1
|
Arshad T, Shoaib Khan HM, Khan KUR, Al-Roujayee AS, Mohany M, Ahmad M, Maryam S, Akram MB, Shaukat H, Khursheed U, Aboul-Soud MAM. In vitro and split-faced placebo-controlled in vivo study on the skin rejuvenating effects of cream loaded with bioactive extract of Indigofera argentea Burm.f. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1352045. [PMID: 38645558 PMCID: PMC11027502 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1352045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The bioactive extracts of traditional medicinal plants are rich in polyphenols and help to rejuvenate skin. The study was designed to assess the skin rejuvenating effects of a stable cream enriched with 4% I. argentea (IaMe) extract. The quantity of polyphenols by spectrophotometric methods was TPC, 101.55 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content; 77.14 ± 0.13 mg QE/g, while HPLC-PDA revealed gallic acid; 4.91, chlorogenic acid 48.12, p-coumaric acid 0.43, and rutin 14.23 μg/g. The significant results of biological activities were observed as DPPH; 81.81% ± 0.05%, tyrosinase; 72% ± 0.23% compared to ascorbic acid (92.43% ± 0.03%), and kojic acid (78.80% ± 0.19%) respectively. Moreover, the promising sun protection effects Sun protection factor of extract (20.53) and formulation (10.59) were observed. The active cream formulation (w/o emulsion) was developed with liquid paraffin, beeswax, IaMe extract, and ABIL EM 90, which was stable for 90 days as shown by various stability parameters. The rheological results demonstrated the active formulation's non-Newtonian and pseudo-plastic characteristics and nearly spherical globules by SEM. The IaMe loaded cream was further investigated on human trial subjects for skin rejuvenating effects and visualized in 3D skin images. Herein, the results were significant compared to placebo. IaMe formulation causes a substantial drop in skin melanin from -1.70% (2 weeks) to -10.8% (12 weeks). Furthermore, it showed a significant increase in skin moisture and elasticity index from 7.7% to 39.15% and 2%-30%, respectively. According to the findings, Indigofera argentea extract has promising bioactivities and skin rejuvenating properties, rationalizing the traditional use and encouraging its exploitation for effective and economical cosmeceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tahreem Arshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Haji Muhammad Shoaib Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Abdulaziz S. Al-Roujayee
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, College of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Mohany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sana Maryam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Akram
- APHA-American Pharmacist Association, Washington, DC, United States
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Shaukat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Umair Khursheed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Mourad A. M. Aboul-Soud
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brassinin Abundant in Brassicaceae Suppresses Melanogenesis through Dual Mechanisms of Tyrosinase Inhibition. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010121. [PMID: 36613338 PMCID: PMC9818315 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassinin is a phytoalexin abundant in plants, especially in cabbage, and has been reported to act as an anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory agent. However, limited studies are available to elucidate the functionalities of brassinin. Here, we tested the effects of brassinin on melanogenesis using cell-free and cell-based biochemical analysis and docking simulation. Cell-free experiments exhibited that brassinin has antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. When applied to B16F10 cells stimulated with a melanogenesis inducer α-MSH, brassinin pretreatment significantly reduced melanin accumulation and cellular tyrosinase activity. Docking simulation indicates that the docking score of brassinin to the binding pocket of tyrosinase is better than that of kojic acid or arbutin, anti-melanogenic positive controls, indicating that brassinin inhibits melanogenesis at least partially by binding to and inactivating tyrosinase. In addition, qPCR results showed that brassinin reduced tyrosinase mRNA levels. Together, these results suggest that brassinin exerts anti-melanogenesis effects by inhibiting both the activity and mRNA expression levels of tyrosinase. Therefore, our study showed that brassinin has the potential to be used in pharmaceutical or cosmetic products for depigmentation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Photoprotection behaviors can mitigate skin damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, and common methods include seeking shade, avoiding sun exposure during peak daylight hours, wearing sun-protective clothing, applying sunscreen, and using sunglasses. While the role of sun protection in preventing sunburns, photoaging, and skin cancer is well established in fair-skinned populations, individuals with skin of color (SOC) are presumed to suffer fewer negative effects from solar radiation. Thus, the importance of photoprotection in this population is understudied and may be underestimated. In SOC populations, sun exposure is known to cause pigmentary disorders, photoaging, and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), highlighting the potential benefits of photoprotection. Although SOC populations tend to practice photoprotection by seeking shade and wearing sun-protective clothing, survey and interview-based studies have consistently found relatively low use of sunscreen among these populations. Common motivators for photoprotection in individuals with SOC include preventing sunburn and pigmentation, with the prevention of skin cancer being a less important reason. As a skin cancer risk behavior, indoor tanning is relatively rare in SOC populations, but its use may increase with acculturation to US norms. While more studies are necessary to clarify whether photoprotection behaviors may decrease skin cancer-related mortality in SOC populations, regular dermatologic care and counseling on photoprotection remain essential in patients with SOC for overall skin health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Tsai
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Suite 8060C, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Anna L Chien
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline Street, Suite 8060C, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo X, Yang J. Preparation of oleic acid–carboxymethylcellulose sodium composite vesicle and its application in encapsulating nicotinamide. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangnan Guo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| | - Jisheng Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University Yangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rathee P, Kumar S, Kumar D, Kumari B, Yadav SS. Skin hyperpigmentation and its treatment with herbs: an alternative method. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With an increasing number of patients, those who are facing a lot of skin-related complaints, often referred to as skin of pigmentation patients, are on the rise. Among all the most common complaints in patients with skin of color is hyperpigmentation. So, there is need of herbal formulation for treatment of hyperpigmentation.
Main body
This review article addresses the different types of hyperpigmentation, causes, and its treatment with herbs for the management of the skin hyperpigmentation. As uneven pigmentation of skin or hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition, which occurs when the skin produces more melanin. This can make spots or patches of skin appear darker than surrounding areas. Some forms of hyperpigmentation with post-inflammatory, melasma, and sun spots are more likely to affect areas of face, arms, and legs due to sun exposure and injury. Although the availability of multiple treatments for the condition which leads to some adverse effects, hyperpigmentation continues to present skin care management challenges for dermatologists.
Conclusion
Some plants and phytoconstituents, e.g., Azadirachta indica, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Panax ginseng and genistein, ellagic acids, quercetin, are very useful in herbal cosmetic as anti-hyperpigmentry agents in cosmetic industries. Some of flavonoids and triterpenoids present in plants also show their effect as antioxidant and skin whitening agents. It is expected that this review will compile and improve the existing knowledge on the potential utilization of herbs for the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation.
Collapse
|
6
|
Tran JVH, Lultschik SDJ, Sapra S, Dong K, Gusic K, Goldstein M. Intralesional cryotherapy with triamcinolone and onabotulinumtoxinA injections for umbilical keloid: A case report. Scars Burn Heal 2021; 7:20595131211049040. [PMID: 34987863 PMCID: PMC8721406 DOI: 10.1177/20595131211049040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Keloid scars are therapeutically challenging and although many treatment options exist, there are no specific guidelines, and few reports have discussed keloids in the umbilical region. Methods Here, we present a successful treatment of a 31-year-old female with a history of a recurrent keloid in the umbilical region. The keloid was treated using intralesional cryotherapy followed by intralesional onabotulinumtoxinA and triamcinolone acetonide injections. Discussion The patient expressed high satisfaction, minimal side effects, and no recurrence. Conclusion Overall, due to the low rate of side effects, high patient satisfaction, and absence of recurrence, this treatment modality should be considered as an option for umbilical keloids. Lay Summary Background to subject: Keloids are a type of scar that are difficult to treat. There are many treatment options available, but there is no single best treatment for keloids that form around the belly button region. Question being asked: Is intralesional cryotherapy with intralesional onabotulinumtoxinA and triamcinolone acetonide injections effective at treating keloids in the belly button region? How the work was conducted: We treated a 31-year-old female with a keloid around the belly button region that returned after prior treatment. The keloid was treated using combination therapy of freezing the keloid from the inside out, which is called intralesional cryotherapy. This was followed by two types of injections, called onabotulinumtoxinA and triamcinolone acetonide, directly into the keloid. What we learned: Overall, due to the low rate of side effects, high patient satisfaction and the keloid not returning, this treatment plan should be considered as an option for keloids in the belly button region. What we did not learn: This treatment may or may not be effective and safe for all patients of all skin types and demographics as this treatment was performed for only one patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sheetal Sapra
- Institute of Cosmetic and Laser Surgery, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Dong
- Institute of Cosmetic and Laser Surgery, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | - Klaudija Gusic
- Institute of Cosmetic and Laser Surgery, Oakville, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation: A comprehensive overview: Treatment options and prevention. J Am Acad Dermatol 2017; 77:607-621. [PMID: 28917452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) occurs after various dermatoses, exogenous stimuli, and dermatologic procedures. The clinical course of PIH is chronic and unpredictable, although the probability of resolution of epidermal hyperpigmentation is better than those of dermal hyperpigmentation. PIH can be prevented or alleviated. When it does occur, the underlying inflammatory conditions should be sought and treated as the first step to reduce the progression of inflammation and PIH (which is an inflammatory consequence). If the inflammatory conditions subsides or there is no evidence of inflammation at the time of diagnosis, the treatments of PIH should be considered as the next step. Understanding the available treatment options helps the physician choose the appropriate treatment for each patient. Having a reproducible model for PIH is essential for the development of treatment modalities. The second article in this 2-part continuing medical education series on PIH specifically addresses the evidence that supports medical and procedural treatments of PIH and other forms of acquired hyperpigmentation. It also describes a PIH model and provides an algorithm for clinical practice along with discussion about the prevention of PIH.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nouveau S, Agrawal D, Kohli M, Bernerd F, Misra N, Nayak CS. Skin Hyperpigmentation in Indian Population: Insights and Best Practice. Indian J Dermatol 2016; 61:487-95. [PMID: 27688436 PMCID: PMC5029232 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.190103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin pigmentation is one of the most strikingly variable phenotypes in humans, therefore making cutaneous pigmentation disorders frequent symptoms manifesting in a multitude of forms. The most common among them include lentigines, postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, dark eye circles, and melasma. Variability of skin tones throughout the world is well-documented, some skin tones being reported as more susceptible to pigmentation disorders than others, especially in Asia and India. Furthermore, exposure to ultraviolet radiation is known to trigger or exacerbate pigmentation disorders. Preventive strategies for photoprotection and treatment modalities including topical and other medical approaches have been adopted by dermatologists to mitigate these disorders. This review article outlines the current knowledge on pigmentation disorders including pathophysiology, molecular profiling, and therapeutic options with a special focus on the Indian population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Nouveau
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, France
| | - Divya Agrawal
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal India Pvt. Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Malavika Kohli
- Department of Dermatology, Jaslok Hospital and Breach Candy Hospital Trust, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Francoise Bernerd
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal Research and Innovation, France
| | - Namita Misra
- Department of Advanced Research, L'Oreal India Pvt. Limited, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chitra Shivanand Nayak
- Department of Dermatology, Leprology and Venereology, Topiwala National Medical College and B. Y. L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohammad TF, Hamzavi IH. Practice and Educational Gaps in Abnormal Pigmentation. Dermatol Clin 2016; 34:291-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.det.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
10
|
Desmedt B, Courselle P, De Beer J, Rogiers V, Grosber M, Deconinck E, De Paepe K. Overview of skin whitening agents with an insight into the illegal cosmetic market in Europe. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2016; 30:943-50. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Desmedt
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety; Section Medicinal Products; Scientific Institute of Public Health (IPH); Brussels Belgium
- Department of Toxicology, Dermato-Cosmetology and Pharmacognosy; Centre for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhar); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - P. Courselle
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety; Section Medicinal Products; Scientific Institute of Public Health (IPH); Brussels Belgium
| | - J.O. De Beer
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety; Section Medicinal Products; Scientific Institute of Public Health (IPH); Brussels Belgium
| | - V. Rogiers
- Department of Toxicology, Dermato-Cosmetology and Pharmacognosy; Centre for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhar); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - M. Grosber
- Department of Dermatology; Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel; Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - E. Deconinck
- Division of Food, Medicines and Consumer Safety; Section Medicinal Products; Scientific Institute of Public Health (IPH); Brussels Belgium
| | - K. De Paepe
- Department of Toxicology, Dermato-Cosmetology and Pharmacognosy; Centre for Pharmaceutical Research (CePhar); Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Campos PM, Prudente AS, Horinouchi CDDS, Cechinel-Filho V, Fávero GM, Cabrini DA, Otuki MF. Inhibitory effect of GB-2a (I3-naringenin-II8-eriodictyol) on melanogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 174:224-229. [PMID: 26297636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE GB-2a is a I3-naringenin-II8-eriodictyol compound isolated from Garcinia gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi, a plant used in folk medicine for the treatment of skin disorders. AIM OF STUDY In the search for new depigmenting agents, this study was carried out to investigate the in vitro effects of GB-2a isolated from G. gardneriana (Planchon & Triana) Zappi in B16F10 melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of GB-2a were evaluated through determination of melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 melanoma cells in comparison with the reference drug kojic acid (500µM). In parallel, the GB-2a effect was assessed in a cell viability assay. Mushroom tyrosinase activity assays were conducted to verify the effect of this enzyme. In order to ascertain the nature of enzyme inhibition on tyrosinase, kinetics analysis of the GB-2a was performed with L-tyrosine and L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) substrates. RESULTS The results showed that GB-2a biflavonoid significantly inhibited the melanin content, without reducing cell viability. GB-2a also showed a strong antityrosinase activity in the mushroom tyrosinase assay. GB-2a inhibited the tyrosinase activity, exerting a mixed inhibition. For the L-tyrosine substrate the inhibition was in non-competitive mode and for L-DOPA it was in uncompetitive mode. CONCLUSION GB-2a biflavonoid promoted inhibition on tyrosinase activity and reduced melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells, which suggests great potential for medical and cosmetic uses as a depigmenting agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Mazureki Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Parana, CEP 80210-170, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Valdir Cechinel-Filho
- Investigation Centre of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Itajai Valley, CEP 88302-202, Itajai, SC, Brazil
| | - Giovani Marino Fávero
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Ponta Grossa, CEP 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Almeida Cabrini
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, CEP 81530-900, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Michel Fleith Otuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, CEP 81530-900, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Current knowledge in Polypodium leucotomos effect on skin protection. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 307:199-209. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1535-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Huang YC, Liu KC, Chiou YL, Yang CH, Chen TH, Li TT, Liu LL. Fenofibrate suppresses melanogenesis in B16-F10 melanoma cells via activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 205:157-64. [PMID: 23872139 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fenofibrate and ciglitazone belong to the classes of fibrates and thiazolidinediones, respectively. Their pharmacological actions on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) present a potential therapy for hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. However, the melanogenesis affected by PPAR ligands in melanocytes has not been well investigated. By determining the melanin content of cells treated with PPAR agonists, we showed that fenofibrate significantly reduced melanin synthesis, but its major active metabolite, fenofibric acid, did not. Notably, the suppression of melanogenesis by fenofibrate could not be prevented by the PPARα specific antagonist GW6471. In addition, T0901317, a liver X receptor (LXR) agonist, restored the antimelanogenic activity of fenofibrate. Accordingly, fenofibrate may suppress melanogenesis through a PPARα-independent pathway. Treatment of cells with fenofibrate led to the down-regulated gene expression of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R). Fenofibrate also attenuated the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-staining activity and expression of tyrosinase as well as the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). The phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was stimulated by fenofibrate. Furthermore, the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 prevented the repressive effects of fenofibrate on the melanin production. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that fenofibrate inhibits melanin synthesis via the down-regulation of MC1R, the up-regulation of p38 MAPK, and interference with LXR signaling pathways to decrease the expression of tyrosinase in B16-F10 melanoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chun Huang
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, No. 200, Sec. 7, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu Dist., Taichung City 43301, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Merinville E, Byrne AJ, Visdal-Johnsen L, Bouvry G, Gillbro JM, Rawlings AV, Laloeuf A. Clinical evaluation of a dioic acid-based formulation on facial skin in an Indian population. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 34:575-81. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Merinville
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute AB; Stockholm; Sweden
| | - A. J. Byrne
- Oriflame R&D Ltd; Ori-Derm Clinical Testing & Evaluation; Bray; Ireland
| | | | - G. Bouvry
- Oriflame Research & Development Ltd; Bray; Ireland
| | - J. M. Gillbro
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute AB; Stockholm; Sweden
| | | | - A. Laloeuf
- Oriflame Skin Research Institute AB; Stockholm; Sweden
| |
Collapse
|