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Ding Z, Wang S, Zhang J, Zheng X, Zuo J. The effects of graphene on low-temperature anammox process: The insights from short-term tests and long-term operation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 949:174658. [PMID: 38992357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Effluent quality deterioration caused by seasonal low temperature is a great challenge to the application of anammox technology. Here, the effects of different graphene materials on anammox process were investigated under both optimal temperature and low-temperature. The batch tests showed that at 30 °C, 300 mg/L of reduced graphene oxide‑sodium alginate gel (RGOSA) had the most significant promoting effect, reaching nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) and nitrogen removal rate (NRR) of 95 % and 8.88 mgN/L/d, respectively. The changes of EPS secretion patterns and increasing of key enzymes activity might contribute to the enhanced anammox activity. During the long-term operation of anammox reactor, the NRE and NRR of the reactor decreased when the temperature dropped to 15 °C, showing an NRE of 50 %-57 % with the addition of 200 mg/L of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and 40 %-45 % with the addition of 20 mg/L of RGO. Furthermore, specific anammox activity (SAA) of the RGO200 reactor at 15 °C increased by 57.1 % compared to the UASB reactor without graphene addition. Additionally, 16S rRNA and metagenomic analysis results revealed anammox bacteria Ca. Kuenenia was the dominant bacteria. Moreover, the RGO can significantly increase the relative abundance of N-converting functional genes. This study demonstrates the graphene materials can help anammox process adapting to low temperatures, providing a possible solution for the application of anammox technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxun Ding
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sike Wang
- School of Materials and Environment Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiong Zhang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoying Zheng
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiane Zuo
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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2
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Sun S, Yan P, Zhang M, Fan Y, Gu X, Chachar A, He S. Reveling the micromolecular biological mechanism of acetate, thiosulfate and Fe 0 in ecological floating beds for treating low C/N wastewater: Insight into nitrogen removals and greenhouse gases reductions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 945:174042. [PMID: 38908573 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Selecting an appropriate electron donor to enhance nitrogen removal for treating low C/N wastewater in ecological floating beds (EFBs) is controversy. In this study, a systematic and comprehensive evaluation of sodium acetate (EFB-C), sodium thiosulfate (EFB-S) and iron scraps (EFB-Fe) was performed in a 2-year experiment on long-term viability including nitrogen removal and greenhouse gas emissions associated with key molecular biological mechanisms. The results showed that EFB-C (43-85 %) and EFB-S (40-88 %) exhibited superior total nitrogen (TN) removal. Temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) have significant impacts on TN removal of EFB-Fe, however, it could reach 86 % under high temperature (30-35 °C) and a long HRT (3 days), and it has lowest N2O (0-6.2 mg m-2 d-1) and CH4 (0-5.3 mg m-2 d-1) fluxes. Microbial network analysis revealed that the microbes changed from competing to cooperating after adding electron donors. A higher abundance of anammox genera was enriched in EFB-Fe. The Mantel's test and structural equation model provided proof of the differences, which showed that acetate and thiosulfate were similar, whereas Fe0 was different in the nitrogen removal mechanism. Molecular biology analyses further verified that heterotrophic, autotrophic, and mixotrophic coupled with anammox were the main TN removal pathways for EFB-C, EFB-S, and EFB-Fe, respectively. These findings provide a better understanding of the biological mechanisms for selecting appropriate electron donors for treating low C/N wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Pan Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Manping Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Xushun Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Azharuddin Chachar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shengbing He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Landscape Water Environment, Shanghai 200031, PR China.
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3
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Zheng Y, Zou X, Dong S, Xin F, Jin W, Sun F, Sabir Ahmed M, Chen C. Adaptation of the anammox process for high ammonium photovoltaic wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 410:131298. [PMID: 39153697 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Tunnel Oxide Passivating Contacts (TOPcon) battery in the photovoltaic industry generates high ammonium wastewater during the production process, the adaptability of using the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) process for photovoltaic wastewater (PVW) treatment is a research hotspot. Based on the analysis of photovoltaic wastewater quality, the effectiveness of nitrogen removal, sludge characteristics and microbial communities were examined. The results showed that when the influent NH4+-N concentration of PVW was lower than 150 mg·L-1, the nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was almost 100 %. In addition, the NRE decreased from 74 % sharply to 20 % when the NH4+-N concentration was increased from 175 mg·L-1 to 200 mg·L-1. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) content increased with elevated ammonium concentration in the influent, indicating that microorganisms secreted more EPS to resist elevated nitrogen loading. The main functional populations were Candidatus Kuenenia (0-24 %). The influent ammonium concentration is recommended to be < 200 mg·L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Xinyi Zou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Shihong Dong
- Suzhou Shijing Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Feng Xin
- Suzhou Shijing Technology Co., Ltd, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Faqian Sun
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Malband Sabir Ahmed
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China
| | - Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.
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4
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Ahmad HA, Sun X, Wang Z, Ahmad S, El-Baz A, Lee T, Ni BJ, Ni SQ. Metagenomic unveils the promotion of mainstream PD-anammox process at lower nZVI concentration and inhibition at higher dosage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 408:131168. [PMID: 39069143 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The partial-denitrification-anammox (PdNA) process exhibits great potential in enabling the simultaneous removal of NO3--N and NH4+-N. This study delved into the impact of exogenous nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the PdNA process. Adding 10 mg L-1 of nZVI increased nitrogen removal efficiency up to 83.12 % and maintained higher relative abundances of certain beneficial bacteria. The maximum relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia (1.6 %), Candidatus Kuenenia (1.5 %), Ignavibacterium (1.3 %), and Azospira (1.2 %) was observed at 10 mg L-1 of nZVI. However, the greatest relative abundance of Thauera (1.3 %) was recorded under 50 mg L-1. Moreover, applying nZVI selectively enhanced the abundance of NO3--N reductase genes. So, keeping the nZVI concentration at 10 mg L-1 or below is advisable to ensure a stable PdNA process in mainstream conditions. Considering nitrogen removal efficiency, using nZVI in the PD-anammox process could be more cost-effective in enhancing its adoption in industrial and mainstream settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Adeel Ahmad
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Shakeel Ahmad
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Amro El-Baz
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Taeho Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Shou-Qing Ni
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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5
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Shaw DR, Tobon Gonzalez J, Bibiano Guadarrama C, Saikaly PE. Emerging biotechnological applications of anaerobic ammonium oxidation. Trends Biotechnol 2024; 42:1128-1143. [PMID: 38519307 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is an energy-efficient method for nitrogen removal that opens the possibility for energy-neutral wastewater treatment. Research on anammox over the past decade has primarily focused on its implementation in domestic wastewater treatment. However, emerging studies are now expanding its use to novel biotechnological applications and wastewater treatment processes. This review highlights recent advances in the anammox field that aim to overcome conventional bottlenecks, and explores novel and niche-specific applications of the anammox process. Despite the promising results and potential of these advances, challenges persist for their real-world implementation. This underscores the need for a transition from laboratory achievements to practical, scalable solutions for wastewater treatment which mark the next crucial phase in the evolution of anammox research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Rangel Shaw
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Julian Tobon Gonzalez
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Bibiano Guadarrama
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pascal E Saikaly
- Water Desalination and Reuse Center (WDRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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6
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Wang Y, Nie S, Yuan Q, Liu Y, Meng Y, Luan F. Formation of iron-rich encrustation layer on anammox granules for high load stress resistance: Performance, advantages, and mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:131046. [PMID: 38936676 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) is a cost-effective technology but its performance can be seriously inhibited by high load stress. This study has created an innovative iron-rich encrustation layer (IEL) on the surface of anammox granules (AnGS) through the addition of a certain amount of nano zero-valent iron. The IEL was formed through the aggregation of a gel network and the binding of iron species with extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), resulting in a significant increase in settling ability, EPS secretion, and heme content. Metagenomic analysis indicated a notable rise in the functional genes associated with nitrogen andiron metabolism in IEL AnGS. Under high load stress, the ammonia removal performance of AnGS without IEL severely declined. In contrast, IEL AnGS exhibited excellent ammonia removal efficiency of over 90%. The IEL served as a protective barrier for AnGS, effectively mitigating the strong shear forces, thereby enhancing their resistance to high load stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shiqing Nie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Qingke Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Ying Meng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China.
| | - Fubo Luan
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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7
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Wang S, Tian Y, Bi Y, Meng F, Qiu C, Yu J, Liu L, Zhao Y. Recovery strategies and mechanisms of anammox reaction following inhibition by environmental factors: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118824. [PMID: 38588911 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising biological method for treating nitrogen-rich, low-carbon wastewater. However, the application of anammox technology in actual engineering is easily limited by environmental factors. Considerable progress has been investigated in recent years in anammox restoration strategies, significantly addressing the challenge of poor reaction performance following inhibition. This review systematically outlines the strategies employed to recover anammox performance following inhibition by conventional environmental factors and emerging pollutants. Additionally, comprehensive summaries of strategies aimed at promoting anammox activity and enhancing nitrogen removal performance provide valuable insights into the current research landscape in this field. The review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of restoration strategies of anammox-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmeng Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunsheng Qiu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingjie Yu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Dai B, Yang Y, Wang Z, Zhou J, Wang Z, Zhang X, Xia S. Refractory dissolved organic matters in sludge leachate trigger the combination of anammox and denitratation for advanced nitrogen removal. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 257:121678. [PMID: 38692260 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The cost-effective treatment of sludge leachate (SL) with high nitrogen content and refractory dissolved organic matter (rDOM) has drawn increasing attention. This study employed, for the first time, a rDOM triggered denitratation-anammox continuous-flow process to treat landfill SL. Moreover, the mechanisms of exploiting rDOM from SL as an inner carbon source for denitratation were systematically analyzed. The results demonstrated outstanding nitrogen and rDOM removal performance without any external carbon source supplement. In this study, effluent concentrations of 4.27 ± 0.45 mgTIN/L and 5.58 ± 1.64 mgTN/L were achieved, coupled with an impressive COD removal rate of 65.17 % ± 1.71 %. The abundance of bacteria belonging to the Anaerolineaceae genus, which were identified as rDOM degradation bacteria, increased from 18.23 % to 35.62 %. As a result, various types of rDOM were utilized to different extents, with proteins being the most notable, except for lignins. Metagenomic analysis revealed a preference for directing electrons towards NO3--N reductase rather than NO2--N reductase, indicating the coupling of denitratation bacteria and anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadia). Overall, this study introduced a novel synergy platform for advanced nitrogen removal in treating SL using its inner carbon source. This approach is characterized by low energy consumption and operational costs, coupled with commendable efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zuobin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center of Dredging Technology and Equipment, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhou Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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9
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Guo H, Gao M, Yao Y, Zou X, Zhang Y, Huang W, Liu Y. Enhancing anammox process with granular activated carbon: A study on Microbial Extracellular Secretions (MESs). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:171980. [PMID: 38537814 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Granular activated carbon (GAC), a porous carbon-based material, provides increased attachment space for functional microorganisms and enhances nitrogen removal by facilitating extracellular electron transfer in the anammox process. This study investigates the effects of GAC on the biosynthesis of microbial extracellular secretions (MESs) and explores the roles of these secretions in anammox activities. Four lab-scale reactors were operated: two downstream UASB reactors (D1 and D2) receiving effluents from the upstream UASB reactors (U1: no-GAC, U2: yes-GAC). Our results indicate that MESs were enhanced with the addition of GAC. The effluent from U2 exhibited a 59.62 % higher amino acid content than that from U1. These secretions contributed to an increase in the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) in the downstream reactors. Specifically, NLR in D1 increased from 130.5 to 142.7 g N/m3/day, and in D2, it escalated from 137.5 to 202.8 g N/m3/day, likely through acting as cross-feeding substrates or vital nutrients. D2 also showed increased anammox bacterial activity, enriched Ca. Brocadia population and hao gene abundance. Furthermore, this study revealed that D2 sludge has significantly higher extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) (48.71 mg/g VSS) and a larger average granule size (1.201 ± 0.119 mm) compared to D1 sludge. Overall, GAC-stimulated MESs may have contributed to the enhanced performance of the anammox process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengbo Guo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yiduo Yao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xin Zou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Wendy Huang
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4000, Australia.
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10
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Liu T, Guo J, Li X, Yuan Y, Huang Y, Zhu X. Start-up of pilot-scale ANAMMOX reactor for low-carbon nitrogen removal from anaerobic digestion effluent of kitchen waste. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130629. [PMID: 38552858 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The pilot-scale simultaneous denitrification and methanation (SDM)-partial nitrification (PN)-anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) system was designed to treat anaerobic digestion effluent of kitchen waste (ADE-KW). The SDM-PN was first started to avoid the inhibition of high-concentration pollutants. Subsequently, Anammox was coupled to realize autotrophic nitrogen removal. Shortcut nitrification-denitrification achieved by the SDM-PN. The NO2--N accumulation (92 %) and NH4+-N conversion (60 %) were achieved by PN, and the removal of TN and COD from the SDM-PN was 70 % and 73 %, respectively. After coupling Anammox, the TN (95 %) was removed with a TN removal rate of 0.51 kg·m-3·d-1. Microbiological analyses showed a shift from dominance by Methanothermobacter to co-dominance by Methanothermobacter, Thermomonas, and Flavobacterium in SDM during the SDM-PN. While after coupling Anammox, Candidatus kuenenia was enriched in the Anammox zone, the SDM zone shifted back to being dominated by Methanothermobacter. Overall, this study provides new ideas for the treatment of ADE-KW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jiaweng Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Suzhou Tianjun Environmental Technology limited Company, Suzhou, 215011, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yan Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhu
- Suzhou Hongyu Environmental Technology Company limited by shares, Suzhou 215011, China
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11
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Yan J, Wu L, Ye W, Zhou J, Ji Q, Alberto Gomez M, Hong Y, Lin JG, Zhang H. Ferric and sulfate coupled ammonium oxidation enhanced nitrogen removal in two-stage partial nitrification - Anammox/denitrification process for food waste liquid digestate treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 398:130533. [PMID: 38452950 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Liquid digestate of food waste is an ammonium-, ferric- and sulfate-laden leachate produced during digestate dewatering, where the carbon source is insufficient for nitrogen removal. A two-stage partial nitrification-anammox/denitrification process was established for nitrogen removal of liquid digestate without pre-treatment (>300 d), through which nitrogen (95 %), biodegradable organics (100 %), sulfate (78 %) and iron (100 %) were efficiently removed. Additional ammonium conversion (20 %N) might be coupled with ferric and sulfate reduction, while produced nitrite could be further converted to di-nitrogen gas through anammox (75 %) and denitrification (25 %). Notably, since increasingly contribution of hydroxylamine producing nitrous oxide, and up-regulated expression of electron transfer and cytochrome c protein, the enhanced ammonium oxidation was probably conducted through extracellular polymeric substances-mediated electron transfer between sulfate/ferric-reducers and aerobic ammonium oxidizers. Thus, the established partial nitrification-anammox/denitrification process might be a cost-efficient nitrogen removal technology for liquid digestate, benefitting to domestic waste recycling and carbon neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
| | - Lingyao Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Weizhuo Ye
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Junlian Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Qixing Ji
- The Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Thrust (EOAS), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), 511442 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mario Alberto Gomez
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Jih-Gaw Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu City 30010, Taiwan
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, PR China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality Security and Protection in Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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12
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Hu X, Wang H, Ji B, Wang B, Guo W, Chen R, Jiang C, Chen Y, Zhou D, Zhang Q. Metagenomic insights into the mechanism for the rapid enrichment and high stability of Candidatus Brocadia facilitated by Fe(Ⅲ). WATER RESEARCH 2024; 252:121224. [PMID: 38309072 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The rapid enrichment of anammox bacteria and its fragile resistance to adverse environment are the critical problems facing of anammox processes. As an abundant component in anammox bacteria, iron has been proved to promote the activity and growth of anammox bacteria in the mature anammox systems, but the functional and metabolic profiles in Fe(III) enhanced emerging anammox systems have not been evaluated. Results indicated that the relative abundance of functional genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, nitrogen metabolism, cofactors synthesis, and extracellular polymers synthesis pathways was significantly promoted in the system added with 5 mg/L Fe(III) (R5). These enhanced pathways were crucial to energy generation, nitrogen removal, cell activity and proliferation, and microbial self-defense, thereby accelerating the enrichment of anammox bacteria Ca. Brocadia and facilitating their resistance to adverse environments. Microbial community analysis showed that the proportion of Ca. Brocadia in R5 also increased to 64.42 %. Hence, R5 could adapt rapidly to the increased nitrogen loading rate and increase the nitrogen removal rate by 108 % compared to the system without Fe(III) addition. However, the addition of 10 and 20 mg/L Fe(III) showed inhibitory effects on the growth and activity of anammox bacteria, which exhibited the lower relative abundance of Ca. Brocadia and unstable or even collapsed nitrogen removal performance. This study not only clarified the concentration range of Fe(III) that promoted and inhibited the enrichment of anammox bacteria, but also deepened our understanding of the functional and metabolic mechanisms underlying enhanced enrichment of anammox bacteria by Fe(III), providing a potential strategy to hasten the start-up of anammox from conventional activated sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Hu
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Water and Wastewater Engineering, School of Urban Construction, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Rongfan Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Can Jiang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Dao Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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13
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Paritosh K, Kesharwani N. Biochar mediated high-rate anaerobic bioreactors: A critical review on high-strength wastewater treatment and management. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120348. [PMID: 38457889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of high-strength wastewater is critical for the aquatic environment and receiving water bodies around the globe. Untreated or partially treated high-strength wastewater may cause severe damage to the existing water bodies. Various high-rate anaerobic bioreactors have been developed in the last decades for treating high-strength wastewater. High-rate anaerobic bioreactors are effective in treating industrial wastewater and provide energy in the form of methane as well. However, the physical or chemical properties of high-strength industrial wastewater, sometimes, disrupt the functioning of a high-rate anaerobic bioreactor. For example, the disintegration of granular sludge in up flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor or membrane blocking in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor are the results of a high-strength wastewater treatment which hamper the proper functioning and may harm the wastewater treatment plant economically. Biochar, if added to these bioreactors, may help to alleviate the ill-functioning of high-rate anaerobic bioreactors. The primary mechanisms by biochar work in these bioreactors are direct interspecies electron transfer, microbial immobilization, or gene level alternations in microbial structure. The present article explores and reviews the recent application of biochar in a high-rate anaerobic bioreactor treating high-strength industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Paritosh
- MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering and Architecture, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Nupur Kesharwani
- Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India
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14
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Zhang L, Zhao W, Ji X, Wang J, Wu P, Qian F, Chen C, Shen Y, Liu W. Waste iron scraps promote anammox bacteria to resist inorganic carbon limitation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169042. [PMID: 38061648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process is adversely affected by the limitation of inorganic carbon (IC). In this research, a new technique was introduced to assist anammox biomass in counteracting the adverse effects of IC limitation by incorporating waste iron scraps (WIS), a cheap and easily accessible byproduct of lathe cutting. Results demonstrated that reducing the influent IC/TN ratio from 0.08-0.09 to 0.04 resulted in a 20 % decrease in the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) for the control reactor, with an average specific anammox activity (SAA) of 0.65 g N/g VSS/day. Nevertheless, the performance of the WIS-assisted anammox reactor remained robust despite the reduction in IC supply. In fact, the NRR and SAA of the WIS-assisted reactor exhibited substantial improvements, reaching approximately 1.86 kg/(m3·day) and 0.98 g N/g VSS/day, respectively. These values surpassed those achieved by the control reactor by approximately 39 % and 51 %, respectively. The microbial analysis confirmed that the WIS addition significantly stimulated the proliferation of anammox bacteria (dominated by Candidatus Kuenenia) under IC limitation. The anammox gene abundances in the WIS-assisted anammox reactor were 3-4 times higher than those in the control reactor. Functional genes prediction based on the KEGG database revealed that the addition of WIS significantly enhanced the relative abundances of genes associated with nitrogen metabolism, IC fixation, and central carbon metabolism. Together, the results suggested that WIS promoted carbon dioxide fixation of anammox species to resist IC limitation. This study provided a promising approach for effectively treating high ammonium-strength wastewater using anammox under IC limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Feiyue Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Yaoliang Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wenru Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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15
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Yang L, Li W, Zhu H, Dong S, Mu H, Hu K, Wang T, Li J. Functions and mechanisms of sponge iron-mediated multiple metabolic processes in anaerobic ammonium oxidation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 390:129821. [PMID: 37806360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Sponge iron (SI) is a promising material for nitrogen removal from wastewater. This study reveals the potential functions and mechanisms of SI-mediated multiple metabolic processes in the nitrogen removal of Anammox. The results showed that although the SI application prolonged the start-up time of the reactor, achieved efficient and stable nitrogen removal after a successful start-up. The total nitrogen removal efficiency of the SI-Anammox system (92.62%) was 13.30% higher than that of R0 without SI (79.32%). The increase in nitrogen removal performance was accompanied by an increase in SAA and EPS content. Further microbial analysis showed significant enrichment of functional microorganisms, such as Candidatus_Brocadia, Nitrosomonas, Ellin6067, and Nitrospira. Multi-omics evidence suggests that efficient nitrogen removal is ultimately attributable to the enhancement of the specific key Fe- and N-functional genes in Anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Wenxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Ecological Effect and Risk Assessment of Chemicals, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Hongjuan Zhu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Sanqiang Dong
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Hao Mu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Kaiyao Hu
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Te Wang
- Shaanxi Municipal Architectural Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730070, China; Key Laboratory for Resources Utilization Technology of Unconventional Water of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, China
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16
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Dong Z, Ma Y, Yu M, Cai Y, Chen Y, Wu J, Ma F, Hu B. Affinity difference determines the assembly and interaction mode of anammox community reconstructed by siderophores. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165278. [PMID: 37414172 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Anammox community is the core of anammox process. The constancy of the anammox community determines the stability of the anammox process and the ability of withstand environmental impact. Community stability is influenced by the assembly and interaction mode of the community. This study aimed to explore the assembly, interaction mode, and stability of anammox community influenced by two siderophores (enterobactin and putrebactin) specific for Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia as produced in our previous research. Siderophores improved the stability of the anammox community, among which vulnerability dropped by 30.02 % and 72.53 % respectively. Enterobactin and putrebactin altered the succession speed and assembly pattern of communities, with a respective increase of 9.77 % and 80.87 % in the deterministic process of anammox community assembly, respectively. Enterobactin and putrebactin reduced the dependence of Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia on companion bacteria by 60 items and 27 items respectively. The affinity of different siderophore-Fe with bacterial membrane receptors caused variations in community reconstruction, with Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia exhibiting the highest affinity with enterobactin-Fe (-11.4 kcal/mol) and putrebactin-Fe (-9.0 kcal/mol), respectively. This study demonstrated how siderophores can enhance the stability of anammox process by regulating assembly and interaction mode of anammox community, while also revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Dong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengwen Yu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufei Cai
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingluo Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Wu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Baolan Hu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory for Water Pollution Control and Environmental Safety, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Shitu A, Chen W, Tadda MA, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Liu D, Zhu S, Zhao J. Enhanced aquaculture wastewater treatment in a biofilm reactor filled with sponge/ferrous oxalate/biochar composite (Sponge-C 2FeO 4@NBC) biocarriers: Performance and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 330:138772. [PMID: 37098362 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating low-cost and efficient biofilm carriers for moving bed biofilm reactors in wastewater treatment is crucial for achieving environmental sustainability. Herein, a novel sponge biocarrier doped with NaOH-loaded biochar and nano ferrous oxalate (sponge-C2FeO4@NBC) was prepared and evaluated for nitrogenous compounds removal from recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) wastewater by stepwise increasing ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) loading rates. The prepared NBC, sponge-C2FeO4@NBC, and matured biofilms were characterized using SEM, FTIR, BET, and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. The results reveal that the highest removal rates of NH4+-N reached 99.28 ± 1.3% was yielded by the bioreactor filled with sponge-C2FeO4@NBC, with no obvious nitrite (NO2--N) accumulation in the final phase. The reactor packed with sponge-C2FeO4@NBC biocarrier had the highest relative abundance of functional microorganisms responsible for nitrogen metabolism than in the control reactor, confirmed from 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Our study provides new insights into the newly developed biocarriers for enhancing RAS biofilters treatment performance in keeping water quality within the acceptable level for the rearing of aquatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abubakar Shitu
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Musa Abubakar Tadda
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Yadong Zhang
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhangying Ye
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China
| | - Dezhao Liu
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Songming Zhu
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Ocean Academy, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- College of Bio-systems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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