1
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Zhao Y, Fan X, Song T, Leng B, Qin Y, Qian G. Single modular flow-electrode capacitive deionization using modified Prussian blue analogues as cation intercalation electrode for continuous water desalination. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34397-1. [PMID: 39068614 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Ion back-diffusion hinders the practical application of conventional flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) under long-term operational conditions. To address this challenge, the present study integrated cation intercalation deionization (CID) with FCDI. A novel PFCDI-CID system was developed by utilizing a modified Prussian blue analogues owing to their enhanced rheological and electrochemical properties. The PFCDI-CID system achieved a high charge efficiency of 89.77% and an energy-normalized removal salt of 0.69 mol kJ-1 in single-cycle (SC) mode with the flow electrodes mass fraction of 2% and a desalinized water chamber-to-concentrated saline water chamber ratio of 2:1. Furthermore, under continuous operation for 12 h in SC mode, the PFCDI-CID system maintained stable desalination performance within the first 2 h. Over an extended duration, the average charge efficiency of the PFCDI-CID system was maintained at 88.44%, with an average energy-normalized removal salt of 0.65 mol kJ-1. The mechanism revealed that the desalination process involving the Prussian blue analogues primarily involves Na+ intercalation, accompanied by a small amount of electro-sorption process. This system exhibits the characteristics of conventional FCDI while enabling desalination and concentration of simulated saline water during brine discharge, thereby mitigating the impact of ion back-diffusion and broadening the application scope of FCDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xinyu Fan
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Tianwen Song
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Bing Leng
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Guangsheng Qian
- Centre for Regional Oceans, and Department of Ocean Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, 999078, China.
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2
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Zeng Z, Huang Q, Li Q, Yan J, Zhao X, Huang L, Zhao S, Zhang H. Experimental and DFT calculation study on the efficient removal of high fluoride wastewater from metallurgical wastewater by kaolinite. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 260:119604. [PMID: 39002636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride pollution and water scarcity are urgent issues. Reducing fluoride concentration in water is crucial. Kaolinite has been used to study adsorption and fluoride removal in water and to characterize material properties. The experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of kaolinite decreased with increasing pH. The highest adsorption of fluoride occurred at pH 2, with a capacity of 11.1 mg/g. The fluoride removal efficiency remained high after four regeneration cycles. The fitting results with the Freundlich isotherm model and the external diffusion model showed that the non-homogeneous adsorption of kaolinite fit the adsorption behavior better. Finally, the adsorption mechanism was analyzed by FT-IR and XPS. The binding energies of various adsorption sites and the chemical adsorption properties of atomic states were discussed in relation to DFT calculations. The results showed that Al and H sites were the main binding sites, and the bonding stability for different forms of fluoride varies, with the size of Al-F (-7.498 eV) > H-F (-6.04 eV) > H-HF (-3.439 eV) > Al-HF (-3.283 eV). Furthermore, the density of states and Mulliken charge distribution revealed that the 2p orbital of F was found to be active in the adsorption process and was the main orbital for charge transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qisheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Sijie Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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3
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Zhang Y, Bu X, Wang Y, Hang Z, Chen Z. Hierarchically porous biochar derived from aerobic granular sludge for high-performance membrane capacitive deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ECOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 17:100297. [PMID: 37635953 PMCID: PMC10457425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) is a cost-effective desalination technique known for its low energy consumption. The performance of MCDI cells relies on the properties of electrode materials. Activated carbon is the most widely used electrode material. However, the capacitive carbon available on the market is often expensive. Here, we developed hierarchically porous biochar by combining carbonization and activation processes, using easily acquired aerobic granular sludge (AGS) from biological sewage treatment plants as a precursor. The biochar had a specific surface area of 1822.07 m2 g-1, with a micropore area ratio of 58.65% and a micropore volume of 0.576 cm3 g-1. The MCDI cell employing the biochar as electrodes demonstrated a specific adsorption capacity of 34.35 mg g-1, comparable to commercially available activated carbon electrodes. Our study presents a green and sustainable approach for preparing highly efficient, hierarchically porous biochar from AGS, offering great potential for enhanced performance in MCDI applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xudong Bu
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zhenyu Hang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin, 150090, China
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4
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Zhang H, Wan K, Yan J, Li Q, Guo Y, Huang L, Arulmani SRB, Luo J. The function of doping nitrogen on removing fluoride with decomposing La-MOF-NH 2: Density functional theory calculation and experiments. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:118-129. [PMID: 37778789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride is an important pollutant in wastewater, and adsorption is an effective way to remove fluoride. Because nitrogen plays an important role in adsorbent materials, computational models were developed to understand the changes in work function resulting from nitrogen doping. La-N-C-800°C, was prepared by pyrolyzing La-MOF-NH2 to verify the influence on the performance of removing fluoride by electrosorption. Material and electrochemical performance tests were performed to characterize La-N-C-800°C. Adsorption kinetics, adsorption thermodynamics, initial concentrations, pH, and ions competition were investigated using La-N-C-800°C for fluoride removal. In addition, density functional theory was applied to evaluate the function of nitrogen. When nitrogen atoms were added, the density of states, partial density of states, populations, and different orbits of charge were calculated to discover deep changes. Nitrogen strengthened the carbon structure and La2O3 structure to remove fluoride. In addition, nitrogen can also act as an adsorption site in the carbon structure. These results provide design ideas for improving the performance of adsorbent materials by doping elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kuilin Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yufang Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | | | - Jian Luo
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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5
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Sun H, Zhang X, Cui M, Liu G, Liu H, Huang S, Ghasimi DSM, Liu H. Separation of nutrients and acetate from sewage sludge fermentation liquid in flow-electrode capacitive deionization system: Competitive mechanisms of ions and influence of activated carbon. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129864. [PMID: 37839646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective separation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia (NH4+-N) and reactive phosphorous (RP) generated from anaerobic fermentation liquid is critically important for efficient resource recovery. Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is proven to be capable of efficient removal of ions, environmentally friendly and cost-effective in operation. The performances of FCDI system in the separation of NH4+-N, RP, and acetate and mechanism of pHs and activated carbon on their performances were investigated. Results showed that a pH of 5.0 promoted the removal of NH4+-N (53.1 %) and RP (39.5 %), and 72.0 % of acetate was retained in the solution, which revealed that removal of NH4+-N and RP, and retention of acetate were evidently affected by speciation of ions. Furthermore, the recovery of NH4+-N and RP was undermined by the adsorption of ions on activated carbon. This study provides a novel insight of ion selective mechanism during the operation of the FCDI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Sun
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xuedong Zhang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Minhua Cui
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Guoshuai Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
| | - Shengjie Huang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dara S M Ghasimi
- Department of Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 66833, Saudi Arabia
| | - He Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Material, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China.
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6
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Xu L, Zhang Y, Li T, Peng S, Wu D. Simultaneous desalination and molecular resource recovery from wastewater using an electrical separation system integrated with a supporting liquid membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 246:120706. [PMID: 37820511 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Separating molecular substances from wastewater has always been a challenge in wastewater treatment. In this study, we propose a new strategy for simultaneous desalination and selective recovery of molecular resources, by introducing a supported liquid membrane (SLM) with molecular selectivity into an asymmetric flow-electrode capacitive deionization. Salts and molecular substances in wastewater are removed after passing through the ion separation chamber and the molecular separation chamber, respectively. Faradaic reactions, i.e., the electrolysis of water with OH-, occurred in the electrochemical cathode electrode provides a sufficient and continuous chemical potential gradient for the cross-SLM transport of phenol (a model molecule substance). By optimizing the formulation of the liquid membrane and the pore size of the support membrane, we obtained the SLM with the best performance for separating phenol. In continuous experiment tests, the electrochemical membrane system showed stable separation performance and long-term stability for simultaneous salts removal and phenol (sodium phenol) recovery from wastewater. Finally, we demonstrate the potential application of this technology for the recovery of different carbon resources. Overall, the electrochemical system based on SLM is suitable for various wastewater treatment needs and provides a new approach for the recovery of molecular resources in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Shanghai 200092, China.
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7
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Wang T, Zhang Z, Gu Z, Hu C, Qu J. Electron Transfer of Activated Carbon to Anode Excites and Regulates Desalination in Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:2566-2574. [PMID: 36719078 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The desalination performance of flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) is determined by the ion adsorption on the powdered activated carbon (PAC) and the electron transfer between the current collector and PAC. However, a comprehensive understanding of rate-limiting steps is lacking, let alone to enhance FCDI desalination by regulating the PAC characteristics. This study showed that the electron transfer between PAC and the current collector on the anode side was the rate-limiting step of FCDI desalination. Compared with W900, the desalination performance of FCDI decreased by 95% when W1200 with weak electron transfer ability was used as a flow electrode. The PAC selected in this study transferred electrons directly through the conductive carbon matrix in FCDI and was mainly affected by graphitization. The desalination performance of FCDI was improved by 20 times when the graphitization degree of PAC increased from 0.69 to 1.03. The minimum energy required for electrons to escape from the PAC surface was reduced by the high degree of graphitization, from 4.27 to 3.52 eV, thus improving the electron transfer capacity of PAC on the anode side. This study provides a direction for the optimization of flow electrodes and further promotes the development of FCDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing100085, China
| | - Zijian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Zhenao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing100085, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, China
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8
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Kang H, Zhang D, Chen X, Zhao H, Yang D, Li Y, Bao M, Wang Z. Preparation of MOF/polypyrrole and flower-like MnO 2 electrodes by electrodeposition: High-performance materials for hybrid capacitive deionization defluorination. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 229:119441. [PMID: 36470045 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorine pollution has become a global public health problem due to its adverse health effects. Adsorption is the primary method for removing fluoride from drinking water. However, the adsorption method has disadvantages such as difficulty in recovering the adsorbent, and the need to add additional chemicals for regeneration, thereby causing secondary pollution, which limits further industrial applications. Capacitive deionization (CDI), as an emerging water treatment technology, has attracted widespread attention due to its advantages of simple operation, low energy consumption and less environmental impact. In this study, a polypyrrole (PPy) film was prepared on a graphite substrate by electrodeposition, and then metal-organic framework Ce/Zn-BDC-NH2 (CZBN) was deposited on the PPy film by electrophoretic deposition to obtain CZBN/PPy electrode was obtained. The CZBN/PPy anode was then coupled with the MnO2 cathode for capacitive removal of fluoride in a CDI cell. Both CZBN/PPy and MnO2 electrodes exhibit pseudocapacitive behavior, which can selectively and reversibly intercalate F- (CZBN/PPy) and Na+ (MnO2) ions. As expected, the CZBN/PPy-MnO2 system exhibits excellent fluorine removal performance. In 1.2 V, 100 mg/L F- solution, the F- removal capacity can reach 55.12 mg/g. It has high F- selectivity in the presence of some common anions, and can maintain high F- removal ability even after five adsorption regeneration processes. The mechanism of F- removal was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). F- was mainly removed by electrostatic interaction and ion exchange with hydroxyl. The excellent defluorination performance of the CZBN/PPy-MnO2 system makes it have good practical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Kang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Haosen Zhao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Dongdong Yang
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Yiming Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China.
| | - Mutai Bao
- Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System/Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, 266100, Qingdao, P.R. China
| | - Zhining Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P.R. China.
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9
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Carbon Material-Based Flow-Electrode Capacitive Deionization for Continuous Water Desalination. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) offers an electrochemical, energy-efficient technique for water desalination. In this work, we report the study of carbon-based FCDI, which consists of one desalination chamber and one salination chamber and applies a carbon nanomaterials-based flow electrode that circulates between the cell anode and cathode, to achieve a fast, continuous desalination process. Five different carbon nanomaterials were used for preparing the flow electrode and were studied for the desalination performance, with properties including average salt removal rate (ASRR), salt removal efficiency (SRE), energy consumption (EC) and charge efficiency (CE) being quantitatively determined for comparation. Different FCDI parameters, including carbon concentration and flow rate of the flow electrode and cell voltage, were investigated to examine the influences on the desalination. Long-term operation of the carbon-based FCDI was evaluated using the optimal results found in the conditions of 1.5 M concentration, 1.5 V cell voltage, and 20 mL min−1 flow rate of electrode and water streams. The results showed an ASRR of 63.7 µg cm−2 min−1, EC of 162 kJ mol−1, and CE of 89.3%. The research findings validate a good efficiency of this new carbon-based FCDI technology in continuous water desalination and suggest its good potential for real, long-term application.
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10
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Alkhadra M, Su X, Suss ME, Tian H, Guyes EN, Shocron AN, Conforti KM, de Souza JP, Kim N, Tedesco M, Khoiruddin K, Wenten IG, Santiago JG, Hatton TA, Bazant MZ. Electrochemical Methods for Water Purification, Ion Separations, and Energy Conversion. Chem Rev 2022; 122:13547-13635. [PMID: 35904408 PMCID: PMC9413246 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural development, extensive industrialization, and rapid growth of the global population have inadvertently been accompanied by environmental pollution. Water pollution is exacerbated by the decreasing ability of traditional treatment methods to comply with tightening environmental standards. This review provides a comprehensive description of the principles and applications of electrochemical methods for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion. Electrochemical methods have attractive features such as compact size, chemical selectivity, broad applicability, and reduced generation of secondary waste. Perhaps the greatest advantage of electrochemical methods, however, is that they remove contaminants directly from the water, while other technologies extract the water from the contaminants, which enables efficient removal of trace pollutants. The review begins with an overview of conventional electrochemical methods, which drive chemical or physical transformations via Faradaic reactions at electrodes, and proceeds to a detailed examination of the two primary mechanisms by which contaminants are separated in nondestructive electrochemical processes, namely electrokinetics and electrosorption. In these sections, special attention is given to emerging methods, such as shock electrodialysis and Faradaic electrosorption. Given the importance of generating clean, renewable energy, which may sometimes be combined with water purification, the review also discusses inverse methods of electrochemical energy conversion based on reverse electrosorption, electrowetting, and electrokinetic phenomena. The review concludes with a discussion of technology comparisons, remaining challenges, and potential innovations for the field such as process intensification and technoeconomic optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad
A. Alkhadra
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xiao Su
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew E. Suss
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Wolfson
Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel,Nancy
and Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Huanhuan Tian
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eric N. Guyes
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Amit N. Shocron
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, Technion—Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Kameron M. Conforti
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - J. Pedro de Souza
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Nayeong Kim
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michele Tedesco
- European
Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Wetsus, Oostergoweg 9, 8911 MA Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Khoiruddin Khoiruddin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia,Research
Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesha no. 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Juan G. Santiago
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - T. Alan Hatton
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Martin Z. Bazant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,Department
of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States,
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Xu L, Peng S, Wu K, Tang L, Wu M, Zong Y, Mao Y, Wu D. Precise manipulation of the charge percolation networks of flow-electrode capacitive deionization using a pulsed magnetic field. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118963. [PMID: 35970008 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic field is a simple and powerful means that enables controlled the transport of electrode particles in flow electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI). However, the magnetic particles are easily stripped from hybrid suspension electrodes and the precise manipulation of the charge percolation network remains challenging. In this study, a programmable magnetic field was introduced into the FCDI system to enhance the desalination performance and operational stability of magnetic FCDI, with core-shell magnetic carbon (MC) used as an alternative electrode additive. The results showed that the pulsed magnetic field (PMF) was more effective in enhancing the average salt removal rate (ASRR) compared to the constant magnetic field (CMF), with 51.6% and 67.7% enhancement, respectively, compared to the magnetic field-free condition. The outstanding advantage of the PMF lies in the enhancement in the trapping and mediating effects in the switching magnetic field, which keeps the concentration of the electrode particles near the current collector at a high level and greatly facilitates electron transport. In long-term operation (20,000 cycles), the pulsed magnetic FCDI achieved a stable desalinating rate of 0.4-0.68 μmol min-1 cm-2 and a charge efficiency of >96%. In brief, our study introduces a new approach for the precise manipulation of charge percolation networks of the suspension electrodes and provides insight into the charging mechanism of the magnetic FCDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ke Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Minghong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Compound Pollution Control Engineering (MOE), School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yang Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunfeng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Deli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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Ma J, Shen G, Zhang R, Niu J, Zhang J, Wang X, Liu J, Li X, Liu C. Small Particle Size Activated Carbon Enhanced Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization Desalination Performances by Reducing the Interfacial Concentration Difference. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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13
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High efficient and continuous recovery of iodine in saline wastewater by flow-electrode capacitive deionization. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Luo L, He Q, Chen S, Yang D, Chen Y. Metal-organic framework derived carbon nanoarchitectures for highly efficient flow-electrode CDI desalination. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112727. [PMID: 35063431 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) has shown a robust desalination performance, in which the electrode materials play a crucial role. However, commercial activated carbon (AC) commonly with relatively poor conductivity, which can be a limit to the desalination process. To address this issue, we successfully prepared ZIF-8 derived nanocarbon materials (Zx, X = 0, 1, 2, 3, the number representing the activator ratio) via a pyrolysis activation procedure as electrode materials for FCDI desalination. The results manifested that Z3 achieved desalination rates of 0.0403 and 0.094 mg min-1 cm-2 in the isolated closed cycle (ICC) and the short-circuited closed cycle (SCC) mode, respectively, at 1.2 V with only 5 wt% carbon loading. The desalination rate of Z3 in the SCC mode was improved with flow rates and influent salt concentrations increase, reaching 0.278 mg min-1 cm-2 under a continuous operation. In the ICC mode, it was found that the adsorption capacity of the Zx sample was positively correlated with its specific surface area. The superior performance of Z3 could be attributed to the high conductivity, large specific surface area and well-developed pores. Overall, this work provided new insights and references for electrode material's application to FCDI desalination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Qiang He
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Siqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Dongxu Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; National Centre for International Research of Low-carbon and Green Buildings, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
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15
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Fabrication of hydroxyapatite embedded cerium-organic frameworks for fluoride capture from water. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Wang Q, Fang K, He C, Wang K. Ammonia removal from municipal wastewater via membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) in pilot-scale. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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