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da Silva RMG, Lourenção A, Franciscatti Mecina G, Cordeiro-Araújo MK, Bittencourt-Oliveira MDC, Ahii Chia M, Granero FO, Malaguti Figueiredo CC, Pompermayer Machado L, Pereira Silva L. Physiological and toxicological response of Microcystis aeruginosa BCCUSP232 exposed to Salvinia auriculata extracts. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2024; 87:701-717. [PMID: 38865103 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2024.2366320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Microcystis aeruginosa is one of the most predominant freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacterium found globally which is capable of producing toxic secondary metabolites including microcystins that might intoxicate animals and humans when contaminated water or food is ingested. Salvinia auriculata Aubl is one of the plants that might possess bioactive compounds capable of controlling growth and reproduction of M. aeruginosa. The present study aimed to determine the presence of bioactive compounds in S. auriculata extracts and determine alterations occurred in growth and reproduction of M. aeruginosa when exposed to these plant extracts. In addition, this investigation aimed to examine the influence of S. auriculata on antioxidant enzymes detected in M. aeruginosa. The results obtained demonstrated that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of S. auriculata presented potential for control of cyanobacteria populations, exhibiting algicidal action on M. aeruginosa as well as interfering in antioxidant enzymes activities and parameters associated with oxidative stress. Phytochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids content in both extracts. In addition, application of S. auriculata extracts did not produce cytogenotoxicity and/or mutagenicity utilizing Allium cepa test. Therefore, further studies are needed in order to identify and characterize the compounds responsible for these effects on M. aeruginosa and provide information regarding the possible application of S. auriculata in the treatment of drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da Silva
- School of Sciences, Humanities and Languages, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Lourenção
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Micheline Kézia Cordeiro-Araújo
- Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, Department of Biological Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Filipe Oiveira Granero
- Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Levi Pompermayer Machado
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Fisheries Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Registro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pereira Silva
- Department of Nursery, Fundação Educacional do Município de Assis (FEMA), Assis, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Li J, Chang X, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Pu Q, Wang Y, Li J. Exudates of Microcystis aeruginosa on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in gills of Sinocyclocheilus grahami. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116587. [PMID: 38878336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Early cyanobacterial blooms studies observed that exposure to blue-green algae led to fish gills impairment. The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxic mechanisms of exudates of Microcystis aeruginosa (MaE) on fish gills. In this study, the toxic mechanism of MaE (2×106 cells/mL) and one of its main components phytosphingosine (PHS) with two concentrations 2.9 ng/mL and 145 ng/mL were conducted by integrating histopathology, biochemical biomarkers, and transcriptomics techniques in Sinocyclocheilus grahami (S. grahami) for 96 h exposure. Damaged gill tissue with epithelial hyperplasia and hypertrophy, remarkable Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) enzyme activity, disrupted the redox homeostats including lipid peroxidation and inflammatory responses were observed in the fish of MaE exposure group. Compare to MaE exposure, two concentrations of PHS exposure appeared to be a trend of lower degree of tissue damage, NKA activity and oxidative stress, but induced obviously lipid metabolism disorder with higher triglycerides, total cholesterol and total bile acid, which might be responsible for inflammation responses in fish gill. By transcriptome analysis, MaE exposure were primarily enriched in pathways related to gill function and immune response. PHS exposure, with higher number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), were enriched in Toll-like receptor (TLR), Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) pathways. We concluded that MaE and PHS were induced the inflammatory responses, with oxidative stress-induced inflammation for MaE exposure but lipid metabolism disorder-induced inflammation for PHS exposure. The present study provided two toxin-induced gill inflammation response pathways under cyanobacterial blooms, which could be a scientific basis for the ecological and health risk assessment in the aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Fish Breeding, Yunnan Engineering Research Center for Plateau-Lake Health and Restoration, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Qi Pu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-security, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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Zi J, Barker J, Zi Y, MacIsaac HJ, Zhou Y, Harshaw K, Chang X. Assessment of estrogenic potential from exudates of microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing Microcystis by metabolomics, machine learning and E-screen assay. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134170. [PMID: 38613957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial blooms, often dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa, are capable of producing estrogenic effects. It is important to identify specific estrogenic compounds produced by cyanobacteria, though this can prove challenging owing to the complexity of exudate mixtures. In this study, we used untargeted metabolomics to compare components of exudates from microcystin-producing and non-microcystin-producing M. aeruginosa strains that differed with respect to their ability to produce microcystins, and across two growth phases. We identified 416 chemicals and found that the two strains produced similar components, mainly organoheterocyclic compounds (20.2%), organic acids and derivatives (17.3%), phenylpropanoids and polyketides (12.7%), benzenoids (12.0%), lipids and lipid-like molecules (11.5%), and organic oxygen compounds (10.1%). We then predicted estrogenic compounds from this group using random forest machine learning. Six compounds (daidzin, biochanin A, phenylethylamine, rhein, o-Cresol, and arbutin) belonging to phenylpropanoids and polyketides (3), benzenoids (2), and organic oxygen compound (1) were tested and exhibited estrogenic potency based upon the E-screen assay. This study confirmed that both Microcystis strains produce exudates that contain compounds with estrogenic properties, a growing concern in cyanobacteria management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Zi
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Justin Barker
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada; Maps, Data, and Government Information Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Yuanyan Zi
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Hugh J MacIsaac
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- The Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Station of DEEY in Kunming, Kunming 650228, China; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Keira Harshaw
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada.
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4
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Hong Z, Chen X, Hu J, Chang X, Qian Y. Adverse effects of Microcystis aeruginosa exudates on the filtration, digestion, and reproduction organs of benthic bivalve Corbicula fluminea. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10934. [PMID: 38740841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria bloom and the secondary metabolites released by the microorganism are extremely harmful to aquatic animals, yet study on their adverse effects in zoobenthos is rare. Corbicula fluminea widely distributed in freshwater environment with algal blooms. It is a typical filter feeding zoobenthos that may be affected by the secondary metabolites of cyanobacteria due to its high filtering rate. In this study, C. fluminea was exposed to Microcystis aeruginosa exudates (MaE) for 96 h, which was obtained from 5 × 105 cells/mL and 2.5 × 106 cells/mL exponential stage M. aeruginosa culture solution that represented cyanobacteria cell density needs environmental risk precaution control and emergent control, respectively. The responses of C. fluminea critical organs to MaE were analyzed and evaluated based on histopathological sections, antitoxicity biomarkers, and organ function biomarkers. The results showed that all the organs underwent structural disorders, cell vacuolization, apoptosis, and necrosis, and the damage levels increased as MaE concentration increased. The detoxification and antioxidant defense systems biomarkers in each organ response to MaE exposure differently and the level of reaction improved when MaE concentration increased. The siphon rate and acetylcholinesterase activity showed that the filtration function decreased significantly as the MaE concentration increased. Increased activity of glutathione S-transferase and amylase in the digestive gland indicate that it is the major detoxification organ of C. fluminea. Increased vitellogenin concentration and enlarged oocytes in the gonad indicate that MaE may have an estrogenic effect on C. fluminea. This study demonstrates that cyanobacteria threat benthic bivalves by inducing oxidative stress, inhibiting filtering feeding system, and disturbing digestion system and reproduction potential of C. fluminea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Hong
- Yunan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Xinyun Chen
- Yunan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Junxiang Hu
- Yunan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, N9B 3P4, Canada
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, 650214, China
| | - Yu Qian
- Yunan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, Yunnan, China.
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Long W, Harshaw K, Wang Y, Xiang Q, Zi Y, Volkoff H, MacIsaac HJ, Xu R, Niu M, Xi Q, Chang X. A non-microcystin-producing Microcystis wesenbergii strain alters fish food intake by disturbing neuro-endocrine appetite regulation. HARMFUL ALGAE 2024; 135:102647. [PMID: 38830717 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2024.102647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) are pervasive sources of stress resulting in neurotoxicity in fish. A member of the widely distributed Microcystis genus of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Microcystis wesenbergii can be found in many freshwater lakes, including Dianchi Lake (China), where it has become one of the dominant contributors to the lake's recurrent blooms. However, unlike its more well-known counterpart M. aeruginosa, the effects of dense non-microcystin-containing M. wesenbergii blooms are seldom studied. The disturbance of appetite regulation and feeding behaviour can have downstream effects on the growth of teleost fish, posing a significant challenge to aquaculture and conservation efforts. Here we examined the effects of M. wesenbergii blooms on the food intake of Acrossocheilus yunnanensis, a native cyprinid in southern China. This fish species has disappeared in Dianchi Lake, and its reintroduction might be negatively affected by the presence of this newly-dominant Microcystis species. We co-cultured juvenile A. yunnanensis with a non-microcystin-producing strain of M. wesenbergii at initial densities between 5 × 104 and 1 × 106 cells/mL and monitored fish feeding behaviour and changes in neurotransmitter and hormone protein levels. High-density M. wesenbergii cultures increased the feeding rate of co-cultured fish, elevating concentrations of appetite-stimulating signalling molecules (Agouti-related protein and γ-aminobutyric acid), while decreasing inhibitory ones (POMC). These changes coincided with histopathological alterations and reduced somatic indices in brain and intestinal tissues. Given this potential for detrimental effects and dysregulation of food intake, further studies are necessary to determine the impacts of chronic exposure of M. wesenbergii in wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Long
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Keira Harshaw
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Fishery Technology Extension Station of Yunnan, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Qianqian Xiang
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Yuanyan Zi
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Helene Volkoff
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Hugh J MacIsaac
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada; School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Runbing Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Minmin Niu
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China
| | - Qiwen Xi
- Fishery Technology Extension Station of Yunnan, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Plateau Lake Ecology and Environmental Health, College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada.
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6
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Sukur N, Milošević N, Pogrmic-Majkic K, Stanic B, Andric N. Predicting chemicals' toxicity pathway of female reproductive disorders using AOP7 and deep neural networks. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114013. [PMID: 37683992 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Experimental evidence shows that certain chemicals, particularly endocrine disrupting chemicals, may negatively affect the female reproductive system, thereby lowering women's fertility. However, humans are constantly exposed to a number of different chemicals with limited or no experimental data regarding their effect and the mechanism of action in the female reproductive system. To predict chemical hazards to the female reproductive system, we used a previously defined adverse outcome pathway (AOP) that links activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ to the reproductive toxicity in adult females (AOP7) and the Convolutional Deep Neural Network models that produce meaningful predictions when trained on a significant amount of data. The models trained using CompTox assays with intended molecular and biological targets corresponding to AOP7 achieved high performance (over 90% validation accuracy). The integration of AOP7 and Deep Neural Network identified chemicals that could negatively affect female reproduction through the mechanism described in AOP7. We provide a solution to quickly analyze the data and produce machine learning models to identify potentially active chemicals in the female reproductive system. Although we focused on the female reproductive system, this approach could be valid for a number of other chemicals and AOPs if the right data exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataša Sukur
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 4, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia.
| | - Nemanja Milošević
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 4, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Kristina Pogrmic-Majkic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Bojana Stanic
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Andric
- University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 2, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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Zhou Y, Xu J, MacIsaac HJ, McKay RM, Xu R, Pei Y, Zi Y, Li J, Qian Y, Chang X. Comparative metabolomic analysis of exudates of microcystin-producing and microcystin-free Microcystis aeruginosa strains. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1075621. [PMID: 36741884 PMCID: PMC9894096 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1075621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cHABs) dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa threaten the ecological integrity and beneficial uses of lakes globally. In addition to producing hepatotoxic microcystins (MC), M. aeruginosa exudates (MaE) contain various compounds with demonstrated toxicity to aquatic biota. Previously, we found that the ecotoxicity of MaE differed between MC-producing and MC-free strains at exponential (E-phase) and stationary (S-phase) growth phases. However, the components in these exudates and their specific harmful effects were unclear. In this study, we performed untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal the constituents in MaE of a MC-producing and a MC-free strain at both E-phase and S-phase. A total of 409 metabolites were identified and quantified based on their relative abundance. These compounds included lipids, organoheterocyclic compounds, organic acid, benzenoids and organic oxygen compounds. Multivariate analysis revealed that strains and growth phases significantly influenced the metabolite profile. The MC-producing strain had greater total metabolites abundance than the MC-free strain at S-phase, whereas the MC-free strain released higher concentrations of benzenoids, lipids, organic oxygen, organic nitrogen and organoheterocyclic compounds than the MC-producing strain at E-phase. Total metabolites had higher abundance in S-phase than in E- phase in both strains. Analysis of differential metabolites (DMs) and pathways suggest that lipids metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were more tightly coupled to growth phases than to strains. Abundance of some toxic lipids and benzenoids DMs were significantly higher in the MC-free strain than the MC-producing one. This study builds on the understanding of MaE chemicals and their biotoxicity, and adds to evidence that non-MC-producing strains of cyanobacteria may also pose a threat to ecosystem health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Department of Ecology and Environment of Yunnan Province, Kunming Ecology and Environment Monitoring Station, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hugh J. MacIsaac
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Michael McKay
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Runbing Xu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Pei
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyan Zi
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xuexiu Chang
- Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming, China
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