Influence of extended light exposure curing times on the degree of conversion of resin-based pit and fissure sealant materials

Novel pit and fissure sealant with nano-CaF2 and antibacterial monomer: Fluoride recharge, microleakage, sealing ability and cytotoxicity

Conventional resin-based sealants release minimal fluoride ions (F) and lack antibacterial activity. The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel bioactive sealant containing calcium fluoride nanoparticles (nCaF2) and antibacterial dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and (2) investigate mechanical performance, F recharge and re-release, microleakage, sealing ability and cytotoxicity. Helioseal F served as commercial control. The initial F release from sealant containing 20% nCaF2 was 25-fold that of Helioseal F. After ion exhaustion and recharge, the F re-release from bioactive sealant did not decrease with increasing number of recharge and re-release cycles. Elastic modulus of new bioactive sealant was 44% higher than Helioseal F. The new sealant had excellent sealing, minimal microleakage, and good cytocompatibility. Hence, the nanostructured sealant had substantial and sustained F release and antibacterial activity, good sealing ability and biocompatibility. The novel bioactive nCaF2 sealant is promising to provide long-term F ions for caries prevention.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF A FISSURE SEALANT AND A FLOWABLE COMPOSITE: A 36-MONTH SPLIT-MOUTH, RANDOMIZED CLINICAL STUDY

OBJECTIVES

The purpose of the present clinical evaluation was to investigate the effect of a fissure sealant and a flowable composite at fissures of permanent molars in terms of retention and caries-incidence rates over a 36-month period.

METHODS

Thirty-four patients, ages varied from 16 to 22 years, diagnosed with at least 2 non-cavitated pit-and-fissure caries in the first and second molars were involved in the study. A total of 220 sealants, were placed in 117 upper molars and 103 lower molars. Teeth were sealed with either a flowable resin composite (Tetric Evo Flow) or a sealant material (Helioseal F)(n=110). Each restoration was evaluated in terms of retention and caries incidence at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months according to their location as well. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Friedman and 1-way ANOVA tests at p < 0.05.

RESULTS

Tetric Evo Flow showed total retention with 95.5%, 93.8%, 88.5% and 80.2% at 6, 12, 24 and 36-month follow-ups respectively, while Helioseal F had retention rates of 95.5%, 94.8%, 85.4% and 80.2% respectively. After 36-months, there were 6 subjects totally lost in Helioseal F group, whereas 7 of the Tetric Evo Flow sunjects were totally lost. Caries development was firstly detected at 12-month evaluation for both of the materials however, no significant differences were observed among materials in retention rates or caries incidence after 36-month follow-ups (p>0.05).

SIGNIFICANCE

Using the flowable composite found as effective as the fissure sealant after 36-months regarding retention and caries incidence rates.

Retention of pit and fissure sealants versus flowable composites in permanent teeth: A systematic review

OBJECTIVE

To summarize the available clinical evidence on the relative effectiveness of retention of resin-based pit and fissure sealants (PFS) with that of flowable composites on occlusal surfaces of permanent teeth when evaluated in clinical trials.

SOURCES

Electronic searches were performed in PubMed and Cochrane Library for the identification of relevant studies, from their inception until February 2020 and an additional search was done with the reference lists of included articles.

STUDY SELECTION

The review protocol followed the PRISMA guidelines and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018112805). The risk of bias of the studies was independently appraised using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0).

DATA

Ten articles were considered relevant for qualitative synthesis. The data extracted from two of the included articles showed statistically significant difference between the two materials based on their retention potential, of which one article favored superior retention of flowable composites and one article favored higher retention of PFS and the other eight studies showed no significant difference between the two materials.

CONCLUSION

The current review has shown evidence suggesting the effective retention of resin-based pit-and-fissure sealants and flowable composites when applied to prevent occlusal caries in permanent molars, however, this evidence is of low quality. Carefully designed long-term clinical trials are required to support the results of this review.

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

This is an important topic that would be of significant interest in the field of preventive dentistry, where sealants are the primary recommended method to prevent caries. The clinical efficacy of sealants is directly linked to their potential to retain and this systematic review focuses on comparing the relative effectiveness of resin-based pit-and-fissure-sealants with flowable composites in permanent teeth.

Effectiveness of Seven Types of Sealants: Retention after One Year

Aim

The aim of this study is to determine the retention rate and pattern of different pit and fissure sealants placed on the occlusal surface of newly erupted first permanent molars after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.

Materials and methods

Seventy children were enrolled in this study. They divided into seven groups (m = 10) according to the type of the sealant. The four permanent first molars of each child were sealed. The sealant was applied according to the instructions from the manufacturer. A clinical evaluation was carried out at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The clinical observations were divided into three categories: total retention (TR), partial retention (PR), and total loss (TL).

Results

The resin-based sealant performed better than the glass ionomer-based sealant except for the Ketac Molar Easymix. At 3 months, there was no significant difference among all the tested groups (p > 0.05), while at 6, 9, and 12 months, there was a highly significant difference (p < 0.001). The glass carbomer sealant showed the least retention rate at all intervals.

Conclusion

With an exception of the Ketac Molar Easymix, resin-based sealers performed better than glass ionomer-based sealers.

Clinical significance

A proper application of pit and fissure sealant will decrease the chance for caries development in newly erupted teeth.

How to cite this article

Hassan AM, Mohammed SG. Effectiveness of Seven Types of Sealants: Retention after One Year. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2019;12(2):96-100.

Retention of pit and fissure sealant versus flowable composite: An in vivo one-year comparative evaluation

INTRODUCTION

Pits and fissures are extremely vulnerable to the development of caries. Resin-based materials for sealing pits and fissures (pit and fissure sealants and flowable composites) are helpful in caries control by physical barrier formation, which prevents metabolic exchange between fissure microorganisms and oral environment. Retention is one of the most important prerequisites for pit and fissure sealants. Debris and pellicle might not be removed by conventional prophylaxis and etching; therefore, air abrasion (AB) for fissure preparation has been advocated for sealant retention. This in vivo study was aimed to compare the retention of resin-based pit and fissure sealant to flowable resin composition occlusal pits and fissures of all first permanent molars with and without air-abrasion over a 12-month follow-up.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A randomized controlled clinical trial was done after obtaining ethical committee approval and informed and written consent. Thirty children with the age of 6-9 years, with all four caries-free first permanent molars without any hypoplasia/fracture but with pits and fissures prone to caries were included in this study. The four first molars were divided into the following four groups: Group A (tooth 16; sealant + AB), B (tooth 46; composite + AB), C (tooth 36; sealant), and D (tooth 26; composite). Assessments were made at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months for partial or total loss of sealant and caries according to Modified Simonsen's Criteria.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Flowable composite was relatively better retained than sealant at 12 months' follow-up although results were statistically insignificant. AB followed by acid etching brought superior retention than acid etching. Mandibular teeth have shown relatively superior retention. Future studies should aim at investigating better techniques and materials for sealing pit and fissures.

Comparison of Clinical Success of Applying a Kind of Fissure Sealant on the Lower Permanent Molar Teeth in Dry and Wet Conditions

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Fissure sealant therapy is among the most effective methods of preventing dental caries. However, it is lengthy and isolation of the teeth is difficult in this procedure especially in young children. Using new hydrophilic fissure sealant may reduce such problems.

PURPOSE

This study aimed to evaluate the clinical success of a hydrophilic fissure sealant on the lower permanent molar teeth in dry and wet conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

This clinical trial assessed 31 patients (mean age 8.13±1.77 years) who needed fissure sealant therapy on their first or second mandibular permanent molar. Having performed dental prophylaxis, the teeth were etched and rinsed. Then one of the two was randomly selected and sealed with smartseal & loc in isolated and dry conditions; while, the other was wetted on the etched enamel by using a saliva-contaminated micro brush, and was then sealed with the same fissure as the first tooth. Six and 12 months later, two independent observers examined the clinical success of sealant through checking the marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, and anatomical form. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software, version 16. The bivariate Chi-square and Exact Fisher tests were used to compare the clinical success of the two treatment methods.

RESULTS

There was a high interpersonal reliability between the two examiners (K= 0.713). After 12 months, 90.3% clinical success was observed in dry conditions and 83.9% in wet conditions for smartseal & loc; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p= 0.0707).

CONCLUSION

According to the results of this study, it seems that using new hydrophilic fissure sealant can reduce technical sensitivities and consequently decreases the apprehensions on saliva contamination of etched enamel during treatment procedures.