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Shah SSH, Nakagawa K, Yokoyama R, Berndtsson R. Heavy metal immobilization and radish growth improvement using Ca(OH) 2-treated cypress biochar in contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142385. [PMID: 38777201 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination poses a significant threat to soil quality, plant growth, and food safety, and directly affects multiple UN SDGs. Addressing this issue and offering a remediation solution are vital for human health. One effective approach for immobilizing heavy metals involves impregnating cypress chips with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) to enhance the chemical adsorption capacity of the resulting woody charcoal. In the present study, un-treated cypress biochar (UCBC) and calcium-treated cypress biochar (TCBC), were introduced into pristine and contaminated soil, at rates of 3, 6, and 9% (w/w). Both BCs were alkaline (UCBC pH: 8.9, TCBC pH: 9.7) with high specific surface area, which improved the soil properties (pH, EC, and OM). Radish (Raphanus sativus) cultivated in pots revealed that both UCBC and TCBC demonstrated significant improvements in growth attributes and heavy metal immobilization compared to the control, with TCBC exhibiting superior effects. The TCBC surface showed highly active nanosized precipitated calcium carbonate particles that were active in immobilizing heavy metals. The application of TCBC at a rate of 9% resulted in a substantial reduction in Zn and Cu uptake by radish roots and shoots. In contaminated soil, Zn uptake by radish roots decreased by 55% (68.3-31.0 mg kg-1), and shoots by 37% (49.3-31.0 mg kg-1); Cu uptake decreased by 40% (38.6-23.2 mg kg-1) in roots and 39% (58.2-35.2 mg kg-1) in shoots. Uptake of Pb was undetectable after TCBC application. Principal component analysis (PCA) highlighted the potential of TCBC over UCBC in reducing heavy metal concentrations and promoting radish growth. Future research should consider the long-term effects and microbial interactions of TCBC application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shabbar Hussain Shah
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Kei Nakagawa
- Institute of Integrated Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan.
| | - Riei Yokoyama
- Okayama Research Institute, NISSHOKU Group Inc., 573-1 Takao, Tsuyama-shi, Okayama, 708-8652, Japan
| | - Ronny Berndtsson
- Division of Water Resources Engineering & Centre for Advanced Middle Eastern Studies, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Shahid S, Imtiaz H, Rashid J, Xu M, Vithanage M, Ahmad M. Uptake, translocation, and nutrient efficiency of nano-bonechar as a plant growth regulator in hydroponics and soil systems. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118695. [PMID: 38493857 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology in terms of nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and quantum dots, when exposed to the plants, helps increase their productivity. It is worth the effort to comprehend the fate of these nanoparticles in plants. Bonechar derived from bones is a rich source of C, P, Ca2+, and Mg2+ nutrients, which can significantly contribute to the growth of the plants. This study focused on the uptake of nano-bonechar (NBC) in the Syngonium podophyllum plant, and its effects on plant growth under hydroponics and soil systems. The compound microscopy and SEM-EDX results confirmed the presence of NBC in the leaves and roots of the plants in hydroponics and soil systems. The FTIR spectra reflected the presence of functional groups of the NBC in the leaves of the Syngonium podophyllum plant. The plant's growth parameters showed an increase in fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, chlorophyll content, leaf count, total Ca2+, total PO43-, and total organic carbon of plants in both systems. The NBC not just improved plant physiochemical parameters but also built up the soil quality in terms of bioavailable Ca2+, PO43-, water holding capacity, and soil organic matter. It is concluded that the production of carbon-based NBC not only helps manage bone waste but also their efficient uptake in plants significantly improving plant productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saher Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Hina Imtiaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Rashid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Ming Xu
- BNU-HKUST Laboratory for Green Innovation, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, 519087, China
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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3
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Kravchenko E, Dela Cruz TL, Chen XW, Wong MH. Ecological consequences of biochar and hydrochar amendments in soil: assessing environmental impacts and influences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:42614-42639. [PMID: 38900405 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have caused irreversible consequences on our planet, including climate change and environmental pollution. Nevertheless, reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and capturing carbon can mitigate global warming. Biochar and hydrochar are increasingly used for soil remediation due to their stable adsorption qualities. As soil amendments, these materials improve soil quality and reduce water loss, prevent cracking and shrinkage, and interact with microbial communities, resulting in a promising treatment method for reducing gas emissions from the top layer of soil. However, during long-term studies, contradictory results were found, suggesting that higher biochar application rates led to higher soil CO2 effluxes, biodiversity loss, an increase in invasive species, and changes in nutrient cycling. Hydrochar, generated through hydrothermal carbonization, might be less stable when introduced into the soil, which could lead to heightened GHG emissions due to quicker carbon breakdown and increased microbial activity. On the other hand, biochar, created via pyrolysis, demonstrates stability and can beneficially impact GHG emissions. Biochar could be the preferred red option for carbon sequestration purposes, while hydrochar might be more advantageous for use as a gas adsorbent. This review paper highlights the ecological impact of long-term applications of biochar and hydrochar in soil. In general, using these materials as soil amendments helps establish a sustainable pool of organic carbon, decreasing atmospheric GHG concentration and mitigating the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Kravchenko
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Soil Health Laboratory, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia
| | - Trishia Liezl Dela Cruz
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xun Wen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Research Centre for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, Department of Ecology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ming Hung Wong
- Soil Health Laboratory, Southern Federal University, Rostov-On-Don, Russia.
- Consortium On Health, Environment, Education, and Research (CHEER), The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong, China.
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4
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Imtiaz H, Khan M, Khan BA, Shahid S, Rajapaksha AU, Ahmad M. Uncovering nano-bonechar for attenuating fluoride in naturally contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141490. [PMID: 38417494 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Fluoride ion (F-) is one of the major geogenic contaminants in water and soil. Excessive consumption of these geogenic contaminants poses serious health impacts on humans and plants. In this study, a novel carbonaceous material, nano-bonechar, was synthesized from cow bones and applied as a soil amendment at rates of 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% to remediate and revitalize naturally F--contaminated soil. The results revealed that the nano-bonechar significantly reduced the mobility and bioavailability of F- by 90% in the contaminated soil, and improved the soil quality by increasing the soil water holding capacity, soil organic matter, and the bioavailable contents of PO43-, Ca2+, and Na+. Subsequently, the pot experiment results showed a significant reduction in the uptake of F- by 93% in Zea mays plants. Moreover, the nano-bonechar application improved the plant's growth, as indicated by the higher fresh and dry weights, root and shoot lengths, and total content of PO43-, Ca2+, and K+ than those of un-amended soil. The F-immobilization in soil was mainly due to the presence of the hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] mineral in the nano-bonechar. Ion exchange between OH- (of nano-bonechar) and F- (of soil), and the formation of insoluble fluorite (CaF2) contributed to the attenuation of F- mobility in the soil. It is concluded that nano-bonechar, due to its size and enrichment in hydroxyapatite, could successfully be utilized for the rapid remediation and revitalization of F--contaminated agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Imtiaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Matiullah Khan
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Basit Ahmed Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Saher Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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Kwak E, Kim JH, Choi NC, Seo E, Lee S. Longevity prediction of reactive media in permeable reactive barriers considering the contamination level and groundwater velocity at the planning site, with a focus on cadmium removal by zeolite. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141532. [PMID: 38403119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Zeolite is a versatile and effective reactive material used in permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) for remediating groundwater contaminated with heavy metals. In this study, we evaluated the influence of subsurface environmental conditions, namely contamination level (C0) and groundwater velocity (v), on predicting the longevity of zeolite for cadmium (Cd) removal. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the effect of C0 on Cd removal, and column experiments were performed to examine how Cd transportation through zeolite varies at different C0 and v. Breakthrough curves (BTCs) were analyzed with an advection-dispersion equation (ADE) coupled with nonequilibrium sorption rate models. The reaction parameters indicating the performance metrics of zeolite were determined using an iterative fitting approach-retardation factor (R), partitioning coefficient (β), and mass transfer coefficient (ω). R exhibited dependence on C0, but was unrelated to v; its rapid increase at lower C0 was explained by Langmuir sorption isotherms. β and ω, integral to sorption dynamics and mass transfer, respectively, showcased functional relationships with v. β decreased gradually as v increased, described by the nonequilibrium sorption model, whereas ω increased steadily with v, guided by the Monod function. Using the relationship of these parameters, the fate and transport of Cd within zeolite was simulated under various subsurface environmental conditions to construct the longevity prediction function. Thus, this study introduces a method for predicting the longevity of reactive materials, which can be valuable for designing PRBs with high longevity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjie Kwak
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nag-Choul Choi
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Euiyoung Seo
- Korea Mine Rehabilitation and Mineral Resources Corporation, 199, Hyeoksin-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do, 26464, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonjae Lee
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Imtiaz H, Naeem S, Ahmad M. Investigating the potential of nanobonechar toward climate-smart agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:128. [PMID: 38483731 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Extreme climates and the unpredictability of the weather are significant obstacles to agricultural productivity. This study is the first attempt to explore the capacity of nanobonechar (NBC) for promoting climate-smart agriculture. A pot experiment was performed on maize (Zea mays L.) under a deficit irrigation system (40, 70, and 100% irrigation rates) using different soil application rates of the NBC (0, 0.5, 1, and 2% wt/wt). Additionally, the CO2-C efflux rate and cumulative CO2-C were measured in an incubation experiment. The results indicated the best performance of the 1% NBC treatment under a 70% irrigation rate in terms of the fresh and dry weights of maize plants. Total PO43- and Ca2+ were significantly higher in the plants grown in the NBC-amended soil as compared to the control, showing a gradual increase with an increase in the NBC application rate. The improved productivity of maize plants under a deficit irrigation system was associated with enhanced water-holding capacity, organic matter, and bioavailability of cations (Ca2+, K+, and Na+) and anions (PO43- and NO3-) in the soils amended with NBC. The CO2-C efflux rate and cumulative CO2-C emissions remain higher in the NBC-amended soil than in the un-amended soil, pertaining to the high contents of soil organic matter emanating from the NBC. We conclude that NBC could potentially be used as a soil amendment for promoting maize growth under a water stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Imtiaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sana Naeem
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Mahtab Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
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7
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Xiao J, Li X, Zhang X, Cao Y, Vithanage M, Bolan N, Wang H, Zhong Z, Chen G. Contrasting effect of pristine, ball-milled and Fe-Mn modified bone biochars on dendroremediation potential of Salix jiangsuensis "172" for cadmium- and zinc-contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:123019. [PMID: 38008255 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Bone biochar (BC) has a high capacity for the immobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTEs); however, its effect on dendroremediation efficiency remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%) of BC, ball-milled BC (MBC), and Fe-Mn oxide-modified BC (FMBC) on soil properties, plant growth, and metal accumulation in Salix jiangsuensis "172" (SJ-172) grown in cadmium (Cd)- and zinc (Zn)-contaminated soil. BC and MBC promoted the photosynthetic rate, mineral element absorption, and plant growth of SJ-172, whereas FMBC inhibited the growth of SJ-172. Different biochars greatly influenced the concentrations of Cd and Zn in tissues of SJ-172. BC and MBC elevated the Cd levels, whereas FMBC decreased the Cd content in the leaves, stems, and cuttings of SJ-172. Unlikely, BC, MBC and FMBC show no evident change to the Zn concentration in the aboveground tissues of SJ-172, while decreased root Cd and Zn content compared with the control. MBC, at a 2.0% application rate, significantly increased the translocation factors of Cd (55.0%) and Zn (40.87%), whereas BC and FMBC demonstrated no significant effects compared with the control (P > 0.05). Moreover, 2.0% BC and MBC increased Cd and Zn accumulation in SJ-172 by 28.40 and 41.14, and 25.89 and 36.16%, respectively, whereas 2.0% FMBC reduced Cd and Zn accumulation by 53.20% and 13.18 %, respectively, compared with the control. The phytoremediation potential of SJ-172 for Cd- and Zn-contaminated soils was enhanced by MBC and BC, whereas it was lowered by FMBC compared to the control. These results provide novel insights for the application of fast-growing trees assisted by biochar amendments in the dendroremediation of severely PTEs-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Xiao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yini Cao
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China; Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China
| | - Zheke Zhong
- China National Bamboo Research Center, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Guangcai Chen
- Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou, 311400, China.
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8
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Khalid Z, Liu X, Duan Y, Lin S, Jiang X. Immobilization mechanisms of heavy metals by utilizing natural cow bone waste for municipal solid waste incineration fly ash treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125585-125595. [PMID: 38006480 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31180-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash poses intricate compositional challenges and potential environmental hazards. Effective management of such hazardous waste is imperative to mitigate the release of toxic compounds into the environment. Solidification/stabilization (S/S) processes have emerged as a viable strategy to transform MSWI fly ash from incineration waste into a safer and more environmentally benign material. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the potential of utilizing cow bone waste to stabilize heavy metals, focusing on Pb, within municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Experimental investigations encompassed cow bone-to-fly ash weight ratios ranging from 0.0 (control group) to 7:3, a settling time of 2 h, and a liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratio of 1.0 mL/g. Cow bone waste exhibited pronounced efficacy, particularly within the short settling time, yielding a remarkable Pb removal efficiency of up to 99% at a cow bone waste dose of merely 2% and an L/S ratio of 1.0 mL/g. Concurrently, other heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, and Zn were effectively stabilized with a cow bone waste dose of 1.5% during the same 2-h settling period. The results underscore the pivotal roles of ash/bone ratio and settling time in augmenting Pb stabilization in MSWI fly ash. The application of cow bone waste is anticipated to offer a cost-effective and environmentally sound approach, aligning with sustainable waste management principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Khalid
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shunda Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuguang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Institute of Thermal Power Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang University Qingshanhu Energy Research Centre, Linan, Hangzhou, 311305, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Clean Energy and Carbon Neutrality of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, 1300 Dongshengxilu Road, Jiaxing, 314031, China.
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Piccirillo C. Preparation, characterisation and applications of bone char, a food waste-derived sustainable material: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117896. [PMID: 37080100 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The production of increasing quantities of by-products is a key challenge for modern society; their valorisation - turning them into valuable compounds with technological applications - is the way forward, in line with circular economy principles. In this review, the conversion of bones (by-products of the agro-food industry) into bone char is described. Bone char is obtained with a process of pyrolysis, which converts the organic carbon into an inorganic graphitic one. Differently from standard biochar of plant origin, however, bone char also contains calcium phosphates, the main component of bone (often hydroxyapatite). The combination of calcium phosphate and graphitic carbon makes bone char a unique material, with different possible uses. Here bone chars' applications in environmental remediation, sustainable agriculture, catalysis and electrochemistry are discussed; several aspects are considered, including the bones used to prepare bone char, the preparation conditions, how these affect the properties of the materials (i.e. porosity, surface area) and its functional properties. The advantages and limitations of bone chars in comparison to traditional biochar are discussed, highlighting the directions the research should take for bone chars' performances to improve. Moreover, an analysis on the sustainability of bone chars' preparation and use is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Piccirillo
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecoteckne, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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Li X, Fu T, Li H, Zhang B, Li W, Zhang B, Wang X, Wang J, Chen Q, He X, Chen H, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yang R, Peng Y. Safe Production Strategies for Soil-Covered Cultivation of Morel in Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soils. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:765. [PMID: 37504753 PMCID: PMC10381497 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Morel is a popular edible mushroom with considerable medicinal and economic value which has garnered global popularity. However, the increasing heavy metal (HM) pollution in the soil presents a significant challenge to morels cultivation. Given the susceptibility of morels to HM accumulation, the quality and output of morels are at risk, posing a serious food safety concern that hinders the development of the morel industry. Nonetheless, research on the mechanism of HM enrichment and mitigation strategies in morel remains scarce. The morel, being cultivated in soil, shows a positive correlation between HM content in its fruiting body and the HM content in the soil. Therefore, soil remediation emerges as the most practical and effective approach to tackle HM pollution. Compared to physical and chemical remediation, bioremediation is a low-cost and eco-friendly approach that poses minimal threats to soil composition and structure. HMs easily enriched during morels cultivation were examined, including Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb, and we assessed soil passivation technology, microbial remediation, strain screening and cultivation, and agronomic measures as potential approaches for HM pollution prevention. The current review underscores the importance of establishing a comprehensive system for preventing HM pollution in morels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Tianhong Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Hongzhao Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 258000, China
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bangxi Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Wendi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Baige Zhang
- Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetable, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Qiandongnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kaili 556000, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xuehan He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qinyu Zhang
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Yujin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563006, China
| | - Rende Yang
- Soil and Fertilizer Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Yutao Peng
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
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11
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Lv T, Xu X, Lv G, Xu C, Wang G, Zhang S, Yang Z, Cheng Z, Cai J, Li T, Pu Y, Gan W, Pu Z, Xiao G. Green remediation of Ni, Zn, and Cu in an electroplating contaminated site by wood vinegar with optimization and risk assessment. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115108. [PMID: 37285674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Wood vinegar (WV) is a renewable organic compound, possessing characteristics such as high oxygenated compound content and low negative impact on soil. Based on its weak acid properties and complexing ability to potentially toxic elements (PTEs), WV was used to leach Ni, Zn, and Cu contaminated soil in electroplating sites. In addition, the response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was established to clarify the interaction between each single factor, and finally completed the risk assessment of the soil. The amounts of PTEs leached from the soil climbed with the increase of WV concentration, liquid-solid ratio, and leaching time, while they surged with the decrease of pH. Under optimal leaching circumstances (the concentration of WV= 100 %; washing time= 919 min; pH= 1.00), the removal rates of Ni, Zn, and Cu could reach 91.7 %, 57.8 %, and 65.0 %, respectively, and the WV-extracted PTEs were mainly from the Fe-Mn oxides fraction. After leaching, the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) decreased from an initial value of 7.08 (indicating severe pollution) to 0.450 (indicating no pollution). The potential ecological risk index (RI) dropped from 274 (medium level) to 39.1 (low level). Additionally, the potential carcinogenic risk (CR) values reduced by 93.9 % for both adults and children. The results revealed that the washing process significantly reduced the pollution level, potential ecological risk, and health risk. Coupled with FTIR and SEM-EDS analysis, the mechanism of WV removal of PTEs could be explained from three aspects: acid activation, H+ ion exchange, and functional group complexation. In summary, WV is an eco-friendly and high-efficiency leaching material for the remediation of PTEs polluted sites, which will maintain soil function and protect human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoxun Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China.
| | - Guochun Lv
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Changlian Xu
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guiyin Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shirong Zhang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhanbiao Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Environment Protection of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhang Cheng
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Junzhuo Cai
- College of Environmental Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ting Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yulin Pu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wenzhi Gan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Zhien Pu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangli Xiao
- Sichuan Keyuan Engineering Technology Testing Center Co., LTD, Chengdu 611130, China
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12
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Stabilization of Hg2+ and Pb2+ in soil using humic acid residue modified by NH4H2PO4. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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13
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Wang R, Liu T, Lu C, Zhang Z, Guo P, Jia B, Hao B, Wang Y, Guo W. Bioorganic fertilizers improve the adaptability and remediation efficiency of Puccinellia distans in multiple heavy metals-contaminated saline soil by regulating the soil microbial community. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130982. [PMID: 36860055 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinization and heavy metal (HM) pollution are global environmental problems. Bioorganic fertilizers facilitate phytoremediation, but their roles and microbial mechanisms in natural HM-contaminated saline soils have not been explored. Therefore, greenhouse pot trials were conducted with three treatments: control (CK), manure bioorganic fertilizer (MOF), and lignite bioorganic fertilizer (LOF). The results showed that MOF and LOF significantly increased nutrient uptake, biomass, toxic ion accumulation in Puccinellia distans, soil available nutrients, SOC, and macroaggregates. More biomarkers were enriched in MOF and LOF. Network analysis confirmed that MOF and LOF increased the number of bacterial functional groups and fungal community stability and strengthened their positive association with plants; Bacteria have a more significant effect on phytoremediation. Most biomarkers and keystones play important roles in promoting plant growth and stress resistance in the MOF and LOF treatments. In summary, besides enrichment of soil nutrients, MOF and LOF can also improve the adaptability and phytoremediation efficiency of P. distans by regulating the soil microbial community, with LOF having a greater effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Tai Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Chengyan Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhechao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Peiran Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Bingbing Jia
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Baihui Hao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Yuchen Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Waste Resource Recycle, Ministry of Education Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
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14
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Dong L, He Z, Wu J, Zhang K, Zhang D, Pan X. Remediation of uranium-contaminated alkaline soil by rational application of phosphorus fertilizers: Effect and mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115172. [PMID: 36584849 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In alkaline soil, abundant carbonates will mobilize uranium (U) and increase its ecotoxicity, which is a serious threat to crop growth. However, the knowledge of U remediation in alkaline soils remains very limited. In this study, U-contaminated alkaline soil (tillage layer) was collected from the Ili mining area of Xinjiang, the soil remediation was carried out by using phosphorus (P) fertilizers of different solubility (including KH2PO4, Ca(H2PO4)2, CaHPO4, and Ca3(PO4)2), and the pathways and mechanisms of U passivation in the alkaline soil were revealed. The results showed that water-soluble P fertilizers, KH2PO4 and Ca(H2PO4)2, were highly effective at immobilizing U, and significantly reduced the bioavailability of soil U. The exchangeable U was reduced by 70.5 ± 0.1% (KH2PO4) and 68.2 ± 1.9% (Ca(H2PO4)2), which was converted into the Fe-Mn oxide-bound and residual phases. Pot experiments showed that soil remediation by KH2PO4 significantly promoted crop growth, especially for roots, and reduced U uptake in crops by 94.5 ± 1.0%. The immobilization of U by KH2PO4 could be attributed to the release of phosphate anions, which react with the uranyl ion (UO22+) forming a stable mineral of meta-ankoleite and enhancing the binding of UO22+ to the soil Fe-Mn oxides. In addition, KH2PO4 dissolution produces acidity and P fertilizer, which can reduce soil alkalinity and improve crop growth. The findings in this work demonstrate that a rational application of P fertilizer can effectively, conveniently, and cheaply remediate U contamination and improve crop yield and safety on alkaline farmland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfeng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanfei He
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Daoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China.
| | - Xiangliang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Bioremediation, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
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15
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Wang Y, Huang Z, Sheng L, Ma Y. Effect of modified humic acid residue on the adsorption and passivation of Hg2+/Pb2+ in solution and soil. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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16
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Sha H, Li J, Wang L, Nong H, Wang G, Zeng T. Preparation of phosphorus-modified biochar for the immobilization of heavy metals in typical lead-zinc contaminated mining soil: Performance, mechanism and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 218:114769. [PMID: 36463989 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of modified biochar for the remediation of heavy metal (HM) has received much attention. However, the immobilization mechanism of biochar to multiple HMs and the interaction of different forms of HMs with microorganisms are still unclear. K2HPO4-modified biochar (PBC) was produced and used in a 90-days immobilization experiment with soil collected from a typic lead-zinc (Pb-Zn) mining soil. Incubation experiments showed that PBC enhanced the transformation of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu from exchangeable (Ex-) and/or carbonate-bound forms (Car-) to organic matter-bound (Or-) and/or residual forms (Re-). After scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM-EDS), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the mechanisms of HM immobilization by PBC were proposed as precipitation (PO43-, HPO42-, OH- and CO32-), electrostatic attraction, complexation (-COOH, -OH and R-O-H) and the indirect roles of soil parameter variations (pH, moisture and microbial community). Microbial community analysis through high-throughput sequencing showed that PBC reduced bacterial and fungal abundance. However, addition of PBC increased the relative proportions of Proteobacteria by 15.04%-42.99%, Actinobacteria by 4.74%-22.04%, Firmicutes by 0.76%-23.35%, Bacteroidota by 0.16%-12.34%, Mortierellomycota by 4.00%-9.66% and Chytridiomycota by 0.10%-13.7%. Ex-Cd/Pb/Zn, Car-Cd/Zn and Re-Cd/Pb/As were significantly positively (0.001<P≤0.05) correlated with bacterial phyla of Crenarchaeota and Methylomirabilota, and Re-Cu and Ex-/Car-/Fe-Mn oxide-bound (Fe-Mn-)/Or-As were significantly positively correlated (0.001<P≤0.05) with the bacterial phyla of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. While Car-Cd/Zn and Re-Pb/As were positively correlated (0.01<P≤0.05) with fungal phyla of Ascomycota, Glomeromycota, Kickxellomycota, Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. The bacterial network contained more complex interactions than the fungal network, suggesting that bacteria play a larger role in HMs transformation processes. The results indicate that PBC is an effective agent for the remediation of HMs polluted soil in Pb-Zn mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Sha
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Liangqin Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Haidu Nong
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Taotao Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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17
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Tian L, Fu KB, Chen S, Yao J, Bian L. Comparison of microscopic adsorption characteristics of Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) on kaolinite. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15936. [PMID: 36153360 PMCID: PMC9509400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractIn this research, kaolinite was used to investigate the comparative adsorption of copper, lead, and zinc ions through batch control experiments and first principles calculations. Different adsorption conditions were considered as the effect of solution acidity, initial concentration of ions, and contact shaking time. The adsorption system isotherms and kinetic studies were better agreed with the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. They reached adsorption equilibrium within two hours and maximum adsorption capacities of Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) on kaolinite were 15.515, 61.523, and 44.659 mg/g, respectively. In addition, the microscopic adsorption changes of Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) on kaolinite were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cu(II) were most likely to be adsorbed on the kaolinite surface. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism of [Zn(OH)]+, [Pb(OH)]+, and [Cu(OH)]+ on the kaolinite (001) surface was systematically studied through first-principles density functional calculations. The adsorption characteristics of different ions were evaluated by calculating the adsorption energy of the equilibrium adsorption configuration, state density, and electron density. The adsorption energy of [Zn(OH)]+, [Pb(OH)]+, and [Cu(OH)]+ were − 0.49, − 1.17, and − 1.64 eV, respectively. The simulation results indicated that new hybrid orbitals were formed between the metal ions and O atoms on the kaolinite surface, with electron transfer occurring the adsorption processes. The charge transfer direction for [Pb(OH)]+ was opposite those for [Zn(OH)]+ and [Cu(OH)]+. [Zn(OH)]+ was more likely to form polydentate complexes with hydroxyl groups on the kaolinite surface than [Cu(OH)]+ and [Pb(OH)]+. This work further elucidated the interaction mechanism between the adsorption systems and provided fundamental theoretical support for the structural modification and optimization of kaolinite, such as increasing the layer spacing of kaolinite and introducing other active groups on its surface to improve the adsorption capacity of heavy metal ions in water treatment and soil remediation.
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Yang Y, Zhang H, Qiu S, Sooranna SR, Deng X, Qu X, Yin W, Chen Q, Niu B. Risk assessment and early warning of the presence of heavy metal pollution in strawberries. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 243:114001. [PMID: 36027710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is a major threat to agricultural produce and it can pose potential ecological risks which subsequently impacts on human health. Strawberries are an economically important produce of China. The intrinsic link of heavy metal pollution risk in the soil-strawberry ecosystem is of concern. In this study, the pollution index of heavy metal pollutants in farmlands of different provinces were evaluated, and the results showed significantly high levels of cadmium. In addition, Nemerow integrated pollution index analysis showed that low-pollution farmlands only accounted for 14.07% of the total arable land area. Then, the transfer factors were used to calculate the migration of heavy metals from the soil into strawberries. The results showed that cadmium and nickel were relatively high in strawberries from the Guangxi province. Similar results were found for mercury in Jiangxi Province. The pollution index of single food pollution also showed that mercury in strawberries from Jiangxi Province was at a moderate pollution level. The comprehensive pollution index indicated that heavy metal pollution in strawberries in Central China may be severe. In addition, spatial clustering analysis showed that cadmium, chromium, lead, arsenic and zinc in strawberries had significant hotspot clustering in central, south and southwest China. Finally, our studies also suggested that the risk of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic diseases was higher in the (2, 4] years age group than in other age groups. People in Yunnan Province were also found to have a higher non-carcinogenic risk than those in other provinces and cities in China. This study provides a comprehensive view of the potential risks of heavy metal contamination in strawberries, which could provide assistance in the design of regulatory and risk management programs for chemical pollutants in strawberries, thus ensuring the safety of consumption of these edible fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yang
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China
| | - Songyin Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Suren Rao Sooranna
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaojun Deng
- Technical Center for Animal, Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, Shanghai Customs, Shanghai 200135, PR China
| | - Xiaosheng Qu
- National Engineering laboratory of Southwest Endangered Medicinal Resources Development, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal, Nanning, PR China
| | - Wenyu Yin
- School of Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Qin Chen
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
| | - Bing Niu
- School of life Science, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, PR China.
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