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Ye S, Shang X, Ao L, Sun B, Chen X, Shen CH, Liu M, Lin F, Dong W, Sun X, Xiong Y, Deng B. Decoding Long-Chain Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters during the Distillation of Strong Aroma-Type Baijiu and Exploring the Adsorption Mechanism with Magnetic Nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39265547 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c05117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Simultaneous detection of the dynamic distribution of long-chain fatty acid ethyl esters (LCFAEEs) during Baijiu distillation is crucial for optimizing its flavor and health attributes. In this study, we synthesized a simple, cost-effective Fe3O4@NH2 adsorbent to simultaneously extract eight LCFAEEs from Baijiu. Through density functional theory and adsorption experiments, we elucidated 1,6-hexanediamine as a surface modifier, with the -NH2 groups providing adsorption sites for the LCFAEEs via hydrogen-bonding interactions and van der Waals forces. Additionally, we established the magnetic solid-phase extraction-GC-MS extraction technique combined with stable isotope dilution analysis to analyze LCFAEEs. This method revealed the dynamic distribution patterns of LCFAEEs during strong aroma-type Baijiu (SAB) distillation. We observed that the concentrations of the eight LCFAEEs gradually decreased with prolonged distillation and were significantly correlated with ethanol concentration. To ensure optimal flavor and clarity in SAB, it is recommended to select the heart-stage base Baijiu with an alcohol content of 58%-63%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Ye
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaolong Shang
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ling Ao
- Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoman Chen
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | | | - Miao Liu
- Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaotao Sun
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Nutrition and Health (Beijing Technology and Business University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100048, China
| | | | - Bo Deng
- Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China
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Zhang P, Liu Y, Li H, Hui M, Pan C. Strategies and Challenges of Microbiota Regulation in Baijiu Brewing. Foods 2024; 13:1954. [PMID: 38928896 PMCID: PMC11202514 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional Chinese Baijiu brewing process utilizes natural inoculation and open fermentation. The microbial composition and abundance in the microecology of Baijiu brewing often exhibit unstable characteristics, which directly results in fluctuations in Baijiu quality. The microbiota plays a crucial role in determining the quality of Baijiu. Analyzing the driving effect of technology and raw materials on microorganisms. Elucidating the source of core microorganisms and interactions between microorganisms, and finally utilizing single or multiple microorganisms to regulate and intensify the Baijiu fermentation process is an important way to achieve high efficiency and stability in the production of Baijiu. This paper provides a systematic review of the composition and sources of microbiota at different brewing stages. It also analyzes the relationship between raw materials, brewing processes, and brewing microbiota, as well as the steps involved in the implementation of brewing microbiota regulation strategies. In addition, this paper considers the feasibility of using Baijiu flavor as a guide for Baijiu brewing regulation by synthesizing the microbiota, and the challenges involved. This paper is a guide for flavor regulation and quality assurance of Baijiu and also suggests new research directions for regulatory strategies for other fermented foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Zhang
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Yanbo Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Haideng Li
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
| | - Ming Hui
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (P.Z.); (H.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Chunmei Pan
- College of Food and Biological Engineering (Liquor College), Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou 450046, China;
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Liu Z, Fan W, Xu Y. Synthesis and characterisation of K 2CO 3-activated carbon produced from distilled spent grains for the adsorption of CO 2. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:34726-34737. [PMID: 38714615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33584-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024]
Abstract
Activated carbon was prepared from distilled spent grains (DSG) using K2CO3 activation and chitosan modification. The effects of activator dosage, activation temperature, and the incorporation of chitosan as a nitrogen source on the adsorption performance were studied in this paper. The activated carbons were characterised by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas adsorption. Under the optimal conditions, the BET-specific surface area, total pore volume, and microporous volume of the activated carbon were as high as 1142 m2/g, 0.62 cm3/g, and 0.40 cm3/g, respectively. Chitosan was used as the nitrogen source, and surface modification was carried out concurrently with the K2CO3 activation process. The results revealed a carbon dioxide adsorption capacity of 5.2 mmol/g at 273.15 K and 1 bar without a nitrogen source, which increased to 5.76 mmol/g after chitosan modification. The isosteric heat of adsorption of CO2 all exceed 20 kJ/mol, hinting at the coexistence of both physisorption and chemisorption. The adsorption behaviour of the DSG-based activated carbon can be well-described by the Freundlich model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Liu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenlai Fan
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- Laboratory of Brewing Microbiology and Applied Enzymology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Ave, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
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Zheng Y, Ngo HH, Luo H, Wang R, Li C, Zhang C, Wang X. Production of cost-competitive bioethanol and value-added co-products from distillers' grains: Techno-economic evaluation and environmental impact analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 397:130470. [PMID: 38395236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Here, Baijiu distillers' grains (BDGs) were employed in biorefinery development to generate value-added co-products and bioethanol. Through ethyl acetate extraction at a 1:6 solid-liquid ratio for 10 h, significant results were achieved, including 100 % lactic acid and 92 % phenolics recovery. The remaining BDGs also achieved 99 % glucan recovery and 81 % glucan-to-glucose conversion. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of remaining BDGs at 30 % loading resulted in 78.5 g bioethanol/L with a yield of 94 %. The minimum selling price of bioethanol varies from $0.149-$0.836/kg, contingent on the co-product market prices. The biorefinery processing of one ton of BDGs caused a 60 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to that of the traditional production of 88 kg corn-lactic acid, 70 kg antioxidant phenolics, 234 kg soybean protein, and 225 kg corn-bioethanol, along with emissions from BDG landfilling. The biorefinery demonstrated a synergistic model of cost-effective bioethanol production and low-carbon emission BDGs treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Zheng
- Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564500, Guizhou Province, China; Guizhou Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploration in Fermentation industry, Kweichow Moutai Group, Zunyi 564501, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Han Luo
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploration in Fermentation industry, Kweichow Moutai Group, Zunyi 564501, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ruxue Wang
- Department of Resources and Environmental Science, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564500, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chun Li
- Baolu Green Technology (Chengdu) Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chaolong Zhang
- Baolu Green Technology (Chengdu) Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Xuliang Wang
- Guizhou Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources Exploration in Fermentation industry, Kweichow Moutai Group, Zunyi 564501, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; China Alcoholic Drinks Association, Beijing 100037, China.
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Liu Y, Li X, Qin H, Huang M, Liu S, Chang R, Xi B, Mao J, Zhang S. Obtaining non-digestible polysaccharides from distillers' grains of Chinese baijiu after extrusion with enhanced antioxidation capability. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:124799. [PMID: 37182635 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Distillers' grains of Chinese Baijiu (DGS) presents a significant challenge to the environmentally-friendly production of the brewing industry. This study utilized screw extrusion to modify the morphological and crystalline characteristics of DGS, resulting in a 316 % increase in the yield of non-digestible polysaccharides extraction. Physiochemical characteristics of extracted polysaccharides were variated, including infrared spectrum, monosaccharide composition, and molecular weight. Polysaccharides extracted from extruded DGS exhibited enhanced inhibitory capacity on α-amylase activity and starch hydrolyzation, as compared to those extracted from unextruded DGS. Additionally, the ABTS, DPPH, and OH radical scavenging efficiencies took a maximum increase of 1.20, 1.38, and 1.02-fold, correspondingly. Extrusion is a novel approach for the recycling non-digestible polysaccharides from DGS, augmenting the bioactivity of extracts and their potential application in functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhou Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiong Li
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Hui Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mengyang Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rui Chang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jian Mao
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China; National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Suyi Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou 646000, China.
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