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Li H, Zhou B, Xu X, Huo R, Zhou T, Dong X, Ye C, Li T, Xie L, Pang W. The insightful water quality analysis and predictive model establishment via machine learning in dual-source drinking water distribution system. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 250:118474. [PMID: 38368920 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Dual-source drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) over single-source water supply systems are becoming more practical in providing water for megacities. However, the more complex water supply problems are also generated, especially at the hydraulic junction. Herein, we have sampled for a one-year and analyzed the water quality at the hydraulic junction of a dual-source DWDS. The results show that visible changes in drinking water quality, including turbidity, pH, UV254, DOC, residual chlorine, and trihalomethanes (TMHs), are observed at the sample point between 10 and 12 km to one drinking water plant. The average concentration of residual chlorine decreases from 0.74 ± 0.05 mg/L to 0.31 ± 0.11 mg/L during the water supplied from 0 to 10 km and then increases to 0.75 ± 0.05 mg/L at the end of 22 km. Whereas the THMs shows an opposite trend, the concentration reaches to a peak level at hydraulic junction area (10-12 km). According to parallel factor (PARAFAC) and high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) analysis, organic matters vary significantly during water distribution, and tryptophan-like substances and amino acids are closely related to the level of THMs. The hydraulic junction area is confirmed to be located at 10-12 km based on the water quality variation. Furthermore, data-driven models are established by machine learning (ML) with test R2 higher than 0.8 for THMs prediction. And the SHAP analysis explains the model results and identifies the positive (water temperature and water supply distance) and negative (residual chlorine and pH) key factors influencing the THMs formation. This study conducts a deep understanding of water quality at the hydraulic junction areas and establishes predictive models for THMs formation in dual-sources DWDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Baiqin Zhou
- Gansu Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Lanzhou, 730030, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Suzhou Industrial Park Qingyuan Hong Kong & China Water Co. Ltd., Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Ranran Huo
- Suzhou Industrial Park Qingyuan Hong Kong & China Water Co. Ltd., Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Suzhou Industrial Park Qingyuan Hong Kong & China Water Co. Ltd., Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Suzhou Industrial Park Qingyuan Hong Kong & China Water Co. Ltd., Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tian Li
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Li Xie
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Weihai Pang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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2
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Sakas J, Kitson E, Bell NGA, Uhrín D. MS and NMR Analysis of Isotopically Labeled Chloramination Disinfection Byproducts: Hyperlinks and Chemical Reactions. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8263-8272. [PMID: 38722573 PMCID: PMC11140672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
FT-ICR MS and NMR analysis of an isotopically labeled complex mixture of water disinfection byproducts formed by chloramine disinfection of model phenolic acids is described. A new molecular formula assignment procedure using the CoreMS Python library able to assign isotopically enriched formulas is proposed. Statistical analysis of the assigned formulas showed that the number of compounds, the diversity of the mixture, and the chlorine count increase during the chloramination reaction. The complex reaction mixture was investigated as a network of reactions using PageRank and Reverse PageRank algorithms. Independent of the MS signal intensities, the PageRank algorithm calculates the formulas with the highest probability at convergence of the reaction; these were chlorinated and nitrated derivatives of the starting materials. The Reverse PageRank revealed that the most probable chemical transformations in the complex mixture were chlorination and decarboxylation. These agree with the data obtained from INADEQUATE NMR spectra and literature data, indicating that this approach could be applied to gain insight into reactions pathways taking place in complex mixtures without any prior knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Sakas
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Ezra Kitson
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Nicholle G. A. Bell
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- EaStCHEM School
of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K.
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3
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Dong B, Huang H, Wang C, Zhang X, Gao C, Su N, Shi D, Ren J. Analysis of the seasonal water quality variation at the hydraulic junction of a dual-source water distribution system. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17832-17842. [PMID: 38836169 PMCID: PMC11148534 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra01878h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of a dual-source water supply system offers an increased level of reliability in water provision; however, intricate hydraulic dynamics introduce apprehensions regarding water safety at the hydraulic junction. In this study, we gathered data of the water quality at the hydraulic junction of a dual-source water supply system (plant A and plant B, sampling site A10 was near plant A, and sampling site A12 was near plant B) for one year in Suzhou Industrial Park. Our findings indicated that seasonal variations and water temperature exerted significant influence on the composition and formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Notably, during the warmer months spanning from June to September, the concentration of trihalomethanes was the highest at the hydraulic junction, whereas the concentration of residual chloride was the lowest. The analysis on DBPs revealed that more Br-containing precursors in water in plant A resulted in the accumulation of more Br-containing DBPs at A10, whereas the highest concentration of Cl-containing DBPs accumulated at A12. The analysis of the dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition indicated an increase in concentration at A10 and A12 compared with that in plant A and plant B. The highest concentration of humic acids was observed at A10, whereas A12 accumulated the highest concentration of aromatic proteins and microbial metabolites. Owing to the fluctuations in water consumption patterns at the hydraulic junction, the water quality was susceptible to variability, thereby posing an elevated risk. Consequently, extensive efforts are warranted to ensure the maintenance of water safety and quality at this critical interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Dong
- Gansu Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Lanzhou 730030 China
| | - Hui Huang
- Gansu Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Lanzhou 730030 China
| | - Chengyan Wang
- Gansu Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Lanzhou 730030 China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- Gansu Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Lanzhou 730030 China
| | - Chenyu Gao
- Gansu Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Lanzhou 730030 China
| | - Nan Su
- Gansu Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Lanzhou 730030 China
| | - Dayong Shi
- Gansu Academy of Eco-Environmental Sciences Lanzhou 730030 China
| | - Jie Ren
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China
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4
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Zhang H, He Y, Liao X, Tang X, Li Q, Zou J, Jiang Z, Zhuang M, Yang Z. Feasibility of NDEA formation control from DEDTC in chlorination/chloramination by pre-ozonation: Mechanisms and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169054. [PMID: 38052386 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), which is the most toxic nitrosamine among the 9 detected species, has been widely detected in drinking water. Amines containing diethylamine (DEA) groups in the structure would generate NDEA during the disinfection processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of reducing NDEA formation from a commonly used dithiocarbamate pesticide sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) in subsequent chlorination and chloramination by pre-ozonation. The results demonstrated that NDEA could be generated directly during ozonation, its amounts increased from 0 to 14.34 μg/L with increasing ozone dosages (0-4 mg/L), which was higher than that chlorination (2.68 μg/L) and chloramination (4.91 μg/L) when the initial concentration of DEDTC was 20 μM. Pre-ozonation significantly raised NDEA formation from 2.68 to15.32 μg/L in subsequent chlorination; and that from 4.91 to 9.54 μg/L during subsequent chloramination processes. The addition of •OH scavenger tert-butanol (tBA) increased the production of NDEA from 8.14 to 20.80 μg/L during ozonation, and that from 6.76 to17.98 μg/L in O3/HClO process, 8.74 to 17.33 μg/L in O3/NH2Cl process. Except for NO3- and CO32-, most of the co-existing substances promoted NDEA generation from DEDTC under disinfection conditions. Based on the results of Gaussian theory calculations, GC/MS and UPLC-Q-TOFMS analysis, the influencing mechanisms of pre-ozonation on NDEA generation in the subsequent disinfection process were proposed. In addition, not only acute/chronic toxicity calculation but also luminescent bacteria test was performed to assess the possibility of pre-ozonation on the risk control of DEDTC. The research results fill a gap in the control of NDEA pollution and help to develop a safer ozone oxidation technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Zhang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yueyun He
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiaobin Liao
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Xueping Tang
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zhibing Jiang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Mazhan Zhuang
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Zhimin Yang
- Institute of analysis center, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
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Sun Z, Chen Z, Chung Lan Mow MC, Liao X, Wei X, Ma G, Wang X, Yu H. Chloramine Disinfection of Levofloxacin and Sulfaphenazole: Unraveling Novel Disinfection Byproducts and Elucidating Formation Mechanisms for an Enhanced Understanding of Water Treatment. Molecules 2024; 29:396. [PMID: 38257310 PMCID: PMC10820186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The unrestricted utilization of antibiotics poses a critical challenge to global public health and safety. Levofloxacin (LEV) and sulfaphenazole (SPN), widely employed broad-spectrum antimicrobials, are frequently detected at the terminal stage of water treatment, raising concerns regarding their potential conversion into detrimental disinfection byproducts (DBPs). However, current knowledge is deficient in identifying the potential DBPs and elucidating the precise transformation pathways and influencing factors during the chloramine disinfection process of these two antibiotics. This study conducts a comprehensive analysis of reaction pathways, encompassing piperazine ring opening/oxidation, Cl-substitution, OH-substitution, desulfurization, and S-N bond cleavage, during chloramine disinfection. Twelve new DBPs were identified in this study, exhibiting stability and persistence even after 24 h of disinfection. Additionally, an examination of DBP generation under varying disinfectant concentrations and pH values revealed peak levels at a molar ratio of 25 for LEV and SPN to chloramine, with LEV contributing 11.5% and SPN 23.8% to the relative abundance of DBPs. Remarkably, this research underscores a substantial increase in DBP formation within the molar ratio range of 1:1 to 1:10 compared to 1:10 to 1:25. Furthermore, a pronounced elevation in DBP generation was observed in the pH range of 7 to 8. These findings present critical insights into the impact of the disinfection process on these antibiotics, emphasizing the innovation and significance of this research in assessing associated health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoxuan Wei
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, Jinhua 321004, China; (Z.S.); (M.C.C.L.M.)
| | | | | | - Haiying Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Yingbin Avenue 688, Jinhua 321004, China; (Z.S.); (M.C.C.L.M.)
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6
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Xia S, Liu M, Yu H, Zou D. Pressure-driven membrane filtration technology for terminal control of organic DBPs: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166751. [PMID: 37659548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection by-products (DBPs), a series of undesired secondary contaminants formed during the disinfection processes, deteriorate water quality, threaten human health and endanger ecological safety. Membrane-filtration technologies are commonly used in the advanced water treatment and have shown a promising performance for removing trace contaminants. In order to gain a clearer understanding of the behavior of DBPs in membrane-filtration processes, this work dedicated to: (1) comprehensively reviewed the retention efficiency of microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) for DBPs. (2) summarized the mechanisms involved size exclusion, electrostatic repulsion and adsorption in the membrane retention of DBPs. (3) In conjunction with principal component analysis, discussed the influence of various factors (such as the characteristics of membrane and DBPs, feed solution composition and operating conditions) on the removal efficiency. In general, the characteristics of the membranes (salt rejection, molecular weight cut-off, zeta potential, etc.) and DBPs (molecular size, electrical property, hydrophobicity, polarity, etc.) fundamentally determine the membrane-filtration performance on retaining DBPs, and the actual operating environmental factors (such as solute concentration, coexisting ions/NOMs, pH and transmembrane pressure) exert a positive/negative impact on performance to some extent. Current researches indicate that NF and RO can be effective in removing DBPs, and looking forward, we recommend that multiple factors should be taken into account that optimize the existed membrane-filtration technologies, rationalize the selection of membrane products, and develop novel membrane materials targeting the removal of DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Xia
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Meijun Liu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Liaoning University of Technology, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, PR China
| | - Donglei Zou
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, 2519 Jiefang Road, Changchun 130021, PR China.
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7
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Xue B, Guo X, Cao J, Yang S, Qiu Z, Wang J, Shen Z. The occurrence, ecological risk, and control of disinfection by-products from intensified wastewater disinfection during the COVID-19 pandemic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165602. [PMID: 37478942 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased disinfection of wastewater to preserve its microbiological quality during the coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have inevitably led to increased production of toxic disinfection by-products (DBPs). However, there is limited information on such DBPs (i.e., trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, nitrosamines, and haloacetonitriles). This review focused on the upsurge of chlorine-based disinfectants (such as chlorine, chloramine and chlorine dioxide) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in the global response to COVID-19. The formation and distribution of DBPs in wastewater were then analyzed to understand the impacts of these large-scale usage of disinfectants in WWTPs. In addition, potential ecological risks associated with DBPs derived from wastewater disinfection and its receiving water bodies were summarized. Finally, various approaches for mitigating DBP levels in wastewater and suggestions for further research into the environmental risks of increased wastewater disinfection were provided. Overall, this study presented a comprehensive overview of the formation, distribution, potential ecological risks, and mitigating approaches of DBPs derived from wastewater disinfection that will facilitate appropriate wastewater disinfection techniques selection, potential ecological risk assessment, and removal approaches and regulations consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xue
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Xuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Academy of Military Science, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Jinrui Cao
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Shuran Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zhigang Qiu
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Tianjin Institute of Environmental and Operational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Risk Assessment and Control for Environment and Food Safety, Tianjin, 300050, China.
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8
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Li X, Liu S, Wang S, Feng L, Gao P, Liu Y, Zhang L. Removal performance of dissolved organic matter from municipal secondary effluent by different advanced treatment processes and preventing the formation of disinfection by-products. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:109738-109750. [PMID: 37776432 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30028-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Various advanced treatment processes including ultrafiltration (UF), ozonation, enhanced coagulation, and biological aerated filter (BAF) have been applied to reduce dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plants (MWTPs). In this study, DOM were characterized and the relationship between DOM characteristics and disinfection by-products (DBPs) generation was investigated systematically. Results showed that BAF and ozonation processes could significantly affect DOM characteristics in the treated effluents and the following DBP generation. UF and enhanced coagulation reduced the production of DBPs by removing large molecular hydrophobic organics. The removal of low molecule DOM by BAF resulted in a 67.6% reduction in trihalomethanes (THMs) production. Ozonation could oxidize large hydrophobic DOM into small hydrophilic molecules containing aldehyde and ketone groups, leading to 54% increase of halogenated aldehydes (HALs) and halogenated ketones (HKs). Humic acid (HA) was the main organic type in DOM and important precursor for THMs and dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formation. The generation of trichloromethane (TCM) showed a significant positive correlation (R2 = 0.987) with the specific ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA). Large molecule hydrophobic DOM devoted the most to the formation of carbonaceous disinfection by-products and [Formula: see text]-N content was an important factor affecting the generation of nitrogenous disinfection by-products. These results are important for the optimization of advanced treatment process in MWTPs, and controlling DBPs should consider the removal of low MW hydrophobic DOM and the reduction of SUVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yongze Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Liqiu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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9
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Han C, Du S, Zhang W, Zhang D, Wen Z, Chai J, Zhao K, Sun S. Exploration of optimal disinfection model based on groundwater risk assessment in disinfection process. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 261:115107. [PMID: 37290298 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Under the influence of different types of disinfectants and disinfection environments, the removal level of pathogens and the formation potential of disinfection by-products (DBPs) will have a dual impact on the groundwater environment. The key points for sustainable groundwater safety management are how to balance the positive and negative relationship and formulate a scientific disinfection model in combination with risk assessment. In this study, the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) and peracetic acid (PAA) concentrations on pathogenic E. coli and DBPs were investigated using static-batch and dynamic-column experiments, as well as the optimal disinfection model for groundwater risk assessment was explored using quantitative microbial risk assessment and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) models. Compared to static disinfection, deposition and adsorption were the dominant factors causing E. coli migration at lower NaClO levels of 0-0.25 mg/L under dynamic state, while disinfection was its migration factor at higher NaClO levels of 0.5-6.5 mg/L. In contrast, E. coli removed by PAA was the result of the combined action of deposition, adsorption, and disinfection. The disinfection effects of NaClO and PAA on E. coli differed under dynamic and static conditions. At the same NaClO level, the health risk associated with E. coli in groundwater was higher, whereas, under the same PAA conditions, the health risk was lower. Under dynamic conditions, the optimal disinfectant dosage required for NaClO and PAA to reach the same acceptable risk level was 2 and 0.85 times (irrigation) or 0.92 times (drinking) of static disinfection, respectively. The results may help prevent the misuse of disinfectants and provide theoretical support for managing twin health risks posed by pathogens and DBPs in water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Han
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Shanghai Du
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Dayi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zong Wen
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Juanfen Chai
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Kaichao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment (Jilin University), Ministry of Education, Changchun 130021, China; College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Simiao Sun
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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10
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Liu T, Liao X, Lin X, Yu J, Qi H, Jiang Z, Zou J, Li Q. Influencing pathways and toxicity changes of pre-ozonation on carcinogenic NDEA formation from greenhouse gas adsorbent DEAPA in subsequent disinfection processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162355. [PMID: 36822419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the feasibility of controlling carcinogenic nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) formation from greenhouse gas adsorbent 3-diethylaminopropylamine (DEAPA) by pre-O3 in subsequent chlorination/chloramination processes. The result indicated that the NDEA yields (0.4 %) during chlorination was 1.3 times of that during chloramination (0.3 %); pre-oxidation with 4 mg/L O3 significantly cut down its formation; the reduction rates were up to 67.5 and 48.5 %, respectively. OH scavenger greatly augmented the final NDEA amount from 1.86 to 5.05 μg/L during ozonation, while its roles on subsequent processes differed with disinfection methods as well as O3(g) dosages. Most of co-existed substances inhibited NDEA generation, except NO2-, CO32- and SO42-, which slightly promoted during ozonation. Basing on Gaussian calculation, GC/MS and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, the influencing mechanisms of pre-O3 on NDEA formation in subsequent disinfection processes were proposed. In addition, the calculated toxicity analysis as well as the whole toxicity was applied to evaluate the possibility of pre-O3 on risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Liu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Xiaobin Liao
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China.
| | - Xinna Lin
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Huan Qi
- College of Textiles and Appearl, Quanzhou Normal University, Fujian 362002, China
| | - Zhibin Jiang
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jing Zou
- Institute of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- Water Resources and Environmental Institute, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
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11
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Qiao FX, Sun MX, Xu ZR, Liu YC, Chen YZ, Wang HL, Qi ZQ, Xu CL, Liu Y. Chloroacetonitrile exposure induces endoplasmic reticulum stress and affects spindle assembly in mouse oocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 176:113736. [PMID: 36940772 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a halogenated acetonitrile often produced while disinfecting drinking water. Previous studies have shown that maternal exposure to CAN interferes with fetal development; however, the adverse effects on maternal oocytes remain unknown. In this study, in vitro exposure of mouse oocytes to CAN reduced maturation significantly. Transcriptomics analysis showed that CAN altered the expression of multiple oocyte genes, especially those associated with the protein folding process. CAN exposure induced reactive oxygen species production, accompanied by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and increased glucose regulated protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein and activating transcription factor 6 expression. Moreover, our results indicated that spindle morphology was impaired after CAN exposure. CAN disrupted polo-like kinase 1, pericentrin and p-Aurora A distribution, which may be an origin inducer that disrupts spindle assemble. Furthermore, exposure to CAN in vivo impaired follicular development. Taken together, our findings indicate that CAN exposure induces ER stress and affects spindle assembly in mouse oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Xin Qiao
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Ming-Xin Sun
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Zhi-Ran Xu
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530011, China
| | - Yue-Cen Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Yan-Zhu Chen
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhong-Quan Qi
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Chang-Long Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center of Nanning Second People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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12
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Wang J, Zhang M, Hu S, Xian Q, Chen H, Gong T. Occurrence and Cytotoxicity of Aliphatic and Aromatic Halogenated Disinfection Byproducts in Indoor Swimming Pool Water and Their Incoming Tap Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:17763-17775. [PMID: 36475631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in swimming pool water are of wide concern for public health. In this study, the occurrence of five categories of aliphatic halogenated DBPs, i.e., trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), haloacetonitriles (HANs), halonitromethanes (HNMs), and haloketones (HKs), and six categories of aromatic halogenated DBPs, i.e., halophenols (HPs), halonitrophenols (HNPs), halohydroxy-benzaldehydes (HBALs), halohydroxybenzoic acids (HBAs), halobenzoquinones (HBQs), and haloanilines (HAs), was examined in seven indoor swimming pool water and their incoming tap water. The correlations between the DBP concentrations and water quality parameters were explored. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of the aliphatic and aromatic halogenated DBPs was tested with human hepatoma (HepG2) cells, and the concentration-cytotoxicity contributions of different DBP categories were calculated. The results demonstrate that 24 aliphatic (5 THMs, 8 HAAs, 5 HANs, 4 HNMs, and 2 HKs) and 50 aromatic halogenated DBPs (9 HPs, 8 HNPs, 9 HBALs, 8 HBAs, 11 HBQs, and 5 HAs) were present in the swimming pool water, among which 41 aromatic halogenated DBPs were detected in swimming pool water for the first time. The average concentrations of the five categories of aliphatic halogenated DBPs in the swimming pool water were in the order of HAAs > HANs > HKs > THMs > HNMs, while those in their incoming tap water were in the order of THMs > HAAs > HKs > HANs > HNMs. The average concentrations of the aromatic halogenated DBPs in the swimming pool water were significantly lower than those of the aliphatic halogenated DBPs, following the order of HBQs > HPs > HBAs > HBALs > HAs > HNPs, while those in their incoming tap water were in the order of HBALs > HBQs > HPs > HBAs > HAs > HNPs. The average concentration-cytotoxicity contributions of different DBP categories in the swimming pool water followed the order of HAAs > HANs > HNMs > HKs > HBQs > THMs > HPs > HNPs > HBAs > HBALs > HAs, with HAAs, HANs, and HNMs possessing the main concentration-cytotoxicity contributions (93.2% in total) among all DBP categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
| | - Meiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Shaoyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Qiming Xian
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing210023, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing210096, China
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