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Tang F, Zou T, Wang Z, Zhang J. Fabrication of fluorinated triazine-based covalent organic frameworks for selective extraction of fluoroquinolone in milk. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1730:465078. [PMID: 38889582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
A novel fluorinated triazine-based covalent organic frameworks (F-CTFs) was designed and synthesized by using melamine and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoroterephthalaldehydeas as organic ligands for selective pipette tip solid-phase extraction (PT-SPE) of amphiphilic fluoroquinolones (FQs). The competitive adsorption experiment and mechanism study were carried out and verified that this F-CTFs possesses favorable adsorption affinity for FQs. The abundant fluorine affinity sites endowed the F-CTFs high selectivity to FQs extraction through F-F interactions. The adsorption capacity of F-CTFs can reach up to 109.1 mg g-1 for enrofloxacin. The detailed characterization of the F-CTFs adsorbent involved the application of various techniques to examine its morphology and structure. Under optimized conditions, a method combining F-CTF-based PT-SPE with high-performance liquid chromatography (PT-SPE-HPLC) was established, which exhibited a broad linear range, excellent precision, and an impressively low limit of detection, and could be used for the determination of six FQs in milk, with LODs as low as 0.0010 μg mL-1. The recovery rates during extraction varied between 92.1% and 111.4%, exhibiting RSDs below 6.8% at different spiked concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ting Zou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Key Laboratory of Novel Reactor and Green Chemical Technology, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Novel Biomass-Based Environmental and Energy Materials in Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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Weixia L, Lei J, Chaoyan L, Jiacheng L, Shaojie P, Yaping G. Pompon mum-like ionic covalent organic framework nanocomposites for efficient solid-phase extraction of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1727:464971. [PMID: 38761700 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted ionic covalent organic framework nanocomposites (MI-IC-COF@SnO2) were prepared as potential adsorbents for the enhanced adsorption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) from aqueous solution. The resulting material exhibited a pompon mum-like structure, featuring a large surface area, and well-defined mesopores. The presence of uniform positive ions within the three-dimensional skeleton of MI-IC-COF@SnO2 facilitated a rapid adsorption rate and high adsorption capacity for target analytes. Thermodynamic fitting revealed the adsorption process of NSAIDs to be feasible, endothermic, and spontaneous. Additionally, the adsorbent material exhibited respectable selectivity, as evidenced by imprinting factor values ranging from 2.8 to 6.7. Utilizing MI-IC-COF@SnO2 as the sorbent, a solid-phase extraction method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (SPE-HPLC-UV) was developed and optimized. The proposed method demonstrated good linear range with determination coefficients of 0.998-0.999, and low limit of detection (0.18-1.35 µg L-1). Recoveries of NSAIDs in urine and river water samples were 78.1 %-106.1 %, with relative standard deviations lower than 12.5 %. This rapid and sensitive method enables the determination of NSAIDs at trace levels in complex matrices, providing reliable and reproducible results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Weixia
- College of Quality and Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Jiang Lei
- Zhejiang Light Industrial Products Inspection and Research Institute, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lou Chaoyan
- College of Quality and Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lei Jiacheng
- College of Quality and Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Pan Shaojie
- College of Quality and Standardization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Gan Yaping
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational & Technical College, Hangzhou 310018, China
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3
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S S, Rajamohan N, S S, R A, M R. Sustainable remediation of pesticide pollutants using covalent organic framework - A review on material properties, synthesis methods and application. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118018. [PMID: 38199472 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COF) have emerged as a potential class of materials for a variety of applications in a wide number of sectors including power storage, environmental services, and biological applications due to their ordered and controllable porosity, large surface area, customizable structure, remarkable stability, and diverse electrical characteristics. COF have received a lot of attention in recent years in the field of environmental remediation, It also find its way to eliminate the emerging pollutant from the environment notably pesticide from polluted water. This review more concentrated on the application of COF in pesticide removal by modifying COF structure, COF synthesis and material properties. To increase the adsorption ability and selectivity of the material towards certain pesticides removal, the synthesis of COF involves organic linkers with various functional groups such as amine, carboxylic acid groups etc. The COF have a high degree of stability and endurance make them suitable for intermittent usage in water treatment applications. This review manifests the novel progress where modified COFs employed in a prominent manner to remove pesticides from polluted water. Some examples of COF application in the eradication of pesticides are triformyl phenylene framework functionalized with amine groups has capacity to remove up to 50 mg/l of Organophosphorus - chlorpyrifos. COF modified to improve their photocatalytic capacity to breakdown the pesticide under visible light irradiation. COF tetraphenyl ethylene linked with carboxylic acid group shows efficient photocatalytic degradation of 90% of organochlorine insecticide endosulfan when subjected to visible light. Atrazine and imidacloprid are reduced from 100 ppm to 1 ppm in aqueous solutions by COF based on high adsorption capacity. In addition, the strategies, technique, synthesis and functional group modification design of COF are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujatha S
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St.Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India.
| | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman
| | - Sanjay S
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St.Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India
| | - Abhishek R
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St.Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India
| | - Rajasimman M
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, India
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Gonsalves OS, Nemade PR. Ultrafast adsorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous effluents using covalent triazine frameworks. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 351:141246. [PMID: 38253090 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We have synthesized low-cost high performance covalent triazine framework (CTF) through Schiff base reaction of melamine and terephthalaldehyde with different proportions of the reactants. The synthesized adsorbents showed excellent capacity for adsorption of Cr (VI) at acidic pH while almost negligible adsorption at higher pH. The adsorbent displays excellent reusability, with a little decrease in adsorption capacity with the increasing number of cycles. Moreover, Cr (VI) the adsorption is unaffected by the presence of 50-500 times higher concentration of alkali metal and halide ions in solution, while sulphate ions demonstrate shielding behavior decreasing the adsorption capacity. Mechanistic studies indicate electrostatic attractions, ion exchange and reduction being responsible for the adsorption mediated by abundant nitrogen sites that also imbibes the adsorbent with high capacity. The adsorbent was also utilized to recover chromium from an industrial electroplating effluent, which demonstrates applicability of material for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olviya S Gonsalves
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India
| | - Parag R Nemade
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, 400 019, India; Institute of Chemical Technology, Marathwada Campus, Jalna, 431 203, India.
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Wu G, Zhao R, Li X. Response to "Comment on Magnetic tubular nickel@silica-graphene nanocomposites with high preconcentration capacity for organothiophosphate pesticide removal in environmental water: Fabrication, magnetic solid-phase extraction, and trace detection" [J. Hazard. Mater. 457 (2023) 131788]. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132926. [PMID: 37989643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Ruirui Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiangzi Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
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Yan W, Zhang J, Wang C, Xia Y. An urchin-shaped covalent organic framework with rich nitrogen for efficient removal of neonicotinoid insecticides in honey and fruits. Food Chem 2023; 429:136872. [PMID: 37473630 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are widely used because of their high efficiency, low dosage and long duration. However, the residues of NEOs could cause the collapse of bee population and even threaten human health. Herein, an urchin-shaped covalent organic framework with rich nitrogen (U-COF) was synthesized with 2,4,6-tri(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TZT) and 2,5-divinyl-1,4-benzaldehyde (DVA) by adjusting the catalyst (acetic acid) concentration for adsorptive removal of NEOs. This U-COF with hierarchical structure showed good adsorption capacities for imidacloprid, acetamiprid and thiamethoxam at 217.2, 177.2 and 147.5 mg/g, respectively. The nitrogen-rich structure and abundant π electron system of U-COF also improved the adsorption capacity for NEOs. π-π interaction, hydrophobic interaction, and hydrogen bonding between adsorbent and target are the main reasons for the good adsorption effect. After five adsorption-desorption cycles, U-COF still shows good adsorption capacity. What is more important is that the high adsorption capacity of NEOs from honey and fruits was achieved by using U-COF, illustrating the great potential as sorbents for real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Yan
- Research Centre for Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Research Centre for Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Research Centre for Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Research Centre for Analytical Science, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Central Laboratory, Nankai University, 300071, China.
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Zango ZU, Binzowaimil AM, Aldaghri OA, Eisa MH, Garba A, Ahmed NM, Lim JW, Ng HS, Daud H, Jumbri K, Khoo KS, Ibnaouf KH. Applications of covalent organic frameworks for the elimination of dyes from wastewater: A state-of-the-arts review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140223. [PMID: 37734509 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are class of porous coordination polymers made up of organic building blocks joined together by covalent bonding through thermodynamic and controlled reversible polymerization reactions. This review discussed versatile applications of COFs for remediation of wastewater containing dyes, emphasizing the advantages of both pristine and modified materials in adsorption, membrane separation, and advanced oxidations processes. The excellent performance of COFs towards adsorption and membrane filtration has been centered to their higher crystallinity and porosity, exhibiting exceptionally high surface area, pore size and pore volumes. Thus, they provide more active sites for trapping the dye molecules. On one hand, the photocatalytic performance of the COFs was attributed to their semiconducting properties, and when coupled with other functional semiconducting materials, they achieve good mechanical and thermal stabilities, positive light response, and narrow band gap, a typical characteristic of excellent photocatalysts. As such, COFs and their composites have demonstrated excellent potentialities for the elimination of the dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakariyya Uba Zango
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria; Institute of Semi-Arid Zone Studies, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria.
| | - Ayed M Binzowaimil
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osamah A Aldaghri
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hassan Eisa
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurrahman Garba
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Applied Science, Al-Qalam University Katsina, 2137, Katsina, Nigeria
| | - Naser M Ahmed
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia; Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 602105, Chennai, India
| | - Hui-Suan Ng
- Centre for Research and Graduate Studies, University of Cyberjaya, Persiaran Bestari, 63000, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hanita Daud
- Mathematical and Statistical Science, Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Institute of Autonomous System, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Khairulazhar Jumbri
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Institute of Contaminant Management, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf
- Physics Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 13318, Saudi Arabia.
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Paz R, Viltres H, Gupta NK, Phung V, Srinivasan S, Rajabzadeh AR, Leyva C. Covalent organic frameworks as highly versatile materials for the removal and electrochemical sensing of organic pollutants. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140145. [PMID: 37714485 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
The presence of persistent organic compounds in water has become a worldwide issue due to its resistance to natural degradation, inducing its environmental resilience. Therefore, the accumulation in water bodies, soils, and humans produces toxic effects. Also, low levels of organic pollutants can lead to serious human health issues, such as cancer, chronic diseases, thyroid complications, immune system suppression, etc. Therefore, developing efficient and economically viable remediation strategies motivates researchers to delve into novel domains within material science. Moreover, finding approaches to detect pollutants in drinking water systems is vital for safeguarding water safety and security. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are valuable materials constructed through strong covalent interactions between blocked monomers. These materials have tremendous potential in removing and detecting persistent organic pollutants due to their high adsorption capacity, large surface area, tunable porosity, porous structure, and recyclability. This review discusses various synthesis routes for constructing non-functionalized and functionalized COFs and their application in the remediation and electrochemical sensing of persistent organic compounds from contaminated water sources. The development of COF-based materials has some major challenges that need to be addressed for their suitability in the industrial configuration. This review also aims to highlight the importance of COFs in the environmental remediation application with detailed scrutiny of their challenges and outcomes in the current research scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana Paz
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, LNAgua, 11500, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Herlys Viltres
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Nishesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Environmental Research, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, South Korea
| | - Vivian Phung
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Seshasai Srinivasan
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Amin Reza Rajabzadeh
- School of Engineering Practice and Technology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street, West Hamilton, Ontario, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Carolina Leyva
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, LNAgua, 11500, CDMX, Mexico.
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Wu G, Zhang C, Liu C, Li X, Cai Y, Wang M, Chu D, Liu L, Meng T, Chen Z. Magnetic tubular nickel@silica-graphene nanocomposites with high preconcentration capacity for organothiophosphate pesticide removal in environmental water: Fabrication, magnetic solid-phase extraction, and trace detection. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 457:131788. [PMID: 37302192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organothiophosphate pesticides (OPPs) are the most common water contaminants, significantly endangering human health and bringing serious public safety issues. Thus, developing effective technologies for the removal or trace detection of OPPs from water is urgent. Herein, a novel graphene-based silica-coated core-shell tubular magnetic nanocomposite (Ni@SiO2-G) was fabricated for the first time and used for the efficient magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of the OPPs chlorpyrifos, diazinon, and fenitrothion from environmental water. The experimental factors affecting extraction efficiency such as adsorbent dosage, extraction time, desorption solvent, desorption mode, desorption time, and adsorbent type were evaluated. The synthesized Ni@SiO2-G nanocomposites showed a higher preconcentration capacity than the Ni nanotubes, Ni@SiO2 nanotubes, and graphene. Under the optimized conditions, 5 mg of tubular nano-adsorbent displayed good linearity within the range of 0.1-1 μg·mL-1, low limits of detection (0.04-0.25 pg·mL-1), low limits of quantification (0.132-0.834 pg·mL-1), good reusability (n = 5; relative standard deviations between 1.46% and 9.65%), low dosage (5 mg), and low real detection concentration (< 3.0 ng·mL-1). Moreover, the possible interaction mechanism was investigated by density functional theory calculation. Results showed that Ni@SiO2-G was a potential magnetic material for the preconcentration and extraction of formed OPPs at ultra-trace levels from environmental water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chuanqi Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiangzi Li
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Cai
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Deqiang Chu
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Liyun Liu
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Criminal Police Detachment Material Evidence Identification Center, Wuhu Municipal Public Security Bureau, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Zhiming Chen
- College of Biochemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
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