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Lussich F, Dhaliwal JK, Faiia AM, Jagadamma S, Schaeffer SM, Saha D. Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8437. [PMID: 38600170 PMCID: PMC11006885 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cover cropping is a promising strategy to improve soil health, but it may also trigger greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O). Beyond nitrogen (N) availability, cover crop residue decomposition may accelerate heterotrophic respiration to limit soil O2 availability, hence promote N2O emissions from denitrification under sub-optimal water-filled pore space (WFPS) conditions that are typically not conducive to large N2O production. We conducted a 21-day incubation experiment to examine the effects of contrasting cover crop residue (grass vs legume) decomposition on soil O2 and biogeochemical changes to influence N2O and CO2 emissions from 15N labeled fertilized soils under 50% and 80% WFPS levels. Irrespective of cover crop type, mixing cover crop residue with N fertilizer resulted in high cumulative N2O emissions under both WFPS conditions. In the absence of cover crop residues, the N fertilizer effect of N2O was only realized under 80% WFPS, whereas it was comparable to the control under 50% WFPS. The N2O peaks under 50% WFPS coincided with soil O2 depletion and concomitant high CO2 emissions when cover crop residues were mixed with N fertilizer. While N fertilizer largely contributed to the total N2O emissions from the cover crop treatments, soil organic matter and/or cover crop residue derived N2O had a greater contribution under 50% than 80% WFPS. Our results underscore the importance of N2O emissions from cover crop-based fertilized systems under relatively lower WFPS via a mechanism of respiration-induced anoxia and highlight potential risks of underestimating N2O emissions under sole reliance on WFPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Lussich
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Jashanjeet Kaur Dhaliwal
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Anthony M Faiia
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sindhu Jagadamma
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Sean M Schaeffer
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Debasish Saha
- Department of Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA.
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de Carvalho AM, Ramos MLG, Dos Santos DCR, de Oliveira AD, de Carvalho Mendes I, Silva SB, de Sousa TR, Dantas RDA, Silva AMM, Marchão RL. Understanding the Relations between Soil Biochemical Properties and N 2O Emissions in a Long-Term Integrated Crop-Livestock System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:365. [PMID: 38337898 PMCID: PMC10857650 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Edaphoclimatic conditions influence nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agricultural systems where soil biochemical properties play a key role. This study addressed cumulative N2O emissions and their relations with soil biochemical properties in a long-term experiment (26 years) with integrated crop-livestock farming systems fertilized with two P and K rates. The farming systems consisted of continuous crops fertilized with half of the recommended P and K rates (CCF1), continuous crops at the recommended P and K rates (CCF2), an integrated crop-livestock system with half of the recommended P and K rates (ICLF1), and an integrated crop-livestock at the recommended P and K rates (ICLF2). The ICLF2 may have promoted the greatest entry of carbon into the soil and positively influenced the soil's biochemical properties. Total carbon (TC) was highest in ICLF2 in both growing seasons. The particulate and mineral-associated fractions in 2016 and 2017, respectively, and the microbial biomass fraction in the two growing seasons were also very high. Acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase in ICLF1 and ICLF2 were highest in 2016. The soil properties correlated with cumulative N2O emissions were TC, total nitrogen (TN), particulate nitrogen (PN), available nitrogen (AN), mineral-associated organic carbon (MAC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC). The results indicated that ICLF2 induces an accumulation of more stable organic matter (OM) fractions that are unavailable to the microbiota in the short term and result in lower N2O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Divina Cléia Resende Dos Santos
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | | | - Ieda de Carvalho Mendes
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | - Stefany Braz Silva
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Thais Rodrigues de Sousa
- Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine, University of Brasilia, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia 70910-970, Brazil; (D.C.R.D.S.); (S.B.S.); (T.R.d.S.)
| | - Raíssa de Araujo Dantas
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
| | | | - Robélio Leandro Marchão
- Embrapa Cerrados, BR-020, Km 18, Planaltina 73310-970, Brazil; (A.D.d.O.); (I.d.C.M.); (R.d.A.D.); (R.L.M.)
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Fontaine S, Abbadie L, Aubert M, Barot S, Bloor JMG, Derrien D, Duchene O, Gross N, Henneron L, Le Roux X, Loeuille N, Michel J, Recous S, Wipf D, Alvarez G. Plant-soil synchrony in nutrient cycles: Learning from ecosystems to design sustainable agrosystems. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17034. [PMID: 38273527 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Redesigning agrosystems to include more ecological regulations can help feed a growing human population, preserve soils for future productivity, limit dependency on synthetic fertilizers, and reduce agriculture contribution to global changes such as eutrophication and warming. However, guidelines for redesigning cropping systems from natural systems to make them more sustainable remain limited. Synthetizing the knowledge on biogeochemical cycles in natural ecosystems, we outline four ecological systems that synchronize the supply of soluble nutrients by soil biota with the fluctuating nutrient demand of plants. This synchrony limits deficiencies and excesses of soluble nutrients, which usually penalize both production and regulating services of agrosystems such as nutrient retention and soil carbon storage. In the ecological systems outlined, synchrony emerges from plant-soil and plant-plant interactions, eco-physiological processes, soil physicochemical processes, and the dynamics of various nutrient reservoirs, including soil organic matter, soil minerals, atmosphere, and a common market. We discuss the relative importance of these ecological systems in regulating nutrient cycles depending on the pedoclimatic context and on the functional diversity of plants and microbes. We offer ideas about how these systems could be stimulated within agrosystems to improve their sustainability. A review of the latest advances in agronomy shows that some of the practices suggested to promote synchrony (e.g., reduced tillage, rotation with perennial plant cover, crop diversification) have already been tested and shown to be effective in reducing nutrient losses, fertilizer use, and N2 O emissions and/or improving biomass production and soil carbon storage. Our framework also highlights new management strategies and defines the conditions for the success of these nature-based practices allowing for site-specific modifications. This new synthetized knowledge should help practitioners to improve the long-term productivity of agrosystems while reducing the negative impact of agriculture on the environment and the climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Fontaine
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Luc Abbadie
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Michaël Aubert
- UNIROUEN, INRAE, ECODIV-Rouen, Normandie Univ, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien Barot
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Juliette M G Bloor
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Olivier Duchene
- ISARA, Research Unit Agroecology and Environment, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Gross
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Xavier Le Roux
- INRAE UMR 1418, CNRS UMR 5557, VetAgroSup, Microbial Ecology Centre LEM, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Nicolas Loeuille
- UPEC, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement, IEES, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Michel
- Plant Sciences, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Sylvie Recous
- INRAE, FARE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Daniel Wipf
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, INRAE, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Gaël Alvarez
- INRAE, VetAgro Sup, Université Clermont Auvergne, UMR Ecosystème Prairial, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Li Y, Muhammad R, Saba B, Xia H, Wang X, Wang J, Xia X, Cuncang J. Effect of co-application of straw and various nitrogen fertilizers on N 2O emission in acid soil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119045. [PMID: 37778069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to explore the alteration of N transformation and N2O emissions in acid soil with the co-application of straw and different types of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, an incubation experiment was carried out for 40 days. There are totally five treatments in the study: (a) without straw and N fertilizer (N0), (b) straw alone application (SN0), (c) straw with NH4Cl (SN1), (d) straw with NaNO3 (SN2), and (e) straw with NH4NO3 (SN3). N2O emissions, soil physicochemical properties, and abundance/activity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were measured. The results showed that the combined application of straw and N enhanced N2O emissions, particularly, SN2 and SN3 treatments. Moreover, the soil pH was lower in co-application treatments and the average decreasing rate was 9.69%. Specially, the pH was lowest in the SN1 treatment. The results of correlation analysis indicated a markedly negative relationship between pH and N2O, as well as a negative relationship between pH and net mineralization rate. These findings suggest that pH alteration can affect the N transformation process in soil and thus influence N2O emissions. In addition, the dominant AOA at the genus level in the SN2 treatment was Nitrosopumilus, and Candidatus nitrosocosmicus in the SN3 treatment. The reshaped AOA structure can serve as additional evidence of the changes in the N transformation process. In conclusion, as the return of straw, the cumulation of N2O from arable acid soil depends on the form of N fertilizer. It is also important to consider how N fertilizer is applied to reduce the possibility of N being lost in the soil as gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Riaz Muhammad
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, PR China.
| | - Babar Saba
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Hao Xia
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiangling Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecoagriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, PR China.
| | - JiYuan Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Xiaoyang Xia
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Jiang Cuncang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecoagriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, PR China.
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Olesen JE, Rees RM, Recous S, Bleken MA, Abalos D, Ahuja I, Butterbach-Bahl K, Carozzi M, De Notaris C, Ernfors M, Haas E, Hansen S, Janz B, Lashermes G, Massad RS, Petersen SO, Rittl TF, Scheer C, Smith KE, Thiébeau P, Taghizadeh-Toosi A, Thorman RE, Topp CFE. Challenges of accounting nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural crop residues. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6846-6855. [PMID: 37800369 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues are important inputs of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to soils and thus directly and indirectly affect nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions. As the current inventory methodology considers N inputs by crop residues as the sole determining factor for N2 O emissions, it fails to consider other underlying factors and processes. There is compelling evidence that emissions vary greatly between residues with different biochemical and physical characteristics, with the concentrations of mineralizable N and decomposable C in the residue biomass both enhancing the soil N2 O production potential. High concentrations of these components are associated with immature residues (e.g., cover crops, grass, legumes, and vegetables) as opposed to mature residues (e.g., straw). A more accurate estimation of the short-term (months) effects of the crop residues on N2 O could involve distinguishing mature and immature crop residues with distinctly different emission factors. The medium-term (years) and long-term (decades) effects relate to the effects of residue management on soil N fertility and soil physical and chemical properties, considering that these are affected by local climatic and soil conditions as well as land use and management. More targeted mitigation efforts for N2 O emissions, after addition of crop residues to the soil, are urgently needed and require an improved methodology for emission accounting. This work needs to be underpinned by research to (1) develop and validate N2 O emission factors for mature and immature crop residues, (2) assess emissions from belowground residues of terminated crops, (3) improve activity data on management of different residue types, in particular immature residues, and (4) evaluate long-term effects of residue addition on N2 O emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | | | - Sylvie Recous
- INRAE, FARE UMR, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Marina A Bleken
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Ishita Ahuja
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Tingvoll, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Steinkjer, Norway
| | - Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Marco Carozzi
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Chiara De Notaris
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Impacts on Agriculture, Forests and Ecosystem Services Division, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria Ernfors
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Edwin Haas
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Sissel Hansen
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Baldur Janz
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Raia S Massad
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Søren O Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Tatiana F Rittl
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- NORSØK-Norwegian Centre for Organic Agriculture, Tingvoll, Norway
| | - Clemens Scheer
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | | | - Pascal Thiébeau
- INRAE, FARE UMR, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi
- Department of Agroecology, iCLIMATE, Land-CRAFT, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
- Danish Technological Institute, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster, UK
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Taoumi H, Lahrech K. Economic, environmental and social efficiency and effectiveness development in the sustainable crop agricultural sector: A systematic in-depth analysis review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165761. [PMID: 37517726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-dimensional inclusion of economic, environmental, and social sustainability spheres together are the most global concerns of the agricultural crop sector. Therefore, optimizing waste and natural resources guides researchers and policymakers to structure actions and strategies to attain sustainability. Several studies have been published around the world to choose between focusing on eco-efficiency or eco-effectiveness in different aspects. This work aims to systematically apply an updated review to critically assess the agricultural research articles' contributions among the assessment of those methods, models or tools, as well as a quantitative and qualitative in-depth analysis review to classify them, according to their mapping, functions, strengths, weaknesses, and logical relationships for the evaluation in the crop agricultural sector, which is expected to be needed in future to better understand the research gaps and select the appropriate methods for sustainability evaluation from different spheres (ecology, economy, and sociology). Of 242 peer-reviewed records from 2018 to the beginning of 2023, 135 reviews and articles gathered from Web of Science and Scopus meet the criteria to be examined. Our analysis revealed that the number of reviews is limited to approximately 4.5 %; most of the case studies were carried out in countries, such as China (36 %) and Brazil (6 %), and continents such as Europe (16 %). Depending on considered aspects, most studies evaluate the efficiency, effectiveness and derivatives using a set of tools, varying between the managerial tools applied for the macro-level structuration (DPSIR, EMA, and LCA) and mathematical tools applied for the micro-level quantification, subdivided into the visualization methods (GIS), and the optimization methods (DEA, SFA, MILP, FO). Thanks to their multifunctionality in considering different aspects of input, output and influence factors variables, the in-depth analysis study suggests the application of data envelopment and stochastic analysis to carry out a multidisciplinary evaluation for the socio-eco-efficiency or the socio-eco-effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Taoumi
- SidiMohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), IPI Laboratory, ENS, Fez, Morocco.
| | - Khadija Lahrech
- SidiMohamed Ben Abdellah University (USMBA), ENSA, Fez, Morocco.
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Ansari SA, Shakeel A, Sawarkar R, Maddalwar S, Khan D, Singh L. Additive facilitated co-composting of lignocellulosic biomass waste, approach towards minimizing greenhouse gas emissions: An up to date review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115529. [PMID: 36822534 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the composting of lignocellulosic biomass is an emerging waste-to-wealth approach towards organic waste management and circular economy, it still has some environmental loopholes that must be addressed to make it more sustainable and reliable. The significant difficulties encountered when composting lignocellulosic waste biomass are consequently discussed in this study, as well as the advances in science that have been achieved throughout time to handle these problems in a sustainable manner. It discusses an important global concern, the emission of greenhouse gases during the composting process which limits its applicability on a broader scale. Furthermore, it discusses in detail, how different organic minerals and biological additives modify the physiochemical and biological characteristics of compost, aiming at developing eco-friendly compost with minimum odor, greenhouse gases emission and an optimum C/N ratio. It brings novel insights by demonstrating the effect of additives on the microbial enzymes and their pathways involved in the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. This review also highlights the limitations of the application of additives in composting and suggests possible ways to overcome these limitations in the future for the sustainable and eco-friendly management of agricultural waste. The present review concludes that the use of additives in the co-composting of lignocellulosic biomass can be a viable remedy for the ongoing issues with the management of lignocellulosic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhel Aneesh Ansari
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Adnan Shakeel
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Riya Sawarkar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Shrirang Maddalwar
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Debishree Khan
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
| | - Lal Singh
- Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR NEERI, Nagpur, India.
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Agroecological Management and Increased Grain Legume Area Needed to Meet Nitrogen Reduction Targets for Greenhouse Gas Emissions. NITROGEN 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/nitrogen3030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The nitrogen applied (N-input) to cropping systems supports a high yield but generates major environmental pollution in the form of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and losses to land and water (N-surplus). This paper examines the scope to meet both GHG emission targets and zero N-surplus in high-intensity, mainly cereal, cropping in a region of the Atlantic zone in Europe. A regional survey provides background to crops grown at an experimental farm platform over a run of 5 years. For three main cereal crops under standard management (mean N-input 154 kg ha−1), N-surplus remained well above zero (single year maximum 55% of N-input, five-year mean 27%), but was reduced to near zero by crop diversification (three cereals, one oilseed and one grain legume) and converted to a net nitrogen gain (+39 kg ha−1, 25 crop-years) by implementing low nitrification management in all fields. Up-scaling N-input to the agricultural region indicated the government GHG emissions target of 70% of the 1990 mean could only be met with a combination of low nitrification management and raising the proportion of grain legumes from the current 1–2% to at least 10% at the expense of high-input cereals. Major strategic change in the agri-food system of the region is therefore needed to meet GHG emissions targets.
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Rajagopal R, Bele V, Saady NMC, Hickmann FMW, Goyette B. Anaerobic Digestion of Pig-Manure Solids at Low Temperatures: Start-Up Strategies and Effects of Mode of Operation, Adapted Inoculum, and Bedding Material. BIOENGINEERING (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090435. [PMID: 36134981 PMCID: PMC9495977 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain start-up strategies for the operation of a dry anaerobic digestion (DAD) system treating pig-manure (PM) solids at low-temperatures, and evaluate the effects of operation mode, adapted inoculum, and bedding material on the performance. A DAD system coupled with an inoculum system (two-stage DAD) was operated at 20 ± 1 °C to digest PM solids (Total Solids, TS: 27%) with wheat straw or woodchips as bedding materials (TS substrate-mixture: 45%) using a liquid inoculum. Static DAD was also operated in parallel for comparison purposes. Overall, the percolation–recirculation mode of operation was superior to the static mode; the former had more than a 3-fold increase in specific methane yield in cycle 3. Using the adapted inoculum in cycle-2 improved methane yield by 7% and 26% for cycles 1 and 3, respectively, under the percolation–recirculation mode of operation. In addition, the digestate resulting from the digestion of woodchips + PM solids had better physical characteristics than wheat straw + PM solids. Thus, anaerobic digestion of pig-manure solids at low-temperatures with appropriate start-up strategies, inoculum, and bedding material is a promising technology for transforming PM solids into biogas and using its digestate as biofertilizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajinikanth Rajagopal
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Vaibhavi Bele
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Noori M. Cata Saady
- Civil Engineering Department, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
| | - Felipe M. W. Hickmann
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
- Département des Sciences Animales, Faculté des Sciences de l’Agriculture et de l’Alimentation, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 7712, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Bernard Goyette
- Sherbrooke Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 2000 College Street, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada
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De Notaris C, Abalos D, Mikkelsen MH, Olesen JE. Potential for the adoption of measures to reduce N 2O emissions from crop residues in Denmark. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 835:155510. [PMID: 35490810 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crop residues represent a climate change dilemma: they can promote carbon (C) sequestration, but they may also stimulate emissions of the powerful greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Although there are crop residue management measures to reduce N2O emissions, N2O reductions achieved at national scale with these measures have been seldom studied, and how farmers' willingness to accept the measures constrains their potential remains largely unknown. Using Denmark as a case study, we combined a survey (completed by 592 farmers) and national data to assess the practical potential and obstacles for the successful implementation of management strategies to reduce N2O emissions from crop residues. Crop residue removal (particularly from vegetables and cover crops) and nitrification inhibitors were identified as effective in reducing N2O emissions from a biophysical perspective. If all aboveground crop residues from vegetables and cover crops were removed, N2O emissions could be reduced by 0.181 Gg N2ON, corresponding to 11% of the total N2O emissions from crop residues nationally. However, a low percentage of farmers would be willing to remove crop residues from the field, especially for vegetables and cover crops (25%), in connection to the possible short- to medium-term reduction in C sequestration. Similarly, use of nitrification inhibitors would reduce emissions by 0.247 Gg N2ON, corresponding to 15% of the total residue N2O emissions, and only 37% of all farmers would accept their use. Our results highlight that farmer' preferences for the adoption of measures can constrain the use of the few available effective mitigation options. Better knowledge dissemination and advisory services are crucial to address this challenge; farmers may be motivated to remove aboveground crop residues by highlighting the proportionally more important contribution of belowground residues to C sequestration, and that aboveground residues may have commercial value (biorefining, biogas, biofuel), although these options need further development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Abalos
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark; iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
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