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Jia Q, Yi Q, Xu Z, Liu X, Zhou Z, Zhang J. Quantifying the impact of damming on phosphorus reallocation: Finer particles offset the reduction in soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) by decreasing suspended sediment concentration. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:175098. [PMID: 39079635 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
In this research, an innovative approach to quantify the impact of damming on phosphorus (P) reallocation between suspended sediments (SS) and water was proposed. P allocation can be described by the surface complexation model, with the impact of damming quantified by four variables: P load, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), particle size, and pH. Iron/aluminium (Fe/Al) oxide-adsorbed P (Fe/Alo-P) was identified as the exchangeable P during adsorption/desorption equilibrium with a series of heterogeneous sediment samples from two large Asian rivers, the Mekong River and the Yellow River. In both rivers, the Fe/Alo-P concentration increased from the tail towards the dam of the reservoirs, primarily attributed to the decrease in particle size from the tail towards the dam of the reservoirs. The Fe/Alo-P concentration in the Lancang River was higher than that in the Yellow River, ranging from 14.5 to 119.9 mg kg-1 and from 14.5 to 22.1 mg kg-1, respectively. The soluble reactive P (SRP) concentration decreased with decreasing SSC, while finer suspended sediment particles containing more Fe/Alo-P greatly offset the reduction in SRP concentration. When the maximum Fe/Alo-P concentration in the finest particles of SS was assumed to be 100 mg kg-1, the P equilibrium concentration (ce) decreased from 0.028 mg L-1 to 0.008 mg L-1 when the SSC decreased from 64 g L-1 to 1 g L-1 for SS with a median grain size (D50) of 32 μm and an Fe/Alo-P concentration of 11 mg kg-1. However, ce increased from 0.008 mg L-1 to 0.021 mg L-1 when the D50 of SS decreased from 32 μm to 4 μm with an SSC of 1 g L-1 and an Fe/Alo-P concentration of 76 mg kg-1 for 4-μm SS. The SRP concentration is sensitive to the Fe/Alo-P concentration in SS, and the P allocation ratio between sediments and water is comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirui Jia
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qitao Yi
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China.
| | - Ziying Xu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhaona Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Xu Z, Ge L, Zou W, Lv B, Yang J, Chai Z, Guo X, Zhu X, Kao SJ. The underestimated role of manganese in modulating the nutrient structure in a eutrophic seasonally-stratified reservoir. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 260:121940. [PMID: 38885556 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation and subsequent release of nutrients have great potential to trigger algal blooms in lakes and reservoirs. We conducted high vertical resolution (2 m interval) monitoring at ∼monthly intervals over a year for hydrological parameters, Chl-a, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3-) and different species of phosphorus (P) and manganese (Mn) in a 40-meter-deep subtropical reservoir (Shanmei Reservoir) in Fujian, southern China. In this seasonally stratified reservoir featured with high nutrient loading, the consistent trend in the ratio of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) between the euphotic zone and the hypolimnion, coupled with its mirrored correlation with Chl-a concentration indicates that upward flux from the hypolimnion affects phytoplankton growth in the euphotic zone. The monthly variation of the depth-integrated multiple species of N and P indicates that during the stratification period in the hypoxic hypolimnion, approximately 80% of the DIP is removed, leading to a remarkable decoupling phenomenon between NH4+ and DIP. This process effectively increases the ratio of DIN to DIP in the hypolimnion, thereby significantly reducing the potential of algal blooms caused by the upward flux. A robust positive linear correlation between iron-manganese bound phosphorus (CBD-P) and particulate Mn was observed during stratification period implying that DIP was scavenged by sediment-released Mn throughout the water column. Vertical profiles during stratification showed that upward diffusion of Mn2+ facilitated the formation of Mn oxide zones near the oxycline. The most significant decrease in DIP inventory occurs when Mn oxide zones migrate either upwards from the bottom or downwards from the oxycline, indicating that the migration of Mn oxides on the vertical profile is a key factor in the decoupling of NH4+and DIP. Our findings underscore the importance of Mn cycling as an underappreciated DIP self-immobilization process in the water column of reservoirs characterized by high nutrient loading. Furthermore, we propose that denitrification and Mn cycling establish a consecutive feedback mechanism, preventing excessive nutrient accumulation in low oxygen bottom water. In the context of global changes, we anticipate a heightened prominence of this feedback mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zifu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lianghao Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wenbin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bingchen Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Aquatic Eco-Health Group, Fujian Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecology, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China
| | - Zijian Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xunchi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Shuh-Ji Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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Sun Y, Wang M, Yang J, Song C, Chen X, Chen X, Strokal M. Increasing cascade dams in the upstream area reduce nutrient inputs to the Three Gorges Reservoir in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171683. [PMID: 38492593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The upstream cascade dams play an essential role in the nutrient cycle in the Yangtze. However, there is little quantitative information on the effects of upstream damming on nutrient retention in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China. Here, we aim to assess the impact of increasing cascade dams in the upstream area of the Yangtze on Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen and Phosphorus (DIN and DIP) inputs to the TGR and their retention in the TGR and to draw lessons for other large reservoirs. We implemented the Model to Assess River Inputs of Nutrients to seAs (MARINA-Nutrients China-2.0 model). We ran the model with the baseline scenario in which river damming was at the level of 2009 (low) and alternative scenarios with increased damming. Our scenarios differed in nutrient management. Our results indicated that total water storage capacity increased by 98 % in the Yangtze upstream from 2009 to 2022, with 17 new large river dams (>0.5 km3) constructed upstream of the Yangtze. As a result of these new dams, the total DIN inputs to the TGR decreased by 15 % (from 768 Gg year-1 to 651 Gg year-1) and DIP inputs decreased by 25 % (from 70 Gg year-1 to 53 Gg year-1). Meanwhile, the molar DIN:DIP ratio in inputs to the TGR increased by 13 % between 2009 and 2022. In the future, DIN and DIP inputs to the TGR are projected to decrease further, while the molar DIN:DIP ratio will increase. The Upper Stem contributed 39 %-50 % of DIN inputs and 63 %-84 % of DIP inputs to the TGR in the past and future. Our results deepen our knowledge of nutrient loadings in mainstream dams caused by increasing cascade dams. More research is needed to understand better the impact of increased nutrient ratios due to dam construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, College of Resources and Environment, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengru Wang
- Earth Systems and Global Change, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Chunqiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xuanjing Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, College of Resources and Environment, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xinping Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, Southwest University, College of Resources and Environment, Tiansheng Road 02, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Maryna Strokal
- Earth Systems and Global Change, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Hu Y, Chen M, Pu J, Chen S, Li Y, Zhang H. Enhancing phosphorus source apportionment in watersheds through species-specific analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121262. [PMID: 38367374 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a pivotal element responsible for triggering watershed eutrophication, and accurate source apportionment is a prerequisite for achieving the targeted prevention and control of P pollution. Current research predominantly emphasizes the allocation of total phosphorus (TP) loads from watershed pollution sources, with limited integration of source apportionment considering P species and their specific implications for eutrophication. This article conducts a retrospective analysis of the current state of research on watershed P source apportionment models, providing a comprehensive evaluation of three source apportionment methods, inventory analysis, diffusion models, and receptor models. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis of the impact of P species on watersheds is carried out, followed by the relationship between P species and the P source apportionment being critically clarified within watersheds. The study reveals that the impact of P on watershed eutrophication is highly dependent on P species, rather than absolute concentration of TP. Current research overlooking P species composition of pollution sources may render the acquired results of source apportionment incapable of assessing the impact of P sources on eutrophication accurately. In order to enhance the accuracy of watershed P pollution source apportionment, the following prospectives are recommended: (1) quantifying the P species composition of typical pollution sources; (2) revealing the mechanisms governing the migration and transformation of P species in watersheds; (3) expanding the application of traditional models and introducing novel methods to achieve quantitative source apportionment specifically for P species. Conducting source apportionment of specific species within a watershed contributes to a deeper understanding of P migration and transformation, enhancing the precise of management of P pollution sources and facilitating the targeted recovery of P resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuansi Hu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Jia Pu
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
| | - Sikai Chen
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Yao Li
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China.
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Zhao B, Zeng Q, Wang J, Jiang Y, Liu H, Yan L, Yang Z, Yang Q, Zhang F, Tang J, Hu P. Impact of cascade reservoirs on nutrients transported downstream and regulation method based on hydraulic retention time. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121187. [PMID: 38295452 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Cascade reservoirs construction has modified the nutrients dynamics and biogeochemical cycles, consequently affecting the composition and productivity of river ecosystems. The Jinsha River, as the predominant contributor to runoff, suspended sediment (SS), and nutrients production within the Yangtze River, is a typical cascade reservoir region with unclear transport patterns and retention mechanisms of nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). Furthermore, how to regulate nutrients delivery in the cascade reservoirs region is also an urgent issue for basin water environment study. Therefore, we monitored monthly variations in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from November 2021 to October 2022 in the cascade reservoirs of the Jinsha River. The results indicated that the concentrations and fluxes of total phosphorus (TP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) decreased along the cascade of reservoirs, primarily due to PP deposited with SS, while opposing trends for total nitrogen (TN) and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN), which might be the consequences of human inputs and the increase of dissolved inorganic nitrogen discharged from the bottom of the reservoirs. Moreover, the positive average annual retention ratios for TP and PP were 10% and 16%, respectively, in contrast to the negative averages of -8 % for TN and -11% for particulate nitrogen (PN). The variability in runoff-sediment and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of cascade reservoirs played crucial roles in the retention of TP and PP. A regulatory threshold of HRT = 5.3 days in the flood season was obtained for controlling the balance of TP based on the stronger relationship between HRT and TP retention ratio. Consequently, the HRT of these reservoirs could be managed to control nutrients delivery, which was of particular significance for basin government institutions. This study enhances our comprehension of how cascade reservoirs influence the distribution and transport patterns of nutrients, offering a fresh perspective on nutrients delivery regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qinghui Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China.
| | - Jianhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yunzhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Long Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Zefan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Qin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Fengbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiaxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin (SKL-WAC), China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (IWHR), Beijing 100038, China.
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Feng L, Hu P, Chen MM, Li BL. Quantifying cumulative changes in water quality caused by small floodgates in Taihu Lake Basin - A case in Wuxi. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165608. [PMID: 37474064 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Small floodgates in the river network area own some characteristics: considerable quantity, wide range and short adjustment time, and intercepts the one-dimensional constant flow of rivers, which induce a great impact on riverine water quality. In this study, a typical urban floodgate-controlled reach was selected, and analyzed through the monthly data of four pollutant indicators TN, TP, CODMn and NH3-N at six sampling sites S1-S6 in 2016-2018. The principal component analysis and correlation analysis showed that TP was a representative indicator and there was a positive correlation between various pollutants. The difference test and linear regression showed that the concentration of pollutants at different sampling points varied greatly, and the pollutant concentrations in the longitudinal direction of the river showed a cubic-linear regression. The cluster system and CCME WQI showed that the water quality in the urban floodgate-controlled reach is "marginal" state, and TN and NH3-N are severely exceeding the standard. The "cumulative changes" of the floodgate on the pollutant input to the environment appeared spatial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Feng
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Ecological Complexity and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - Pan Hu
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ming-Ming Chen
- College of Engineering, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
| | - Bai-Lian Li
- Ecological Complexity and Modeling Laboratory, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Yin Y, Zhang W, Cao X, Chen X, Tang J, Zhou Y, Li Q. Evaluation of sediment phosphorus dynamics in cascade reservoir systems: A case study of Weiyuan River, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:118980. [PMID: 37741190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Reservoirs tend to accumulate phosphorus (P) originating from agriculture, industry, and other upstream sources in sediment, with this stored P later released. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of sediment P release in reservoirs remains unclear. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics in P of the sediment and water of three cascade reservoirs in the Weiyuan River (Tuojiang tributary). The results showed elevated P in sediment [total P (TP): 1208.93 mg kg-1] and water (TP: 0.23 mg L-1) during the low-water season (LWS), which could be attributed to notably higher organic matter content (9.65%), finer particle size (20.95 μm), and extended hydraulic retention time (HRT: 13.13 days) downstream of the cascade reservoirs. Further study employing static in-situ diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) and dynamic ex-situ adsorption kinetic experiments confirmed that the downstream release of P from sediments [diffusion flux (Fd): 1.67 mg m-2 d-1, equilibrium P concentrations (EPC0): 0.22 ± 0.10 mg L-1] greatly exceeded those upstream (-0.66 ± 0.17 mg m-2 d-1, 0.07 ± 0.001 mg L-1), Fe (II) was a critical factor in regulating sedimentary P release. The combined effects of high P in overlying water and sediment significantly stimulated downstream phytoplankton growth, particularly among cyanobacteria (26.48%) and green algae (8.33%). Further regulatory steps are needed to regulate LWS algal blooms downstream of cascade reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil& Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil& Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China.
| | - Xi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil& Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jinyong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil& Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil& Water Pollution, College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Qingman Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
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