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Issrani R, Alruwaili DSR, Alruwaili RHG, Tasleem R, Almuaddi A, Abdelaziz KM, Alruwaili SMM, Alruwaili NSR, Bader AK, Khan ZA, Prabhu N. Patterns and associated factors of shisha usage among the undergraduate students of Jouf University, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-89. [PMID: 38807709 PMCID: PMC11131362 DOI: 10.18332/tid/186185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Shisha tobacco use is gaining popularity around the world, especially among young people and college students. Shisha users are exposed to many of the same harmful substances as cigarette smokers but at much higher levels, which could have more serious adverse health impacts. The aims of this study were to: 1) determine the patterns of shisha smoking among university students in the Northern Province of Saudi Arabia; 2) identify the reasons for using shisha tobacco; and 3) ascertain whether usage of shisha smoking differs by their sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among students of seven different colleges at a public university between October and December 2022. A modified version of the Global Youth Tobacco Survey questionnaire was used to collect information specifically on shisha smoking. After adjusting for confounding variables, a logistic regression analysis was used to determine the related factors. RESULTS A total of 418 participants were included in the study. Of the studied population, shisha smoking was seen in 73.7% (n=308). Out of 308 shisha smokers, 208 (67.5%) had their first session of shisha smoking within the past two years; 34.4% of participants had used it in the past 30 days (current users), of which 27.4% had smoked shisha from 1 to 7 days during the past 30 days. The majority of respondents (63.6%) reported having friends that smoke. The most popular flavor among respondents (24.6%) was apple. For quitting attempts, 46.4% reported a 24-hour quit attempt in the previous year. Stress (23.0%) was reported as the main reason for beginning shisha use. Shisha smoking was significantly associated with age (Ref. 18-20 years; 24-26 years, AOR=0.08; 95% CI: 0.02-0.33, p<0.001; ≥27 years, AOR=0.12; 95% CI: 0.02-0.62, p=0.01), living status (Ref. alone; with family, AOR=0.23; 95% CI: 0.11-0.47, p<0.001; with friends, AOR=0.36; 95% CI: 0.18-0.76, p<0.001), with parents having higher education level (Ref. primary school and lower; Bachelor's, AOR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.14-0.76, p<0.001; diploma, AOR=0.33; 95% CI: 0.15-0.73, p<0.001; PhD, AOR=5.15; 95% CI: 1.00-9.65, p=0.05). CONCLUSIONS Shisha use was more frequent among Saudi Arabian college students, especially those who were aged 18-20 years, living alone, and having highly educated parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Issrani
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Al-Jawf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Robina Tasleem
- College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | - Alzarea K. Bader
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Al-Jawf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zafar A. Khan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Frontier Medical and Dental College, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Namdeo Prabhu
- College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Al-Jawf, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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Khanagar SB, Aldawas I, Alrusaini SK, Albalawi F, Alshehri A, Awawdeh M, Iyer K, Divakar DD. Association of Electronic Cigarette Usage with the Subsequent Initiation of Combustible Cigarette Smoking among Dental Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1092. [PMID: 38891167 PMCID: PMC11172238 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12111092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of electronic cigarettes, or "e-cigarettes", among youths has sparked worries about the possibility of nicotine dependence as a serious public health issue. Dental practitioners play a critical role in helping their patients quit smoking. Dental schools across the globe have policies encouraging their students to help patients quit smoking. Current research, however, indicates that a significant portion of dental students smoke combustible cigarettes and use e-cigarettes. According to studies, using e-cigarettes has resulted in the subsequent initiation of combustible cigarette smoking among its users. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the use of electronic cigarettes and the subsequent initiation of combustible cigarette smoking among dental students who were not attitudinally susceptible to smoking combustible cigarettes. A longitudinal cohort study was conducted among 121 study participants who were never combustible cigarette users and were attitudinally non-susceptible to smoking at baseline. At baseline, 66 (54.6%) study participants were categorized as e-cigarette users who were attitudinally non-susceptible to combustible cigarette smoking, and 55 (45.4%) study participants were categorized as non-users who were attitudinally non-susceptible to combustible cigarette smoking. The initiation of combustible cigarette smoking was assessed at 6- and 12-month intervals. Binomial regression analysis of the outcome at the end of one-year follow-up, when analyzed with independent variables, revealed a significant influence of e-cigarette use on taking up combustible cigarette smoking [Relative Risk: 9.395; 95% CI: 3.03-29.04]. Chi-squared analysis of independent variables revealed e-cigarette use to be significantly associated with fathers' education level (p = 0.00), parental cigarette smoking status (p = 0.00), cigarette smoking among friends (p = 0.00), and family income (p = 0.00). E-cigarette users are more likely to believe it to be healthier (p = 0.00) than combustible smoking. In the present study, e-cigarette usage demonstrated a significant influence on taking up combustible cigarette smoking among its users. Educational institutions should implement stringent policies and regulations to prevent health professionals from using these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev B. Khanagar
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- College of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown 413741, Guyana
| | - Ibrahim Aldawas
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Khalid Alrusaini
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farraj Albalawi
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aram Alshehri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Awawdeh
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Iyer
- Preventive Dental Science Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darshan Devang Divakar
- Dental Biomaterials Research Chair, Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;
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Abid O, Alwadey AM, Eldeirawi K. Prevalence of tobacco smoking between 2009 and 2015 among students and the general population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tob Induc Dis 2023; 21:52. [PMID: 37123346 PMCID: PMC10143316 DOI: 10.18332/tid/153975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tobacco smoking is a major risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Studies on smoking in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) have shown inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to provide a literature review on the prevalence of tobacco smoking among school students, university students, and the general population of KSA during 2009-2015, before the implementation of new tobacco control measures. METHODS We searched PubMed and Google for articles published in English from 2009 to 2015, focused on overall tobacco smoking and/or any form of tobacco smoking (e.g. tobacco, cigarette, and waterpipe) and conducted with a sample of ≥300 participants. Only the prevalence of current smoking was assessed. A narrative synthesis of the prevalence results was conducted. RESULTS Of the 360 studies found in the primary search, 91 were selected for further examination for eligibility, and 20 studies were included in the review. Among school students, the prevalence of smoking any form of tobacco (cigarettes, waterpipes, or both) ranged 10.0-21.7%. The prevalence of cigarette smoking ranged 8.9-19.5% and for waterpipe smoking it was 9.5%. Among university students, the prevalence of smoking any form of tobacco ranged 11.1-25.3%, cigarette smoking 7.8-17.5%, and waterpipe 4.3-18.0%. In the general population, the prevalence of cigarette smoking ranged 19.6-23.5% and for waterpipe smoking it was 4.3%. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows smoking levels were high in the KSA between 2009 and 2015. Studies utilizing standardized methodology with nationally representative samples are needed to better characterize the prevalence of different types of tobacco smoking. More research on national representative samples is needed, including studies on the same populations/groups/areas over time using standardized tools and definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Abid
- Insight Research Institute, Flint, United States
| | - Ali M. Alwadey
- Tobacco Control Program, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Eldeirawi
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Tounsi AA, Alnowaiser A, Alsuhibani A, Alsadhan L, Hamdan HM. Dental students' attitude towards propranolol non-medical use: A multi-institutional cross-sectional study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:787-793. [PMID: 34951731 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The lives of college students are full of various stressors. Students seek a number of stress-relieving modalities as self-prescribed beta-blockers to improve their academic performance. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of beta-blockers (propranolol) usage amongst Saudi dental students and their attitude towards its use to enhance academic performance. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving a convenient sample was conducted on a group of undergraduate dental students enrolled in Riyadh dental schools during the academic year of 2019/2020. A paper format closed-ended questionnaire was used. RESULTS A sample of 680 students participated in the survey (43% response rate). Approximately 12% of dental students used propranolol for non-medical reasons. The prevalence did not differ significantly with the gender or year of study. A significantly higher percentage of students from private dental schools reported using propranolol for non-medical reasons (odds ratio (OR), 3.1; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.7-5.4; p < .001). Propranolol users were significantly more likely to connect with other students using the medication. Both students, those who used and those who did not use propranolol, similarly, highly endorsed the need for being informed about the risk of using propranolol. Compared with non-users, there was more disagreement amongst propranolol users on the necessity for placing school regulations controlling medication use. CONCLUSION The use of propranolol to enhance academic performance amongst dental students in Saudi Arabia should not be disregarded. The study findings emphasise the importance of regulating students' usage of beta-blockers to promote a fair academic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar A Tounsi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Hebah M Hamdan
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Todorović I, Cheng F, Stojisavljević S, Marinković S, Kremenović S, Savić P, Golić-Jelić A, Stojaković N, Stoisavljević-Šatara S, Igić R, Škrbić R. Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking and Influence of Associated Factors among Students of the University of Banja Luka: A Cross-Sectional Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:502. [PMID: 35454341 PMCID: PMC9025883 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58040502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cigarette smoking among the youth population has increased significantly in developing countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, no extant literature assesses the prevalence of tobacco use, nor identifies factors associated with smoking. This study determined the prevalence of cigarette smoking among a specific cohort of students and assessed factors related to tobacco use in this population. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 1200 students at all faculties of Banja Luka University. Data were collected from questionnaires adapted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and the Global Health Professional Student Survey (GHPSS) standardized questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's χ2 test, and logistic regression. Results: When the prevalence of cigarette smoking within the last thirty days was recorded, we found that 34.1% of students smoked within this period. Nearly three-quarters (74.9%) of the student population had smoked or experimented with cigarette smoking. However, medical students were 27.2% less likely to smoke than their counterparts from other faculties. Overall, 87% of all students were aware of the harmful effects of cigarette smoking, 79% were aware of the harmful effects of secondhand smoke, and 65% reported that it was difficult to quit. Increased spending of personal money was associated with a higher probability of smoking, while exposure to secondhand smoke increased the odds of smoking by 62%. Conclusion: Policies, strategies, and action plans should be introduced in order to reduce the prevalence of smoking among university students and to create a smoke-free environment at the various universities involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Todorović
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (I.T.); (F.C.)
- Association of Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Feng Cheng
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (I.T.); (F.C.)
| | - Stela Stojisavljević
- Public Health Institute of The Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Sonja Marinković
- Association of Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Stefan Kremenović
- Association of Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Pane Savić
- Association of Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (S.M.); (S.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Ana Golić-Jelić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Nataša Stojaković
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.S.); (S.S.-Š.)
| | - Svjetlana Stoisavljević-Šatara
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.S.); (S.S.-Š.)
| | - Rajko Igić
- The Academy of Sciences and Arts of The Republic of Srpska, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Ranko Škrbić
- Center for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, The Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina; (N.S.); (S.S.-Š.)
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Singh I, Khurana J, Patil L, Jadhav MS, Chawla R, Patil PS. Assessment of Habits of Tobacco Use among Dental and Nondental Students of Indian Population: A Cross-sectional Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S417-S420. [PMID: 34447123 PMCID: PMC8375902 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_611_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tobacco usage can be equated to an unending progressive pandemic which continues to spread globally at an alarming unhindered pace. Dental surgeons have a key role in initiating reduction and even cessation of tobacco habits. Hence, the present study was undertaken for analyzing the habits of tobacco use among dental and nondental students of Indian population. Materials and Methods A total of 500 dental students and 500 nondental students were enrolled in the present study. Among dental students, only interns were enrolled across different dental colleges of India. A questionnaire was framed and was sent to all the students in the form of Google Forms. The questionnaire contained questions pertaining to the assessment of prevalence of tobacco use and type of tobacco use habit. All the results were recorded and analyzed. Results Five hundred dental students and 500 nondental students were enrolled. Among the dental group, tobacco use habits were present in 23.8% of the students, whereas in the nondental group, tobacco use habits were present in 43.6% of the students. While comparing the prevalence of tobacco use habits among the dental and nondental groups, significant results were obtained. In the dental group, smoking habit and chewing habit were present in 44.54% and 32.77% of the students, respectively. In the nondental group, smoking habit and chewing habit were present in 52.29% and 29.82% of the students, respectively. While comparing the pattern of tobacco use among students of the two study groups, nonsignificant results were obtained. Conclusion There is an urgent need of tobacco cessation programs in the community to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Singh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Government Dental College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Jogjatin Khurana
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, BJS Dental College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Lalit Patil
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manish Shivaji Jadhav
- Deptartment of Prosthodontics, Dr D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roshani Chawla
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Dentistry, V. Y. W. S Dental College and Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
| | - Punam S Patil
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, V. Y. W. S Dental College and Hospital, Amravati, Maharashtra, India
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Ahmad W, Ahmad A, Ali M, Hassan Y, Albanai RR, Al-dossary R, Alabdullah A. Cross sectional online survey to determine the prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice of smoking tobacco among students of medical science college in Dammam, Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:305-311. [PMID: 35017886 PMCID: PMC8698083 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_28_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Ayed Y, Elsayed SA, Abu-Hammad O, Turki A, Saleh M, Karbouji M, Alsaedi R, Laher I, Althagafi N, Dar-Odeh N. Tobacco Smoking, Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Cessation Perceptions by Dental Students in Al Madinah, a Conservative Saudi Society. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2021.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yosra Ayed
- Taibah University, Saudi Arabia; Monastir University, Tunisia
| | - Shadia A Elsayed
- Taibah University, Saudi Arabia; Al-Azhar University (Girls Branch), Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Najla Dar-Odeh
- Taibah University, Saudi Arabia; University of Jordan, Jordan
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Alotaibi SA, Durgampudi PK. Factors associated with tobacco smoking among Saudi college students: A systematic review. Tob Prev Cessat 2020; 6:36. [PMID: 32760870 PMCID: PMC7398131 DOI: 10.18332/tpc/122444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been an increase in tobacco smoking among Saudi college students in recent years. However, no study has examined, with a systematic approach, the extent to which specific factors are associated with tobacco smoking among this population. METHODS PubMed, ProQuest, CINAHL, and Web of Science were utilized to retrieve studies addressing risk factors associated with tobacco smoking among Saudi college students between 2010 and 2019. After confirming their eligibility criteria, studies were imported to the NVivo software for data collection and synthesis. All included articles were critically appraised, based on a modified STROBE. RESULTS Twenty-one out of 300 studies met the eligibility requirements for inclusion. Riyadh was the location, health-related science was the field of study, and male the gender of the population of most of the included studies. Only one study used a longitudinal design based on a theoretical framework, the rest were cross-sectional and lacked theoretical utilization. Four individual and two social factors were established to have a significant relationship with tobacco smoking behavior among college students in four or more studies. Environmental factors were found to be associated with a change in smoking behavior among Saudi college students based on two studies. CONCLUSIONS There is a dearth of research in utilizing theoretical frameworks to guide the research in order to propose an intervention program among Saudi college students. Future research should aim to recruit participants from different institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), apply other methodological approaches, test other measurements of tobacco smoking, and utilize a theoretical framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad A Alotaibi
- College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, United States.,College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Karem Hassan B, Jabbar Ali B, Mahmood Alwan A, Badeia RA. Self-Reported Oral Health Attitudes and Behaviors, and Gingival Status of Dental Students. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:225-232. [PMID: 32612394 PMCID: PMC7323813 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s249708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The aim of this study was to assess self-reported oral health attitudes and behaviors of the Iraqi dental students and compare the variations in these attitudes and behaviors that linked to dental education level and gender. Materials and Methods A self-administered questionnaire depended on the English version of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioral Inventory (HU-DBI) was prepared, the questionnaire given to 198 dental students. Results About 91.4% of the dental students were worried about the teeth colour, and merely minor percentage of them (18.8%) thought it is not crucial to seek dental advice until they acquire a tooth pain; however, 26.3% of the students were disturbed because of their gum colour, and 75.3% of them examined their teeth after brushing. Besides, 72.2% of the students replied that gum disease could not be prevented by tooth brushing only, 60.1% of the students do not give visiting the dentist such concern, and 14.1% of dental students were smokers. The plaque and gingival indices were significantly higher in preclinical students than clinical students. Conclusion Iraqi dental students had somewhat good oral health behavior and attitudes; however, extra concentrating is required on the anticipatory and behavioral aspects of oral self-care practices. Female dental students displayed better oral health behavior and attitudes than male colleagues on some issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ban Karem Hassan
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Banaz Jabbar Ali
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alyamama Mahmood Alwan
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Raed A Badeia
- Department of Periodontal Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mustansiriyah, Baghdad, Iraq
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Miri-Moghaddam M, Shahrakipour M, Nasseri S, Miri-Moghaddam E. Higher prevalence of water pipe compared to cigarette smoking among medical students in Southeast Iran. Cent Eur J Public Health 2019; 27:188-194. [PMID: 31580552 DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking of water pipe (WP) and cigarettes has recently turned into a major global health burden. The present study aimed at assessing WP and cigarette smoking among Zahedan University of Medical Sciences (ZUMS) students in Iran. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 500 students in ZUMS (182 males, 318 females). The subjects were selected through randomized cluster sampling. Morgan's chart was applied to calculate the sample size; 96.6% of the attendees completed a questionnaire designed to address the aims of the study. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 21.2 ± 2.4 years. WP and cigarette smoker rates were at 31.2% and 15.2%, respectively. The age of smoking initiation ranged between 15 and 20 years. Friends played crucial roles in triggering the smoking in both groups of WP and cigarette smokers (78% and 54%, respectively). The main reasons for WP and cigarette smoking were entertainment followed by curiosity. Furthermore, males used more cigarette (26.5 vs. 8.7%) and WP (50.6 vs. 20.4%) than females. Among father and mother smokers, respectively, 54.2% and 60% of children were also WP smokers (p = 0.001). Also, 21.9% and 60% of children smoking cigarettes had father and mother smokers, respectively (p = 0.05). CONCLUSION Tobacco use, especially for WP seems to be at alarming rates among medical students in Iran. It is highly recommended to control the progressive prevalence of WP smoking by governmental/academic preventive measures as educational and smoking cessation activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Miri-Moghaddam
- Student Research Centre, Faculty of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Shahrakipour
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oral and Dental Disease Research Centre, Health Faculty, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Saeed Nasseri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Miri-Moghaddam
- Department. of Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Alshayban D, Joseph R. A Call for Effective Interventions to Curb Shisha Tobacco Smoking among University Students in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2971-2977. [PMID: 31653143 PMCID: PMC6982670 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.10.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the number of cigarettes smoked has been declining due to major public health initiatives, shisha tobacco smoking is gaining popularity around the world, particularly among youth and university students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among 464 university students in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia using a structured questionnaire (i) to assess the prevalence of shisha smoking; (ii) to evaluate risk-perception, knowledge and normative belief about shisha smoking, and to compare these among users and non-users of shisha. RESULTS The study reported a high prevalence (22.8%) of the current use of shisha among the university students with a narrow gender gap and found that STS is getting more popular than other forms of tobacco. A quarter of participants had low risk perception and 30.2% had low knowledge of shisha smoking harm. Importantly, more than two-fifth of them were current users of shisha. Low risk-perception about shisha and social acceptability were significantly contributed to the high prevalence of shisha smoking among the youth. CONCLUSION It is important to provide exposure to education related to shisha hazards and increase the awareness of students and the public about the health effects of shisha smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhfer Alshayban
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam-31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Royes Joseph
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam-31441, Saudi Arabia
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Alotaibi SA, Alsuliman MA, Durgampudi PK. Smoking tobacco prevalence among college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Induc Dis 2019; 17:35. [PMID: 31516478 PMCID: PMC6662783 DOI: 10.18332/tid/105843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During the last two decades, several studies have been published regarding the prevalence of tobacco smoking among college students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This systematic review and meta-analysis is intended to determine and examine the smoking prevalence in Saudi college students from 2010-2018. METHODS PubMed, Science Direct, APA PsycNET, Web of Science, and CINAHL were used to search for published articles reporting the smoking prevalence among Saudi college students. After eliminating irrelevant articles, investigators independently assessed the quality of each article, based on Russell & Gregory guidelines. MetaXL software was used to calculate the pooled prevalence among included studies, using the IVhert model. Heterogeneity among the included studies was evaluated, using I2 statistic. Sensitivity analyses were conducted between male and female genders. RESULTS Of the 295 published articles, 29 articles used a cross-sectional design to determine smoking prevalence among Saudi college students. Most of the studies were conducted in Riyadh at health-science-related colleges; the rest were performed in different cities and colleges. The meta-analysis showed that the pooled estimate of smoking prevalence among college students in the KSA was 17% (95% CI: 11-23%). Saudi male students had a prevalence rate of 26% (95% CI: 24-29%), whereas for Saudi female students the prevalence was 5% (95% CI: 3-7%). CONCLUSIONS Smoking among Saudi college students was higher than in the majority of regional countries (e.g. Iran). Saudi male students had a higher smoking prevalence than Saudi female college students. Additionally, studies that reported a high prevalence targeted students in specific disciplines. Public health authorities in the KSA should develop a surveillance system that monitors the prevalence of tobacco smoking on campuses. A surveillance system of monitoring tobacco use among Saudi college students could be beneficial in determining the degree of the tobacco problem and in improving current tobacco control programs.
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Fujita Y, Maki K. Associations of smoking behavior with lifestyle and mental health among Japanese dental students. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2018; 18:264. [PMID: 30445940 PMCID: PMC6472720 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-018-1365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease. However, mental stress leads to smoking in dental students. We believe that dentists, as health professionals, should set an example for the public. Therefore, this study determined the prevalence of and factors associated with regular smoking among Japanese dental students. We also surveyed their attitudes regarding smoking cessation and how to counsel smokers about quitting. METHODS We collected demographic and behavioral data from 453 students at Kyushu Dental University, and evaluated their mental health with the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ 12). We also asked them nine questions related to their intentions to counsel smokers about quitting. A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with smoking. RESULTS Fifty-two (11.5%) of the dental students smoked. Univariate analyses indicated that male gender, higher academic year, greater number of times eating out per day, alcohol consumption, prevalence of skipping breakfast, poor health, and poor sleep habits were significantly associated with regular smoking. Regular smokers were less likely to have GHQ 12 scores ≥4. On multivariate analysis, male gender (OR = 5.449, 95% CI = 1.851-16.040), sixth year students (OR = 21.971, 95% CI = 1.686-286.290), eating out two or more times a day (OR = 2.492, 95% CI = 1.165-5.331), drinking alcohol three or more times per week (OR = 9.484, 95% CI = 3.335-26.970), and GHQ 12 score ≥ 4 (OR = 0.339, 95% CI = 0.136-0.845) were significantly associated with regular smoking. Overall, 50.1% of the non-smokers and 71.2% of the regular smokers responded that patients' chances of quitting smoking are not increased when a dentist advises them to quit. CONCLUSIONS Regular smoking was strongly associated with male gender, higher academic year, alcohol consumption, and higher frequency of eating out per day. Mental health status among regular smokers was better than that among non-current smokers. Furthermore, we found that more than half of dental students have inadequate attitudes to advise their patients to quit smoking. It is necessary to develop educational programs regarding smoking for dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Fujita
- All in the Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580 Japan
| | - Kenshi Maki
- All in the Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu, 803-8580 Japan
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Munther S. The effects of cigarette smoking and exercise on total salivary antioxidant activity. Saudi Dent J 2018; 31:31-38. [PMID: 30705566 PMCID: PMC6349960 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study was conducted to determine the effects of both cigarette smoking and exercise on total salivary antioxidants and their impact on periodontal health status. Material & methods the study group consisted of 120 males, 20–25 years old selected from patients at the College of Dentistry/University of Baghdad. The sample was classified into four groups: cigarettes smokers who exercised, cigarettes smokers who did not exercise, non-smokers who exercised, and non-smokers who did not exercise. The smokers smoked 5–15 Oriental tobacco cigarettes daily for 3–5 years and did not use other types of tobacco. Physical exercises were performed for a half-hour to an hour daily either at home or the gym. Stimulated saliva was collected under standardised conditions and chemically analysed to determine the total salivary antioxidants concentration using a Total Antioxidant Capacity Assay Kit. The periodontal component of the Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) was applied to diagnose and record periodontal health status. Data were analysed using SPSS version 19. Results The total salivary antioxidant concentrations were significantly higher among the non-smokers than the smokers and were significantly higher among those who exercised compared to those who did not exercised (P < 0.01). The mean of the periodontal index was significantly higher in the group of smokers than the group of non-smokers and significantly higher among those who did not exercise compared to those who exercised (P < 0.01). Smoking and physical exercises recorded a significant effect on total salivary antioxidants and the mean of the periodontal index (p < 0.01), but there was no significant interaction between these two variables for total salivary antioxidants or the mean of the periodontal index (P > 0.05). Person's correlation coefficient indicated significant negative correlations between the mean of the periodontal index and the total salivary antioxidant concentrations among the four studied groups. Conclusion Cigarette smoking and physical exercise may alter total salivary antioxidants activity and the periodontal health status. However, there is no interaction between cigarette smoking and physical exercise regarding total salivary antioxidants and the periodontal health status. Total salivary antioxidants correlated inversely with the periodontal health status and this correlation was not affected by cigarette smoking or physical exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahba'a Munther
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Iraq
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Shearston JA, Shah K, Cheng E, Moosvi R, Park SH, Patel N, Spielman AI, Weitzman ML. Dental, Dental Hygiene, and Advanced Dental Students' Use, Knowledge, and Beliefs Regarding Tobacco Products. J Dent Educ 2017; 81:1317-1326. [PMID: 29093145 DOI: 10.21815/jde.017.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Using cigarettes and alternative tobacco products (ATPs) is associated with negative oral health outcomes, and dental health professionals are poised to help patients quit. The aim of this study was to determine dental, dental hygiene, and advanced dental students' use, knowledge, and beliefs about cigarettes and ATPs, including perceptions about their education in tobacco dependence treatment and counseling experience. All 1,783 students enrolled in the dental, dental hygiene, and postdoctoral dental programs at the New York University College of Dentistry were invited to participate in the survey in 2016. A total of 708 students at least partially completed the survey, for a response rate of 39.7%. In the results, 146 of the students (20.1%) reported ever using cigarettes, while 253 (35.7%) reported ever using any ATP. Regarding tobacco use intervention, the students reported they had not received enough training on ATPs, were neutral about cigarettes, and were somewhat confident and not so confident counseling a cigarette smoker or ATP user, respectively. By their fourth year, 77.8% of the dental students reported they had counseled someone to stop smoking cigarettes, but only 40.7% had counseled someone to stop using ATPs. Overall, all groups of students reported feeling more confident and had received more education on interventions for cigarettes than for ATPs (p<0.001). These students reported low confidence in helping people quit tobacco and did not perceive they had received enough training on intervening with patients on use of cigarettes and ATPs. These findings call for a revised tobacco education curriculum for dental, dental hygiene, and advanced dental students, focused on building knowledge and confidence for promoting tobacco dependence treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenni A Shearston
- Ms. Shearston is Project Manager, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine and Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center; Dr. Shah is Program Coordinator, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Mr. Cheng is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Mr. Moosvi is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Park is Research Scientist, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine; Dr. Patel is a Master's of Public Health student, Long Island University; Dr. Spielman is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Weitzman is Professor, New York University School of Medicine, Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, and New York University College of Global Public Health.
| | - Krina Shah
- Ms. Shearston is Project Manager, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine and Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center; Dr. Shah is Program Coordinator, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Mr. Cheng is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Mr. Moosvi is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Park is Research Scientist, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine; Dr. Patel is a Master's of Public Health student, Long Island University; Dr. Spielman is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Weitzman is Professor, New York University School of Medicine, Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, and New York University College of Global Public Health
| | - Eric Cheng
- Ms. Shearston is Project Manager, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine and Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center; Dr. Shah is Program Coordinator, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Mr. Cheng is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Mr. Moosvi is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Park is Research Scientist, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine; Dr. Patel is a Master's of Public Health student, Long Island University; Dr. Spielman is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Weitzman is Professor, New York University School of Medicine, Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, and New York University College of Global Public Health
| | - Rizvan Moosvi
- Ms. Shearston is Project Manager, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine and Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center; Dr. Shah is Program Coordinator, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Mr. Cheng is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Mr. Moosvi is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Park is Research Scientist, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine; Dr. Patel is a Master's of Public Health student, Long Island University; Dr. Spielman is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Weitzman is Professor, New York University School of Medicine, Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, and New York University College of Global Public Health
| | - Su Hyun Park
- Ms. Shearston is Project Manager, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine and Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center; Dr. Shah is Program Coordinator, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Mr. Cheng is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Mr. Moosvi is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Park is Research Scientist, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine; Dr. Patel is a Master's of Public Health student, Long Island University; Dr. Spielman is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Weitzman is Professor, New York University School of Medicine, Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, and New York University College of Global Public Health
| | - Naiya Patel
- Ms. Shearston is Project Manager, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine and Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center; Dr. Shah is Program Coordinator, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Mr. Cheng is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Mr. Moosvi is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Park is Research Scientist, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine; Dr. Patel is a Master's of Public Health student, Long Island University; Dr. Spielman is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Weitzman is Professor, New York University School of Medicine, Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, and New York University College of Global Public Health
| | - Andrew I Spielman
- Ms. Shearston is Project Manager, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine and Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center; Dr. Shah is Program Coordinator, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Mr. Cheng is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Mr. Moosvi is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Park is Research Scientist, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine; Dr. Patel is a Master's of Public Health student, Long Island University; Dr. Spielman is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Weitzman is Professor, New York University School of Medicine, Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, and New York University College of Global Public Health
| | - Michael L Weitzman
- Ms. Shearston is Project Manager, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine and Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center; Dr. Shah is Program Coordinator, Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine; Mr. Cheng is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Mr. Moosvi is a dental student, New York University College of Dentistry; Dr. Park is Research Scientist, Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine; Dr. Patel is a Master's of Public Health student, Long Island University; Dr. Spielman is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, New York University College of Dentistry; and Dr. Weitzman is Professor, New York University School of Medicine, Abu Dhabi Public Health Research Center, and New York University College of Global Public Health
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Basudan S, Binanzan N, Alhassan A. Depression, anxiety and stress in dental students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION 2017; 8:179-186. [PMID: 28553831 PMCID: PMC5457790 DOI: 10.5116/ijme.5910.b961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To measure the occurrence and levels of depression, anxiety and stress in undergraduate dental students using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in November and December of 2014. A total of 289 dental students were invited to participate, and 277 responded, resulting in a response rate of 96%. The final sample included 247 participants. Eligible participants were surveyed via a self-reported questionnaire that included the validated DASS-21 scale as the assessment tool and questions about demographic characteristics and methods for managing stress. RESULTS Abnormal levels of depression, anxiety and stress were identified in 55.9%, 66.8% and 54.7% of the study participants, respectively. A multiple linear regression analysis revealed multiple predictors: gender (for anxiety b=-3.589, p=.016 and stress b=-4.099, p=.008), satisfaction with faculty relationships (for depression b=-2.318, p=.007; anxiety b=-2.213, p=.004; and stress b=-2.854, p<.001), satisfaction with peer relationships (for depression b=-3.527, p<.001; anxiety b=-2.213, p=.004; and stress b=-2.854, p<.001), and dentistry as the first choice for field of study (for stress b=-2.648, p=.045). The standardized coefficients demonstrated the relationship and strength of the predictors for each subscale. To cope with stress, students engaged in various activities such as reading, watching television and seeking emotional support from others. CONCLUSIONS The high occurrence of depression, anxiety and stress among dental students highlights the importance of providing support programs and implementing preventive measures to help students, particularly those who are most susceptible to higher levels of these psychological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaya Basudan
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla Binanzan
- Endodontic Postgraduate Program at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Ansari K, Farooqi FA. Comparison and prevalence of smoking among Saudi females from different Departments of the College of Applied Medical Sciences in Dammam. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2017; 11:56-62. [PMID: 29114195 PMCID: PMC5669512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of smoking and factors associated with smoking habits among female students in all departments of College of Applied Medical Science (CAMS) at the University of Dammam. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at CAMSs, University of Dammam. Only female students were included from all the departments of CAMS. The modified structured Global Youth Tobacco Survey was used to collect detailed information about smoking habits and factors associated with smoking. RESULTS A total of 332 out of 408 female students responded to the questionnaire with a response rate of 81%. The overall prevalence of those who tried smoking was 13.3%. Of those, 0.9% were active smokers. Among departments, Respiratory Care Department has the highest prevalence of smoking (25%; n = 11 out of 63) compared to clinical nutrition department where only 11.4% (n = 5 out of 54) either tried smoking or active smokers. The associated factors for smoking were high grade point average (P = 0.01). Interestingly, 61.3% of the sample reported that their first smoking trail was because of their experience to see someone they know is smoking (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION The study results suggest that the prevalence of the current smoking is not significantly high. However, our data of this study suggests that some students tried to smoke in the past which may be considered as a risk factor of becoming regular smokers in the future. The study also reveals that the most common trigger to start smoking is their experience of seeing someone they know is smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Ansari
- Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Khalid Ansari, Department of Respiratory Care, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. Phone: 00966553589299. E-mail:
| | - Faraz Ahmed Farooqi
- Department of Academic AffairsCollege of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Women in Saudi Arabia and the Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 2016:7479357. [PMID: 27777590 PMCID: PMC5061969 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7479357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in Saudi Arabia. Saudi women in particular are more susceptible as there are sociocultural restrictions on female physical activities that may lead to high prevalence of CVD risks, especially obesity, and physical inactivity. This study aims to systematically review the published articles related to the prevalence of CVD risk among women in Saudi Arabia. The search strategy covers all published articles that assess the risk factor of CVD in Saudi Arabia from January 2000 to December 2015, using the following sources: Medline, Embase, and PsycINFO. A total of 61 studies were included. Results. Prevalence among Saudi women of smoking ranged from 1.1% to 9.1%, hypertension was 21.8%, diabetes ranged from 9.6% to 27.6%, overweight was 27%, and obesity was 40.23%, and physical inactivity ranged from 53.2% to 98.1%. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence on Saudi women on average was 24.5%, while metabolic syndrome ranged from 13.6% to 40.3%. Conclusion. The prevalence of CVD risk factors is high among women in Saudi Arabia especially in obesity and physical inactivity. Public health authorities must implement solutions from a gender specific aspect to reverse the trend and decrease the prevalence of CVDs among Saudi women.
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Ansari T, Alghamdi T, Alzahrani M, Alfhaid F, Sami W, Aldahash BA, Aldukhayel DS, Alshanbah FS, Almutairi NM. Risky health behaviors among students in Majmaah University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Family Community Med 2016; 23:133-9. [PMID: 27625578 PMCID: PMC5009881 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8229.189105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Risky behaviors are those that potentially expose people to harm, or significant risk of harm, which prevent them from reaching their potential in life and which can cause significant morbidity or mortality. OBJECTIVES The objectives of the study were to determine the overall prevalence of risky behaviors among university students; to determine the prevalence of smoking, drifting, fast driving and physical inactivity among university students; and to determine the associations between such behavior and demographic characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS An observational cross-sectional study conducted in three colleges. The data were randomly collected from 340 students aged 18-30 years from February to March 2015 using a self-administered questionnaire in Arabic. The data were entered using SPSS v 22.0. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for quantitative variables, and frequency and percentages were computed for categorical variables. Chi-square or Fisher's Exact test, as appropriate, were used to test for statistical significance. RESULTS The overall prevalence of risky behaviors (smoking, drifting, fast driving, and physical inactivity) among students was 47.35%. Overall, 28% of the students were smokers, 25.2% were involved in drifting, 60.9% reported driving fast, and 66.4% were physically inactive. The age between 18-20 years was significantly associated with higher rates of drifting, fast driving, and physical inactivity. CONCLUSION The prevalence of risky behaviors among university students was high. Physical inactivity and fast driving were the most common identified risky behaviors. Increasing awareness of these risks in the youth may significantly decrease related morbidities, complications, and even mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Ansari
- Department of Family Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alghamdi
- Department of Family Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Alzahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alfhaid
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Waqas Sami
- Medical Students, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader A Aldahash
- College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fahad S Alshanbah
- College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif M Almutairi
- College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Al-Ghaneem SG, Al-Nefisah OS. The prevalence of smoking among male students of Majmaah University, KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ward KD, Siddiqi K, Ahluwalia JS, Alexander AC, Asfar T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: The critical need for cessation treatment. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 153:14-21. [PMID: 26054945 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waterpipe use has spread globally, and has substantial negative health effects and nicotine dependence potential. A growing literature addresses cessation-related experiences of waterpipe users, but this literature has not been summarized nor is guidance available on developing and testing cessation interventions. METHOD Authors gathered key empirical papers on waterpipe cessation-related topics, including observational studies about users' perceived ability to quit, interest in quitting, quit rates, and cessation trials. Based on this review, recommendations are made to guide the development and rigorous evaluation of waterpipe cessation interventions. RESULTS Many users want to quit and make quit attempts, but are unsuccessful at doing so on their own; therefore, developing and testing waterpipe cessation interventions should be a priority for global tobacco control efforts. Early efforts have tested waterpipe cessation interventions designed for, or adapted from, cigarette smoking programs. CONCLUSIONS Waterpipe-specific cessation programs that address unique features of waterpipe smoking (e.g., its cultural significance, social uses, and intermittent use pattern) and characteristics and motivations of users who want to quit are needed. Recommendations are provided to move waterpipe cessation intervention development forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth D Ward
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 201 Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152-3450, United States; Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Tishreen Street, Sheehan, PO Box: 16542, Aleppo, Syria.
| | - Kamran Siddiqi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, Seebohm Rowntree Building, Heslington York YO10 5DD, England, United Kingdom
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Rutgers School of Public Health, The State University of New Jersey, 683 Hoes Lane West, Room 235, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - Adam C Alexander
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, 201 Robison Hall, Memphis, TN 38152-3450, United States
| | - Taghrid Asfar
- Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Tishreen Street, Sheehan, PO Box: 16542, Aleppo, Syria; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Suite 912, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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