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Deliboran A, Varol M, Aytop H. Evaluation of ecological and health risks of trace elements in soils of olive orchards and apportionment of their sources using the APCS-MLR receptor model. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:320. [PMID: 39012557 PMCID: PMC11252231 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-02108-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
İzmir, Turkey's third most populous city, is in an important position in terms of both agriculture and industry. The province, which contributes 9.3% to the country's industrial production, also has an important potential in terms of olive cultivation. However, until now, no research has been undertaken to analyze the content of trace elements (TEs) in the soil of olive orchards in İzmir. This study was carried out to determine the pollution level and ecological risks of TEs in the olive orchards soils of İzmir province, to reveal their potential sources and to evaluate their health risks. Among the TEs, the average content of only Ni (37.9 mg/kg) exceeded the world soil average content (29 mg/kg), while the average content of only Cd (0.176 mg/kg) exceeded the upper continental crust content (0.09 mg/kg). Enrichment factor revealed that there was significant enrichment for Cd in 73.6%, Ni in 11.6% and Cr in 5.4% of olive orchards, respectively, due to polluted irrigation water and agrochemicals. Similarly, ecological risk factor indicated that there were moderate and considerable ecological risks for Cd in 48.8% and 23.3% of olive orchards, respectively. Absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression (APCS-MLR) model showed that Ni and Cr in the study area are affected by agricultural sources, Al, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn originate from lithogenic sources, and Cd originates from mixed sources. Based on health risk evaluation methods, non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic effects would not be expected for residents. This study provides significant knowledge for evaluating soil TE pollution in olive orchards and serves a model for source apportionment and human health risk evaluation of TEs in other agricultural regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Memet Varol
- Faculty of Agriculture, Malatya Turgut Özal University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Halil Aytop
- Kahramanmaraş East Mediterranean Transitional Zone Agricultural Research of Institute, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
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Zhao J, Cao C, Chen X, Zhang W, Ma T, Irfan M, Zheng L. Source-specific ecological risk analysis and critical source identification of heavy metal(loid)s in the soil of typical abandoned coal mining area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174506. [PMID: 38971251 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Long-term coal mining activities in abandoned coal mining areas have resulted in the migration of large quantities of heavy metals into the surrounding soil environment, posing a threat to the regional ecological environment. This study focuses on the surface soil collected from a typical abandoned coal mining area. Methods such as the pollution index (PI) and potential ecological risk index (RI) were used to comprehensively evaluate the pollution levels and ecological risks of soil heavy metals. Geostatistical analysis and the APCS-MLR model were used to quantify the sources of soil heavy metals, and Nemerow integrated ecological risk (NIRI) model was coupled to apportion the ecological risks from different pollution sources. The results indicate that the average concentrations of Cd, As, and Zn are 4.58, 2.44, and 1.67 times the soil background values, respectively, while the concentrations of other heavy metals are below the soil background values. The soil of study area is strongly polluted by heavy metals, with the pollution level and ecological risk of Cd being significantly higher than those of other heavy metals. The NIRI calculation results show that the overall comprehensive ecological risk level is considerable, with sample points classified as relatively considerable, moderate, and low at 60.53 %, 36.84 %, and 2.63 %, respectively. The sources of soil heavy metals can be categorized into four types: traffic activities, natural sources, coal gangue accumulation, and a combined source of coal mining and agricultural activities, with contribution rates of 35.3 %, 36.1 %, 19.5 %, and 9.1 %, respectively. The specific source ecological risk assessment results indicate that coal gangue accumulation contributes the most to ecological risk (36.4 %) and should be prioritized for pollution control, with Cd being the priority control element for ecological risk. The findings provide theoretical support for the refined management of soil heavy metal pollution in abandoned coal mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyang Zhao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Chengying Cao
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Environment and Energy, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230093, China
| | - Wanyu Zhang
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Tianqi Ma
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Liugen Zheng
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Anhui University, Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Mine Ecological Remediation, Hefei 230601, China.
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Wu D, Jing L, Li Y, Ran T, Peng S, Jing W. Enhancing Fatigue Performance of Coal Gangue Concrete (CGC) through Polypropylene Fiber Modification: Experimental Evaluation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1096. [PMID: 38675015 PMCID: PMC11054171 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Coal gangue is a byproduct of coal mining and processing, and according to incomplete statistics, China has amassed a substantial coal gangue stockpile exceeding 2600 large mountains, which poses a serious threat to the ecological environment. Utilizing gangue as a coarse aggregate to produce gangue concrete (GC) presents a promising avenue for addressing the disposal of coal gangue; however, gangue concrete presents several challenges that need to be tackled, such as low strength and poor resistance to repeated loads. In this study, polypropylene fibers (PPFs) were incorporated into gangue concrete to enhance its utilization rate. Uniaxial compressive and repeated loading experiments were then conducted to investigate the uniaxial strength and fatigue properties of polypropylene fiber-reinforced gangue concrete (PGC) with varying gangue substitution rates (20%, 40%, and 60%) and different polypropylene fiber admixtures (0, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). The findings indicate that incorporating gangue at a substitution rate of 40% could notably enhance the uniaxial compressive strength of PGC, resulting in a maximum increase of 19.4%. In the repeated loading experiments, the ductility of PGC was enhanced with the incorporation of PPFs, resulting in a reduction of 33.76% in the damage factor and 19.42% in residual strain for PGC-40-0.2 compared to PGC-40-0. A PPF content of 0.2% was found to be optimal for enhancing the fatigue performance of PGC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) testing proved the improvement effect of polypropylene fiber on gangue concrete from a microscopic perspective. This study provides crucial experimental data and a theoretical foundation for the utilization of gangue concrete in complex stress environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
- School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Laiwang Jing
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Tao Ran
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
- School of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Shaochi Peng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Wei Jing
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232000, China
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Yao C, Yang Y, Li C, Shen Z, Li J, Mei N, Luo C, Wang Y, Zhang C, Wang D. Heavy metal pollution in agricultural soils from surrounding industries with low emissions: Assessing contamination levels and sources. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170610. [PMID: 38307271 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The potential for heavy metal (HM) pollution in agricultural soils adjacent to industries with elevated HM emissions has long been recognized. However, industries with relatively lower levels of HM emissions, such as alumina smelting and glass production, may still contribute to the pollution of surrounding agricultural soils through continuous, albeit low-level, emissions. Despite this, this issue has not garnered adequate attention thus far. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the extent of HM pollution in agricultural soils adjacent to an alumina smelting and a glass production factory, identifying contamination levels and potential sources through the analysis of input fluxes, isotope fingerprints, and receptor models. Results showed moderate cadmium (Cd) contamination in surface soil, exceeding standards at a rate of 86.36 %. Further analysis revealed that atmospheric deposition was the primary route for Cd input in both paddy fields (89.20 %) and dryland soils (91.61 %). Additionally, the δ114/110Cd values in surface soils indicated that dust played a role in influencing Cd levels in distant surface soils, while raw materials and slags were identified as primary sources near the factory. Industrial sources were considered the primary contributors of Cd in soil accounting for approximately 73.38 % and 82.67 %, respectively, according to the positive matrix factorization model (PMF) and absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression model (APCS-MLR). Overall, this study underscores the importance of monitoring HMs from industries with relatively low emissions and provides a scientific basis for effectively managing HMs pollution in agricultural soils, ensuring the preservation of agricultural soil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yidan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Caixia Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhijie Shen
- China Merchants Ecological Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Jieqin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Nan Mei
- Chongqing Municipal Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Chengzhong Luo
- Chongqing Municipal Solid Waste Management Center, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Yongmin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Dingyong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Tian Y, Dong X, Fan Y, Yang D, Chen R. Hydrothermal alkaline synthesis and release properties of silicon compound fertiliser using high-ash coal slime. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:99652-99665. [PMID: 37615911 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
High-ash coal slime is difficult to utilise as a boiler fuel, and its accumulation results in environmental pollution. In this study, we describe a new method for the preparation of high-ash coal slime silica compound fertiliser (HASF) using CaO-KOH mixed hydrothermal method to optimize the utilization of this industrial waste and relieve the pressure on the fertiliser industry. The coal slime (D0) used in this study and its dry basis ash content by 1 mol/L and 4 mol/L sulfuric acid pre-activation (D1, D4) were greater than 85%. The effective silicon content of D0, D1, and D4 silica compound fertilisers reached 30.24%, 31.24%, and 17.35%, respectively, and the sums of effective silica-calcium-potassium oxides were 57.28%, 58.87%, and 48.16%, respectively, under the optimal reaction conditions of 230 °C, 15 h, and 1 mol/L KOH, which met the market requirements, as determined using single-factor experiments. We used XRD, FTIR, and SEM-EDS analysis techniques to demonstrate that tobermorite and leucite were the main mineral phases of the compound fertiliser, and activated coal slime D4, which contains only quartz single crystals, required more demanding reaction conditions in the synthesis reaction. Subsequently, the cumulative release pattern of HASF silica was well described by the power function equation via repeated extraction and dissolution experiments, with the dissolution rate following D4 > D1 ≈ D0. Furthermore, 4 mol/L sulfuric acid pre-activation resulted in the enrichment of HASF combined with organic matter and increased the slow-release rate of HASF silica. Thus, the synthesized HASF could have potential application prospects in soil improvement and fertilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Tian
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Ecological Mining, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Xianshu Dong
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China.
- Shanxi Engineering Research Center of Ecological Mining, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
| | - Yuping Fan
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Center for Research and Development of Oil Shale Exploitation, Beijing, 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of In Situ Property Improving Mining of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Ruxia Chen
- Department of Mineral Processing Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
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