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Yuan S, Han Y, Cui C, Chen P, Tu N, Rang Z, Yi Z. Silicon-calcium fertilizer increased rice yield and quality by improving soil health. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13088. [PMID: 38849431 PMCID: PMC11161631 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63737-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It is important to ensure the nutritional quality and safe production of rice. Here, plot experiments were used to analyze the effects of three soil amendments-10 t ha-1 of biochar (BC), 1.5 t ha-1 of lime (LM), and 2.25 t ha-1 of silicon-calcium fertilizer (SC)-on the soil characteristics, rice yield and quality of double-cropping rice grown in mildly cadmium-polluted paddy fields. Compared with the control treatment (CK), the BC and SC treatments significantly improved rice processing, appearance and nutritional quality, but reduced cooking quality. All three soil amendments significantly reduced cadmium (Cd) content in brown rice. Soil amendments could significantly increase soil pH and reduce soil available Cd content. The application of the BC and SC treatments increased the content of each nutrient index in the soil (SOM, NN, AP, AK). Correlation analysis showed that the improvement in rice processing, appearance, and nutritional quality was mainly affected by the comprehensive effects of soil SOM, NN, AP and AK; the hygiene quality was mainly affected by soil pH and available Cd. In terms of benefit analysis combined with cost, the SC treatment had the highest benefit effect. Taken together, in mildly cadmium-polluted paddy fields, the application of silicon-calcium fertilizer improved the soil quality, thereby increased the yield and quality of rice, and had the best effect on increasing income.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yu Han
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Can Cui
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Pingping Chen
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Naimei Tu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhongwen Rang
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Zhenxie Yi
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
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Zhang P, Chen P, Nie T, Zhang Z, Li T, Dai C, Jiang L, Wu Y, Sun Z, Yin S. Long-Term Straw Incorporation under Controlled Irrigation Improves Soil Quality of Paddy Field and Rice Yield in Northeast China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1357. [PMID: 38794429 PMCID: PMC11124830 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Soil quality is an indicator of the ability to ensure ecological security and sustainable soil usage. The effects of long-term straw incorporation and different irrigation regimes on the yield and soil quality of paddy fields in cold regions remain unclear. This study established four treatments: controlled irrigation + continuous straw incorporation for 3 years (C3), controlled irrigation + continuous straw incorporation for 7 years (C7), flooded irrigation + continuous straw incorporation for 3 years (F3), and flooded irrigation + continuous straw incorporation for 7 years (F7). Analysis was conducted on the impact of various irrigation regimes and straw incorporation years on the physicochemical characteristics and quality of the soil. The soil quality index (SQI) for rice fields was computed using separate datasets for each treatment. The soil nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, soil organic carbon, and soil organic matter contents of the C7 were 93.51%, 5.80%, 8.90%, and 8.26% higher compared to C3, respectively. In addition, the yield of the C7 treatment was 5.18%, 4.89%, and 10.32% higher than those of F3, C3, and F7, respectively. The validity of the minimum data set (MDS) was verified by correlation, Ef and ER, which indicated that the MDS of all treatments were able to provide a valid evaluation of soil quality. The MDS based SQI of C7 was 11.05%, 11.97%, and 27.71% higher than that of F3, C3, and F7, respectively. Overall, long-term straw incorporation combined with controlled irrigation increases yield and soil quality in paddy fields in cold regions. This study provides a thorough assessment of soil quality concerning irrigation regimes and straw incorporation years to preserve food security and the sustainability of agricultural output. Additionally, it offers a basis for soil quality diagnosis of paddy fields in the Northeast China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Tangzhe Nie
- School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (P.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhongxue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tiecheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Effective Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Changlei Dai
- School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Lili Jiang
- School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Shuai Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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3
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Chen P, Liu Y, Sun GX. Evaluation of water management on arsenic methylation and volatilization in arsenic-contaminated soils strengthened by bioaugmentation and biostimulation. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:515-526. [PMID: 37980035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) fate in paddy fields has been one of the most significant current issues due to the strong As accumulation potential of rice plants under flooded conditions. However, no attempt was done to explore As methylation and volatilization under non-flooded conditions. Herein, we investigated the effects of water management on As methylation and volatilization in three arsenic-contaminated soils enhanced by biostimulation with straw-derived organic matter and bioaugmentation with genetic engineered Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (GE P. putida). Under flooded conditions, the application of biochar (BC), rice straw (RS) and their combination (BC+RS) increased total As in porewater. However, these effects were greatly attenuated under non-flooded conditions. Compared with RS amendment alone, the combination of GE P. putida and RS further promoted the As methylation and volatilization, and the promotion percentage under non-flooded conditions were significantly higher than that under flooded conditions. The combined GE P. putida and RS showed the highest efficiency in As methylation (88 µg/L) and volatilization (415.4 µg/(kg·year)) in the non-flooded soil with moderate As contamination. Finally, stepwise multiple linear regression analysis presented that methylated As, DOC and pH in porewater were the most important factors contributing to As volatilization. Overall, our findings suggest that combination of bioaugmentation with GE P. putida and biostimulation with RS/BC+RS is a potential strategy for bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated soils by enhancing As methylation and volatilization under non-flooded conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guo-Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Luo M, Liu Y, Li J, Gao T, Wu S, Wu L, Lai X, Xu H, Hu H, Ma Y. Effects of Straw Returning and New Fertilizer Substitution on Rice Growth, Yield, and Soil Properties in the Chaohu Lake Region of China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:444. [PMID: 38337978 PMCID: PMC10857592 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Recently, replacing chemical fertilizers with straw returning and new fertilizers has received considerable attention in the agricultural sector, as it is believed to increase rice yield and improve soil properties. However, less is known about rice growth and soil properties in paddy fields with the addition of different fertilizers. Thus, in this paper, we investigated the effects of different fertilizer treatments, including no fertilization (CK), optimized fertilization based on the medium yield recommended fertilizer amount (OF), 4.50 Mg ha-1 straw returning with chemical fertilizers (SF), 0.59 Mg ha-1 slow-release fertilizer with chemical fertilizers (SRF), and 0.60 Mg ha-1 water-soluble fertilizer with chemical fertilizers (WSF), on rice growth, yield, and soil properties through a field experiment. The results show that compared with the OF treatment, the new SF, SRF, and WSF treatments increased plant height, main root length, tiller number, leaf area index, chlorophyll content, and aboveground dry weight. The SF, SRF, and WSF treatments improved rice grain yield by 30.65-32.51% and 0.24-1.66% compared to the CK and OF treatments, respectively. The SRF treatment increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake by 18.78% and 28.68%, the harvest indexes of N and P by 1.75% and 0.59%, and the partial productivity of N and P by 2.64% and 2.63%, respectively, compared with the OF treatment. However, fertilization did not significantly affect the average yield, harvest indexes of N and P, and partial productivity of N and P. The contents of TN, AN, SOM, TP, AP, and AK across all the treatments decreased significantly with increasing soil depth, while soil pH increased with soil depth. The SF treatment could more effectively increase soil pH and NH4+-N content compared to the SRF and WSF treatments, while the SRF treatment could greatly enhance other soil nutrients and enzyme activities compared to the SF and WSF treatments. A correlation analysis showed that rice yield was significantly positively associated with tiller number, leaf area index, chlorophyll, soil NO3--N, NH4+-N, SOM, TP, AK, and soil enzyme activity. The experimental results indicate that SRF was the best fertilization method to improve rice growth and yield and enhance soil properties, followed by the SF, WSF, and OF treatments. Hence, the results provide useful information for better fertilization management in the Chaohu Lake region of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.L.)
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.L.)
| | - Jing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.L.)
| | - Tingfeng Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.L.)
| | - Sheng Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.L.)
| | - Lei Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.L.)
| | - Xijun Lai
- Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongjun Xu
- Station of Agricultural Environment Protection, Chaohu 238006, China
| | - Hongxiang Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.L.)
| | - Youhua Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (M.L.)
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5
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Darma A, Yang J, Feng Y, Xia X, Zandi P, Sani A, Bloem E, Ibrahim S. The impact of maize straw incorporation on arsenic and cadmium availability, transformation and microbial communities in alkaline-contaminated soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118390. [PMID: 37364492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence of the uncertainty of crop straw returning in heavy metal-contaminated soil is a significant concern. The present study investigated the influence of 1 and 2% maize straws (MS) amendment on As and Cd bioavailability in two different alkaline soils (A-industrial and B-irrigation) after 56 days of ageing. Adding MS to the two soils decreased the pH by 1.28 (A soil) and 1.13 (B soil) and increased the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) by 54.40 mg/kg (A soil) and 100.00 mg/kg (B soil) during the study period. After 56 days of ageing, the overall NaHCO3-As and DTPA-Cd increased by 40% and 33% (A) and 39% and 41% (B) soils, respectively. The MS additions increased the alteration of As and Cd exchangeable and residual fractions, whereas advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed that alkyl C and alkyl O-C-O in A soil and alkyl C, Methoxy C/N-alkyl, and alkyl O-C-O in B soil significantly contributed to the As and Cd mobilisation. Collectively, 16 S rRNA analyses revealed Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria and Bacillus promoted the As and Cd mobilisation following the MS addition, while principle component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that bacterial proliferation significantly influenced MS decomposition, resulting in As and Cd mobilisation in the two soils. Overall, the study highlights the implications of applying MS to As- and Cd-contaminated alkaline soil and offers the framework for conditions to be considered during As- and Cd-remediation efforts, especially when MS is the sole remediation component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aminu Darma
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Jianjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China (the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China).
| | - Ya Feng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Xing Xia
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China
| | - Peiman Zandi
- International Faculty of Applied Technology, Yibin University, Yibin, 644000, PR China
| | - Ali Sani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Elke Bloem
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Crop and Soil Science , Bundesallee 69, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sani Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Science, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
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Wang X, Zhu H, Shutes B, Yan B, Lyu J, Zhang F. Nutrient runoff loss from saline-alkali paddy fields in Songnen Plain of Northeast China via different runoff pathways: effects of nitrogen fertilizer types. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:97977-97989. [PMID: 37603250 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29314-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer aggravates the nutrient runoff loss from paddy, causing serious agricultural non-point source pollution, and leading to a serious decline in water quality. The global area of saline-alkali paddy has expanded, but the response of nutrient loss via runoff to N-fertilizer applications in saline-alkali paddy is still unclear. This study conducted a 147-day field experiment to evaluate the nutrient runoff loss from saline-alkali paddy with different N-fertilizer application strategies in Songnen Plain of Northeast China. Regardless of N-fertilizer types, the nutrient loss via rainfall runoff in the entire rice-growing season was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that via artificial drainage. The N and phosphorus (P) concentrations in runoff water were correlated with salinity and alkalinity. Especially, pH had a significant positive correlation with total-P (TP) (r = 0.658, p < 0.01). In the entire rice-growing season, the TN runoff losses in urea (U), microbial fertilizer (MF), and inorganic compound fertilizer (ICF) treatments were significantly (p < 0.05) lower compared with carbon-based slow-release fertilizer (CSF) and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer (OCF), respectively. Meanwhile, the TP runoff losses in OCF and ICF treatments were significantly (p < 0.05) lower than U and MF, respectively. Overall, the application of ICF is a better choice to avoid N and P losses via runoff from saline-alkali paddy fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Changchun, 130102, China.
| | - Brian Shutes
- Department of Natural Sciences, Middlesex University, Hendon, London, NW4 4BT, UK
| | - Baixing Yan
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Jiao Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Fuman Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
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Wang J, Xu C, Guo F, Wang Q, Tang H. Stripping mechanism and Gaussian distribution model of a concave bionic comb for stripping prior to cutting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162216. [PMID: 36796683 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stripping prior to cutting is a harvesting technique that only strips rice grains and obtains complete straws. This paper aims to solve the problems of high loss rate and short throwing distance for stripping prior to cutting. A concave bionic comb was developed based on the filiform papilla structure on the surface of a cattle tongue tip. The mechanism analysis and comparative research of the flat comb and the bionic comb were carried out. The results showed that when the arc radius was 5.0 mm, the magnification ratio of filiform papilla was 4.0, and the concave angle was 60°, the loss rate of falling grain was 4.3 %, and the loss rate of uncombed grain was 2.8 %. The diffusion angle of bionic comb was smaller than that of flat comb. The distribution characteristics of the thrown materials conformed to Gaussian distribution. Under the same working conditions, the falling grain loss rate and uncombed loss rate of the bionic comb were always lower than that of the flat comb. This study provides reference for the cross application of bionic technology and crop production field, promotes the harvesting way application of stripping prior to cutting in gramineous plants such as rice, wheat and sorghum, and provides a basis for harvesting the whole straws and expanding the way of comprehensive utilization of straws.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwu Wang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Changsu Xu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Fangyu Guo
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Han Tang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Wang L, Luo P, Jiang C, Shen J, Liu F, Xiao R, Wu J. Distinct effects of biochar addition on soil macropore characteristics at different depths in a double-rice paddy field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 857:159368. [PMID: 36228786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil macropores largely control the water and nutrients transport as well as runoff processes in the soil. Biochar is frequently applied to soils to improve the macropore structure, but the effects remain controversial. To clarify depth-dependent soil macropore characteristics affected by biochar addition, the intact soil cores with a depth of 200 mm were collected from biochar-amended paddy field at addition rates of 0, 24, and 48 t ha-1 (CK, BC1, and BC2, respectively). The two biochar treatments did not change the overall soil pore indices (e.g., macroporosity, pore number, fractal dimension, and circularity), but showed distinct effects at different soil depths. At a soil depth of 0-50 mm, the biochar treatments had higher macroporosity (8.59-8.85 %) than CK (4.94 %) (p < 0.05), but relatively lower pore circularity (0.83-0.84) than CK (0.88) (p < 0.05). The connectivity of biochar treatments (88-97) was 9.5-10.4 times higher than that of CK (9.3). At a soil depth of 100-200 mm, the biochar treatments exhibited lower macroporosity, macropore number, connectivity, and fractal dimension than CK (p < 0.05). The macropore indices (except circularity) of BC1 were relatively higher than those of BC2 in the most soil depths. Whether biochar altered the soil macropore indices depended on the addition rate of biochar and soil depth. The expansion and occupying effects of biochar were dominant at soil depths of 0-50 and 100-200 mm, respectively; and the two effects were stronger in BC1 than in BC2. A combination of the expansion and occupying effects occurred at a soil depth of 50-100 mm. The distinct effects of biochar on soil pore structure at different depths could mitigate methane emission and nutrient runoff loss from the double-rice paddy. Therefore, soil depth-dependent macropore structure should be considered when assessing the influence of biochar on soil properties and the associated environmental effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Runlin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Changsha Research Station for Agricultural & Environmental Monitoring, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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9
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Li H, Liu Y, Jiao X, Li J, Liu K, Wu T, Zhang Z, Luo D. Response of soil nutrients retention and rice growth to biochar in straw returning paddy fields. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137244. [PMID: 36395890 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Applying straw to agricultural production to improve soil productivity and crop yields is significant. However, the straw-only application is possibly not a practical choice for achieving environmental protection and high yield. This study evaluated the applicability of straw combined with biochar to the paddy field. Two-year pot experiments were conducted to examine the effect of straw combined with different proportions (0, 5, 20, 40 t ha-1) of biochar on soil nitrogen retention, phosphorous availability, rice yield, and physiological parameters. Five treatments were included: control (CK), 7 t ha-1 straw + 0 t ha-1 biochar (ST), 7 t ha-1 straw + 5 t ha-1 biochar (SC1), 7 t ha-1 straw + 20 t ha-1 biochar (SC2), 7 t ha-1 straw + 40 t ha-1 biochar (SC3). The results indicated that the biochar had an encouraging effect on paddy fields with straw returning: (1) SC3 treatment significantly increased ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) content in soils compared to ST, increasing by 30.19% and 42.72%, while SC2 treatment increased by 25.84% and 30.40%, respectively; (2) Regarding soil phosphorus availability, ST treatment showed a negative effect, while proper biochar application rate (20 t ha-1) effectively increased Olsen-P content (18.24%); (3) No significant difference among these treatments was observed in the photosynthetic characteristics. Notably, 20 t ha-1 biochar application (SC2) effectively enhanced rice components (stem, ear) dry biomass, improved rice yield (10.14%), and Harvest index (HI: 4.99%). Hence, the appropriate rate (20 t ha-1) of biochar combined with straw (7 t ha-1) returning is a promising strategy for increasing nitrogen retention and phosphorous availability, alleviating N and P losses and promoting rice growth and yield. These findings are expected to provide a new perspective in that straw-returning with biochar achieves high efficiency, ecological, and sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huandi Li
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiyun Jiao
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Kaihua Liu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Tianao Wu
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Danhu Luo
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
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Du M, Zhang J, Wang G, Liu C, Wang Z. Response of bacterial community composition and co-occurrence network to straw and straw biochar incorporation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:999399. [PMID: 36246223 PMCID: PMC9563622 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial decomposition plays a crucial role in the incorporation of straw and straw biochar (SSB) into soil. Lime concretion black soil (LCBS) is a typical low-medium crop yield soil, and it is also one of the main soil types for grain production in China. However, the link between SSB additions and soil bacterial communities in LCBS remains unclear. This study explored the effects of SSB incorporation on bacterial community composition, structure and co-occurrence network patterns at different soil depths and maize growth stages. The results showed that soil PH, soil organic matter and total nitrogen significantly affected the seasonality and stratification of the soil bacterial community. The composition and diversity of bacterial communities were significantly affected by growth period and treatment rather than soil depth. Specifically, the bacterial community diversity increased significantly with crop growth at 0–20 cm, decreased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, and increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. SF (straw with fertilizer) and BF (straw biochar with fertilizer) treatments decreased bacterial community diversity. Co-occurrence networks are more complex in BF, S (straw), and SF treatments, and the number of edge network patterns is increased by 92.5, 40, and 60% at the maturity stage compared with F (fertilizer) treatment, respectively. Moreover, the positive effect of straw biochar on the bacterial network pattern increased with time, while the effect of straw weakened. Notably, we found that rare species inside keystone taxa (Gemmatimonadetes and Nitrospirae) play an indispensable role in maintaining bacterial network construction in LCBS. This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the response of soil bacterial communities to SSB addition in LCBS areas, and provides a reference for further improvement of LCBS productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Climate Change, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Climate Change, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Climate Change, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Guoqing Wang,
| | - Cuishan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Nanjing, China
- Research Center for Climate Change, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- Wudaogou Experimental Station for Hydrology and Water Resources, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Hydraulic Research Institute, Huai River Commission, Bengbu, China
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Martínez-Gómez Á, Poveda J, Escobar C. Overview of the use of biochar from main cereals to stimulate plant growth. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:912264. [PMID: 35982693 PMCID: PMC9378993 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.912264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The total global food demand is expected to increase up to 50% between 2010 and 2050; hence, there is a clear need to increase plant productivity with little or no damage to the environment. In this respect, biochar is a carbon-rich material derived from the pyrolysis of organic matter at high temperatures with a limited oxygen supply, with different physicochemical characteristics that depend on the feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. When used as a soil amendment, it has shown many positive environmental effects such as carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil improvement. Biochar application has also shown huge benefits when applied to agri-systems, among them, the improvement of plant growth either in optimal conditions or under abiotic or biotic stress. Several mechanisms, such as enhancing the soil microbial diversity and thus increasing soil nutrient-cycling functions, improving soil physicochemical properties, stimulating the microbial colonization, or increasing soil P, K, or N content, have been described to exert these positive effects on plant growth, either alone or in combination with other resources. In addition, it can also improve the plant antioxidant defenses, an evident advantage for plant growth under stress conditions. Although agricultural residues are generated from a wide variety of crops, cereals account for more than half of the world's harvested area. Yet, in this review, we will focus on biochar obtained from residues of the most common and relevant cereal crops in terms of global production (rice, wheat, maize, and barley) and in their use as recycled residues to stimulate plant growth. The harvesting and processing of these crops generate a vast number and variety of residues that could be locally recycled into valuable products such as biochar, reducing the waste management problem and accomplishing the circular economy premise. However, very scarce literature focused on the use of biochar from a crop to improve its own growth is available. Herein, we present an overview of the literature focused on this topic, compiling most of the studies and discussing the urgent need to deepen into the molecular mechanisms and pathways involved in the beneficial effects of biochar on plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Martínez-Gómez
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Jorge Poveda
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research in Applied Biology (IMAB), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Facultad de Ciencias Ambientales y Bioquímica, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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12
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Liu Y, Li H, Hu T, Mahmoud A, Li J, Zhu R, Jiao X, Jing P. A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency in paddy fields: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154792. [PMID: 35341863 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Applying biochar to paddy fields is a helpful approach that potentially increases rice production and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) to ensure food security and protect the ecological environment. Notwithstanding, reviewing most of the previous experimental studies on the impacts of biochar reveals a considerable inconsistency in the proposed results. The present study conducts a comprehensive meta-analysis on the literature published before February 2021 to investigate the impacts of biochar properties, experimental conditions, and soil properties on rice yield and NUE. The meta-analysis results show that biochar application increases rice yield and NUE by 10.73% and 12.04%, respectively. The most significant improvements in the soil properties are seen in alkaline soils and paddy soils with a fine-textured. In addition, the benefits of biochar are significantly enhanced when produced at 500-600 °C with livestock manure due to the existence of more nutrients compared to other feedstocks. Analysis of water management reveals that biochar application under water-saving irrigation is more effective in increasing rice productivity. In terms of application rates, the >20 t/ha biochar and 150-250 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer are recommended for improving rice yield and NUE. Regardless of existing uncertainty due to the lack of long-term experimental data, those investigated factors have significant implications for biochar management strategies in rice growth systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Huandi Li
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Tiesong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiyun Jiao
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China; State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Peiran Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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13
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Effects of Water and Nitrogen Management on Water Productivity, Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Leaching Loss in Rice Paddies. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14101596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Effective water and nitrogen (N) management strategies are critical for sustainable agricultural development. Lysimeter experiments with two deep percolation rates (low percolation and high percolation, i.e., LP and HP: 3 mm d−1 and 5 mm d−1) and five N application levels (N0~N4: 0, 60, 135, 210 and 285 kg N ha−1) were conducted to investigate the effects of controlled drainage on water productivity (WP) and N use efficiency (NUE) in water-saving irrigated paddy fields. The results demonstrated that NH4+-N and NO3−-N were the major components of total nitrogen (TN) in ponded water and leachate, accounting for more than 77.1% and 83.6% of TN, respectively. The risk of N leaching loss increased significantly under treatment of high percolation rates or high N application levels. High percolation loss required greater irrigation input, thus reducing WP. In addition, N uptake increased with increasing N application, but fertilization applied in excess of crop demand had a negative effect on grain yield. NUE was affected by the amount of N applied and increased with decreasing N levels. Water and N application levels had a significant effect on N uptake of rice, but their interaction on N uptake or NUE was not significant. For the LP and HP regimes, the highest N uptake and WP were obtained with N application levels of 285 kg ha−1 and 210 kg ha−1, respectively. Our overall results suggested that the combination of controlled drainage and water-saving irrigation was a feasible mitigation strategy to reduce N losses through subdrainage percolation and to provide more nutrients available for rice to improve NUE, thus reducing diffuse agricultural pollution. Long-term field trials are necessary to validate the lysimeter results.
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