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Chowdhury MM, Zimmerman S, Leeson H, Nefzger CM, Mar JC, Laslett A, Polo JM, Wolvetang E, Cooper-White JJ. Superior Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation through Phactr3-Driven Mechanomodulation of Both Early and Late Phases of Cell Reprogramming. Biomater Res 2024; 28:0025. [PMID: 38774128 PMCID: PMC11106629 DOI: 10.34133/bmr.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cell reprogramming traditionally involves time-intensive, multistage, costly tissue culture polystyrene-based cell culture practices that ultimately produce low numbers of reprogrammed cells of variable quality. Previous studies have shown that very soft 2- and 3-dimensional hydrogel substrates/matrices (of stiffnesses ≤ 1 kPa) can drive ~2× improvements in human cell reprogramming outcomes. Unfortunately, these similarly complex multistage protocols lack intrinsic scalability, and, furthermore, the associated underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, limiting the potential to further maximize reprogramming outcomes. In screening the largest range of polyacrylamide (pAAm) hydrogels of varying stiffness to date (1 kPa to 1.3 MPa), we have found that a medium stiffness gel (~100 kPa) increased the overall number of reprogrammed cells by up to 10-fold (10×), accelerated reprogramming kinetics, improved both early and late phases of reprogramming, and produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) having more naïve characteristics and lower remnant transgene expression, compared to the gold standard tissue culture polystyrene practice. Functionalization of these pAAm hydrogels with poly-l-dopamine enabled, for the first-time, continuous, single-step reprogramming of fibroblasts to iPSCs on hydrogel substrates (noting that even the tissue culture polystyrene practice is a 2-stage process). Comparative RNA sequencing analyses coupled with experimental validation revealed that a novel reprogramming regulator, protein phosphatase and actin regulator 3, up-regulated under the gel condition at a very early time point, was responsible for the observed enhanced reprogramming outcomes. This study provides a novel culture protocol and substrate for continuous hydrogel-based cell reprogramming and previously unattained clarity of the underlying mechanisms via which substrate stiffness modulates reprogramming kinetics and iPSC quality outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahfuz Chowdhury
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hannah Leeson
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | | | - Jessica Cara Mar
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrew Laslett
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jose Maria Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute,
Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics and the South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,
The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ernst Wolvetang
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Justin John Cooper-White
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN),
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, Andrew N. Liveris Building,
The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Sato H, Hara T, Meng S, Tsuji Y, Arao Y, Sasaki K, Miyoshi N, Kobayashi S, Doki Y, Eguchi H, Ishii H. Drug Discovery and Development of miRNA-Based Nucleotide Drugs for Gastrointestinal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2235. [PMID: 37626731 PMCID: PMC10452413 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Short non-coding RNAs, miRNAs, play roles in the control of cell growth and differentiation in cancer. Reportedly, the introduction of miRNAs could reduce the biologically malignant behavior of cancer cells, suggesting a possible use as therapeutic reagents. Given that the forced expression of several miRNAs, including miR-302, results in the cellular reprograming of human and mouse cells, which is similar to the effects of the transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, this suggests that the selective introduction of several miRNAs will be able to achieve anti-cancer effects at the epigenetic and metabolic levels. In this review article, we bring together the recent advances made in studies of microRNA-based therapeutic approaches to therapy-resistant cancers, especially in gastrointestinal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Sato
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.S.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hara
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Sikun Meng
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Yoshiko Tsuji
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Yasuko Arao
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.S.)
| | - Kazuki Sasaki
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.S.)
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norikatsu Miyoshi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ishii
- Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Department of Medical Data Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamadaoka 2-2, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan; (H.S.)
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Su Y, Wang L, Fan Z, Liu Y, Zhu J, Kaback D, Oudiz J, Patrick T, Yee SP, Tian X(C, Polejaeva I, Tang Y. Establishment of Bovine-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910489. [PMID: 34638830 PMCID: PMC8508593 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been successfully developed in many species. However, the establishment of bovine-induced pluripotent stem cells (biPSCs) has been challenging. Here we report the generation of biPSCs from bovine mesenchymal stem cells (bMSCs) by overexpression of lysine-specific demethylase 4A (KDM4A) and the other reprogramming factors OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, cMYC, LIN28, and NANOG (KdOSKMLN). These biPSCs exhibited silenced transgene expression at passage 10, and had prolonged self-renewal capacity for over 70 passages. The biPSCs have flat, primed-like PSC colony morphology in combined media of knockout serum replacement (KSR) and mTeSR, but switched to dome-shaped, naïve-like PSC colony morphology in mTeSR medium and 2i/LIF with single cell colonization capacity. These cells have comparable proliferation rate to the reported primed- or naïve-state human PSCs, with three-germ layer differentiation capacity and normal karyotype. Transcriptome analysis revealed a high similarity of biPSCs to reported bovine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and embryos. The naïve-like biPSCs can be incorporated into mouse embryos, with the extended capacity of integration into extra-embryonic tissues. Finally, at least 24.5% cloning efficiency could be obtained in nuclear transfer (NT) experiment using late passage biPSCs as nuclear donors. Our report represents a significant advance in the establishment of bovine PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Systems Genetics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; (Y.S.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.O.); (X.T.)
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Systems Genetics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; (Y.S.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.O.); (X.T.)
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.L.); (T.P.)
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.L.); (T.P.)
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Systems Genetics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; (Y.S.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.O.); (X.T.)
| | - Deborah Kaback
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (D.K.); (S.P.Y.)
| | - Julia Oudiz
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Systems Genetics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; (Y.S.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.O.); (X.T.)
| | - Tayler Patrick
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.L.); (T.P.)
| | - Siu Pok Yee
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; (D.K.); (S.P.Y.)
| | - Xiuchun (Cindy) Tian
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Systems Genetics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; (Y.S.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.O.); (X.T.)
| | - Irina Polejaeva
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA; (Z.F.); (Y.L.); (T.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (Y.T.)
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Systems Genetics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA; (Y.S.); (L.W.); (J.Z.); (J.O.); (X.T.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (Y.T.)
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McCarthy M, Brown T, Alarcon A, Williams C, Wu X, Abbott RD, Gimble J, Frazier T. Fat-On-A-Chip Models for Research and Discovery in Obesity and Its Metabolic Comorbidities. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2020; 26:586-595. [PMID: 32216545 PMCID: PMC8196547 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic and its associated comorbidities present a looming challenge to health care delivery throughout the world. Obesity is characterized as a sterile inflammatory process within adipose tissues leading to dysregulated secretion of bioactive adipokines such as adiponectin and leptin, as well as systemic metabolic dysfunction. The majority of current obesity research has focused primarily on preclinical animal models in vivo and two-dimensional cell culture models in vitro. Neither of these generalized approaches is optimal due to interspecies variability, insufficient accuracy with respect to predicting human outcomes, and failure to recapitulate the three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. Consequently, there is a growing demand and need for more sophisticated microphysiological systems to reproduce more physiologically accurate human white and brown/beige adipose depots. To address this research need, human and murine cell lines and primary cultures are being combined with bioscaffolds to create functional 3D environments that are suitable for metabolically active adipose organoids in both static and perfusion bioreactor cultures. The development of these technologies will have considerable impact on the future pace of discovery for novel small molecules and biologics designed to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome and obesity in humans. Furthermore, when these adipose tissue models are integrated with other organ systems they will have applicability to obesity-related disorders such as diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and osteoarthritis. Impact statement The current review article summarizes the advances made within the organ-onchip field, as it pertains to adipose tissue models of obesity and obesity-related syndromes, such as diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and osteoarthritis. As humanized 3D adipose-derived constructs become more accessible to the research community, it is anticipated that they will accelerate and enhance the drug discovery pipeline for obesity, diabetes, and metabolic diseases by reducing the preclinical evaluation process and improving predictive accuracy. Such developments, applications, and usages of existing technologies can change the paradigm of personalized medicine and create substantial progress in our approach to modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore Brown
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Andrea Alarcon
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Xiying Wu
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gimble
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Trivia Frazier
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Obatala Sciences, Inc., New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Julian LM, Stanford WL. Organelle Cooperation in Stem Cell Fate: Lysosomes as Emerging Regulators of Cell Identity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:591. [PMID: 32733892 PMCID: PMC7358313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of stem cell fate is best understood at the level of gene and protein regulatory networks, though it is now clear that multiple cellular organelles also have critical impacts. A growing appreciation for the functional interconnectedness of organelles suggests that an orchestration of integrated biological networks functions to drive stem cell fate decisions and regulate metabolism. Metabolic signaling itself has emerged as an integral regulator of cell fate including the determination of identity, activation state, survival, and differentiation potential of many developmental, adult, disease, and cancer-associated stem cell populations and their progeny. As the primary adenosine triphosphate-generating organelles, mitochondria are well-known regulators of stem cell fate decisions, yet it is now becoming apparent that additional organelles such as the lysosome are important players in mediating these dynamic decisions. In this review, we will focus on the emerging role of organelles, in particular lysosomes, in the reprogramming of both metabolic networks and stem cell fate decisions, especially those that impact the determination of cell identity. We will discuss the inter-organelle interactions, cell signaling pathways, and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms with which lysosomes engage and how these activities impact metabolic signaling. We will further review recent data that position lysosomes as critical regulators of cell identity determination programs and discuss the known or putative biological mechanisms. Finally, we will briefly highlight the potential impact of elucidating mechanisms by which lysosomes regulate stem cell identity on our understanding of disease pathogenesis, as well as the development of refined regenerative medicine, biomarker, and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Julian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Choi KYG, Wu BC, Lee AHY, Baquir B, Hancock REW. Utilizing Organoid and Air-Liquid Interface Models as a Screening Method in the Development of New Host Defense Peptides. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:228. [PMID: 32509598 PMCID: PMC7251080 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Host defense peptides (HDPs), also known as antimicrobial peptides, are naturally occurring polypeptides (~12–50 residues) composed of cationic and hydrophobic amino acids that adopt an amphipathic conformation upon folding usually after contact with membranes. HDPs have a variety of biological activities including immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-biofilm functions. Although HDPs have the potential to address the global threat of antibiotic resistance and to treat immune and inflammatory disorders, they have yet to achieve this promise. Indeed, there are several challenges associated with bringing peptide-based drug candidates from the lab bench to clinical practice, including identifying appropriate indications, stability, toxicity, and cost. These challenges can be addressed in part by the development of innate defense regulator (IDR) peptides and peptidomimetics, which are synthetic derivatives of HDPs with similar or better efficacy, increased stability, and reduced toxicity and cost of the original HDP. However, one of the largest gaps between basic research and clinical application is the validity and translatability of conventional model systems, such as cell lines and animal models, for screening HDPs and their derivatives as potential drug therapies. Indeed, such translation has often relied on animal models, which have only limited validity. Here we discuss the recent development of human organoids for disease modeling and drug screening, assisted by the use of omics analyses. Organoids, developed from primary cells, cell lines, or human pluripotent stem cells, are three-dimensional, self-organizing structures that closely resemble their corresponding in vivo organs with regards to immune responses, tissue organization, and physiological properties; thus, organoids represent a reliable method for studying efficacy, formulation, toxicity and to some extent drug stability and pharmacodynamics. The use of patient-derived organoids enables the study of patient-specific efficacy, toxicogenomics and drug response predictions. We outline how organoids and omics data analysis can be leveraged to aid in the clinical translation of IDR peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Yee Grace Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Bing Catherine Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amy Huei-Yi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Beverlie Baquir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Robert E W Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Microbial Diseases and Immunity Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Wang L, Su Y, Huang C, Yin Y, Chu A, Knupp A, Tang Y. NANOG and LIN28 dramatically improve human cell reprogramming by modulating LIN41 and canonical WNT activities. Biol Open 2019; 8:8/12/bio047225. [PMID: 31806618 PMCID: PMC6918770 DOI: 10.1242/bio.047225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cell reprogramming remains extremely inefficient and the underlying mechanisms by different reprogramming factors are elusive. We found that NANOG and LIN28 (NL) synergize to improve OCT4, SOX2, KLF4 and MYC (OSKM)-mediated reprogramming by ∼76-fold and shorten reprogramming latency by at least 1 week. This synergy is inhibited by GLIS1 but reinforced by an inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase DOT1L (iDOT1L) to a ∼127-fold increase in TRA-1-60-positive (+) iPSC colonies. Mechanistically, NL serve as the main drivers of reprogramming in cell epithelialization, the expression of Let-7 miRNA target LIN41, and the activation of canonical WNT/β-CATENIN signaling, which can be further enhanced by iDOT1L treatment. LIN41 overexpression in addition to OSKM similarly promoted cell epithelialization and WNT activation in reprogramming, and a dominant-negative LIN41 mutation significantly blocked NL- and iDOT1L-enhanced reprogramming. We also found that NL- and iDOT1L-induced canonical WNT activation facilitates the initial development kinetics of iPSCs. However, a substantial increase in more mature, homogeneous TRA-1-60+ colony formation was achieved by inhibiting WNT activity at the middle-to-late-reprogramming stage. We further found that LIN41 can replace LIN28 to synergize with NANOG, and that the coexpression of LIN41 with NL further enhanced the formation of mature iPSCs under WNT inhibition. Our study established LIN41 and canonical WNT signaling as the key downstream effectors of NL for the dramatic improvement in reprogramming efficiency and kinetics, and optimized a condition for the robust formation of mature human iPSC colonies from primary cells.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Alec Knupp
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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Wang L, Su Y, Huang C, Yin Y, Zhu J, Knupp A, Chu A, Tang Y. FOXH1 Is Regulated by NANOG and LIN28 for Early-stage Reprogramming. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16443. [PMID: 31712708 PMCID: PMC6848184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
FOXH1 is a primitive-streak specifier and ACTIVIN co-effector that plays an important role in development, and positively regulates the generation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells by OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and MYC (OSKM) transduction. However, the mechanism and upstream regulation for FOXH1 expression in reprogramming are unclear. We found FOXH1 expression plays a significant role to enhance epithelial marker and suppress mesenchymal gene expression in OSKM-mediated human cell reprogramming. Furthermore, NANOG and LIN28 (NL) co-stimulate FOXH1 expression, which correlates with the enhanced reprogramming efficiency by NL-factors. FOXH1 expression is also stimulated by a specific inhibitor for H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L (iDOT1L) but not by inhibition of the canonical WNT signaling. We further show that blocking endogenous FOXH1 expression eliminates the enhanced reprogramming effect by NL and iDOT1L. However, overexpressing FOXH1 in NL plus iDOT1L condition results in significantly reduced TRA-1-60 positively expressed cells and decreases pluripotent marker expression in reprogramming. Our study elucidated an essential role for properly stimulated FOXH1 expression by NANOG, LIN28, and H3K79 demethylation for dramatic enhancement of reprograming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yue Su
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Alec Knupp
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, 1390 Storrs Rd, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
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Gao J, Chen F, Hua M, Guo J, Nong Y, Tang Q, Zhong F, Qin L. Knockdown of lncRNA MIR31HG inhibits cell proliferation in human HaCaT keratinocytes. Biol Res 2018; 51:30. [PMID: 30180891 PMCID: PMC6122774 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-018-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a complex, chronic inflammatory skin disease with substantial negative effects on patient quality of life. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are able to be involved in multitudes of cellular processes in diverse human diseases. This study aimed to investigate the potential involvement of lncRNA MIR31HG in HaCaT keratinocytes proliferation. RESULTS The study showed that MIR31HG was significantly elevated in the lesional psoriatic skin compared with normal individuals' skin. Knockdown of MIR31HG inhibited HaCaT keratinocytes proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis showed that siRNA-mediated MIR31HG depletion induced cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. In addition, MIR31HG expression was found to be dependent on NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS NF-κB activation mediated MIR31HG upregulation plays an important role in the regulation of HaCaT keratinocytes proliferation. It could be a potential diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintao Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fangru Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingchun Hua
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfan Guo
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuejuan Nong
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinyan Tang
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxia Zhong
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxiu Qin
- College of Biotechnology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
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Cell fate reprogramming through engineering of native transcription factors. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2018; 52:109-116. [PMID: 29980007 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular reprogramming using cocktails of transcription factors (TFs) affirms the epigenetic and developmental plasticity of mammalian cells. It demonstrates the ability of TFs to 'read' genetic information and to rewire regulatory networks in different cellular contexts. Silenced chromatin is not an impediment to the genome engagement by ectopically expressed TFs. Reprogramming TFs have been identified in diverse structural families that lack shared domains or sequence motifs. Interestingly, the reprogramming activity of non-redundant paralogous TFs can be switched with a few point mutations. These findings revealed that the sequence-function relationships influencing reprogramming are tied to subtle features directing genome wide binding. Therefore, endogenous reprogramming TFs are amenable to directed biomolecular engineering that opens up new avenues to optimize cell fate conversions.
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