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Vojnits K, Nakanishi M, Porras D, Kim Y, Feng Z, Golubeva D, Bhatia M. Developing CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Fluorescent Reporter Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell Lines for High-Content Screening. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27082434. [PMID: 35458632 PMCID: PMC9025795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock in fluorescent proteins to endogenous genes of interest in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has the potential to facilitate hPSC-based disease modeling, drug screening, and optimization of transplantation therapy. To evaluate the capability of fluorescent reporter hPSC lines for high-content screening approaches, we targeted EGFP to the endogenous OCT4 locus. Resulting hPSC–OCT4–EGFP lines generated expressed EGFP coincident with pluripotency markers and could be adapted to multi-well formats for high-content screening (HCS) campaigns. However, after long-term culture, hPSCs transiently lost their EGFP expression. Alternatively, through EGFP knock-in to the AAVS1 locus, we established a stable and consistent EGFP-expressing hPSC–AAVS1–EGFP line that maintained EGFP expression during in vitro hematopoietic and neural differentiation. Thus, hPSC–AAVS1–EGFP-derived sensory neurons could be adapted to a high-content screening platform that can be applied to high-throughput small-molecule screening and drug discovery campaigns. Our observations are consistent with recent findings indicating that high-frequency on-target complexities appear following CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing at the OCT4 locus. In contrast, we demonstrate that the AAVS1 locus is a safe genomic location in hPSCs with high gene expression that does not impact hPSC quality and differentiation. Our findings suggest that the CRISPR/Cas9-integrated AAVS1 system should be applied for generating stable reporter hPSC lines for long-term HCS approaches, and they underscore the importance of careful evaluation and selection of the applied reporter cell lines for HCS purposes.
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Klementieva N, Goliusova D, Krupinova J, Yanvarev V, Panova A, Mokrysheva N, Kiselev SL. A Novel Isogenic Human Cell-Based System for MEN1 Syndrome Generated by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112054. [PMID: 34769484 PMCID: PMC8584395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare tumor syndrome that manifests differently among various patients. Despite the mutations in the MEN1 gene that commonly predispose tumor development, there are no obvious phenotype-genotype correlations. The existing animal and in vitro models do not allow for studies of the molecular genetics of the disease in a human-specific context. We aimed to create a new human cell-based model, which would consider the variability in genetic or environmental factors that cause the complexity of MEN1 syndrome. Here, we generated patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell lines carrying the mutation c.1252G>T, D418Y in the MEN1 gene. To reduce the genetically determined variability of the existing cellular models, we created an isogenic cell system by modifying the target allele through CRISPR/Cas9 editing with great specificity and efficiency. The high potential of these cell lines to differentiate into the endodermal lineage in defined conditions ensures the next steps in the development of more specialized cells that are commonly affected in MEN1 patients, such as parathyroid or pancreatic islet cells. We anticipate that this isogenic system will be broadly useful to comprehensively study MEN1 gene function across different contexts, including in vitro modeling of MEN1 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Klementieva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (J.K.); (A.P.); (N.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (S.L.K.)
| | - Daria Goliusova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (V.Y.)
| | - Julia Krupinova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (J.K.); (A.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Vladislav Yanvarev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (V.Y.)
| | - Alexandra Panova
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (J.K.); (A.P.); (N.M.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (V.Y.)
| | - Natalia Mokrysheva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (J.K.); (A.P.); (N.M.)
| | - Sergey L. Kiselev
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (J.K.); (A.P.); (N.M.)
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (D.G.); (V.Y.)
- Correspondence: (N.K.); (S.L.K.)
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De Masi C, Spitalieri P, Murdocca M, Novelli G, Sangiuolo F. Application of CRISPR/Cas9 to human-induced pluripotent stem cells: from gene editing to drug discovery. Hum Genomics 2020; 14:25. [PMID: 32591003 PMCID: PMC7318728 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-020-00276-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system represent two instruments of basic and translational research, which both allow to acquire deep insight about the molecular bases of many diseases but also to develop pharmacological research.This review is focused to draw up the latest technique of gene editing applied on hiPSCs, exploiting some of the genetic manipulation directed to the discovery of innovative therapeutic strategies. There are many expediencies provided by the use of hiPSCs, which can represent a disease model clinically relevant and predictive, with a great potential if associated to CRISPR/Cas9 technology, a gene editing tool powered by ease and precision never seen before.Here, we describe the possible applications of CRISPR/Cas9 to hiPSCs: from drug development to drug screening and from gene therapy to the induction of the immunological response to specific virus infection, such as HIV and SARS-Cov-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia De Masi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Spitalieri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Murdocca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Novelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Sangiuolo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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4
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Efficient Generation and Correction of Mutations in Human iPS Cells Utilizing mRNAs of CRISPR Base Editors and Prime Editors. Genes (Basel) 2020. [PMID: 32384610 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050511.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases, CRISPR base editors (BE) and prime editors (PE) enable predefined nucleotide exchanges in genomic sequences without generating DNA double strand breaks. Here, we employed BE and PE mRNAs in conjunction with chemically synthesized sgRNAs and pegRNAs for efficient editing of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Whereas we were unable to correct a disease-causing mutation in patient derived iPSCs using a CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease approach, we corrected the mutation back to wild type with high efficiency utilizing an adenine BE. We also used adenine and cytosine BEs to introduce nine different cancer associated TP53 mutations into human iPSCs with up to 90% efficiency, generating a panel of cell lines to investigate the biology of these mutations in an isogenic background. Finally, we pioneered the use of prime editing in human iPSCs, opening this important cell type for the precise modification of nucleotides not addressable by BEs and to multiple nucleotide exchanges. These approaches eliminate the necessity of deriving disease specific iPSCs from human donors and allows the comparison of different disease-causing mutations in isogenic genetic backgrounds.
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Sürün D, Schneider A, Mircetic J, Neumann K, Lansing F, Paszkowski-Rogacz M, Hänchen V, Lee-Kirsch MA, Buchholz F. Efficient Generation and Correction of Mutations in Human iPS Cells Utilizing mRNAs of CRISPR Base Editors and Prime Editors. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E511. [PMID: 32384610 PMCID: PMC7288465 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In contrast to CRISPR/Cas9 nucleases, CRISPR base editors (BE) and prime editors (PE) enable predefined nucleotide exchanges in genomic sequences without generating DNA double strand breaks. Here, we employed BE and PE mRNAs in conjunction with chemically synthesized sgRNAs and pegRNAs for efficient editing of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Whereas we were unable to correct a disease-causing mutation in patient derived iPSCs using a CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease approach, we corrected the mutation back to wild type with high efficiency utilizing an adenine BE. We also used adenine and cytosine BEs to introduce nine different cancer associated TP53 mutations into human iPSCs with up to 90% efficiency, generating a panel of cell lines to investigate the biology of these mutations in an isogenic background. Finally, we pioneered the use of prime editing in human iPSCs, opening this important cell type for the precise modification of nucleotides not addressable by BEs and to multiple nucleotide exchanges. These approaches eliminate the necessity of deriving disease specific iPSCs from human donors and allows the comparison of different disease-causing mutations in isogenic genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duran Sürün
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Aksana Schneider
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Jovan Mircetic
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden (NCT/UCC), Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katrin Neumann
- Stem Cell Engineering Facility, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Felix Lansing
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Maciej Paszkowski-Rogacz
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
| | - Vanessa Hänchen
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.H.); (M.A.L.-K.)
| | - Min Ae Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (V.H.); (M.A.L.-K.)
| | - Frank Buchholz
- Medical Systems Biology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (D.S.); (A.S.); (J.M.); (F.L.); (M.P.-R.)
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Xiang X, Luo L, Nodzyński M, Li C, Han P, Dou H, Petersen TS, Liang X, Pan X, Qu K, Yang L, Dang Y, Liu X, Bolund L, Zhang X, Tong G, Xing Y, Luo Y, Lin L. LION: a simple and rapid method to achieve CRISPR gene editing. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2633-2645. [PMID: 30887099 PMCID: PMC11105434 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03064-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-guided CRISPR-Cas9 technology has paved the way for rapid and cost-effective gene editing. However, there is still a great need for effective methods for rapid generation and validation of CRISPR/Cas9 gRNAs. Previously, we have demonstrated that highly efficient generation of multiplexed CRISPR guide RNA (gRNA) expression array can be achieved with Golden Gate Assembly (GGA). Here, we present an optimized and rapid method for generation and validation in less than 1 day of CRISPR gene targeting vectors. The method (LION) is based on ligation of double-stranded gRNA oligos into CRISPR vectors with GGA followed by nucleic acid purification. Using a dual-fluorescent reporter vector (C-Check), T7E1 assay, TIDE assay and a traffic light reporter assay, we proved that the LION-based generation of CRISPR vectors are functionally active, and equivalent to CRISPR plasmids generated by traditional methods. We also tested the activity of LION CRISPR vectors in different human cell types. The LION method presented here advances the rapid functional validation and application of CRISPR system for gene editing and simplified the CRISPR gene-editing procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xiang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Lidan Luo
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Michał Nodzyński
- Department of General Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Conghui Li
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Peng Han
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Hongwei Dou
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | | | - Xue Liang
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Xiaoguang Pan
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Kunli Qu
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yonghui Dang
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- College of Forensics and Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Centre, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Lars Bolund
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of General Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- BGI Education Center, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
- Department of General Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Guangdong Tong
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Yufeng Xing
- Department of Liver Disease, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, 518033, China.
| | - Yonglun Luo
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- Lars Bolund Institute of Regenerative Medicine, BGI-Qingdao, BGI-Shenzhen, Qingdao, 266555, China.
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Yang Y, Wang Q, Li Q, Men K, He Z, Deng H, Ji W, Wei Y. Recent Advances in Therapeutic Genome Editing in China. Hum Gene Ther 2019; 29:136-145. [PMID: 29446996 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Editing of the genome to correct disease-causing mutations is a promising approach for the treatment of human diseases. Recent advances in the development of programmable nuclease-based genome editing tools have substantially improved the ability to make precise changes in the human genome. Genome editing technologies are already being used to correct genetic mutations in affected tissues and cells to treat diseases that are refractory to traditional gene therapies. Chinese scientists have made remarkable breakthroughs in the field of therapeutic genome editing, particularly with the first clinical trial involving the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-caspase 9 system that began in China. Herein, current progress toward developing programmable nuclease-based gene therapies is introduced, as well as future prospects and challenges in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Qingnan Wang
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Li
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Men
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyao He
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Hongxin Deng
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
| | - Weizhi Ji
- 3 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedicine Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming, China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- 1 State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center , Chengdu, China
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Foltz LP, Clegg DO. Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells for modelling genetic retinal dystrophies. Prog Retin Eye Res 2018; 68:54-66. [PMID: 30217765 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The human retina is a highly complex tissue that makes up an integral part of our central nervous system. It is astonishing that our retina works seamlessly to provide one of our most critical senses, and it is equally devastating when a disease destroys a portion of the retina and robs people of their vision. After decades of research, scientists are beginning to understand retinal cells in a way that can benefit the millions of individuals suffering from inherited blindness. This understanding has come about in part with the ability to culture human embryonic stem cells and the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells, which can be cultured from patients and used to model their disease. In this review, we highlight the successes of specific disease modelling studies and resulting molecular discoveries. The greatest strides in cellular modelling have come from mutations in genes with established and well-understood cellular functions in the context of the retina. We believe that the future of cellular modelling depends on emphasising reproducible production of retinal cell types, demonstrating functional rescue using site-specific programmable nucleases, and shifting towards unbiased screening using next generation sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah P Foltz
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Dennis O Clegg
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology and Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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9
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Zhang C, Quan R, Wang J. Development and application of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies in genomic editing. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:R79-R88. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cui Zhang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Renfu Quan
- Institute of Orthopedics, Xiaoshan Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinfu Wang
- Institute of Cell and Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, P.R. China
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10
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gao F, Han S, Cheah KS, Tse HF, Lian Q. CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System in Human Stem Cells: Current Status and Future Prospects. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:230-241. [PMID: 29246302 PMCID: PMC5651489 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-editing involves the insertion, deletion, or replacement of DNA in the genome of a living organism using “molecular scissors.” Traditional genome editing with engineered nucleases for human stem cells is limited by its low efficiency, high cost, and poor specificity. The CRISPR system has recently emerged as a powerful gene manipulation technique with advantages of high editing efficiency and low cost. Although this technique offers huge potential for gene manipulation in various organisms ranging from prokaryotes to higher mammals, there remain many challenges in human stem cell research. In this review, we highlight the basic biology and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in current human stem cell research, discuss its advantages and challenges, and debate the future prospects for human stem cells in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn S Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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