1
|
Wang H, Bai Q, Ma L, Wan Y, Dang X, Li J, Wang R, Wang T, Zeng X. Coupling effects of irrigation and nitrogen on spring maize yield and greenhouse gas emissions in Northwestern China. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 39189852 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study explored the mechanism of irrigation and nitrogen (N) coupling on spring maize yield and soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with the objective of achieving water saving, high yield and emission reduction. Field experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of multiple irrigation and N management strategies on GHG emissions and to determine the optimal balance between GHG, water conservation and grain yield. The experiments were conducted on spring maize with three irrigation levels (low, IL; medium, IM; and high, IH) and 4 N application levels (N40, N80, N120 and N160 kg N ha-1). RESULTS The IL treatment exhibited the lowest N2O and CO2 emission fluxes and the lowest CH4 uptake fluxes. The N40 treatment exhibited the lowest N2O and CO2 emission fluxes and the highest CH4 uptake flux. Significant positive correlations were observed among N2O and CO2 emission fluxes, CH4 uptake fluxes, and soil moisture and inorganic N content. Maize yield initially increased and then decreased with rising levels of irrigation and N management. By employing the TOPSIS method to assess yield and greenhouse effects, we identified the IMN120 treatment as optimal given that this treatment achieved the highest yield (14 686.26 kg ha-1) and water use efficiency (3.51 kg m-3) while maintaining relatively low global warming potential (573.30 kg CO2 eq ∙ ha-1) and GHG intensity (0.0390 kg CO2 eq ∙ kg-1). CONCLUSION Irrigation optimization and N management are key to reducing GHG emissions, enhancing yield, and promoting both the sustainable development of agriculture and environmental protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Qingjun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yulin, China
| | - Yu Wan
- Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yulin, China
| | - Xiaowen Dang
- Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yulin, China
| | - Jun Li
- Yulin Agricultural Technology Service Center, Yulin, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Tengfei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuemei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu F, Gao M, Zhang H, Yuan H, Zong R, Liu Z, Wei S, Li Q. Response of soil CO 2 emissions and water-carbon use efficiency of winter wheat to different straw returning methods and irrigation scenarios. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:2449-2457. [PMID: 37961839 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The shortage of water resources and the increase of greenhouse gas emissions from soil seriously restrict the sustainable development of agriculture. Under the premise of ensuring a stable yield of winter wheat through a reasonable irrigation scenario, identifying a suitable straw returning method will have a positive effect on agricultural carbon sequestration and emission reduction in North China Plain. RESULTS Straw burying (SR) and straw mulching (SM) were adopted based on traditional tillage under in the winter wheat growing season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. Three irrigation scenarios were used for each straw returning method: no irrigation (I0), irrigation 60 mm at jointing stage (I1), and irrigation of 60 mm each at the jointing and heading stages (I2). Soil moisture, soil respiration rate, cumulative soil CO2 emissions, yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and soil CO2 emission efficiency (CEE) were mainly studied. The results showed that, compared to SM, SR improved the utilization of soil water and enhanced soil carbon sequestration. SR reduced soil respiration rate and cumulative soil CO2 emissions in two winter wheat growing seasons, and increased yield by increasing spike numbers. In addition, with an increase in the amount of irrigation, soil CO2 emissions and yield increased. Under SR-I1 treatment, WUE and CEE were the highest. SR-I1 increases crop yields at the same time as reducing soil CO2 emissions. CONCLUSION The combination of SR and irrigation 60 mm at jointing stage is a suitable straw returning irrigation scenario, which can improve water use and reduce soil CO2 emission in NCP. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuying Liu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mingliang Gao
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Haoze Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Huabin Yuan
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Rui Zong
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Zhendong Liu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shiyu Wei
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Quanqi Li
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huo Y, Mi G, Zhu M, Chen S, Li J, Hao Z, Cai D, Zhang F. Carbon footprint of farming practices in farmland ecosystems on the North and Northeast China plains. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 354:120378. [PMID: 38350277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Fast development of farming practices in China is projected to result in additional carbon emissions and thus affect farmland ecosystems' environmental performance. Based on 454 farm surveys on the North and Northeast China Plain, the carbon footprint (CF) of two farmland ecosystems (irrigated system for wheat and maize on the North China Plain and rainfed system for maize on the Northeast Plain) were assessed and emission reduction pathways explored by quantifying greenhouse gas emissions of agricultural inputs and farm practices during the entire crop growing seasons with an agricultural footprint model. The results demonstrated that the GHG emissions from wheat and maize rotation in the irrigated system were 7.63 t CO2 eq ha-1 and 3.17 t CO2 eq ha-1 for single season maize in the rainfed system. While energy consumption accounted for 12.5%-21.3% of the carbon footprint in both systems, the group assessment found that the largest difference in GHG emissions between the high and low emission groups came from mechanical energy consumption. Approximately 50.6% and 39.2% of the mechanical carbon footprint of wheat and maize, respectively, were caused by irrigation practices in the irrigated system. Regarding the rainfed system, where 46.6% of mechanical carbon emissions were generated by maize tillage operations. In addition, scenario analysis indicated that the mechanical carbon footprint could be reduced to 56 kg CO2 eq t-1 for NCP-wheat and 26 kg CO2 eq t-1 for NCP-maize, respectively, by optimizing yields and irrigation practices in irrigated systems and that the mechanical carbon footprint of NEP-maize could be reduced to 25 kg CO2 eq t-1 by optimizing yields and tillage practices in rainfed systems. Therefore, improvement in mechanization in irrigation and tillage practices can contribute to reduce GHG emissions in China. Water-saving irrigation technology is recommended in irrigated area and conservation tillage is recommended in rainfed agricultural area to reduce carbon footprints.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuewen Huo
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guohua Mi
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengyang Zhu
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhanhong Hao
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongyu Cai
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fusuo Zhang
- National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang T, Quan W, Tian J, Li J, Feng P. Spatial and temporal variations of ecosystem water use efficiency and its response to soil moisture drought in a water-limited watershed of northern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120251. [PMID: 38422844 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Drought synchronously affects the water cycle and interferes with the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE), serving as a vital metric for assessing the interplay between water and carbon cycles, has found extensively use in exploring how ecosystems responses to drought. However, the effects of soil moisture drought on WUE are still poorly recognized. Taking Ziya River Basin as an example, the spatial-temporal variations of WUE from 2001 to 2020 were estimated by the Penman-Monteith-Leuning Version 2 (PML-V2) data. Based on the Standardized Soil Moisture Index (SSI) calculated from Soil Moisture of China by in situ data, version 1.0 (SMCI1.0) data, the sensitivity and thresholds of different vegetation WUE to drought magnitudes were investigated, and the influences of both lagged and cumulative effects of drought on WUE were further analyzed. Results showed that the annual mean WUE was 2.160 ± 0.975 g C kg-1 H2O-1 in the Ziya River Basin, with a significant increasing trend of 0.037 g C kg-1 H2O-1 yr-1 (p < 0.05). For all the vegetation types, the WUE reached the maximum value at a certain drought threshold (SSI = -1.5 ± 0.1). The dominant factor controlling WUE sensitivity to drought changed from evapotranspiration (ET) to gross primary production (GPP) when severe drought transformed into extreme drought. Significant lagged and cumulative effects were found in the response of WUE to drought in nearly 58.64 % (72.94 %) of the study area, with an average time scale of 6.65 and 2.11 months (p < 0.05) respectively. Drought resistance in descending order was: forest > shrub > grassland > cropland. Our findings enrich the understanding of the coupled carbon and water cycle processes in terrestrial ecosystems and their response to soil moisture drought in the context of global climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Wenjie Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiyang Tian
- China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China; Research Center on Flood & Drought Disaster Reduction, The Ministry of Water Resources of China, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Jianzhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ping Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|