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Benzoni P, Gazzerro E, Fiorillo C, Baratto S, Bartolucci C, Severi S, Milanesi R, Lippi M, Langione M, Murano C, Meoni C, Popolizio V, Cospito A, Baruscotti M, Bucchi A, Barbuti A. Caveolin-3 and Caveolin-1 Interaction Decreases Channel Dysfunction Due to Caveolin-3 Mutations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:980. [PMID: 38256054 PMCID: PMC10816214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Caveolae constitute membrane microdomains where receptors and ion channels functionally interact. Caveolin-3 (cav-3) is the key structural component of muscular caveolae. Mutations in CAV3 lead to caveolinopathies, which result in both muscular dystrophies and cardiac diseases. In cardiomyocytes, cav-1 participates with cav-3 to form caveolae; skeletal myotubes and adult skeletal fibers do not express cav-1. In the heart, the absence of cardiac alterations in the majority of cases may depend on a conserved organization of caveolae thanks to the expression of cav-1. We decided to focus on three specific cav-3 mutations (Δ62-64YTT; T78K and W101C) found in heterozygosis in patients suffering from skeletal muscle disorders. We overexpressed both the WT and mutated cav-3 together with ion channels interacting with and modulated by cav-3. Patch-clamp analysis conducted in caveolin-free cells (MEF-KO), revealed that the T78K mutant is dominant negative, causing its intracellular retention together with cav-3 WT, and inducing a significant reduction in current densities of all three ion channels tested. The other cav-3 mutations did not cause significant alterations. Mathematical modelling of the effects of cav-3 T78K would impair repolarization to levels incompatible with life. For this reason, we decided to compare the effects of this mutation in other cell lines that endogenously express cav-1 (MEF-STO and CHO cells) and to modulate cav-1 expression with an shRNA approach. In these systems, the membrane localization of cav-3 T78K was rescued in the presence of cav-1, and the current densities of hHCN4, hKv1.5 and hKir2.1 were also rescued. These results constitute the first evidence of a compensatory role of cav-1 in the heart, justifying the reduced susceptibility of this organ to caveolinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Benzoni
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gazzerro
- Unit of Muscle Research, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Cooperation between the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Charité-University Berlin, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Chiara Fiorillo
- Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, DINOGMI-University of Genova, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Serena Baratto
- Center of Translational and Experimental Myology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy
| | - Chiara Bartolucci
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Stefano Severi
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering “Guglielmo Marconi”, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Milanesi
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Melania Lippi
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marianna Langione
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Murano
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Clarissa Meoni
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Vera Popolizio
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cospito
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Baruscotti
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bucchi
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Barbuti
- The Cell Physiology MiLab, Department of Biosciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Sommariva E, Stadiotti I, Casella M, Catto V, Dello Russo A, Carbucicchio C, Arnaboldi L, De Metrio S, Milano G, Scopece A, Casaburo M, Andreini D, Mushtaq S, Conte E, Chiesa M, Birchmeier W, Cogliati E, Paolin A, König E, Meraviglia V, De Musso M, Volani C, Cattelan G, Rauhe W, Turnu L, Porro B, Pedrazzini M, Camera M, Corsini A, Tondo C, Rossini A, Pompilio G. Oxidized LDL-dependent pathway as new pathogenic trigger in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14365. [PMID: 34337880 PMCID: PMC8422076 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is hallmarked by ventricular fibro-adipogenic alterations, contributing to cardiac dysfunctions and arrhythmias. Although genetically determined (e.g., PKP2 mutations), ACM phenotypes are highly variable. More data on phenotype modulators, clinical prognosticators, and etiological therapies are awaited. We hypothesized that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-dependent activation of PPARγ, a recognized effector of ACM adipogenesis, contributes to disease pathogenesis. ACM patients showing high plasma concentration of oxLDL display severe clinical phenotypes in terms of fat infiltration, ventricular dysfunction, and major arrhythmic event risk. In ACM patient-derived cardiac cells, we demonstrated that oxLDLs are major cofactors of adipogenesis. Mechanistically, the increased lipid accumulation is mediated by oxLDL cell internalization through CD36, ultimately resulting in PPARγ upregulation. By boosting oxLDL in a Pkp2 heterozygous knock-out mice through high-fat diet feeding, we confirmed in vivo the oxidized lipid dependency of cardiac adipogenesis and right ventricle systolic impairment, which are counteracted by atorvastatin treatment. The modulatory role of oxidized lipids on ACM adipogenesis, demonstrated at cellular, mouse, and patient levels, represents a novel risk stratification tool and a target for ACM pharmacological strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Ilaria Stadiotti
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Michela Casella
- Heart Rhythm CenterCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Valentina Catto
- Heart Rhythm CenterCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Simona De Metrio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Heart and VesselsLaboratory of Cardiovascular ResearchUniversity Hospital of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Alessandro Scopece
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Manuel Casaburo
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Unit of Cardiovascular ImagingCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community HealthUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Unit of Cardiovascular ImagingCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Edoardo Conte
- Unit of Cardiovascular ImagingCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Mattia Chiesa
- Bioinformatics and Artificial Intelligence facilityCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | | | | | | | - Eva König
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Viviana Meraviglia
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Monica De Musso
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Chiara Volani
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Giada Cattelan
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | | | - Linda Turnu
- Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of AtherothrombosisCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Benedetta Porro
- Unit of Metabolomics and Cellular Biochemistry of AtherothrombosisCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Matteo Pedrazzini
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular GeneticsIstituto Auxologico ItalianoIRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Marina Camera
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- Unit of Cell and Molecular Biology in Cardiovascular DiseasesCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
- IRCCS MultiMedicaMilanItaly
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Heart Rhythm CenterCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of BiomedicalSurgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
| | - Alessandra Rossini
- Institute for BiomedicineEurac ResearchAffiliated Institute of the University of LübeckBozenItaly
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative MedicineCentro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of BiomedicalSurgical and Dental SciencesUniversità degli Studi di MilanoMilanItaly
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Casamassa A, Ferrari D, Gelati M, Carella M, Vescovi AL, Rosati J. A Link between Genetic Disorders and Cellular Impairment, Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Reveal the Functional Consequences of Copy Number Variations in the Central Nervous System-A Close Look at Chromosome 15. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051860. [PMID: 32182809 PMCID: PMC7084702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cutting-edge human genetics technology has allowed us to identify copy number variations (CNVs) and has provided new insights for understanding causative mechanisms of human diseases. A growing number of studies show that CNVs could be associated with physiological mechanisms linked to evolutionary trigger, as well as to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disease and mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, intellectual disabilities or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Their incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity make diagnosis difficult and hinder comprehension of the mechanistic bases of these disorders. Additional elements such as co-presence of other CNVs, genomic background and environmental factors are involved in determining the final phenotype associated with a CNV. Genetically engineered animal models are helpful tools for understanding the behavioral consequences of CNVs. However, the genetic background and the biology of these animal model systems have sometimes led to confusing results. New cellular models obtained through somatic cellular reprogramming technology that produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human subjects are being used to explore the mechanisms involved in the pathogenic consequences of CNVs. Considering the vast quantity of CNVs found in the human genome, we intend to focus on reviewing the current literature on the use of iPSCs carrying CNVs on chromosome 15, highlighting advantages and limits of this system with respect to mouse model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Casamassa
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Abramo Lincoln 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Carella
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.V.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.V.); (J.R.)
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Brodehl A, Ebbinghaus H, Deutsch MA, Gummert J, Gärtner A, Ratnavadivel S, Milting H. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem-Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes as Models for Genetic Cardiomyopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184381. [PMID: 31489928 PMCID: PMC6770343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, many pathogenic or likely pathogenic genetic mutations in over hundred different genes have been described for non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies. However, the functional knowledge about most of these mutations is still limited because the generation of adequate animal models is time-consuming and challenging. Therefore, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carrying specific cardiomyopathy-associated mutations are a promising alternative. Since the original discovery that pluripotency can be artificially induced by the expression of different transcription factors, various patient-specific-induced pluripotent stem cell lines have been generated to model non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies in vitro. In this review, we describe the genetic landscape of non-ischemic, genetic cardiomyopathies and give an overview about different human iPSC lines, which have been developed for the disease modeling of inherited cardiomyopathies. We summarize different methods and protocols for the general differentiation of human iPSCs into cardiomyocytes. In addition, we describe methods and technologies to investigate functionally human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, we summarize novel genome editing approaches for the genetic manipulation of human iPSCs. This review provides an overview about the genetic landscape of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on iPSC technology, which might be of interest for clinicians and basic scientists interested in genetic cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Brodehl
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hans Ebbinghaus
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Marcus-André Deutsch
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Jan Gummert
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Anna Gärtner
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Ratnavadivel
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Hendrik Milting
- Erich and Hanna Klessmann Institute, Heart and Diabetes Center NRW, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University Bochum, Georgstrasse 11, D-32545 Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
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