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Wu H, Wang Y, Li J, Qin Y, Chen M, Shen Z, Dong F, Cui X, Liu L, Xu Z, Gao F. cTAGE5 is involved in the assembly of Golgi ring in mouse primordial follicle. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00652-2. [PMID: 39358110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yaqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhiming Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fangfang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiuhong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Zhiheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Divyanshi, Yang J. Germ plasm dynamics during oogenesis and early embryonic development in Xenopus and zebrafish. Mol Reprod Dev 2024; 91:e23718. [PMID: 38126950 PMCID: PMC11190040 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Specification of the germline and its segregation from the soma mark one of the most crucial events in the lifetime of an organism. In different organisms, this specification can occur through either inheritance or inductive mechanisms. In species such as Xenopus and zebrafish, the specification of primordial germ cells relies on the inheritance of maternal germline determinants that are synthesized and sequestered in the germ plasm during oogenesis. In this review, we discuss the formation of the germ plasm, how germline determinants are recruited into the germ plasm during oogenesis, and the dynamics of the germ plasm during oogenesis and early embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyanshi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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Marques-Neto JC, de Lima GM, Maciel CMT, Maciel BR, Abrunhosa FA, Sampaio I, Maciel CR. In silico prospecting of the mtDNA of Macrobrachium amazonicum from transcriptome data. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:677. [PMID: 37950193 PMCID: PMC10637016 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09770-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrobrachium amazonicum is a freshwater prawn widely distributed in South America that is undergoing speciation, so the denomination "M. amazonicum complex" is used for it. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene has been used to elucidate this speciation, but heteroplasmies and pseudogenes have been recorded, making separation difficult. Obtaining genes from cDNA (RNA) rather than genomic DNA is an effective tool to mitigate those two types of occurrences. The aim of this study was to assemble in silico the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the Amazonian coastal population of M. amazonicum inhabiting the state of Pará. RESULTS Sequences were obtained from the prawn's transcriptome using the de novo approach. Six libraries of cDNA from the androgen gland, hepatopancreas, and muscle tissue were used. The mtDNA of M. amazonicum was 14,960 bp in length. It contained 13 protein-coding genes, 21 complete transfer RNAs, and the 12S and 16S subunits of ribosomal RNA. All regions were found on the light strand except tRNAGln, which was on the heavy strand. The control region (D-loop) was not recovered, making for a gap of 793 bp. The cladogram showed the formation of the well-defined Macrobrachium clade, with high support value in the established branches (91-100). The three-dimensional spatial conformation of the mtDNA-encoded proteins showed that most of them were mainly composed of major α-helices that typically shows in those proteins inserted in the membrane (mitochondrial). CONCLUSIONS It was possible to assemble a large part of the mitochondrial genome of M. amazonicum in silico using data from other genomes deposited in GenBank and to validate it through the similarities between its COI and 16S genes and those from animals of the same region deposited in GenBank. Depositing the M. amazonicum mtDNA sequences in GenBank may help solve the taxonomic problems recorded for the species, in addition to providing complete sequences of candidate coding genes for use as biomarkers in ecological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerônimo Costa Marques-Neto
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Coastal Studies Institute, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Monteiro de Lima
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Coastal Studies Institute, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Murilo Tenório Maciel
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Coastal Studies Institute, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil
- Coastal Studies Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Aquaculture/BioDatta, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ramalho Maciel
- Coastal Studies Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Aquaculture/BioDatta, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Fernando Araujo Abrunhosa
- Coastal Studies Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Carcinology, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- Coastal Studies Institute, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Ramalho Maciel
- Laboratory of Aquaculture, Coastal Studies Institute, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil.
- Coastal Studies Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Aquaculture/BioDatta, Federal University of Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro S/N, Aldeia, Bragança, Pará, CEP: 68600-000, Brazil.
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Zhang W, Wu F. Effects of adverse fertility-related factors on mitochondrial DNA in the oocyte: a comprehensive review. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2023; 21:27. [PMID: 36932444 PMCID: PMC10021953 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-023-01078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline of oocyte quality has profound impacts on fertilization, implantation, embryonic development, and the genetic quality of future generations. One factor that is often ignored but is involved in the decline of oocyte quality is mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) abnormalities. Abnormalities in mtDNA affect the energy production of mitochondria, the dynamic balance of the mitochondrial network, and the pathogenesis of mtDNA diseases in offspring. In this review, we have detailed the characteristics of mtDNA in oocytes and the maternal inheritance of mtDNA. Next, we summarized the mtDNA abnormalities in oocytes derived from aging, diabetes, obesity, and assisted reproductive technology (ART) in an attempt to further elucidate the possible mechanisms underlying the decline in oocyte health. Because multiple infertility factors are often involved when an individual is infertile, a comprehensive understanding of the individual effects of each infertility-related factor on mtDNA is necessary. Herein, we consider the influence of infertility-related factors on the mtDNA of the oocyte as a collective perspective for the first time, providing a supplementary angle and reference for multi-directional improvement strategies of oocyte quality in the future. In addition, we highlight the importance of studying ART-derived mitochondrial abnormalities during every ART procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenying Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fuju Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Li J, Cullis C. Comparative analysis of 84 chloroplast genomes of Tylosema esculentum reveals two distinct cytotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1025408. [PMID: 36798803 PMCID: PMC9927231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1025408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Tylosema esculentum (marama bean) is an important orphan legume from southern Africa that has long been considered to have the potential to be domesticated as a crop. The chloroplast genomes of 84 marama samples collected from various geographical locations in Namibia and Pretoria were compared in this study. The cp genomes were analyzed for diversity, including SNPs, indels, structural alterations, and heteroplasmy. The marama cp genomes ranged in length from 161,537 bp to 161,580 bp and contained the same sets of genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. The genes rpoC2 and rpoB, and the intergenic spacers trnT-trnL and ndhG-ndhI were found to be more diverse than other regions of the marama plastome. 15 haplotypes were found to be divided into two groups, differing at 122 loci and at a 230 bp inversion. One type appears to have greater variability within the major genome present, and variations amongst individuals with this type of chloroplast genome seems to be distributed within specific geographic regions but with very limited sampling for some regions. However, deep sequencing has identified that within most of the individuals, both types of chloroplast genomes are present, albeit one is generally at a very low frequency. The inheritance of this complex of chloroplast genomes appears to be fairly constant, providing a conundrum of how the two genomes co-exist and are propagated through generations. The possible consequences for adaptation to the harsh environment in which T. esculentum survives are considered. The results pave the way for marama variety identification, as well as for understanding the origin and evolution of the bean.
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Piccinini G, Iannello M, Puccio G, Plazzi F, Havird JC, Ghiselli F. Mitonuclear Coevolution, but not Nuclear Compensation, Drives Evolution of OXPHOS Complexes in Bivalves. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:2597-2614. [PMID: 33616640 PMCID: PMC8136519 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Metazoa, four out of five complexes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) are formed by subunits encoded by both the mitochondrial (mtDNA) and nuclear (nuDNA) genomes, leading to the expectation of mitonuclear coevolution. Previous studies have supported coadaptation of mitochondria-encoded (mtOXPHOS) and nuclear-encoded OXPHOS (nuOXPHOS) subunits, often specifically interpreted with regard to the “nuclear compensation hypothesis,” a specific form of mitonuclear coevolution where nuclear genes compensate for deleterious mitochondrial mutations due to less efficient mitochondrial selection. In this study, we analyzed patterns of sequence evolution of 79 OXPHOS subunits in 31 bivalve species, a taxon showing extraordinary mtDNA variability and including species with “doubly uniparental” mtDNA inheritance. Our data showed strong and clear signals of mitonuclear coevolution. NuOXPHOS subunits had concordant topologies with mtOXPHOS subunits, contrary to previous phylogenies based on nuclear genes lacking mt interactions. Evolutionary rates between mt and nuOXPHOS subunits were also highly correlated compared with non-OXPHO-interacting nuclear genes. Nuclear subunits of chimeric OXPHOS complexes (I, III, IV, and V) also had higher dN/dS ratios than Complex II, which is formed exclusively by nuDNA-encoded subunits. However, we did not find evidence of nuclear compensation: mitochondria-encoded subunits showed similar dN/dS ratios compared with nuclear-encoded subunits, contrary to most previously studied bilaterian animals. Moreover, no site-specific signals of compensatory positive selection were detected in nuOXPHOS genes. Our analyses extend the evidence for mitonuclear coevolution to a new taxonomic group, but we propose a reconsideration of the nuclear compensation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piccinini
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mariangela Iannello
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Puccio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federico Plazzi
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Justin C Havird
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Fabrizio Ghiselli
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Li H, Uittenbogaard M, Hao L, Chiaramello A. Clinical Insights into Mitochondrial Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Their Biosignatures from Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics. Metabolites 2021; 11:233. [PMID: 33920115 PMCID: PMC8070181 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic multitask organelles that function as hubs for many metabolic pathways. They produce most ATP via the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, a critical pathway that the brain relies on its energy need associated with its numerous functions, such as synaptic homeostasis and plasticity. Therefore, mitochondrial dysfunction is a prevalent pathological hallmark of many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders resulting in altered neurometabolic coupling. With the advent of mass spectrometry (MS) technology, MS-based metabolomics provides an emerging mechanistic understanding of their global and dynamic metabolic signatures. In this review, we discuss the pathogenetic causes of mitochondrial metabolic disorders and the recent MS-based metabolomic advances on their metabolomic remodeling. We conclude by exploring the MS-based metabolomic functional insights into their biosignatures to improve diagnostic platforms, stratify patients, and design novel targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haorong Li
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Martine Uittenbogaard
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W. Ross Hall 111, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall 4000, 800 22nd St., NW, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Anne Chiaramello
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, 2300 I Street N.W. Ross Hall 111, Washington, DC 20037, USA;
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Govers LP, Toka HR, Hariri A, Walsh SB, Bockenhauer D. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in renal disease: an overview. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:9-17. [PMID: 31925537 PMCID: PMC7701126 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kidneys have a high energy demand to facilitate the reabsorption of the glomerular filtrate. For this reason, renal cells have a high density of mitochondria. Mitochondrial cytopathies can be the result of a mutation in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to a variety of renal manifestations. Examples of tubular manifestations are renal Fanconi Syndrome, which is often found in patients diagnosed with Kearns-Sayre and Pearson's marrow-pancreas syndrome, and distal tubulopathies, which result in electrolyte disturbances such as hypomagnesemia. Nephrotic syndrome can be a glomerular manifestation of mitochondrial dysfunction and is typically associated with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis on histology. Tubulointerstitial nephritis can also be seen in mitochondrial cytopathies and may lead to end-stage renal disease. The underlying mechanisms of these cytopathies remain incompletely understood; therefore, current therapies focus mainly on symptom relief. A better understanding of the molecular disease mechanisms is critical in order to improve treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa P Govers
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hakan R Toka
- Manatee Kidney Diseases Consultants, Bradenton, USA
| | - Ali Hariri
- Clinical Development, Sanofi Rare Disease, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
- Renal Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK.
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9
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Rubeis G, Steger F. Ethische und konzeptuelle Aspekte des Mitochondrien-Transfers („Drei-Eltern-Kind“). Ethik Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00481-019-00523-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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10
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Bilinski SM, Jaglarz MK, Tworzydlo W. Organelle assemblages implicated in the transfer of oocyte components to the embryo: an insect perspective. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 31:1-7. [PMID: 31109662 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Besides reserve materials (yolk spheres, lipid droplets), ribosomes and various mRNA species, insect oocytes contain large easily morphologically recognizable organelle assemblages: the Balbiani body and the oosome (pole plasm). These assemblages are implicated in the transfer of oocyte components (mitochondria, polar granules) to the embryo that is to offspring. Here, we review present knowledge of morphology, morphogenesis, molecular composition and function/s of these assemblages. We discuss also the morphogenesis and presumed function of unconventional organelle assemblages, dormant stacks of endoplasmic reticulum, recently described in the oocytes and early embryos of a viviparous dermapteran, Hemimerus talpoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan M Bilinski
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Mariusz K Jaglarz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Jamieson-Lucy A, Mullins MC. The vertebrate Balbiani body, germ plasm, and oocyte polarity. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 135:1-34. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Poulton J, Finsterer J, Yu-Wai-Man P. Genetic Counselling for Maternally Inherited Mitochondrial Disorders. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 21:419-429. [PMID: 28536827 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-017-0279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this review was to provide an evidence-based approach to frequently asked questions relating to the risk of transmitting a maternally inherited mitochondrial disorder (MID). We do not address disorders linked with disturbed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance, causing mtDNA depletion or multiple mtDNA deletions, as these are autosomally inherited. The review addresses questions regarding prognosis, recurrence risks and the strategies available to prevent disease transmission. The clinical and genetic complexity of maternally inherited MIDs represent a major challenge for patients, their relatives and health professionals. Since many of the genetic and pathophysiological aspects of MIDs remain unknown, counselling of affected patients and at-risk family members remains difficult. MtDNA mutations are maternally transmitted or, more rarely, they are sporadic, occurring de novo (~25%). Females carrying homoplasmic mtDNA mutations will transmit the mutant species to all of their offspring, who may or may not exhibit a similar phenotype depending on modifying, secondary factors. Females carrying heteroplasmic mtDNA mutations will transmit a variable amount of mutant mtDNA to their offspring, which can result in considerable phenotypic heterogeneity among siblings. The majority of mtDNA rearrangements, such as single large-scale deletions, are sporadic, but there is a small risk of recurrence (~4%) among the offspring of affected women. The range and suitability of reproductive choices for prospective mothers is a complex area of mitochondrial medicine that needs to be managed by experienced healthcare professionals as part of a multidisciplinary team. Genetic counselling is facilitated by the identification of the underlying causative genetic defect. To provide more precise genetic counselling, further research is needed to clarify the secondary factors that account for the variable penetrance and the often marked differential expressivity of pathogenic mtDNA mutations both within and between families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Poulton
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Postfach 20, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Patrick Yu-Wai-Man
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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13
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Complete elimination of a pathogenic homoplasmic mtDNA mutation in one generation. Mitochondrion 2018; 45:18-21. [PMID: 29408632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been implicated in a wide variety of neurological conditions and are maternally inherited through a complex process which is not fully understood. Genetic counselling for mitochondrial conditions secondary to a mtDNA mutation can be challenging as it is not currently possible to accurately predict the mutational load/heteroplasmy of the mutation which could be passed to the offspring. In general, one expects that the higher the level of heteroplasmy the more likely that the same mtDNA mutation will be seen in the offspring. We report here a family which places a caveat on genetic counselling for mtDNA disorders. The proband is a 63 year old woman with m.14459G>A associated dystonia/spasticity/ataxia. The m.14459G>A mutation was detected at homoplasmic/near homoplasmic levels in her muscle tissue and fibroblasts, but did not appear to have been passed on to any of her offspring. To our knowledge, this is the first report of complete selection against a homoplasmic variant within maternally transmitted mtDNA. It is not clear if this novel phenomenon occurred by random chance or by another method of mitochondrial selection.
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14
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Bilinski SM, Kloc M, Tworzydlo W. Selection of mitochondria in female germline cells: is Balbiani body implicated in this process? J Assist Reprod Genet 2017; 34:1405-1412. [PMID: 28755153 PMCID: PMC5699987 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-017-1006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early oocytes of nearly all animal species contain a transient organelle assemblage termed the Balbiani body. Structure and composition of this assemblage may vary even between closely related species. Despite this variability, the Balbiani body always comprises of numerous tightly clustered mitochondria and accumulations of nuage material. It has been suggested that the Balbiani body is an evolutionarily ancestral structure, which plays a role in various processes such as the localization of organelles and macromolecules to the germ plasm, lipidogenesis, as well as the selection/elimination of dysfunctional mitochondria from female germline cells. We suggest that the selection/elimination of mitochondria is a primary and evolutionarily ancestral function of Balbiani body, and that the other functions are secondary, evolutionarily derived additions. We propose a simple model explaining the role of the Balbiani body in the selection of mitochondria, i.e., in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) bottleneck phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan M Bilinski
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute and The Houston Methodist Hospital, 6670 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Waclaw Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
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