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Chen Y, Ling Y, Liu F, Tong L, Yang M, Shi Y, Xue Y, Ye H, Xu Y, Huang C, Xiao H. Characteristics and Source Apportionment of Volatile Organic Compounds in a Coastal Industrial Area: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta of China. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 113:16. [PMID: 39068285 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03926-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, the coastal area in East China has experienced elevated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) levels during specific periods. VOCs have become one of the major atmospheric pollutants in these areas. In this study, 64 compounds including alkanes, alkenes, halohydrocarbons, aromatics, and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were obtained by the TO-15 method through a 12-month campaign in industrial, urban and suburban areas in the Yangtze River Delta of China. The overall trends of total VOC (TVOC) concentrations at eight sampling sites were as follows: winter > autumn > spring > summer. The proportion of VOC categories was various at industrial sites, while OVOCs and halohydrocarbons had high proportions at urban sites and suburban sites, respectively. Coating, vehicle emission, petrochemical source, industrial source, and gasoline volatilization were identified as the major VOC emission sources by the positive matrix factorization model. Petrochemical and coating sources were the prime VOC sources at industrial sites. Aromatics contributed the most ozone formation potential at industrial sites, while OVOCs provided the main contributions at both urban and suburban sites during four seasons. According to the health risk assessment, a high probability of non-carcinogenic risk existed at three industrial sites. Special attention should be given to certain VOCs, such as acrolein and 1,2-dibromoethane in industrial areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunbo Chen
- Air pollution prevention and control research center, Kunming Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yufei Ling
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Fengwei Liu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315800, China.
| | - Mengrong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Yasheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315800, China
| | - Yuan Xue
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haiyun Ye
- Air pollution prevention and control research center, Kunming Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Yilei Xu
- Air pollution prevention and control research center, Kunming Research Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Cenyan Huang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo, 315800, China
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Du Z, Li H, Nie L, Yao Z, Zhang X, Liu Y, Chen S. High-solution emission characters and health risks of volatile organic compounds for sprayers in automobile repair industries. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:22679-22693. [PMID: 38411906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing automobile repair industries (ARIs) with spray facilities have become an important volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution source in China. However, the VOC health risk assessment for long-term exposure in ARIs has not been well characterized. In this study, though sampled VOCs from 51 typical ARIs in Beijing, the relationship between emission patterns, average daily exposure concentrations (EC), and health risks was comprehensively analyzed with the health assessment method. Results showed that concentrations of 117 VOCs from the samples ranged from 68.53 to 19863.32 μg·m-3, while the ARI operator's daily VOC inhalation EC was 11.24-1460.70 μg·m-3. The organic VOC (OVOC) concentration accounted for 73.16 ~ 94.52% in the solvent-based paint workshops, while aromatics were the main VOC component in water-based paint spraying (WPS) workshops, accounting for 70.08%, respectively. And the method of inhalation exposure health risk assessment was firstly used to evaluate carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity risk for sprayers in ARIs. The cumulative lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) for 24 sampled VOCs were within acceptable ranges, while the mean hazard index (HI) for 1 year with 44 sampled VOCs was over 1. Among them, ethyl alcohol had a high carcinogenic risk in both mixed water-based paint (MP) and solvent-based paint workshops. The mean HI associated with aromatics were 2.88E - 3 and 4.30E - 3 for 1 h in MP and WPS workshops. O-ethyl toluene and acetone are VOC components that need to be paid attention to in future paint raw materials and spraying operations. Our study will provide the important references for the standard of VOC occupational exposure health limits in ARIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxia Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanbing Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Nie
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yao
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Eco-Environmental Protection, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds Pollution Control and Application, National Urban Environmental Pollution Control Engineering Research Center, Beijing, 100037, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Beijing On Regional Air Pollution Control, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, People's Republic of China.
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Sun L, Tan Y, Xu H, Shu R, Liu Z, Zhang R, Hou J, Zhang R. A Novel Photocatalytic Functional Coating Applied to the Degradation of Xylene in Coating Solvents under Solar Irradiation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:570. [PMID: 36770531 PMCID: PMC9920615 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel photocatalytic functional coating was prepared with g-C3N4/TiO2 composites as the photocatalytic active component modified by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), and it showed an efficient catalytic performance under solar light irradiation. The degradation of xylene released from fluorocarbon coating solvents by the g-C3N4/TiO2 composite coatings was investigated under simulated solar irradiation. The degradation efficiency of the coating mixed with DBD-modified 10%-g-C3N4/TiO2 showed a stable, long-lasting, and significantly higher activity compared to the coatings mixed with the unmodified catalyst. Ninety-eight percent of the xylene released from fluorocarbon coating solvents was successfully removed under solar light irradiation in 2 h. The properties of the catalyst samples before and after modification were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and other characterization techniques. The results suggested that DBD-modified g-C3N4/TiO2 showed an improved capture ability and utilization efficiency of solar light with reduced band gap and lower complexation rate of electron-hole pairs. The prepared photocatalytic coating offers an environmentally friendly approach to purify the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from solvent-based coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Sun
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yujie Tan
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruchen Shu
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Foshan Shunde District Midea Washing Appliance Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Foshan 528311, China
| | - Ruina Zhang
- Shanghai Institute for Design & Research on Environmental Engineering, Shanghai 200232, China
| | - Jianyuan Hou
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Renxi Zhang
- Institute of Environmental Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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