1
|
Chen XX, Li C, Selvaraj KK, Ji QS, Fang ZH, Yang SG, Li SY, Zhang LM, He H. Correlation analysis between the in vivo bioavailability and in vitro bioaccessibility of nitro PAHs in soil: Application of simplified FOREhST in vitro methods based on the Chinese pharmacopoeia. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168722. [PMID: 38008317 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the relative bioavailability (RBA) of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs) in soil samples (n = 30) was assessed using an in vivo mouse model. Based on the correlation between the bioaccessibility data obtained from the Tenax improved traditional Fed ORganic Estimation human Simulation Test (FOREhST) in vitro method (TITF) and the bioavailability data obtained from in vivo experiments, the TITF method was further optimized and simplified by referring to the "Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China: Volume IV, 2020" to adjust the formulation and parameters of the gastrointestinal fluid (GIF) in order to establish a simpler and lower cost in vitro method for the determination of the bioaccessibilities of NPAHs. The dose-accumulation relationship of the in vivo experiment showed that the linear dose-response was better in adipose tissue (R2 = 0.77-0.93), and the accumulation of NPAHs in adipose tissue was higher than that in kidney or liver tissue. Depending on the mouse adipose model, the NPAHs-RBA ranged from 1.88 % to 73.92 %, and a strongly significant negative relationship (R2 = 0.94, p < 0.05) was found between the NPAHs-RBA and Log Kow. The simplified experiment of the TITF showed that the composition of the GIF medium had a significant effect on the bioaccessibilities of NPAHs. The NPAH bioaccessibilities measured by the Tenax improved simplified FOREhST method (TISF) (9.0-36.5 %) were higher than that of the traditional FOREhST method (6.8-22.8 %) but significantly lower than that of the TITF method (16.8-55.2 %). With an increase in the bile concentration in the GIF (from 6 to 10 g/L), the bioaccessibilities of NPAHs increased from 9.0 to 36.5 % to 12.9-42.4 %. The accuracies of the four in vitro methods for predicting the bioavailabilities of NPAHs was in the following order: Tenax improved simplified FOREhST method with increased bile concentration (TITF-IB) (R2 = 0.54-0.87) ≈ TITF (R2 = 0.55-0.85) > TISF (R2 = 0.41-0.77) > FOREhST (R2 = 0.02-0.68). These results indicated that the simple in vitro method could also effectively predict the bioavailabilities of NPAHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Xian Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Krishna Kumar Selvaraj
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qing-Song Ji
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Fang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shao-Gui Yang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shi-Yin Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; Green Economy Development Institute, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Environmental Risk Prevention and Emergency Response Technology, Nanjing 210023, China; College of Ecological and Resource Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li C, Xu S, Guan DX, Chen X, He H. Comparison of in vitro strategies for predicting Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites bioavailability from soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114885. [PMID: 37030050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro strategies have widely been used to assess bioaccessibility of organic pollutants in soils. However, studies for comparing in vitro models with in vivo data are still limited. In this study, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (called as DDTr) bioaccessibility in nine contaminated soils were measured using physiologically based extraction test (PBET), in vitro digestion model (IVD), and Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) with/without Tenax as an absorptive sink, and DDTr bioavailability was assessed using an in vivo mouse model. Whether or not Tenax was added, DDTr bioaccessibility significantly varied among three methods, suggesting that DDTr bioaccessibility depended on the in vitro method employed. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that sink, intestinal incubation time and bile content are identified to be the dominant factors in controlling DDTr bioaccessibility. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo results demonstrated that DIN assay with Tenax (TI-DIN) provided the best prediction for DDTr bioavailability (r2 = 0.66, slope=0.78). After extending intestinal incubation time to 6 h or increasing bile content to 4.5 g/L (same to DIN assay) of the TI-PBET and TI-IVD assays, the in vivo-in vitro correlation will improved significantly, with r2 = 0.76 and slope= 1.4 for TI-PBET and r2 = 0.84 and slope= 1.9 for TI-IVD under 6 h intestinal incubation, and r2 = 0.59 and slope= 0.96 for TI-PBET and r2 = 0.51 and slope= 1.0 for TI-IVD under 4.5 g/L of bile content. The results suggest that it is essential to understand these key factors influencing bioaccessibility for the development of standardized in vitro methods, which helps to refine the risk assessment of human exposure to contaminants via soil ingestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China; School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shen Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Dong-Xing Guan
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xianxian Chen
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huan He
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|