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Lai C, Zhan J, Chai Q, Wang C, Yang X, He H, Huang B, Pan X. Dissolved carbon in biochar: Exploring its chemistry, iron complexing capability, toxicity in natural redox environment. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:217-229. [PMID: 39003041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Dissolved black carbon (DBC) plays a crucial role in the migration and bioavailability of iron in water. However, the properties of DBC releasing under diverse pyrolysis conditions and dissolving processes have not been systematically studied. Here, the compositions of DBC released from biochar through redox processes dominated by bacteria and light were thoroughly studied. It was found that the DBC released from straw biochar possess more oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic substances. The content of phenolic and carboxylic groups in DBC was increased under influence of microorganisms and light, respectively. The concentration of phenolic hydroxyl groups increased from 10.0∼57.5 mmol/gC to 6.6 ∼65.2 mmol/gC, and the concentration of carboxyl groups increased from 49.7∼97.5 mmol/gC to 62.1 ∼113.3 mmol/gC. Then the impacts of DBC on pyrite dissolution and microalgae growth were also investigated. The complexing Fe3+ was proved to play a predominant role in the dissolution of ferrous mineral in DBC solution. Due to complexing between iron ion and DBC, the amount of dissolved Fe in aquatic water may rise as a result of elevated number of aromatic components with oxygen containing groups and low molecular weight generated under light conditions. Fe-DBC complexations in solution significantly promoted microalga growth, which might be attributed to the stimulating effect of dissolved Fe on the chlorophyll synthesis. The results of study will deepen our understanding of the behavior and ultimate destiny of DBC released into an iron-rich environment under redox conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Juhong Zhan
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Qiuyun Chai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Changlu Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Cescon M, Stevanin C, Ardit M, Orlandi M, Martucci A, Chenet T, Pasti L, Caramori S, Cristino V. Solvothermally Grown Oriented WO 3 Nanoflakes for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Pharmaceuticals in a Flow Reactor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:860. [PMID: 38786816 PMCID: PMC11124514 DOI: 10.3390/nano14100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Contamination by pharmaceuticals adversely affects the quality of natural water, causing environmental and health concerns. In this study, target drugs (oxazepam, OZ, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, EE2, and drospirenone, DRO), which have been extensively detected in the effluents of WWTPs over the past decades, were selected. We report here a new photoactive system, operating under visible light, capable of degrading EE2, OZ and DRO in water. The photocatalytic system comprised glass spheres coated with nanostructured, solvothermally treated WO3 that improves the ease of handling of the photocatalyst and allows for the implementation of a continuous flow process. The photocatalytic system based on solvothermal WO3 shows much better results in terms of photocurrent generation and photocatalyst stability with respect to state-of-the-art WO3 nanoparticles. Results herein obtained demonstrate that the proposed flow system is a promising prototype for enhanced contaminant degradation exploiting advanced oxidation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Cescon
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (V.C.)
| | - Claudia Stevanin
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Matteo Ardit
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6, 35131 Padova, Italy;
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Michele Orlandi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Annalisa Martucci
- Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44121 Ferrara, Italy;
| | - Tatiana Chenet
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Luisa Pasti
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (C.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (V.C.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), University of Ferrara Research Unit, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Vito Cristino
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.C.); (V.C.)
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He H, Shi M, Yang X, Zhan J, Lin Y, Guo Z, Liao Z, Lai C, Ren X, Huang B, Pan X. Dissolved organic matter accelerates microbial degradation of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol in the presence of iron mineral. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:364-376. [PMID: 38105062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and iron minerals widely existing in the natural aquatic environment can mediate the migration and transformation of organic pollutants. However, the mechanism of interaction between DOM and iron minerals in the microbial degradation of pollutants deserves further investigation. In this study, the mechanism of 17 alpha-ethinylestradiol (EE2) biodegradation mediated by humic acid (HA) and three kinds of iron minerals (goethite, magnetite, and pyrite) was investigated. The results found that HA and iron minerals significantly accelerated the biodegradation process of EE2, and the highest degradation efficiency of EE2 (48%) was observed in the HA-mediated microbial system with pyrite under aerobic conditions. Furthermore, it had been demonstrated that hydroxyl radicals (HO•) was the main active substance responsible for the microbial degradation of EE2. HO• is primarily generated through the reaction between hydrogen peroxide secreted by microorganisms and Fe(II), with aerobic conditions being more conducive. The presence of iron minerals and HA could change the microbial communities in the EE2 biodegradation system. These findings provide new information for exploring the migration and transformation of pollutants by microorganisms in iron-rich environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Min Shi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Juhong Zhan
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Yanting Lin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China
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Goswami S, Dutta D, Pandey S, Chattopadhyay P, Lalhmunsiama, Dubey R, Tiwari D. Novel fibrous Ag(NP) decorated clay-polymer composite: Implications in water purification contaminated with predominant micro-pollutants and bacteria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 359:121063. [PMID: 38704955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to the potential harm caused by emerging micro-pollutants to living organisms, contaminating water supplies by micro-pollutants like EDCs, pharmaceuticals, and microorganisms has become a concern in many countries. Considering both microbiological and micro-pollutant exposure risks associated with water use for agricultural/or household purposes, it is imperative to create a strategy for improving pollutant removal from treated wastewater that is both effective and affordable. Natural clay minerals efficiently remove contaminants from wastewater, though the pristine clay has less affinity to several organic pollutants. Hydrophilic polymers, viz., poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), improve the dispersion of particles, flocculation processes, and surface properties. In this study, PEG grafted with attapulgite, thereby providing a high-specific surface-area, mesoporous materials for the adsorption of micro-pollutants like ciprofloxacin (CIP) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) at high rates. A gentle washing process regenerates the clay-polymer material several times with no performance loss, and the natural water implications show fair applicability of solid in decontaminating the CIP and EE2 in an aqueous medium. Further, greenly synthesized silver nanoparticles in situ disperse with the clay polymer efficiently remove the gram-positive and gram-negative bacterium viz., Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which are commonly persistent in aquatic environments. The clay polymer outperformed a modified clay composite to eliminate microorganisms and organic micro-pollutants in significant quantities quickly. These results clearly show the importance of fibrous clay-polymer composite for water purification technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Goswami
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - Dhiraj Dutta
- DRL, Post Bag No 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Shreekant Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825301, India
| | | | - Lalhmunsiama
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India
| | - Rama Dubey
- DRL, Post Bag No 02, Tezpur, Assam, 784001, India
| | - Diwakar Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mizoram University, Aizawl, 796004, India.
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Cui D, He H, Xie W, Yang S, Guo Z, Liao Z, Liu F, Lai C, Ren X, Huang B, Pan X. Occurrence and cycle of dissolved iron mediated by humic acids resulting in continuous natural photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133155. [PMID: 38091802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), a synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemical, can degrade in natural waters where humic acids (HA) and dissolved iron (DFe) are present. The iron is mostly bound in Fe(III)-HA complexes, the formation process of Fe(III)-HA complexes and their effect on EE2 degradation were explored in laboratory experiments. The mechanism of ferrihydrite facilitated by HA was explored with results indicating that HA facilitated the dissolution of ferrihydrite and the generation of Fe(III)-HA complexes with the stable chemical bonds such as C-O, CO in neutral, alkaline media with a suitable Fe/C ratio. 1O2, •OH, and 3HA* were all found to be important in the photodegradation of EE2 mediated by Fe(III)-HA complexes. Fe(III)-HA complexes could produce Fe(II) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to create conditions suitable for photo-Fenton reactions at neutral pH. HA helped to maintain higher dissolved iron concentrations and alter the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycling. The natural EE2 photodegradation pathway elucidated here provides a theoretical foundation for investigating the natural transformation of other trace organic contaminants in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Cui
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Wenxiao Xie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Chaochao Lai
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaomin Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
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6
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Cai T, Zhang X, Zhang S, Ming Y, Zhang Q. Photochemical behaviors of dissolved organic matter in aquatic environment: Generation, characterization, influencing factors and practical application. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116174. [PMID: 37209983 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) widely exists in aquatic environment and plays a critical role in environmental photochemical reaction. The photochemical behaviors of DOM in sunlit surface waters have received widely attention because its photochemical effects for some coexisted substances in aquatic environment, especially for organic micropollutants degradation. Therefore, to gain a comprehensive understanding of the photochemical properties and environmental effects of DOM, we reviewed the influence of sources on the structure and composition of DOM with relevant identified techniques to analysis functional groups. Additionally, identification and quantification for reactive intermediates are discussed with a focus on influencing factors to produce reactive intermediates by DOM under solar irradiation. These reactive intermediates can promote the photodegradation of organic micropollutants in the environmental system. In future, attention should be paid to the photochemical properties of DOM and environmental effects in real environmental system and development of advanced techniques to study DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Cai
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Shudong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanbo Ming
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuzhuo Zhang
- Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Biotransformation of Organic Solid Waste, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, 200241, Shanghai, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), 3663 N. Zhongshan Rd., Shanghai, 200062, China; Technology Innovation Center for Land Spatial Eco-restoration in Metropolitan Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, 3663 N. Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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7
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Liao Z, He H, Cui D, Cui J, Yang X, Guo Z, Chen H, Dao G, Huang B, Sun H, Pan X. Algal organic matter and dissolved Mn cooperatively accelerate 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation: Role of photogenerated reactive Mn(III). WATER RESEARCH 2023; 236:119980. [PMID: 37080107 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Algal extracellular organic matter (EOM), a major fraction of the dissolved organic matter found in eutrophic plateau lakes, can act as a photosensitizer to drive the abiotic oxidation of Mn(II). This process has the potential to generate reactive Mn(III) and influence the fate of organic pollutants. In this study, the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) in the presence of Mn(II) and EOM was investigated with emphasis on the photogeneration mechanism of Mn(III). The results indicated that Mn(II) can accelerate EE2 photodegradation in EOM solution owing to the photogeneration of reactive Mn(III), and the enhancement was greater at higher Mn(II) concentrations. The generation of reactive Mn(III) was mainly attributable to the action of superoxide radical generated by photosensitization of EOM. In addition, the photodegradation of EE2 was slower at higher pH, possibly because of the deactivation of Mn(III) under alkaline conditions. Single-electron transfer was an indispensable process in the photodegradation. The differences in fluorophore content, pH, and NO3- concentrations are all important determinants for EE2 photodegradation in natural waters. The information obtained in this research would contribute to the understanding of reactions between Mn(II) and EOM, and provide new insights into the behaviors of reactive Mn(III) in eutrophic water irradiated by sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Southwest United Graduate School, Kunming 650092, China
| | - Huan He
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Danni Cui
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jingye Cui
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ziwei Guo
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guohua Dao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bin Huang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Kunming 650500, China
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