index, and individual number of epigaeic arthropods (p < 0.05). The distribution of epigaeic arthropods had an obvious margin effect. (3) On the field scale, we also revealed The Shannon diversity index and Pielou evenness index of herb vegetation structure can explain the change of epigaeic arthropod community structure at the level of 69.1%. We believe that an appropriate scale is the best lever to protect agricultural biodiversity. Our research can promote multi-scale integrated conservation of regional biodiversity and sustainable development of agricultural systems.
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Optimizing the Use of Basil as a Functional Plant for the Biological Control of Aphids by Chrysopa pallens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in Greenhouses. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13060552. [PMID: 35735889 PMCID: PMC9225561 DOI: 10.3390/insects13060552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Functional plants can be deployed at the field, farm, and landscape scale, where they are beneficial to natural enemies, thus contributing to improved pest control. To explore how non-crop plants can augment the biological control of pests, this study aimed to assess how basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), as a functional plant, affected the lacewing Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) in the laboratory and greenhouse. The results showed that in the presence of the target prey (peach aphid; Myzus persicae (Sulzer)), both the vegetative and flowering stages of basil enhanced C. pallens (early-age) fecundity and longevity as compared to a control treatment in the laboratory. Similarly, lacewing colonization patterns were modulated by the basil planting density and spatial arrangement in the greenhouse. Under high density intercrop basil arrangements, C. pallens colonization rates were the highest, the populations persisted longer in the crop, and the aphid numbers declined more rapidly. This work showed how basil enhanced the fitness attributes of a generalist predatory lacewing and benefitted aphid biological control in a short time. It can inform the development of economically sound management strategies to attain pest control with minimum inputs. Abstract Effective biological control agents that can provide sustainable pest control need to be researched in further detail; functional plants (or non-crop insectary plants), in particular, are garnering increased research interest. Much remains to be learned as to how non-crop plants can augment biological control in greenhouse systems. In this study, we combined laboratory and greenhouse assays to assess the extent to which basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) (Lamiales: Lamiaceae) affected the biological control of aphids by the predatory lacewing Chrysopa pallens (Rambur) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In the presence of the target prey (peach aphid; Myzus persicae (Sulzer)), both the vegetative and flowering stages of basil enhanced C. pallens longevity and (early-age) fecundity as compared to a control treatment. When basil plants were established near aphid infested eggplants (Solanum melongena L.), the C. pallens colonization rate improved by 72–92% in the short-term. Lacewing colonization patterns were modulated by the basil planting density and spatial arrangement (i.e., perimeter planting vs. intercropping). Under high density intercrop arrangements, C. pallens colonization rates were highest, its populations persisted longer in the crop, and the aphid numbers declined more rapidly. Our work shows how basil enhanced the key fitness attributes of a generalist predatory lacewing and benefitted aphid biological control in a greenhouse setting.
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Pandey S, Johnson AC, Xie G, Gurr GM. Pesticide Regime Can Negate the Positive Influence of Native Vegetation Donor Habitat on Natural Enemy Abundance in Adjacent Crop Fields. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.815162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of non-crop vegetation to conservation biological control of insect pests in adjacent crops have often been demonstrated. Other studies have established that pesticide use can negatively impact natural enemies; but little is known about the outcomes from providing non-crop vegetation in systems with pesticide use. Here we conducted a natural experiment, sampling arthropods from within a set of four fields with varying pesticide use intensities that were otherwise similar and had perennial native vegetation adjacent to a single edge. Bayesian network analysis was applied to model the entire data set, then sensitivity analysis of numbers of arthropods captured in pitfall traps and sticky traps revealed that the overall effect of pesticide toxicity was large. Numbers of multiple arthropod taxa were especially strongly reduced in fields with pesticide regimes that had greater calculated toxicity scores. The effects on natural enemy numbers of the presence of adjacent perennial native vegetation was weaker than the effect of pesticide regime for all taxa except for Staphilinidae, for which it was equivalent. The benefit to in-crop numbers of natural enemies from the adjacent vegetation was strongest for ground active Araneae, Formicidae, and Dermaptera. Descriptive statistical analysis of the spatial distribution in the least heavily sprayed field suggested that the native vegetation was donor habitat for in-crop natural enemies, especially Hymenoptera, Dermaptera, and Formicidae, with numbers elevated close to the native vegetation, an effect that was apparent for around 100 m. Conservation of invertebrates in agricultural landscapes, including efforts to promote natural enemies for conservation biological control, are strongly impeded by “real world” pesticide regimes that include frequent applications and toxic compounds. Landscape features such as perennial native woody vegetation are potentially important refuges for a wide range of natural enemy taxa. The donor habitat effect of such refuges can elevate in-crop densities of these important ecosystem service providers over a scale of around 100 m, implying scope to enhance the strength of biological control in large fields (around 4 ha) by use of entirely wooded margins provided pesticide use is moderated.
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Nanotechnology-Based Bioactive Antifeedant for Plant Protection. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040630. [PMID: 35214959 PMCID: PMC8879102 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The productivity of vegetable crops is constrained by insect pests. The search for alternative insect pest control is becoming increasingly important and is including the use of plant-derived pesticides. Plant-derived pesticides are reported as effective in controlling various insect pests through natural mechanisms, with biodegradable organic materials, diverse bioactivity, and low toxicity to non-target organisms. An antifeedant approach for insect control in crop management has been comprehensively studied by many researchers, though it has only been restricted to plant-based compounds and to the laboratory level at least. Nano-delivery formulations of biopesticides offer a wide variety of benefits, including increased effectiveness and efficiency (well-dispersion, wettability, and target delivery) with the improved properties of the antifeedant. This review paper evaluates the role of the nano-delivery system in antifeedant obtained from various plant extracts. The evaluation includes the research progress of antifeedant-based nano-delivery systems and the bioactivity performances of different types of nano-carrier formulations against various insect pests. An antifeedant nano-delivery system can increase their bioactivities, such as increasing sublethal bioactivity or reducing toxicity levels in both crude extracts/essential oils (EOs) and pure compounds. However, the plant-based antifeedant requires nanotechnological development to improve the nano-delivery systems regarding properties related to the bioactive functionality and the target site of insect pests. It is highlighted that the formulation of plant extracts creates a forthcoming insight for a field-scale application of this nano-delivery antifeedant due to the possible economic production process.
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