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Yang TN, Wang YX, Jian PA, Ma XY, Zhu SY, Li XN, Li JL. Exogenous Melatonin Alleviates Atrazine-Induced Glucose Metabolism Disorders in Mice Liver via Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:742-751. [PMID: 38111124 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is a widely used herbicide that has toxic effects on animals. Melatonin (MLT) is a natural hormone with strong antioxidant properties. However, the effect of MLT on the glucose metabolism disorder caused by ATZ is still unclear. Mice were divided into four groups randomly and given 21 days of gavage: blank control group (Con), 5 mg/kg MLT group (MLT), 170 mg/kg ATZ group (ATZ), and 170 mg/kg ATZ and 5 mg/kg MLT group (ATZ + MLT). The results show that ATZ alters mRNA levels of metabolic enzymes related to glycogen synthesis and glycolysis and increased metabolites (glycogen, lactate, and pyruvate). ATZ causes abnormalities in glucose metabolism in mouse liver, interfering with glycemia regulation ability. MLT can regulate the endoplasmic reticulum to respond to disordered glucose metabolism in mice liver. This study suggested that MLT has the power to alleviate the ATZ-induced glycogen overdeposition and glycolytic deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ning Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Ping-An Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yu Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Yong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Zhang D, Li H, Liu Z, Yang Y, Li J, Tang L, Tao J, Liu H, Shen M. Melatonin-Mediated Suppression of mtROS-JNK-FOXO1 Pathway Alleviates Hypoxia-Induced Apoptosis in Porcine Granulosa Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1881. [PMID: 37891959 PMCID: PMC10604184 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have established that the hypoxic conditions within ovarian follicles induce apoptosis in granulosa cells (GCs), a pivotal hallmark of follicular atresia. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, MT), a versatile antioxidant naturally present in follicular fluid, acts as a safeguard for maintaining GCs' survival during stress exposure. In this study, we unveil an innovative protective mechanism of melatonin against hypoxia-triggered GC apoptosis by selectively inhibiting mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) generation. Specifically, under hypoxic conditions, a gradual accumulation of mitochondrial ROS occurred, consequently activating the JNK-FOXO1 pathway, and driving GCs toward apoptosis. The blocking of JNK or FOXO1 diminished hypoxia-induced GC apoptosis, but this effect was nullified in the presence of GSH, indicating that mtROS instigates apoptosis through the JNK-FOXO1 pathway. Consistent with this, hypoxic GCs treated with melatonin exhibited decreased levels of mtROS, reduced JNK-FOXO1 activation, and mitigated apoptosis. However, the protective capabilities of melatonin were attenuated upon inhibiting its receptor MTNR1B, accompanied by the decreased expression of antioxidant genes. Notably, SOD2, a key mitochondrial antioxidant gene modulated by the melatonin-MTNR1B axis, effectively inhibited the activation of mtROS-JNK-FOXO1 and subsequent apoptosis, whereas SOD2 knockdown abrogated the protective role of melatonin in hypoxic GCs. In conclusion, our study elucidates that melatonin, through MTNR1B activation, fosters SOD2 expression, effectively quelling mtROS-JNK-FOXO1-mediated apoptosis in follicular GCs under hypoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Shen
- Department of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (X.Z.); (D.Z.); (H.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (L.T.); (J.T.); (H.L.)
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Li WH, Xiang ZTY, Lu AX, Wang SS, Yan CH. Manganese-induced apoptosis through the ROS-activated JNK/FOXO3a signaling pathway in CTX cells, a model of rat astrocytes. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115326. [PMID: 37556958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential trace element that maintains many normal physiological functions. However, multi-system disorders would occur once overexposure to Mn, especially neurotoxicity. Despite evidence demonstrating the critical role of ROS-activated JNK/FOXO3a signaling pathway in neuronal survival, the specific mechanisms by which it contributes to Mn-induced neurotoxicity are still unclear. The objectives of this study was to examine the modulation of the JNK/FOXO3a signaling pathway, which is activated by ROS, in Mn-induced apoptosis, using a rat brain astrocyte cell line (CTX cells). This study found that a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability of CTX cells was observed with 150, 200, 250, 300 μmol/L Mn. The results of apoptosis-related protein assay showed that Mn decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and enhanced the expression of apoptosis-related proteins like Bax and Cleaved-Caspase3. In addition, treatment with Mn resulted in elevated ROS levels and increased phosphorylation levels of JNK. Conversely, phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factors FOXO3a, which regulates expression of transcription factors including Bim and PUMA, was decreased. Depletion of ROS by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and inhibition of the JNK pathway by SP600125 prevented Mn-induced JNK/FOXO3a pathway activation and, more importantly, the level of apoptosis was also significantly reduced. Confirmation of Mn-induced apoptosis in CTX cells through ROS generation and activation of the JNK/FOXO3a signaling pathway was the outcome of this study. These findings offer fresh insights into the neurotoxic mechanisms of Mn and therapeutic targets following Mn exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-He Li
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Pubilc Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Ting-Yan Xiang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Pubilc Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - An-Xin Lu
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Su-Su Wang
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Pubilc Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chong-Huai Yan
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Pubilc Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Wei X, Huang G, Liu J, Ge J, Zhang W, Mei Z. An update on the role of Hippo signaling pathway in ischemia-associated central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114619. [PMID: 37004330 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most frequent reason of morbidity and mortality in the world, cerebral ischemia sets off a chain of molecular and cellular pathologies that associated with some central nervous system (CNS) disorders mainly including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy and other CNS diseases. In recent times, despite significant advancements in the treatment of the pathological processes underlying various neurological illnesses, effective therapeutic approaches that are specifically targeted to minimizing the damage of such diseases remain absent. Hippo signaling pathway, characterized by enzyme linked reactions between MSTI/2, LAST1/2, and YAP or TAZ proteins, controls cell division, survival, and differentiation, as well as being engaged in a variety of biological activities, such as the development and transformation of the nervous system. Recently, accumulating studies demonstrated that Hippo pathway takes part in the processes of ischemic stroke, AD, PD, etc., including but not limited to oxidative stress, inflammatory response, blood-brain barrier damage, mitochondrial disorders, and neural cells death. Thus, it's crucial to understand the molecular basis of the Hippo signaling pathway for determining potential new therapeutic targets against ischemia-associated CNS diseases. Here, we discuss latest advances in the deciphering of the Hippo signaling pathway and highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the pathway in treating ischemia-associated CNS diseases.
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Liu Z, Wang N, Meng Z, Lu S, Peng G. Pseudolaric acid B triggers cell apoptosis by activating AMPK/JNK/DRP1/mitochondrial fission pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Toxicology 2023:153556. [PMID: 37244295 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pseudolaric acid B (PAB), a natural product isolated from the root bark of Pseudolarix kaempferi, has been reported to exert inhibitory effects in various cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism through which PAB exert its anticancer effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). PAB inhibited the viability of and induced apoptosis in Hepa1-6 cells in a dose-dependent manner. It disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and impaired ATP production. Furthermore, PAB induced phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser616 and mitochondrial fission. Blocking DRP1 phosphorylation by Mdivi-1 inhibited mitochondrial fission and PAB-induced apoptosis. Moreover, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was activated by PAB, and blocking JNK activity using SP600125 inhibited PAB-induced mitochondrial fission and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, PAB activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibiting AMPK by compound C attenuated PAB-stimulated JNK activation and blocked DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Our in vivo data confirmed that PAB inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis in an HCC syngeneic mouse model by inducing the AMPK/JNK/DRP1/mitochondrial fission signaling pathway. Furthermore, a combination of PAB and sorafenib showed a synergistic effect in inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. Taken together, our findings highlight a potential therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 130061
| | - Nanya Wang
- The Cancer Center, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 130061
| | - Zhaoli Meng
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 130061
| | - Shiying Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Gong Peng
- Laboratory for Tumor Immunology, The First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China 130061.
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Xing F, Wang M, Ding Z, Zhang J, Ding S, Shi L, Xie Q, Ahmad MJ, Wei Z, Tang L, Liang D, Cao Y, Liu Y. Protective Effect and Mechanism of Melatonin on Cisplatin-Induced Ovarian Damage in Mice. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11247383. [PMID: 36555999 PMCID: PMC9784499 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11247383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutics' development has enhanced the survival rate of cancer patients; however, adverse effects of chemotherapeutics on ovarian functions cause fertility loss in female cancer patients. Cisplatin (CP), an important chemotherapeutic drug for treating solid tumors, has adversely affected ovarian function. Melatonin (MT) has been shown to have beneficial effects on ovarian function owing to its antioxidative function. In this research, an animal model was established to explore the effect of MT on CP-induced ovarian damage. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western blot were also used to explore its mechanism. This study reported that MT protects mouse ovaries from CP-induced damage. Specifically, MT significantly prevented CP-induced ovarian reserve decline by maintaining AMH and BMP15 levels. We also found that MT ameliorated CP-induced cell cycle disorders by up-regulating CDC2 expression, and inhibited CP-induced ovarian inflammation by decreasing IL-1β and IL-18 levels. Moreover, MT protected the ovary from CP-induced mitochondrial damage, as reflected by restoring mitochondria-related protein expression. Furthermore, CP caused ovarian apoptosis, as indicated by up-regulated BAX expression. MT was also shown to activate the MAPK pathway. Our results showed that MT could ameliorate ovarian damage induced by CP, implying that MT may be a viable alternative to preserve female fertility during CP chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xing
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Mengyao Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhiming Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Simin Ding
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Lingge Shi
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qinge Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Muhammad Jamil Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Zhaolian Wei
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (D.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Dan Liang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (D.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunxia Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (D.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yajing Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health and Genetics, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Biopreservation and Artificial Organs, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
- Correspondence: (L.T.); (D.L.); (Y.C.); (Y.L.)
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