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Vogel E, Neyra M, Larsen DA, Zeng T. Target and Nontarget Screening to Support Capacity Scaling for Substance Use Assessment through a Statewide Wastewater Surveillance Network in New York. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8518-8530. [PMID: 38693060 PMCID: PMC11097395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c01251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been widely implemented around the world as a complementary tool to conventional surveillance techniques to inform and improve public health responses. Currently, wastewater surveillance programs in the U.S. are evaluating integrated approaches to address public health challenges across multiple domains, including substance abuse. In this work, we demonstrated the potential of online solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry to support targeted quantification and nontargeted analysis of psychoactive and lifestyle substances as a step toward understanding the operational feasibility of a statewide wastewater surveillance program for substance use assessment in New York. Target screening confirmed 39 substances in influent samples collected from 10 wastewater treatment plants with varying sewershed characteristics and is anticipated to meet the throughput demands as the statewide program scales up to full capacity. Nontarget screening prioritized additional compounds for identification at three confidence levels, including psychoactive substances, such as opioid analgesics, phenethylamines, and cathinone derivatives. Consumption rates of 12 target substances detected in over 80% of wastewater samples were similar to those reported by previous U.S.-based WBE studies despite the uncertainty associated with back-calculations. For selected substances, the relative bias in consumption estimates was sensitive to variations in monitoring frequency, and factors beyond human excretion (e.g., as indicated by the parent-to-metabolite ratios) might also contribute to their prevalence at the sewershed scale. Overall, our study marks the initial phase of refining analytical workflows and data interpretation in preparation for the incorporation of substance use assessment into the statewide wastewater surveillance program in New York.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily
J. Vogel
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Milagros Neyra
- Department
of Public Health, Syracuse University, 444 White Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - David A. Larsen
- Department
of Public Health, Syracuse University, 444 White Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Teng Zeng
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Syracuse University, 151 Link Hall, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
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Zhuang X, Moshi MA, Quinones O, Trenholm RA, Chang CL, Cordes D, Vanderford BJ, Vo V, Gerrity D, Oh EC. Spatial and Temporal Drug Usage Patterns in Wastewater Correlate with Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators in Southern Nevada. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.02.24302241. [PMID: 38352613 PMCID: PMC10863018 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.02.24302241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Evaluating drug use within populations in the United States poses significant challenges due to various social, ethical, and legal constraints, often impeding the collection of accurate and timely data. Here, we aimed to overcome these barriers by conducting a comprehensive analysis of drug consumption trends and measuring their association with socioeconomic and demographic factors. From May 2022 to April 2023, we analyzed 208 wastewater samples from eight sampling locations across six wastewater treatment plants in Southern Nevada, covering a population of 2.4 million residents with 50 million annual tourists. Using bi-weekly influent wastewater samples, we employed mass spectrometry to detect 39 analytes, including pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and high risk substances (HRS). Our results revealed a significant increase over time in the level of stimulants such as cocaine (pFDR=1.40×10-10) and opioids, particularly norfentanyl (pFDR =1.66×10-12), while PPCPs exhibited seasonal variation such as peak usage of DEET, an active ingredient in insect repellents, during the summer (pFDR =0.05). Wastewater from socioeconomically disadvantaged or rural areas, as determined by Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes (RUCA) scores, demonstrated distinct overall usage patterns, such as higher usage/concentration of HRS, including cocaine (p=0.05) and norfentanyl (p=1.64×10-5). Our approach offers a near real-time, comprehensive tool to assess drug consumption and personal care product usage at a community level, linking wastewater patterns to socioeconomic and demographic factors. This approach has the potential to significantly enhance public health monitoring strategies in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhuang
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, College of Sciences, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
- Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Ph.D. program, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Michael A. Moshi
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, College of Sciences, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
- Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Ph.D. program, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Oscar Quinones
- Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas NV, 89193, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Trenholm
- Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas NV, 89193, USA
| | - Ching-Lan Chang
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, College of Sciences, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
- Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Ph.D. program, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Dietmar Cordes
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Brett J. Vanderford
- Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas NV, 89193, USA
| | - Van Vo
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, College of Sciences, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
| | - Daniel Gerrity
- Applied Research and Development Center, Southern Nevada Water Authority, P.O. Box 99954, Las Vegas NV, 89193, USA
| | - Edwin C. Oh
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Precision Medicine, College of Sciences, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
- Neuroscience Interdisciplinary Ph.D. program, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
- Department of Brain Health, Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV 89154
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