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Guimond M, Grosbois G, Waldron K, Montoro Girona M. Windthrow in riparian buffers affects the water quality of freshwater ecosystems in the eastern Canadian boreal forest. Sci Rep 2024; 14:23027. [PMID: 39362924 PMCID: PMC11450092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74013-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the wide application of riparian buffers in the managed boreal forest, their long-term effectiveness as freshwater protection tools remains unknown. Here, we evaluate windthrow incidence in riparian buffers in the eastern Canadian boreal forest and determine the effect of windthrow on the water quality index of the adjacent freshwater ecosystems. We studied 40 sites-20 riparian buffers, aged 10 to 20 years after harvesting and 20 control sites within intact riparian environments-distributed among clay and sandy (esker) soils and black spruce (Picea mariana) and jack pine (Pinus banksiana) stands. We observed more windthrow in the harvested stands (36%) relative to the control sites (16%), regardless of substrate and species. We determined that the most important factors explaining windthrow were exposition, harvesting, aquatic environment size, and stand characteristics. These factors drive wind exposure, speed, and force, which determine post-harvest windthrow risk. Furthermore, windthrow negatively affected the water quality index of the adjacent aquatic systems, i.e., greater windthrow decreased the protective effect of the riparian buffer. We recommend increasing the use of partial harvest near riparian environments and adapting riparian buffers to site conditions to ensure the long-term protection of adjacent freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Guimond
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie de la MRC Abitibi (GREMA), Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 341 Rue Principale Nord, Amos, QC, J9T 2L8, Canada
- Center for Forest Research (CFR), Biology Sciences Building, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Président-Kennedy, Bureau SB-2987, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Campus MIL C.P. 6128, Stn. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Grosbois
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie de la MRC Abitibi (GREMA), Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 341 Rue Principale Nord, Amos, QC, J9T 2L8, Canada
- Interuniversity Research Group in Limnology (GRIL), Université de Montréal, Campus MIL C.P. 6128, Stn. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Kaysandra Waldron
- Center for Forest Research (CFR), Biology Sciences Building, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Président-Kennedy, Bureau SB-2987, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada
- Natural Resources Canada, 1055 du P.E.P.S, Stn. Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4C7, Canada
| | - Miguel Montoro Girona
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie de la MRC Abitibi (GREMA), Forest Research Institute, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue, 341 Rue Principale Nord, Amos, QC, J9T 2L8, Canada.
- Center for Forest Research (CFR), Biology Sciences Building, Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 Président-Kennedy, Bureau SB-2987, Montréal, QC, H2X 1Y4, Canada.
- Grupo de Análisis y Planificación del Medio Natural, Universidad de Huelva, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 21001, Huelva, Spain.
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Mayer M, Baltensweiler A, James J, Rigling A, Hagedorn F. A global synthesis and conceptualization of the magnitude and duration of soil carbon losses in response to forest disturbances. GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY : A JOURNAL OF MACROECOLOGY 2024; 33:141-150. [PMID: 38516344 PMCID: PMC10953364 DOI: 10.1111/geb.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Aim Forest disturbances are increasing around the globe due to changes in climate and management, deteriorating forests' carbon sink strength. Estimates of global forest carbon budgets account for losses of plant biomass but often neglect the effects of disturbances on soil organic carbon (SOC). Here, we aimed to quantify and conceptualize SOC losses in response to different disturbance agents on a global scale. Location Global. Time Period 1983-2022. Major Taxa Studied Forest soils. Methods We conducted a comprehensive global analysis of the effects of harvesting, wildfires, windstorms and insect infestations on forest SOC stocks in the surface organic layer and top mineral soil, synthesizing 927 paired observations from 151 existing field studies worldwide. We further used global mapping to assess potential SOC losses upon disturbance. Results We found that both natural and anthropogenic forest disturbances can cause large SOC losses up to 60 Mg ha-1. On average, the largest SOC losses were found after wildfires, followed by disturbances from windstorms, harvests and insects. However, initial carbon stock size, rather than disturbance agent, had the strongest influence on the magnitude of SOC losses. SOC losses were greatest in cold-climate forests (boreal and mountainous regions) with large accumulations of organic matter on or near the soil surface. Negative effects are present for at least four decades post-disturbance. In contrast, forests with small initial SOC stocks experienced quantitatively lower carbon losses, and their stocks returned to pre-disturbance levels more quickly. Main Conclusions Our results indicate that the more carbon is stored in the forest's organic layers and top mineral soils, the more carbon will be lost after disturbance. Robust estimates of forest carbon budgets must therefore consider disturbance-induced SOC losses, which strongly depend on site-specific stocks. Particularly in cold-climate forests, these disturbance-related losses may challenge forest management efforts to sequester CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Mayer
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
- Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES)ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Institute of Forest Ecology, Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Andri Baltensweiler
- Forest Resources and ManagementSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | | | - Andreas Rigling
- Forest Ecology, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES)ETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Forest DynamicsSwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
| | - Frank Hagedorn
- Forest Soils and BiogeochemistrySwiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL)BirmensdorfSwitzerland
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Robinson DG, Ammer C, Polle A, Bauhus J, Aloni R, Annighöfer P, Baskin TI, Blatt MR, Bolte A, Bugmann H, Cohen JD, Davies PJ, Draguhn A, Hartmann H, Hasenauer H, Hepler PK, Kohnle U, Lang F, Löf M, Messier C, Munné-Bosch S, Murphy A, Puettmann KJ, Marchant IQ, Raven PH, Robinson D, Sanders D, Seidel D, Schwechheimer C, Spathelf P, Steer M, Taiz L, Wagner S, Henriksson N, Näsholm T. Mother trees, altruistic fungi, and the perils of plant personification. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 29:20-31. [PMID: 37735061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
There are growing doubts about the true role of the common mycorrhizal networks (CMN or wood wide web) connecting the roots of trees in forests. We question the claims of a substantial carbon transfer from 'mother trees' to their offspring and nearby seedlings through the CMN. Recent reviews show that evidence for the 'mother tree concept' is inconclusive or absent. The origin of this concept seems to stem from a desire to humanize plant life but can lead to misunderstandings and false interpretations and may eventually harm rather than help the commendable cause of preserving forests. Two recent books serve as examples: The Hidden Life of Trees and Finding the Mother Tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Robinson
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Christian Ammer
- Silvicuture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Polle
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Göttingen, Büsgenweg 2, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bauhus
- Chair of Silviculture, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacherstr. 4, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Roni Aloni
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Peter Annighöfer
- Forest and Agroforest Systems, Technische Universität München, Hans-Carl-v.-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias I Baskin
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Michael R Blatt
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Bower Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Andreas Bolte
- Thünen Institute of Forest Ecosystems, A.-Möller-Str. 1, Haus 41/42, D-16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Harald Bugmann
- Forest Ecology, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jerry D Cohen
- Department of Horticultural Science and Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Peter J Davies
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Andreas Draguhn
- Medical Faculty, Department of Neuro- and Senory Physiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henrik Hartmann
- Julius Kühn Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Forest Protection, Erwin-Baur-Str. 27, 06484 Quedlinburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Hasenauer
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Peter-Jordan-Straße 82/II 1190, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter K Hepler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, 611 N. Pleasant St, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Ulrich Kohnle
- Department of Forest Growth, Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg, Wonnhaldestraße 4, 79100 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friederike Lang
- Chair of Soil Ecology, University of Freiburg, Bertholdstr. 17, 79098 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Magnus Löf
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sundsvägen 3, P.O. Box 190, SE-234 22 Lomma, Sweden
| | - Christian Messier
- University of Quebec in Montréal (UQAM) and in Outaouais (UQO), Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Angus Murphy
- Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, 5140 Plant Sciences Building 4291 Fieldhouse Drive College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Klaus J Puettmann
- Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, 321 Richardson Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Iván Quiroz Marchant
- Instituto Forestal, Calle Nueva Uno 3570 LT 4 Michaihue, San Pedro de la Paz, Concepción Chile, Chile
| | - Peter H Raven
- President Emeritus, Missouri Botanical Garden, 1037 Cy Ann Drive, Town and Country, MO 63017-8402, USA
| | - David Robinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Dale Sanders
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Dominik Seidel
- Department for Spatial Structures and Digitization of Forests, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Büsgenweg 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Claus Schwechheimer
- Plant Systems Biology, Technische Universität München, Emil-Ramann-Straße 8, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Spathelf
- Applied Silviculture, Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development, Alfred-Möller-Strasse 1, 16225 Eberswalde, Germany
| | - Martin Steer
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, Science Centre West, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lincoln Taiz
- Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Sven Wagner
- Chair of Silviculture, Technische Universität Dresden, Pienner Str. 8, 01737 Tharandt, Germany
| | - Nils Henriksson
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
| | - Torgny Näsholm
- Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umea, Sweden
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Shao M, Zhang S, Pei Y, Song S, Lei T, Yun H. Soil texture and microorganisms dominantly determine the subsoil carbonate content in the permafrost-affected area of the Tibetan Plateau. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1125832. [PMID: 37025629 PMCID: PMC10070835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1125832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Under climate warming conditions, storage and conversion of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) play an important role in regulating soil carbon (C) dynamics and atmospheric CO2 content in arid and semi-arid areas. Carbonate formation in alkaline soil can fix a large amount of C in the form of inorganic C, resulting in soil C sink and potentially slowing global warming trends. Therefore, understanding the driving factors affecting carbonate mineral formation can help better predict future climate change. Till date, most studies have focused on abiotic drivers (climate and soil), whereas a few examined the effects of biotic drivers on carbonate formation and SIC stock. In this study, SIC, calcite content, and soil microbial communities were analyzed in three soil layers (0-5 cm, 20-30 cm, and 50-60 cm) on the Beiluhe Basin of Tibetan Plateau. Results revealed that in arid and semi-arid areas, SIC and soil calcite content did not exhibit significant differences among the three soil layers; however, the main factors affecting the calcite content in different soil layers are different. In the topsoil (0-5 cm), the most important predictor of calcite content was soil water content. In the subsoil layers 20-30 cm and 50-60 cm, the ratio of bacterial biomass to fungal biomass (B/F) and soil silt content, respectively, had larger contributions to the variation of calcite content than the other factors. Plagioclase provided a site for microbial colonization, whereas Ca2+ contributed in bacteria-mediated calcite formation. This study aims to highlight the importance of soil microorganisms in managing soil calcite content and reveals preliminary results on bacteria-mediated conversion of organic to inorganic C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Shao
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyin Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Pei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Song
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhu Lei
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tianzhu Lei,
| | - Hanbo Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, BeiLu’He Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou, China
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Hanbo Yun,
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