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Zhenyu C, Le C, Shiyong Z, Jinding L, Mingzhong L, Haifeng T, Rongdong Z. Application of two-sample Mendelian randomization method to assess the causal relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporotic fracture. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1388968. [PMID: 38799148 PMCID: PMC11116583 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1388968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoporotic fracture has garnered considerable attention; however, the causal relationships between diseases remain uncertain. Therefore, this study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal effects of RA on osteoporotic fracture. Methods The summary data for RA and osteoporotic fracture were extracted from the genome-wide association studies (GWAS) catalog and the Finn Biobank database. The database provides information about diseased and health control subjects. We searched the database for the following conditions: RA, osteoporosis (OP), and osteoporotic fractures. Entries were published by investigating centers, which had established definitions and diagnostic criteria. We downloaded and processed the data to obtain the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly associated with RA, OP, and osteoporotic fracture. RA genetic associations were obtained from the GWAS catalog, including 1961 cases and 454,387 controls. The osteoporosis of the GWAS catalog involved 991 cases and 455,357 controls, and the data of the Finn Biobank involved 8,017 cases and 391,037 controls. Genetic associations for osteoporotic fracture were taken from the Finn Biobank of 1822 cases and 311,210 controls. Independent SNPs that are significantly associated with meeting the criteria of p < 5 × 10-8, r2 < 0.001, and kb = 10,000 were selected for MR analysis. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method along with other MR methods was employed for analysis, while sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess reliability and stability. Results The results provided strong evidence that RA was causally and positively associated with osteoporosis from the GWAS catalog (OR = 1.16590; 95% CI: 1.04067-1.30619; p = 0.00811) and the Finn Biobank database (OR = 1.07314; 95% CI: 1.03455-1.11317; p = 0.00016). Moreover, a positive causal relationship was detected between RA and osteoporotic fracture (OR = 1.10132; 95% CI: 1.00506-1.20680; p = 0.03863). The results were robust according to sensitivity tests. Conclusion This study showed positive causal relationships between RA and osteoporotic fracture. These results should be considered in further studies and public health measures on osteoporosis prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhenyu
- Department of Orthopedics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chang Le
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zeng Shiyong
- Medical Research Center of Quanzhou Medical College, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Jinding
- Department of Orthopedics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Liu Mingzhong
- Department of Orthopedics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Tang Haifeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zeng Rongdong
- Department of Orthopedics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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Matsumoto M, Onda S, Igarashi Y, Hamura R, Uwagawa T, Furukawa K, Shirai Y, Gocho T, Haruki K, Ikegami T. Osteosarcopenia is a significant predictor of recurrence and the prognosis after resection for extrahepatic bile duct cancer. Surg Today 2024; 54:407-418. [PMID: 37700170 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-023-02747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the impact of osteosarcopenia on recurrence and the prognosis after resection for extrahepatic biliary tract cancer (EBTC). METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 138 patients after resection for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (11), distal cholangiocarcinoma (54), gallbladder carcinoma (30), or ampullary carcinoma (43). Osteosarcopenia is defined as the concomitant occurrence of osteopenia and sarcopenia. We investigated the relationship between osteosarcopenia and the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS Osteosarcopenia was identified in 38 patients (27.5%) before propensity score (PS) matching. In the multivariate analysis, the independent recurrence factors were the prognostic nutrition index (p = 0.015), osteosarcopenia (p < 0.001), poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p = 0.004), perineural invasion (p = 0.002), and non-curability (p = 0.008), whereas the independent prognostic factors were prognostic nutrition index (p = 0.030), osteosarcopenia (p < 0.001), poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (p = 0.007), lymphatic invasion (p = 0.018), and non-curability (p = 0.004). After PS matching, there was no significant difference in the variables between the patients with and without osteosarcopenia (n = 34 each). The 5-year DFS and OS after PS matching in patients with osteosarcopenia were significantly worse than in patients without osteosarcopenia (17.6% vs. 38.8%, p = 0.013 and 20.6% vs. 57.4%, p = 0.0005, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative osteosarcopenia could predict the DFS and OS of patients after resection for EBTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinori Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Shinji Onda
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yosuke Igarashi
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Ryoga Hamura
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uwagawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kenei Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shirai
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takeshi Gocho
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Koichiro Haruki
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan.
| | - Toru Ikegami
- Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
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Liu M, Wei X, Xing X, Cheng Y, Ma Z, Ren J, Gao X, Xu A. Predicting fracture risk for elderly osteoporosis patients by hybrid machine learning model. Digit Health 2024; 10:20552076241257456. [PMID: 38798883 PMCID: PMC11119487 DOI: 10.1177/20552076241257456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Osteoporotic fractures significantly impact individuals's quality of life and exert substantial pressure on the social pension system. This study aims to develop prediction models for osteoporotic fracture and uncover potential risk factors based on Electronic Health Records (EHR). Methods Data of patients with osteoporosis were extracted from the EHR of Xinhua Hospital (July 2012-October 2017). Demographic and clinical features were used to develop prediction models based on 12 independent machine learning (ML) algorithms and 3 hybrid ML models. To facilitate a nuanced interpretation of the results, a comprehensive importance score was conceived, incorporating various perspectives to effectively discern and mine critical features from the data. Results A total of 8530 patients with osteoporosis were included for analysis, of which 1090 cases (12.8%) were fracture patients. The hybrid model that synergistically combines the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and XGBoost algorithms demonstrated the best predictive performance in terms of accuracy and precision (above 90%) among all benchmark models. Blood Calcium, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), C-reactive Protein (CRP), Apolipoprotein A/B ratio and High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were statistically found to be associated with osteoporotic fracture. Conclusions The hybrid machine learning model can be a reliable tool for predicting the risk of fracture in patients with osteoporosis. It is expected to assist clinicians in identifying high-risk fracture patients and implementing early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Xing
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Cheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zicheng Ma
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwu Ren
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Scalable Computing and Systems, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ajing Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Schmid A, Karrasch T, Schäffler A. The emerging role of bile acids in white adipose tissue. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:718-734. [PMID: 37648561 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of bile acids (BAs) on liver, enteroendocrine function, small intestine, and brown adipose tissue have been described extensively. Outside the liver, BAs in the peripheral circulation system represent a specific but underappreciated physiological compartment. We discuss how systemic BAs can be regarded as specific steroidal hormones that act on white adipocytes, and suggest the name 'bilokines' ('bile hormones') for the specific FXR/TGR5 receptor interaction in adipocytes. Some BAs and their agonists regulate adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, hypoxia, autophagy, adipokine and cytokine secretion, insulin signaling, and glucose uptake. BA signaling could provide a new therapeutic avenue for adipoflammation and metaflammation in visceral obesity, the causal mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Schmid
- Basic Research Laboratory for Molecular Endocrinology, Adipocyte Biology, and Biochemistry, University of Giessen, D 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University of Giessen, D 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Andreas Schäffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, University of Giessen, D 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Amadeu de Oliveira F, Tokuhara CK, Veeriah V, Domezi JP, Santesso MR, Cestari TM, Ventura TMO, Matos AA, Dionísio T, Ferreira MR, Ortiz RC, Duarte MAH, Buzalaf MAR, Ponce JB, Sorgi CA, Faccioli LH, Buzalaf CP, de Oliveira RC. The Multifarious Functions of Leukotrienes in Bone Metabolism. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1135-1153. [PMID: 37314430 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism by the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) enzyme. The production of LTs is stimulated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis, and periodontitis, with a relevant contribution to bone resorption. However, its role in bone turnover, particularly the suppression of bone formation by modulating the function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, remains unclear. We investigated the effects of LTs on bone metabolism and their impact on osteogenic differentiation and osteoclastogenesis using a 5-LO knockout (KO) mouse model. Results from micro-computed tomography (μCT) analysis of femur from 8-week-old 5-LO-deficient mice showed increased cortical bone and medullary region in females and males and decreased trabecular bone in females. In the vertebra, we observed increased marrow area in both females and males 5-LO KO and decreased trabecular bone only in females 5-LO KO. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis showed higher levels of osteogenic markers tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) and osteopontin (OPN) and lower expression of osteoclastogenic marker tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in the femurs of 5-LO KO mice versus wild-type (WT). Alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization assay results showed that the 5-LO absence enhances osteoblasts differentiation and mineralization but decreases the proliferation. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Bglap, and Sp7 gene expression were higher in 5-LO KO osteoblasts compared to WT cells. Eicosanoids production was higher in 5-LO KO osteoblasts except for thromboxane 2, which was lower in 5-LO-deficient mice. Proteomic analysis identified the downregulation of proteins related to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism in 5-LO KO osteoblasts, and the upregulation of transcription factors such as the adaptor-related protein complex 1 (AP-1 complex) in long bones from 5-LO KO mice leading to an increased bone formation pattern in 5-LO-deficient mice. We observed enormous differences in the morphology and function of osteoclasts with reduced bone resorption markers and impaired osteoclasts in 5-LO KO compared to WT osteoclasts. Altogether, these results demonstrate that the absence of 5-LO is related to the greater osteogenic profile. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Amadeu de Oliveira
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cintia K Tokuhara
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Human Genetics Program, Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Vimal Veeriah
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - João Paulo Domezi
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Tania M Cestari
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana A Matos
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Dionísio
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel R Ferreira
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael C Ortiz
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco A H Duarte
- Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José B Ponce
- Department of Medicine, University Center of Adamantina, Adamantina, SP, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, Faculdades de Dracena, Dracena, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Sorgi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia H Faccioli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, Comninos AN. Effects of distinct Polycystic Ovary Syndrome phenotypes on bone health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1163771. [PMID: 37251667 PMCID: PMC10213631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1163771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent and heterogenous endocrinopathy affecting 5-18% of women. Although its cardinal features include androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology, women often display related metabolic manifestations, including hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Emerging data reveal that the hormonal alterations associated with PCOS also impact bone metabolism. However, inconsistent evidence exists as to whether PCOS is a bone-protective or bone-hindering disorder with an accumulating body of clinical data indicating that hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity may have a relative protective influence on bone, whereas chronic low-grade inflammation and vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect bone health. Herein, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the endocrine and metabolic manifestations associated with PCOS and their relative effects on bone metabolism. We focus principally on clinical studies in women investigating their contribution to the alterations in bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and ultimately fracture risk in PCOS. A thorough understanding in this regard will indicate whether women with PCOS require enhanced surveillance of bone health in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G. Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Nicoară DM, Munteanu AI, Scutca AC, Mang N, Juganaru I, Brad GF, Mărginean O. Assessing the Relationship between Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index and Metabolic Syndrome in Children with Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098414. [PMID: 37176120 PMCID: PMC10179406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a worldwide concern as many countries have reported an increase in its incidence, with possible cardiovascular long-term implications. The mechanism that links cardiovascular disease to obesity is related to low-grade inflammation. We designed this study to investigate the diagnostic utility of inflammatory indices (NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; SIRI, systemic inflammation response index) in obese children with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and their relationship with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers, such as the Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG:HDL-C), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C). A total of 191 obese children from one large Romanian reference center was included in the study. Patients were classified in two groups according to the presence (MetS group) or absence (non-MetS group) of metabolic syndrome. According to our results, the SII index proved to have diagnostic value in distinguishing MetS patients among children with obesity (AUC = 0.843, a sensitivity of 0.83, and a specificity of 0.63). Furthermore, the SII was positively associated with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers (HOMA-IR, p < 0.001; TG:HDL-C, p = 0.002; non-HDL-C, p = 0.021), highlighting its possible role as an additional measure of cardiometabolic instability in obese children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia-Maria Nicoară
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrei-Ioan Munteanu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", 300040 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics I, Children's Emergency Hospital "Louis Turcanu", 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra-Cristina Scutca
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", 300040 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics I, Children's Emergency Hospital "Louis Turcanu", 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Niculina Mang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", 300040 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iulius Juganaru
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", 300040 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics I, Children's Emergency Hospital "Louis Turcanu", 300011 Timisoara, Romania
- Department XI Pediatrics, Discipline I Pediatrics, Disturbances of Growth and Development in Children-BELIVE, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Giorgiana-Flavia Brad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", 300040 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics I, Children's Emergency Hospital "Louis Turcanu", 300011 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Otilia Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", 300040 Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Pediatrics I, Children's Emergency Hospital "Louis Turcanu", 300011 Timisoara, Romania
- Department XI Pediatrics, Discipline I Pediatrics, Disturbances of Growth and Development in Children-BELIVE, 300011 Timisoara, Romania
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Lee GH, Hoang TH, Lee HY, Lim YJ, Kim JH, Jung SJ, Chae SW, Rashid MMU, Chae HJ, Yoon SJ. Ramie leaf Extract Alleviates Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats-The Involvement of ROS and Its Associated Signalings. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15030745. [PMID: 36771450 PMCID: PMC9918923 DOI: 10.3390/nu15030745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ramie leaf (Boehmeria nivea L.) has been traditionally used to treat gynecological and bone-related disorders. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Ramie leaf extracts (RLE) against osteoporosis in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Female SD rats aged seven weeks were randomly assigned into five OVX and a sham-operated (sham) group. OVX subgroups include OVX, vehicle-treated OVX group; E2, OVX with 100 μg/kg 17β-estradiol; and RLE 0.25, 0.5, and 1, OVX rats treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1 g/kg/day RLE, respectively. Two weeks into the bilateral ovariectomy, all the rats were orally administered with or without RLE daily for 12 weeks. OVX rats administered with RLE showed higher bone density, relatively low tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts, and lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) within bone tissues compared to vehicle-treated OVX rats. Furthermore, supplementation of RLE improved bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microstructure in the total femur. RLE prevented RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes such as Cal-R, MMP-9, cathepsin K, and TRAP in RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, RLE administration lowered the intracellular ROS levels by reducing NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX-1) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE). These results suggest that RLE alleviates bone mass loss in the OVX rats by inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, where reduced ROS and its associated signalings were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Hwa Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - The-Hiep Hoang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue University, Hue 52000, Vietnam
| | - Hwa-Young Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Je Lim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jung
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Mamun Ur Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Non-Clinical Evaluation Center, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (S.-J.Y.)
| | - Sun-Jung Yoon
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (H.-J.C.); (S.-J.Y.)
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9
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Dioum EHM, Schneider KL, Vigerust DJ, Cox BD, Chu Y, Zachwieja JJ, Furman D. Oats Lower Age-Related Systemic Chronic Inflammation (iAge) in Adults at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214471. [PMID: 36364734 PMCID: PMC9656573 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being largely preventable, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still the leading cause of death globally. Recent studies suggest that the immune system, particularly a form of systemic chronic inflammation (SCI), is involved in the mechanisms leading to CVD; thus, targeting SCI may help prevent or delay the onset of CVD. In a recent placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, an oat product providing 3 g of β-Glucan improved cholesterol low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and lowered cardiovascular risk in adults with borderline high cholesterol. Here, we conducted a secondary measurement of the serum samples to test whether the oat product has the potential to reduce SCI and improve other clinical outcomes related to healthy aging. We investigated the effects of the oat product on a novel metric for SCI called Inflammatory Age® (iAge®), derived from the Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project. The iAge® predicts multimorbidity, frailty, immune decline, premature cardiovascular aging, and all-cause mortality on a personalized level. A beneficial effect of the oat product was observed in subjects with elevated levels of iAge® at baseline (>49.6 iAge® years) as early as two weeks post-treatment. The rice control group did not show any significant change in iAge®. Interestingly, the effects of the oat product on iAge® were largely driven by a decrease in the Eotaxin-1 protein, an aging-related chemokine, independent of a person’s gender, body mass index, or chronological age. Thus, we describe a novel anti-SCI role for oats that could have a major impact on functional, preventative, and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- El Hadji M Dioum
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo Health and Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | | | | | - Bryan D Cox
- Edifice Health Inc., San Mateo, CA 94401, USA
| | - YiFang Chu
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo Health and Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jeffery J Zachwieja
- Quaker Oats Center of Excellence, PepsiCo Health and Nutrition Sciences, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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10
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Noroozzadeh M, Amiri M, Farhadi-Azar M, Ramezani Tehrani F. Bone Health in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review. J Clin Densitom 2022; 25:606-614. [PMID: 35430131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone as an active connective and endocrine tissue is influenced by hormones, physical activity, inflammatory factors, minerals, dietary components, and body weight. Bone fractures are a major cause of decreased quality of life and mortality in humans. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age worldwide. PCOS is associated with disturbances in androgen and estrogen levels, insulin resistance (IR), obesity, as well as low-grade chronic inflammation, and gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis, all of which may negatively or positively affect bone metabolism. However, it has not yet been well clarified whether PCOS is bone-protective or bone-destructive. This study aimed to review the association between bone health and PCOS, and summarize its related factors. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched to retrieve relevant English publications investigating the relationship between bone health and PCOS. Several disorders associated with PCOS can negatively or positively affect bone metabolism. Despite some positive effects of insulin, androgens, estrogens, and obesity on bone, IR, estrogen deficiency, low-grade chronic inflammation, and GM dysbiosis may adversely affect the bone metabolism in PCOS women. Studies comparing bone mineral density or bone metabolism and the risk of bone fractures in women with PCOS have controversial results. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying bone metabolism in PCOS subjects. Moreover, prospective studies are needed to estimate the risk of bone fractures and osteoporosis in PCOS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Noroozzadeh
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Amiri
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbanoo Farhadi-Azar
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Tocotrienol as a Protecting Agent against Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis: A Mini Review of Potential Mechanisms. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185862. [PMID: 36144598 PMCID: PMC9506150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteogenic dysfunction is the main pathologyical mechanism underlying the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Glucocorticoids promote adipogenic differentiation and osteoblast apoptosis through various pathways. Various ongoing studies are exploring the potential of natural products in preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Preclinical studies have consistently shown the bone protective effects of tocotrienol through its antioxidant and anabolic effects. This review aims to summarise the potential mechanisms of tocotrienol in preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis based on existing in vivo and in vitro evidence. The current literature showed that tocotrienol prevents oxidative damage on osteoblasts exposed to high levels of glucocorticoids. Tocotrienol reduces lipid peroxidation and increases oxidative stress enzyme activities. The reduction in oxidative stress protects the osteoblasts and preserves the bone microstructure and biomechanical strength of glucocorticoid-treated animals. In other animal models, tocotrienol has been shown to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and lower the RANKL/OPG ratio, which are the targets of glucocorticoids. In conclusion, tocotrienol enhances osteogenic differentiation and bone formation in glucocorticoid-treated osteoblasts while improving structural integrity in glucocorticoid-treated rats. This is achieved by preventing oxidative stress and osteoblast apoptosis. However, these preclinical results should be validated in a randomised controlled trial.
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12
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Liao PS, Chiu CC, Fu YH, Hsia CC, Yang YC, Lee KF, Hsieh SL, Kuo SJ. Incidence of Hip Fractures among Patients with Chronic Otitis Media: The Real-World Data. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081138. [PMID: 36013605 PMCID: PMC9416011 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic otitis media (COM) has been considered as a localized disease, and its systemic impact is poorly understood. Whether COM-induced inflammation could be associated with systemic bone loss and hip fracture is unknown at present. Our study tried to determine the risk of hip fracture among COM patients. We selected the comparison individuals without the COM coding and paired the controls with COM patients by gender, age, and comorbidities (including osteoporosis) by about a one-to-two ratio. Our study showed that the incidence of hip fracture was 4.48 and 3.92 per 1000 person-years for comparison and COM cohorts respectively. The cumulative incidence of hip fracture is higher in the COM cohort (p < 0.001). After adjustment for gender, age, and comorbidities, the COM patients had a 1.11-fold (aHR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.05−1.17) risk of hip fracture than the control subjects. Among COM patients, a history of hearing loss is associated with higher (aHR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.20−1.42) fracture risk. Our study showed that COM patients, especially those with hearing loss, are susceptible to a higher risk for hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shao Liao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chih Chiu
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsiu Fu
- Department of Education, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407219, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Hsia
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cih Yang
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Feng Lee
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Lin Hsieh
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.H.); (S.-J.K.)
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-L.H.); (S.-J.K.)
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13
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Chou MC, Lee WK, Chang R, Jou IM. Correspondence on "The association between gallstone disease (GSD) and hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study ". Postgrad Med 2022; 134:717. [PMID: 35980081 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2022.2110818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Chia Chou
- Department of Physical Therapy, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Veterans General, Hospital, Pingtung Branch, Pingtung County, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare Sinying Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Renin Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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14
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Kalinkovich A, Becker M, Livshits G. New Horizons in the Treatment of Age-Associated Obesity, Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis. Drugs Aging 2022; 39:673-683. [PMID: 35781216 DOI: 10.1007/s40266-022-00960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in both the lifespan and proportion of older adults in developed countries is accompanied by the dramatic growth of age-associated chronic diseases, including obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. Hence, prevention and treatment of age-associated chronic diseases has become increasingly urgent. The key to achieving this goal is a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pathophysiology, some aspects of which, despite extensive investigation, are still not fully understood. Aging, obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis are characterized by the creation of a systemic, chronic, low-grade inflammation (SCLGI). The common mechanisms that govern the development of these chronic conditions include a failed resolution of inflammation. Physiologically, the process of inflammation resolution is provided mainly by specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) acting via cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Noteworthy, SPM levels and the expression of their receptors are significantly reduced in aging and the associated chronic disorders. In preclinical studies, supplementation of SPMs or their stable, small-molecule SPM mimetics and receptor agonists reveals clear beneficial effects in inflammation-related obesity and sarcopenic and osteoporotic conditions, suggesting a translational potential. Age-associated chronic disorders are also characterized by gut dysbiosis and the accumulation of senescent cells in the adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and bones. Based on these findings, we propose SCLGI resolution as a novel strategy for the prevention/treatment of age-associated obesity, sarcopenia, and osteoporosis. Our approach entails the enhancement of inflammation resolution by SPM mimetics and receptor agonists in concert with probiotics/prebiotics and compounds that eliminate senescent cells and their pro-inflammatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kalinkovich
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6905126, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Maria Becker
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, 4077625, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gregory Livshits
- Department of Anatomy and Anthropology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, 6905126, Tel-Aviv, Israel. .,Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, 4077625, Ariel, Israel.
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15
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Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Gastric Disease Risk: Findings from a Korean Population-Based Cohort Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132662. [PMID: 35807849 PMCID: PMC9268659 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that diets with high pro-inflammatory potential may play a substantial role in the origin of gastric inflammation. This study aimed to examine the association between the energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index (E-DIITM) and gastric diseases at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 7.4 years in a Korean population. A total of 144,196 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study_Health Examination (KoGES_HEXA) cohort were included. E-DII scores were computed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to assess the association between the E-DII and gastric disease risk. In the prospective analysis, the risk of developing gastric disease was significantly increased among individuals in the highest quartile of E-DII compared to those in the lowest quartile (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.08–1.38). Prospective analysis also showed an increased risk in the incidence of gastritis (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04–1.37), gastric ulcers (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.47; 95% CI = 1.16–1.85), and gastric and duodenal ulcers (HRquartile4vs1 = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.17–1.81) in the highest E-DII quartile compared to the lowest quartile. In the cross-sectional analysis, the E-DII score was not associated with the risk of gastric disease. Our results suggest that a pro-inflammatory diet, indicated by high E-DII scores, is prospectively associated with an increased risk of gastric diseases. These results highlight the significance of an anti-inflammatory diet in lowering the risk of gastric disease risk in the general population.
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16
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Gebetsberger J, Schirmer M, Wurzer WJ, Streif W. Low Bone Mineral Density in Hemophiliacs. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:794456. [PMID: 35186990 PMCID: PMC8849249 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.794456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To review the current knowledge on bone health in patients with hemophilia A and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. Data Sources Original research articles, meta-analyses, and scientific reviews. Data Synthesis Already in childhood, patients with hemophilia A are prone to low bone mineral density, leading to osteopenia and/or osteoporosis. Initially associated with the life style of hemophilia, today we are faced with accumulating evidence that coagulation factor VIII is involved directly or indirectly in bone physiology. Conclusion Understanding the role of factor VIII and the mechanisms of decreased bone mineral density in hemophilia A is critically important, especially as non-factor replacement therapies are available, and treatment decisions potentially impact bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Schirmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Werner Streif
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Risk of Non-Vertebral Fracture in Gout Compared to Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204655. [PMID: 34682784 PMCID: PMC8539966 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the risk of non-vertebral fractures in patients with gout compared with those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: Using claims data from Medicare (2008–2015), we conducted a cohort study of patients with gout versus RA matched on age, sex, and index date with a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of non-vertebral fractures including hip, pelvis, humerus, and wrist identified with the validated algorithms. We also assessed hip fractures separately. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression estimated the hazard ratio (HR) for the outcomes in gout versus RA adjusted for 45 covariates. Results: We included a total of 134,157 matched pairs of gout and RA patients (mean age: 73.7 years). Risk factors for fracture were more prevalent in RA, while other comorbidities including obesity, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes were more common in gout. Over the mean 2.8 years follow-up, the incidence rate (IR)/1000 person-year (PY) of non-vertebral fractures was 10.42 in gout and 15.01 in RA. For hip fractures, the IR/1000 PY was 4.86 in gout and 7.73 in RA. The multivariable HR associated with gout versus RA was 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.88) for non-vertebral fractures and 0.76 (95% CI 0.71–0.82) for hip fractures. Stratified analyses by age, sex, prior fractures, steroid use, and TNF inhibitor use showed similar results. Conclusions: In this large cohort of older patients, gout was associated with a modestly decreased risk of non-vertebral or hip fractures versus RA. However, non-vertebral fractures occurred frequently in both gout and RA.
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18
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Zheng J, Gao Y, Lin H, Yuan C, Keqianzhi. Enhanced autophagy suppresses inflammation-mediated bone loss through ROCK1 signaling in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cells Dev 2021; 167:203687. [PMID: 34058434 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2021.203687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have strong proliferative ability and multi-directional differentiation potential. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that is closely related to the loss of osteogenic differentiation function of BMSCs. Autophagy, plays a crucial role in the maintenance of cellular functions, but its regulatory mechanism during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the differential gene networks and pathways during BMSC osteogenesis using bioinformatics, and further validated the regulatory roles of autophagy during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in inflammatory condition in vitro. We found that Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) treatment led to actin cytoskeleton rearrangements and inhibited osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. In addition, TNF-α enhanced Rho-associated protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) expression and decreased autophagy activation. ROCK1 knockdown reduced Endoplasmic Reticulum stress (ER stress) and promoted autophagy, resulting reversion of osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs under inflammatory condition. Rapamycin reversed the TNF-α-induced decrease in osteogenesis of BMSCs, assessed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin staining. Autophagy treated with inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) further increased TNF-α-induced osteogenesis inhibition of BMSCs. Collectively, these results indicate that ER stress and dysfunction of autophagy promote inflammation-induced bone loss through the activation of ROCK1 signaling in BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zheng
- Department of Endodontics, Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, 266555 Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yuli Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haozhi Lin
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changqing Yuan
- Department of Oral Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Keqianzhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Key Laboratory of Oral Clinical Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 1677 Wutaishan Road, Huangdao District, 266555 Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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19
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Schündeln MM, Höppner J, Meyer FL, Schmuck W, Kauther MD, Hilken G, Levkau B, Rauner M, Grasemann C. Prednisone prevents particle induced bone loss in the calvaria mouse model. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07828. [PMID: 34471710 PMCID: PMC8387912 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glucocorticoids are essential in the treatment of many chronic inflammatory and malignant diseases but are known to have detrimental effects on bone. This study aimed to investigate the effects of prednisone on osteoclast functioning in vivo in the calvaria particle-induced bone loss mouse model. METHODS 12-week-old male C57BL6/J mice received subcutaneously implanted prednisone (2.5 mg/d, 60 day release (n = 14)) or placebo pellets (n = 10). Osteolysis of the calvaria bone was induced two weeks later by application of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene- (UHMWPE) particles to the dome (vs sham operation). The extent of osteolysis was determined histologically and by micro-computer tomography. RESULTS Prednisone significantly inhibited particle-induced osteolysis in the skull. No significant difference in osteoclast numbers was seen in mice with prednisone vs placebo treatment. Prednisone treatment alone without particle application did not reduce bone mineral density or deterioration in bone microarchitecture parameters. CONCLUSIONS The calvaria particle-induced bone loss mouse model can be adapted to investigate osteoclast activity in vivo and the effect of prednisone on osteoclasts. In this preventive experimental design, the application of short-term low-dose prednisone has osteoprotective effects without measurable systemic side effects on bone parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Schündeln
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics III, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Jakob Höppner
- Department of Pediatrics and CeSER, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felix L. Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schmuck
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Max D. Kauther
- Department of Trauma-, Hand- and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Germany
- Department for Orthopedics, Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum, Rotenburg Wümme, Germany
| | - Gero Hilken
- Central Animal Laboratory, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III, University Hospital Düsseldorf and Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Dresden Technical University Medical Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Corinna Grasemann
- Department of Pediatrics and CeSER, Katholisches Klinikum Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics II, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
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20
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Wang M, Wei J, Shang F, Zang K, Zhang P. Down-regulation of lncRNA SNHG5 relieves sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by regulating the miR-374a-3p/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. J Biochem 2021; 169:575-583. [PMID: 33479745 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is an acute systemic infectious disease engendered by infectious factors, which can cause the dysfunction of multiple organs, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Recently, more and more researchers are focussing on long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) that is closely associated with the development and progression of various diseases; however, the role and mechanism of lncRNA in sepsis-induced AKI are not fully understood. Here, we found a significant increase in the expression of lncRNA small nuclear RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) in the serum of patients with sepsis than healthy controls. Similar results were obtained from mouse model of sepsis. Further investigations revealed that knockdown of SNHG5 improves the viability and reduces the rate of apoptosis and the generation of inflammatory cytokines in HK-2 and TCMK-1 cells treated with lipopolysaccharide. Mechanistically, we showed that SNHG5 can combine with microRNA-374a-3p (miR-374a-3p), which inhibits nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity by targeting TLR4. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that SNHG5 may regulate sepsis-induced AKI via the miR-374a-3p/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, therefore providing a new insight into the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 Beijing West Road, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Jilou Wei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 Beijing West Road, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Futai Shang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 Beijing West Road, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Kui Zang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 Beijing West Road, Huai'an 223300, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 6 Beijing West Road, Huai'an 223300, China
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21
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Cho SK, Kim H, Lee J, Nam E, Lee S, Choi YY, Sung YK. Effectiveness of bazedoxifene in preventing glucocorticoid-induced bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:176. [PMID: 34215316 PMCID: PMC8252248 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of bazedoxifene in preventing bone loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving low-dose glucocorticoids (GCs). Methods In this randomized, controlled, open-label study, we assigned postmenopausal women with osteopenia who had been receiving low-dose GCs for RA to two groups: a group receiving bazedoxifene (20 mg/day) with elemental calcium 1200 mg and vitamin D 800 IU daily (bazedoxifene group) and a group receiving the same doses of calcium and vitamin D only (control group). As primary outcome, bone mineral density (BMD) change in the lumbar spine (L-spine) from baseline to 48 weeks was assessed. Changes in BMD in the femur, trabecular bone score, bone turnover markers, and development of fracture were assessed as secondary outcomes. For intention-to-treat analysis, 20 completed data sets were created by applying multiple imputations by chained equations. Results A total of 114 patients (57 patients in each group) were recruited. A significant increase in L-spine BMD (0.015 g/cm2, P = 0.007) was observed in the bazedoxifene group, and the increase was significantly higher than in the control group (0.013, 95% CI 0.0003–0.026, P = 0.047). Reductions in bone turnover markers in the bazedoxifene group were significantly greater than in the control group. Only one fracture was observed in the bazedoxifene group, while four fractures developed in the control group. Conclusion In postmenopausal patients with RA receiving low-dose GCs, bazedoxifene improved BMD and reduced bone turnover markers. However, the change in BMD did not exceed the least significant change. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02602704. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02564-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Kyung Cho
- Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Hyoungyoung Kim
- Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Clinical Research Center for Rheumatoid Arthritis (CRCRA), 222 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eunwoo Nam
- Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Seunghun Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Yun Young Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, 222 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Kyoung Sung
- Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, 222-1 wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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22
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Liu L, Guo J, Chen X, Tong X, Xu J, Zou J. The Role of Irisin in Exercise-Mediated Bone Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668759. [PMID: 34017836 PMCID: PMC8129548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training promotes physical and bone health, and is the first choice of non-drug strategies that help to improve the prognosis and complications of many chronic diseases. Irisin is a newly discovered peptide hormone that modulates energy metabolism and skeletal muscle mass. Here, we discuss the role of irisin in bone metabolism via exercise-induced mechanical forces regulation. In addition, the role of irisin in pathological bone loss and other chronic diseases is also reviewed. Notably, irisin appears to be a key determinant of bone mineral status and thus may serve as a novel biomarker for bone metabolism. Interestingly, the secretion of irisin appears to be mediated by different forms of exercise and pathological conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. Understanding the mechanism by which irisin is regulated and how it regulates skeletal metabolism via osteoclast and osteoblast activities will be an important step toward applying new knowledge of irisin to the treatment and prevention of bone diseases such as osteolysis and other chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Tong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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23
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Carnovali M, Valli R, Banfi G, Porta G, Mariotti M. Soybean Meal-Dependent Intestinal Inflammation Induces Different Patterns of Bone-Loss in Adult Zebrafish Scale. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040393. [PMID: 33917641 PMCID: PMC8067592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease have been linked to several health issues, including high risk of low bone mineral density. Danio rerio (zebrafish) is a good model to verify the effects of intestinal inflammation, since its gastrointestinal and immune systems are closely related to that of mammalians. Zebrafish is also a powerful model to study bone metabolism using the scale as the read-out model. Food strongly impacts zebrafish gut physiology, and it is well known that soybean meal induces intestinal inflammation. Adult zebrafish fed with defatted soybean meal (SBM) exhibited an intestinal inflammation evidenced by morphological alterations, inflammatory infiltrate, and increased mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TGFβ, TNF-α). The peak of acute intestinal inflammation, spanning between week 2 and 3, correlates with a transitory osteoporosis-like phenotype in the scale border. Later, a chronic inflammatory condition, associated with persistent IL-8 expression, correlates with the progression of resorption lacunae in the scale center. Both types of resorption lacunae were associated with intense osteoclastic tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity. After 3 weeks of SBM treatment, osteoclast activity decreased in the scale border but not in the center. At the same time, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is activated in the border to repair the bone matrix. This model can contribute to elucidate in vivo the molecular mechanisms that links intestinal inflammation and bone metabolism in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Carnovali
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
| | - Roberto Valli
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Banfi
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Centro di Medicina Genomica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (R.V.); (G.P.)
| | - Massimo Mariotti
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, 20161 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (G.B.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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24
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Mazzaferro S, Bagordo D, De Martini N, Pasquali M, Rotondi S, Tartaglione L, Stenvinkel P. Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Bone in Chronic Kidney Disease in the Osteoimmunology Era. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 108:452-460. [PMID: 33388898 PMCID: PMC7778498 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone is not only a mineralized and apparently non-vital structure that provides support for locomotion and protection to inner organs. An increasing number of studies are unveiling new biologic functions and connections to other systems, giving the rise to new fields of research, such as osteoimmunology. The bone marrow niche, a new entity in bone physiology, seems to represent the site where a complex crosstalk between bone and immune/inflammatory responses takes place. An impressive interplay with the immune system is realized in bone marrow, with reciprocal influences between bone cells and haematopoietic cells. In this way, systemic chronic inflammatory diseases realize a crosstalk with bone, resulting in bone disease. Thus, pathogenetic links between chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders and osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and ageing are common. The aim of this narrative review is to provide a general view of the progresses in the field of bone research and their potential clinical implications, with emphasis on the links with inflammation and the connections to osteoimmunology and chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
- Nephrology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy.
| | - Domenico Bagordo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Natalia De Martini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Silverio Rotondi
- Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, ICOT Hospital, Polo Pontino Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lida Tartaglione
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale del Policlinico, 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wilburn WJ, Jamal S, Ismail F, Brooks D, Whalen M. Evaluation of triclosan exposures on secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from human immune cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:103599. [PMID: 33516901 PMCID: PMC7956230 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is widely used in personal hygiene products, such as mouthwash and toothpaste, and is found in human tissues. Interleukin (IL)-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interferon gamma (IFNγ) are pro-inflammatory cytokines and inappropriately elevated levels of each have been associated with pathologies including rheumatoid arthritis and certain cancers. Here we examine effects of TCS on the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokines from human immune cell preparations. TCS at concentrations between 0.05-5 μM consistently increased the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα within 24 h of exposure and the increases often maintained out to 6 days of exposure. TCS also induced increases in IFNγ secretion, however the increases were most consistent after 48 h of exposure rather than within 24 h. Additionally, a role for both p44/42 and p38 MAPK in TCS-stimulated increases in IL-1β was seen in cells from some donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Wilburn
- Departments of Biological Sciences, Tennessee State UnIversity, Nashville, TN, 37209, United States
| | - Sara Jamal
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, United States
| | - Farah Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, United States
| | - Dylan Brooks
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, United States
| | - Margaret Whalen
- Department of Chemistry, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, 37209, United States.
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26
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Brance ML, Pons-Estel BA, Quagliato NJ, Jorfen M, Berbotto G, Cortese N, Raggio JC, Palatnik M, Chavero I, Soldano J, Dieguez C, Sánchez A, Del Rio L, Di Gregorio S, Brun LR. Trabecular and cortical bone involvement in rheumatoid arthritis by DXA and DXA-based 3D modelling. Osteoporos Int 2021; 32:705-714. [PMID: 32974730 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-020-05641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients had a higher risk of developing low bone mineral density (BMD) or osteoporosis. RA patients on classic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (c-DMARD) therapy showed significantly lower BMD than controls, while no significant differences in most parameters were found between RA patients receiving biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (b-DMARDs) and controls. The 3D analysis allowed us to find changes in the trabecular and cortical compartments. INTRODUCTION To evaluate cortical and trabecular bone involvement of the hip in RA patients by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and 3D analysis. The secondary end-point was to evaluate bone involvement in patients treated with classic (c-DMARD) or biological (b-DMARD) disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapies and the effect of the duration of the disease and corticosteroid therapy on 3D parameters. METHODS A cross-sectional study of 105 RA patients and 100 subjects as a control group (CG) matched by age, sex, and BMI was carried out. BMD was measured by DXA of the bilateral femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH). The 3D analyses including trabecular and cortical BMD were performed on hip scans with the 3D-Shaper software. RESULTS FN and TH BMD and trabecular and cortical vBMD were significantly lower in RA patients. The c-DMARD (n = 75) group showed significantly lower trabecular and cortical vBMD than the CG. Despite the lower values, the b-DMARD group (n = 30) showed no significant differences in most parameters compared with the CG. The trabecular and cortical 3D parameters were significantly lower in the group with an RA disease duration of 1 to 5 years than in the CG, and the trabecular vBMD was significantly lower in the group with a duration of corticosteroid therapy of 1 to 5 years than in the CG, while no significant differences were found by standard DXA in the same period. CONCLUSIONS RA patients had a higher risk of developing low BMD or osteoporosis than controls. RA patients receiving c-DMARD therapy showed significantly lower BMD than controls, while no significant differences in most parameters were found between RA patients receiving b-DMARDs and controls. 3D-DXA allowed us to find changes in trabecular and cortical bone compartments in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Brance
- Reumatología y Enfermedades Óseas, Rosario, Argentina
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B A Pons-Estel
- Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - M Jorfen
- Reumatología y Enfermedades Óseas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - G Berbotto
- Reumatología y Enfermedades Óseas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - N Cortese
- School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - J C Raggio
- Reumatología y Enfermedades Óseas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - M Palatnik
- Centro de Reumatología, Rosario, Argentina
| | - I Chavero
- Reumatología y Enfermedades Óseas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - J Soldano
- School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina
| | - C Dieguez
- Reumatología y Enfermedades Óseas, Rosario, Argentina
| | - A Sánchez
- Centro de Endocrinología, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | | | - L R Brun
- Bone Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Rosario National University, Rosario, Argentina.
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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27
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Ge G, Yang S, Hou Z, Gan M, Tao H, Zhang W, Li W, Wang Z, Hao Y, Gu Y, Geng D. Theaflavin-3,3'-Digallate Promotes the Formation of Osteoblasts Under Inflammatory Environment and Increases the Bone Mass of Ovariectomized Mice. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648969. [PMID: 33833684 PMCID: PMC8021853 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a disease of bone mass reduction and structural changes due to estrogen deficiency, which can eventually lead to increased pain and fracture risk. Chronic inflammatory microenvironment leading to the decreased activation of osteoblasts and inhibition of bone formation is an important pathological factor that leads to osteoporosis. Theaflavin-3,3′-digallate (TFDG) is an extract of black tea, which has potential anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. In our study, we found that TFDG significantly increased the bone mass of ovariectomized (OVX) mice by micro-CT analysis. Compared with OVX mice, TFDG reduced the release of proinflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of osteogenic markers in vivo. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TFDG could promote the formation of osteoblasts in inflammatory environment and enhance their mineralization ability. In this process, TFDG activated MAPK, Wnt/β-Catenin and BMP/Smad signaling pathways inhibited by TNF-α, and then promoted the transcription of osteogenic related factors including Runx2 and Osterix, promoting the differentiation and maturation of osteoblasts eventually. In general, our study confirmed that TFDG was able to promote osteoblast differentiation under inflammatory environment, enhance its mineralization ability, and ultimately increase bone mass in ovariectomized mice. These results suggested that TFDG might have the potential to be a more effective treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoran Ge
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou Ninth Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhenyang Hou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Teng Zhou Central People's Hospital, Tengzhou Hospital Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical University, Tengzhou, China
| | - Minfeng Gan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huaqiang Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wenming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuefeng Hao
- Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Center, Suzhou Municipal Hospital (North District), Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, First People's Hospital of Changshu City, Changshu, China
| | - Dechun Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Abstract
Exposed surfaces of mammals are colonized with 100 trillion indigenous bacteria, fungi, and viruses, creating a diverse ecosystem known as the human microbiome. The gut microbiome is the richest microbiome and is now known to regulate postnatal skeletal development and the activity of the major endocrine regulators of bone. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the bone-regulating hormone that requires elements of the gut microbiome to exert both its bone catabolic and its bone anabolic effects. How the gut microbiome regulates the skeletal response to PTH is object of intense research. Involved mechanisms include absorption and diffusion of bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, and trafficking of immune cells from the gut to the bone marrow. This review will focus on how the gut microbiome communicates and regulates bone marrow cells in order to modulate the skeletal effects of PTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Microbiome Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Correspondence: Roberto Pacifici, M.D., Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, 101 Woodruff Circle, Room 1309, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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29
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Günther F, Fleck M, Straub R. Wechselwirkungen zwischen neuroendokrinem System und Immunsystem bei chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1322-9936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungHormonelle und neuronale Signalwege können die Manifestation einer chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankung entweder begünstigen oder verhindern. Bei bereits manifester Erkrankung modulieren Hormone und Neurotransmitter den Krankheitsverlauf, in dem sie die Krankheitsaktivität erhöhen oder abschwächen. Beispiele hierfür sind der entzündungshemmende Einfluss der körpereigenen und exogenen Glukokortikoide und die entzündungsfördernden Effekte von Stress bei chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen. Bei chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen ringt das aktivierte Immunsystem mit dem Gehirn und anderen Organsystemen um Energie, was zu vielfältigen Erkrankungsfolgen und Folgeerkrankungen führt: „sickness behaviour“ mit Fatigue-Symptomatik und depressiven Symptomen, Schlafstörungen, Anorexie, Fehl- und Mangelernährung, Knochenabbau, Muskelabbau und kachektische Fettsucht, Insulinresistenz mit Hyperinsulinämie (begleitet von einer Resistenz gegenüber dem Insulin-like growth factor 1), Dyslipidämie, Veränderungen der Steroidhormonachsen, Störungen der Hypothalamus-Hypophysen-Gonaden-Achse, erhöhter Sympathikotonus, herabgesetzte Aktivität des parasympathischen Nervensystems, arterielle Hypertonie und Volumenbelastung, Entzündungsanämie und zirkadiane Rhythmik der Symptomausprägung. Diese für die Patienten gravierenden Folgeerkrankungen, welche den chronisch-entzündlichen Systemerkrankungen inhärent sind, sollten konsequent therapiert werden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Günther
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Martin Fleck
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, Asklepios Klinikum, Bad Abbach, Deutschland
| | - Rainer Straub
- Internal Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Deutschland
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30
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Li R, Chinnathambi A, Alharbi SA, Shair OHM, Veeraraghavan VP, Surapaneni KM, Rengarajan T. Anti-inflammatory effects of rhaponticin on LPS-induced human endothelial cells through inhibition of MAPK/NF-κβ signaling pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22733. [PMID: 33605003 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The untreated systemic chronic inflammation leads to autoimmune diseases, hyperglycemia, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, and so on. Phytochemicals effectively inhibit the inflammation, and numerous studies have proved that the phytocomponents possess anti-inflammatory property via inhibiting the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase signaling pathways. Rhaponticin is one such phytochemical obtained from the perennial plant Rheum rhaponticum L. belonging to Polygonaceae family. We assessed the anti-inflammatory potency of rhaponticin in endothelial cells induced with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Four different endothelial cells induced with LPS were treated with rhaponticin and assessed for the nitric oxide generation. The cytotoxic potency of rhaponticin was evaluated in endothelial cells using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthizaol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis was quantified using the commercially available assay kit. The inflammatory signaling protein gene expression of TNF-α, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was analyzed with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The gene expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) cytoplasmic catalytic subunits gp91phox , p47phox , and p22phox was assessed with real-time PCR analysis. Finally, to confirm the anti-inflammatory potency of rhaponticin, the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling protein expression was analyzed with immunoblotting analysis. Rhaponticin treatment significantly decreased the levels of nitric oxide and TNF-α synthesis in LPS-induced endothelial cells. It significantly decreased the gene expression of inflammatory proteins and NOX signaling protein. The protein expression of NFκB and MAPK signaling proteins was drastically decreased in rhaponticin-treated endothelial cells induced with LPS. Overall, our results confirm that rhaponticin effectively inhibited the inflammation triggered by LPS in endothelial cells via downregulating iNOS, COX2, and NFκB and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rougang Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, the Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar H M Shair
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Surapaneni
- Departments of Biochemistry, Clinical Skills & Simulation, and Research, Panimalar Medical College Hospital & Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Jung JY, Choi ST, Park SH, Kwon SR, Kim HA, Kim SS, Kim SH, Suh CH. Prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicenter comparative study of the World Health Organization and fracture risk assessment tool criteria. Osteoporos Sarcopenia 2021; 6:173-178. [PMID: 33426305 PMCID: PMC7783110 DOI: 10.1016/j.afos.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Osteoporosis and fracture are known complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We assessed the prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis in patients with SLE. Methods A total of 155 female SLE patients were recruited retrospectively in 5 university hospitals. The bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) for high-risk osteoporotic fractures was calculated with and without BMD. Results The mean age was 53.7 ± 6.8 years, and osteoporotic fractures were detected in 19/127 (15.0%) patients. The proportion of patients having a high-risk for osteoporotic fractures in the FRAX with and without BMD, and osteoporosis by the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were 25 (16.1%), 24 (15.5%), and 51 (32.9%), respectively, and 48.0-68.6% of them were receiving treatment. On multivariate logistic analysis, nephritis (odds ratio [OR] 11.35) and cumulative dose of glucocorticoid (OR 1.1) were associated with high-risk by the FRAX with BMD, and low complement levels (OR 4.38), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (OR 1.04), and cumulative dose of glucocorticoid (OR 1.05) were associated with osteoporosis by the WHO criteria in patients with SLE. Conclusions Among Korean female patients with SLE, the proportion of patients having a high-risk of osteoporotic fractures by the FRAX tool was 15.5%-16.1% and the proportion of patients having osteoporosis by the WHO criteria was 32.9%. In SLE, nephritis, low level of complement, ESR, and cumulative dose of glucocorticoids may contribute to fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Tae Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Park
- Department of Radiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ryul Kwon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Soo Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyon Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Lin CJ, Hsu CJ, Chen CH, Yip HT, Hung TY, Wang YY, Ko JY, Kuo SJ. The association between gallstone disease (GSD) and hip fracture: a nationwide population-based study. Postgrad Med 2021; 133:357-361. [PMID: 33337258 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1866865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Despite the high prevalence of gallstone disease (GSD), the shared risk factors of GSD and osteoporosis, and the known association between hip fracture and hepatobiliary diseases, the association between hip fracture and GSD is not currently clear. Therefore, we performed a nationwide population-based study to investigate the association between GSD and hip fracture to determine the impact of cholecystectomy on the risk of fracture.Methods: In this study, we assessed all subjects in the longitudinal health insurance database (LHID) between 2000 and 2011, excluding those subjects aged >20 years old and those with a previous history of hip fracture (ICD-9-CM 820). Among those that were included, subjects with at least two or more outpatient visits or with one record of hospitalization under the coding of GSD (ICD-9-CM code: 574) were allocated to the GSD cohort. The remaining subjects were designated to the control cohort. All participants were followed till the onset of hip fracture, withdrawal from the NHI, or the end of 2013.Results: We found that the cumulative incidence of hip fracture was higher in the GSD cohort than in the control cohort (log-rank test: p-value < 0.01). After adjustment, the GSD patients had a 1.21-fold risk of hip fracture compared to control subjects (aHR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.21-1.30). Comparison between those subjects without GSD and those without cholecystectomy revealed that the risk of hip fracture was higher among GSD patients that had not undergone cholecystectomy (aHR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.06-1.29) or those that had undergone cholecystectomy (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.06-1.41).Conclusion: Based upon these results, we concluded that GSD was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture regardless of whether the patient had undergone cholecystectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Jyh Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Hsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsiu Chen
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hei-Tung Yip
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tun-Yu Hung
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yi Wang
- Department of Education, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Yang Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jui Kuo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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33
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Boone JB, Wheless L, Camai A, Tanner SB, Barnado A. Low prevalence of bone mineral density testing in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and glucocorticoid exposure. Lupus 2020; 30:403-411. [PMID: 33307984 DOI: 10.1177/0961203320979735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryPatients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of developing osteoporosis and fractures due to systemic inflammation and glucocorticoids (GCs). Professional organizations recommend bone mineral density (BMD) testing in SLE patients on GCs, especially within 6 months of initiation. Using a validated algorithm, we identified SLE patients in an electronic health record cohort with long-term GC exposure (≥90 days). Our primary outcome was ever BMD testing. We assessed the impact of patient and provider factors on testing. We identified 693 SLE cases with long-term GC exposure, 41% of whom had BMD testing performed. Only 18% of patients had BMD testing within 6 months of GC initiation. In a logistic regression model for BMD testing, male sex (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.27 - 0.87, p = 0.01) was associated with being less likely to have BMD testing after adjusting for race and ethnicity. In contrast, older age (OR = 1.04, p < 0.001) and nephritis (OR = 1.83, p = 0.003) were associated with being more likely to have BMD testing after adjusting for race and ethnicity. Bone health in SLE patients remains an area in need of improvement with attention to patients who are younger and male.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Boone
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lee Wheless
- Department of Dermatology, Data Science Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alex Camai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - S Bobo Tanner
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - April Barnado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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Kang M, Bilgic A, Radjenovic M, Murrell D. Osteoporosis and bone health in autoimmune blistering skin disease—an evidenced based review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34:2745-2756. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.16334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Kang
- Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. Bilgic
- Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
- Dermatology Clinic Seydisehir State Hospital Seydisehir, Konya Turkey
| | - M. Radjenovic
- Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
| | - D.F. Murrell
- Faculty of Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Dermatology St George Hospital Sydney NSW Australia
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35
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The acceleration of ageing in older patients with cancer. J Geriatr Oncol 2020; 12:343-351. [PMID: 32933870 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2020.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Older cancer survivors may experience ageing at an accelerated rate when compared to their similar-aged, cancer-free counterparts. Ageing is undoubtedly a significant risk factor for cancer. There is evidence to suggest, however, that this relationship may in fact be bidirectional, with cancer and its treatments contributing to the ageing process. In this review, we outline the current literature linking cancer and anti-cancer therapy to adverse ageing outcomes and explore what additional research is needed in order to conclusively define cancer and its treatment as an accelerator of ageing.
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36
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Analysis of Biochemical Parameters in Children with Chronic Tonsillitis. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2020; 46:129-135. [PMID: 32874684 PMCID: PMC7445641 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.46.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic tonsillitis are frequent in pediatric pathology with numerous involved risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms. In this study, epidemiological data and biochemical values addressed to inflammation and mineral, lipid and hepatic metabolism were analyzed for 37 children of school age with chronic tonsillitis. We found that in the majority of cases, chronic tonsillitis was associated with increasing number of blood circulating inflammatory cells, high values of transaminases, cholesterol, triglycerides and low values of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, calcium, vitamin D and serum iron. The results indicated relations of the biochemical profile analyzed with risk factors and systemic mechanisms for initiation and maintenance of chronic tonsillitis, aspects that can be used to optimize the prognosis of chronic tonsillitis in children.
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37
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Mazzaferro S, De Martini N, Rotondi S, Tartaglione L, Ureña-Torres P, Bover J, Pasquali M. Bone, inflammation and chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:236-240. [PMID: 32275989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing knowledge on inflammatory mediators and bone metabolism highlights the relationship between inflammation and bone disease. During acute illness, inflammatory cells and cytokines modulate bone cells activity so as to mobilize calcium seemingly to supply the metabolic requirements for immune response. In case of long lasting, chronic inflammatory states a condition of maladaptive, smouldering inflammation is realized and negatively affects calcium bone balance. Aging, now nicknamed inflammaging, is regarded as a chronic inflammatory condition, characterized by increased circulating inflammatory cytokines, that contributes to the development of osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. In patients with renal insufficiency, the development of bone and mineral disorders (so called CKD-MBD "syndrome") is now a recognized pathogenic factor for the seemingly accelerated process of aging and for the increased risk of cardiovascular death in these patients. The adaptive changes in mineral and bone metabolism developing in the early stages of chronic kidney disease could represent a hypothetical model of accelerated aging, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Natalia De Martini
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Lida Tartaglione
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | - Pablo Ureña-Torres
- AURA Nord Saint Ouen, Saint Ouen, France; Department of Renal Physiology, Necker Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France.
| | - Jordi Bover
- Fundació Puigvert, Department of Nephrology, IIB Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma, RedinRen, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Marzia Pasquali
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Roma, Italy.
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38
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The Epidemiology of Hip Fracture among Subjects with Pyogenic Liver Abscess (PLA): A Nationwide Population-Based Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5901962. [PMID: 32104699 PMCID: PMC7037889 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5901962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) is a potentially fatal disease that can stimulate prominent systemic inflammation. Osteoporotic hip fracture is a major complication of systemic inflammation. This study tried to determine the epidemiology of hip fractures among PLA patients. All subjects admitted due to PLA during 1999∼2010 were assessed, excluding the subjects with a history of high energy trauma, malignancy, and previous hip fracture. We matched the control subjects to PLA patients according to age, gender, and the coding of osteoporosis by 1 : 4 ratio. The PLA patients had a 1.17-fold risk of hip fracture than the controls (aHR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.07–1.29) after adjusting for gender, age, and comorbidities. Considering death as the competing event of suicide, the PLA patients had 1.10-fold suicide risk (aHR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.00–1.21) than the control subjects under the competing risks regression model. The cumulative incidence of hip fracture was higher in the PLA cohort (log-rank test, p < 0.001). When compared to the controls, the fracture risk was 18.4-fold (aHR = 18.4, 95% CI = 13.0–26.1) for the PLA patients admitted 2-3 times per year and 46.0-fold (aHR = 46.0, 95% CI = 31.2–67.8) for the PLA patients admitted ≧4 times per year. The impact of PLA is more prominent among the subjects aged <45 years (aHR = 2.81, 95% CI = 1.42–5.56). Preventive measures for hip fracture might be warranted for PLA patients.
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39
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Furman D, Campisi J, Verdin E, Carrera-Bastos P, Targ S, Franceschi C, Ferrucci L, Gilroy DW, Fasano A, Miller GW, Miller AH, Mantovani A, Weyand CM, Barzilai N, Goronzy JJ, Rando TA, Effros RB, Lucia A, Kleinstreuer N, Slavich GM. Chronic inflammation in the etiology of disease across the life span. Nat Med 2019; 25:1822-1832. [PMID: 31806905 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0675-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1994] [Impact Index Per Article: 398.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although intermittent increases in inflammation are critical for survival during physical injury and infection, recent research has revealed that certain social, environmental and lifestyle factors can promote systemic chronic inflammation (SCI) that can, in turn, lead to several diseases that collectively represent the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide, such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune and neurodegenerative disorders. In the present Perspective we describe the multi-level mechanisms underlying SCI and several risk factors that promote this health-damaging phenotype, including infections, physical inactivity, poor diet, environmental and industrial toxicants and psychological stress. Furthermore, we suggest potential strategies for advancing the early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Furman
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA. .,Stanford 1000 Immunomes Project, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Institute for Research in Translational Medicine, Universidad Austral, CONICET, Pilar, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Iuve Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA.
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Eric Verdin
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Pedro Carrera-Bastos
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Sasha Targ
- Iuve Inc., San Mateo, CA, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Biology of Aging, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alessio Fasano
- MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew H Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy.,William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | - Cornelia M Weyand
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorg J Goronzy
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Center for Tissue Regeneration, Repair and Restoration, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rita B Effros
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicole Kleinstreuer
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.,NTP Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mazzaferro S, Cianciolo G, De Pascalis A, Guglielmo C, Urena Torres PA, Bover J, Tartaglione L, Pasquali M, La Manna G. Bone, inflammation and the bone marrow niche in chronic kidney disease: what do we know? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:2092-2100. [PMID: 29733407 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent improvements in our understanding of physiology have altered the way in which bone is perceived: no longer is it considered as simply the repository of divalent ions, but rather as a sophisticated endocrine organ with potential extraskeletal effects. Indeed, a number of pathologic conditions involving bone in different ways can now be reconsidered from a bone-centred perspective. For example, in metabolic bone diseases like osteoporosis (OP) and renal osteodystrophy (ROD), the association with a worse cardiovascular outcome can be tentatively explained by the possible derangements of three recently discovered bone hormones (osteocalcin, fibroblast growth factor 23 and sclerostin) and a bone-specific enzyme (alkaline phosphatase). Further, in recent years the close link between bone and inflammation has been better appreciated and a wide range of chronic inflammatory states (from rheumatoid arthritis to ageing) are being explored to discover the biochemical changes that ultimately lead to bone loss and OP. Also, it has been acknowledged that the concept of the bone-vascular axis may explain, for example, the relationship between bone metabolism and vessel wall diseases like atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis, with potential involvement of a number of cytokines and metabolic pathways. A very important discovery in bone physiology is the bone marrow (BM) niche, the functional unit where stem cells interact, exchanging signals that impact on their fate as bone-forming cells or immune-competent haematopoietic elements. This new element of bone physiology has been recognized to be dysfunctional in diabetes (so-called diabetic mobilopathy), with possible clinical implications. In our opinion, ROD, the metabolic bone disease of renal patients, will in the future probably be identified as a cause of BM niche dysfunction. An integrated view of bone, which includes the BM niche, now seems necessary in order to understand the complex clinical entity of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorders and its cardiovascular burden. Bone is thus becoming a recurrently considered paradigm for different inter-organ communications that needs to be considered in patients with complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Mazzaferro
- Department of Cardiovascular Respiratory Nephrologic Geriatric and Anesthetic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Nephrology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cianciolo
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Pascalis
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chiara Guglielmo
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pablo A Urena Torres
- Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Clinique du Landy, Department of Nephrology and Dialysis and Department of Renal Physiology, Necker Hospital, University of Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jordi Bover
- Fundació Puigvert, Department of Nephrology IIB Sant Pau, RedinRen, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lida Tartaglione
- Department of Cardiovascular Respiratory Nephrologic Geriatric and Anesthetic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Pasquali
- Nephrology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano La Manna
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, St Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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41
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Zaiss MM, Jones RM, Schett G, Pacifici R. The gut-bone axis: how bacterial metabolites bridge the distance. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:3018-3028. [PMID: 31305265 DOI: 10.1172/jci128521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a key regulator of bone health that affects postnatal skeletal development and skeletal involution. Alterations in microbiota composition and host responses to the microbiota contribute to pathological bone loss, while changes in microbiota composition that prevent, or reverse, bone loss may be achieved by nutritional supplements with prebiotics and probiotics. One mechanism whereby microbes influence organs of the body is through the production of metabolites that diffuse from the gut into the systemic circulation. Recently, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which are generated by fermentation of complex carbohydrates, have emerged as key regulatory metabolites produced by the gut microbiota. This Review will focus on the effects of SCFAs on the musculoskeletal system and discuss the mechanisms whereby SCFAs regulate bone cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Zaiss
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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42
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Li X, Li Z, Wang J, Li Z, Cui H, Dai G, Chen S, Zhang M, Zheng Z, Zhan Z, Liu H. Wnt4 signaling mediates protective effects of melatonin on new bone formation in an inflammatory environment. FASEB J 2019; 33:10126-10139. [PMID: 31216173 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900093rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence shows that the inhibitory effect of inflammatory cytokines on new bone formation by osteogenic precursor cells is a critical cause of net bone-density reduction. Melatonin has been proven to be a potential therapeutic candidate for osteoporosis. However, whether it is capable of antagonizing the suppressing effect of inflammatory cytokines on osteogenic precursor cells is so far elusive. In this study, using the cell culture system of human bone marrow stromal cells and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts, we recorded the following vital observations that provided insights of melatonin-induced bone formation: 1) melatonin induced bone formation in both normal and inflammatory conditions; 2) Wnt4 was essential for melatonin-induced bone formation in inflammatory stimulation; 3) melatonin- and Wnt4-induced bone formation occurred via activation of β-catenin and p38-JNK MAPK pathways by interaction with a distinct frizzled LDL receptor-related protein complex; 4) melatonin suppressed the inhibitory effect of NF-κB on osteogenesis in a Wnt4-dependent manner; and 5) melatonin induced Wnt4 expression through the ERK1/2-Pax2-Egr1 pathway. In summary, we showed a novel mechanism of melatonin-induced bone formation in an inflammatory environment. Melatonin-induced Wnt4 expression is essential for its osteoinductive effect and the inhibitory effect of NF-κB on bone formation. Our novel findings may provide useful information for its potential translational application.-Li, X., Li, Z., Wang, J., Li, Z., Cui, H., Dai, G., Chen, S., Zhang, M., Zheng, Z., Zhan, Z., Liu, H. Wnt4 signaling mediates protective effects of melatonin on new bone formation in an inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihao Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haowen Cui
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siwen Chen
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaomin Zheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongping Zhan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
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43
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Yao S, Kaido T, Okumura S, Iwamura S, Miyachi Y, Shirai H, Kobayashi A, Hamaguchi Y, Kamo N, Uozumi R, Yagi S, Uemoto S. Bone mineral density correlates with survival after resection of extrahepatic biliary malignancies. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:2770-2777. [PMID: 30595376 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Osteopenia is a condition in which bone mineral density (BMD) is lower than normal, and it is an important determinant of bone fragility. However, the utility of osteopenia in assessing the risks of surgery is unclear. This study investigated the impact of preoperative low BMD on the outcomes in patients undergoing resection of extrahepatic biliary cancers. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed with 181 patients who underwent resections of extrahepatic biliary cancers between 2005 and 2015. Their BMD was measured on preoperative computed tomography images. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) rates were compared according to BMD (normal vs. low), and the prognostic factors after surgery were assessed. Propensity score matching was used to minimize the bias in patient background. RESULTS Older age and female were strongly associated with low BMD. These factors were used to construct the propensity score model, which yielded a matched cohort of 52 legs in each group. The OS (21.2% vs. 53.9% at 5 years, p < .001) and RFS (21.8% vs. 64.6% at 5 years, p < .001) rates were significantly lower in patients with low BMD (osteopenia) than in those with normal BMD (non-osteopenia). Multivariable analyses showed that low BMD was an independent factor predictive of poor OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.343, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.362-4.129, p = .002) and poor RFS (HR: 3.648, 95% CI: 1.986-6.990, p=<.001). CONCLUSIONS Preoperative low BMD is closely related to mortality and cancer recurrence after the resection of extrahepatic biliary cancers. BMD screening in patients with cancer should be further highlighted in the oncology field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Yao
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Shinya Okumura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sena Iwamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Miyachi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisaya Shirai
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuhei Hamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoko Kamo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryuji Uozumi
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yagi
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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44
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van Niekerk G, Mitchell M, Engelbrecht AM. Bone resorption: supporting immunometabolism. Biol Lett 2018; 14:rsbl.2017.0783. [PMID: 29491030 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2017.0783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune system is associated with an increase in the breakdown of various peripheral tissues, including bone. Despite the widely appreciated role of inflammatory mediators in promoting bone resorption, the functional value behind this process is not completely understood. Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism have highlighted the metabolic reprogramming that takes place in activated immune cells. It is now believed that the breakdown of peripheral tissue provides metabolic substrates to fuel metabolic anabolism in activated immune cells. We argue that phosphate, liberated by bone resorption, plays an indispensable role in sustaining immune cell metabolism. The liberated phosphate is then incorporated into macromolecules such as nucleotides and phospholipids, and is also used for the phosphorylation of metabolites (e.g. glycolytic intermediates). In addition, magnesium, also liberated during the breakdown of bone, is an essential cofactor required by various metabolic enzymes which are upregulated in activated immune cells. Finally, calcium activates various additional molecules involved in immune cell migration. Taken together, these factors suggest a key role for bone resorption during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav van Niekerk
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Megan Mitchell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Anna-Mart Engelbrecht
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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45
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Zofkova I, Nemcikova P. Osteoporosis complicating some inborn or acquired diseases. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S441-S454. [PMID: 30484671 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis in chronic diseases is very frequent and pathogenetically varied. It complicates the course of the underlying disease by the occurrence of fractures, which aggravate the quality of life and increase the mortality of patients from the underlying disease. The secondary deterioration of bone quality in chronic diseases, such as diabetes of type 1 and type 2 and/or other endocrine and metabolic disorders, as well as inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis - are mostly associated with structural changes to collagen, altered bone turnover, increased cortical porosity and damage to the trabecular and cortical microarchitecture. Mechanisms of development of osteoporosis in some inborn or acquired disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zofkova
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic, Department of Nuclear Medicine, České Budějovice Hospital, Czech Republic.
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46
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Hardy RS, Zhou H, Seibel MJ, Cooper MS. Glucocorticoids and Bone: Consequences of Endogenous and Exogenous Excess and Replacement Therapy. Endocr Rev 2018; 39:519-548. [PMID: 29905835 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis associated with long-term glucocorticoid therapy remains a common and serious bone disease. Additionally, in recent years it has become clear that more subtle states of endogenous glucocorticoid excess may have a major impact on bone health. Adverse effects can be seen with mild systemic glucocorticoid excess, but there is also evidence of tissue-specific regulation of glucocorticoid action within bone as a mechanism of disease. This review article examines (1) the role of endogenous glucocorticoids in normal bone physiology, (2) the skeletal effects of endogenous glucocorticoid excess in the context of endocrine conditions such as Cushing disease/syndrome and autonomous cortisol secretion (subclinical Cushing syndrome), and (3) the actions of therapeutic (exogenous) glucocorticoids on bone. We review the extent to which the effect of glucocorticoids on bone is influenced by variations in tissue metabolizing enzymes and glucocorticoid receptor expression and sensitivity. We consider how the effects of therapeutic glucocorticoids on bone are complicated by the effects of the underlying inflammatory disease being treated. We also examine the impact that glucocorticoid replacement regimens have on bone in the context of primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency. We conclude that even subtle excess of endogenous or moderate doses of therapeutic glucocorticoids are detrimental to bone. However, in patients with inflammatory disorders there is a complex interplay between glucocorticoid treatment and underlying inflammation, with the underlying condition frequently representing the major component underpinning bone damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowan S Hardy
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hong Zhou
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus J Seibel
- Bone Research Program, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark S Cooper
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Adrenal Steroid Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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47
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Increased Risk for Hip Fractures among Patients with Cholangitis: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:8928174. [PMID: 29967788 PMCID: PMC6008616 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8928174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Cholangitis is the infectious disease involving the biliary tract, which may induce systemic inflammation. Bone loss is a well-known sequelae after systemic inflammatory disease, and one grave complication after osteoporosis is hip fracture. We want to know whether cholangitis can contribute to increased risk of hip fracture. Methods All the patients diagnosed with cholangitis since January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2009, were assessed. All the subjects with cancer history, traumatic accident, and previous fracture were excluded. We selected the controls without cholangitis and matched the controls to cholangitis patients by age, sex, osteoporosis, and the use of steroid for more than 30 days by approximately 1:4 ratio. Results There were 2735 subjects in the cholangitis cohort and 10915 in the noncholangitis cohort. There were 101 hip fractures in the cholangitis cohort with the incidence density of 7.58 per 1000 person-years. As for the noncholangitis cohort, 366 individuals suffered from hip fracture with the incidence density of 5.86 per 1000 person-years. The risk of hip fracture was higher in the cholangitis cohort with a 1.29-fold increased risk than the noncholangitis cohort (hazard ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.03-1.61). The association between cholangitis and the hip fracture was more prominent among subjects less than 65 years (hazard ratio = 2.65, 95% confidence interval =1.30-5.39) and the subjects without comorbidities (hazard ratio = 3.01, 95% confidence interval = 1.42-6.41). Conclusions Cholangitis is associated with higher risk for hip fracture, especially among young subjects free from medical comorbidities.
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48
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Kweon SM, Sohn DH, Park JH, Koh JH, Park EK, Lee HN, Kim K, Kim Y, Kim GT, Lee SG. Male patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk of osteoporosis: Frequency and risk factors. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e11122. [PMID: 29901636 PMCID: PMC6023711 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000011122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Most previous research investigating osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has focused on female patients and there is a lack of data regarding clinical characteristics of osteoporosis in male patients with RA.The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of osteoporosis between male patients with RA and healthy patients, and to identify the risk factors for osteoporosis and low bone mineral density (BMD) in male patients with RA.We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study including 76 South Korean male patients with RA aged over 50 years and 76 age-matched male healthy individuals. BMD was measured at the lumbar spine (L1-4) and left hip (femoral neck and total hip) using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Osteoporosis was defined as a T-score of ≤ -2.5 according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification.The frequency of osteoporosis at either the spine or the hip among male patients with RA was significantly higher than that among controls (22.4% vs 10.5%, P = .049) and RA patients had a significantly lower total hip BMD than healthy individuals (0.92 ± 0.14 vs 0.96 ± 0.1 g/cm, P = .027). For male RA patients, the mean 28-joint Disease Activity Scores using erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) and body mass index (BMI) were 3.28 and 22 kg/m, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression models, BMI ≤ 22 kg/m (odds ratio = 3.43, P = .043) and DAS28-ESR > 3.2 (odds ratio = 3.85, P = .032) were independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either site in male patients with RA.Our data demonstrate that male patients with RA had a 2.1 times higher risk for osteoporosis compared with healthy individuals. This suggests that appropriate management of osteoporosis in patients with RA is crucial not only for postmenopausal women but also for men aged over 50 years, especially those with low BMI and higher disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Kweon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan
| | - Dong Hyun Sohn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan
| | - Ji-Heh Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan
| | - Jung Hee Koh
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan
| | - Eun-Kyoung Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan
| | - Han-Na Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan
| | - Keunyoung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital
| | - Yunkyung Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Geun-Tae Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Geun Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan
- Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital
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49
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Role of nutritional vitamin D in osteoporosis treatment. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:179-191. [PMID: 29782843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. The World Health Organization has defined osteoporosis as a decrease in bone mass (50%) and bony quality (50%). Vitamin D, a steroid hormone, is crucial for skeletal health and in mineral metabolism. Its direct action on osteoblasts and osteoclasts and interaction with nonskeletal tissues help in maintaining a balance between bone turnover and bone growth. Vitamin D affects the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, suggesting that it affects bone formation, bone resorption, and bone quality. At physiological concentrations, active vitamin D maintains a normal rate of bone resorption and formation through the RANKL/OPG signal. However, active vitamin D at pharmacological concentration inhibits bone resorption at a higher rate than that of bone formation, which influences the bone quality and quantity. Nutritional vitamin D rather than active vitamin D activates osteoblasts and maintains serum 25(OH)D3 concentration. Despite many unanswered questions, much data support nutritional vitamin D use in osteoporosis patients. This article emphasizes the role of nutritional vitamin D replacement in different turnover status (high or low bone turnover disorders) of osteoporosis together with either anti-resorptive (Bisphosphonate, Denosumab et.) or anabolic (Teriparatide) agents when osteoporosis persists.
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50
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Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Morsiani C, Conte M, Santoro A, Grignolio A, Monti D, Capri M, Salvioli S. The Continuum of Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Common Mechanisms but Different Rates. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:61. [PMID: 29662881 PMCID: PMC5890129 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 469] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Geroscience, the new interdisciplinary field that aims to understand the relationship between aging and chronic age-related diseases (ARDs) and geriatric syndromes (GSs), is based on epidemiological evidence and experimental data that aging is the major risk factor for such pathologies and assumes that aging and ARDs/GSs share a common set of basic biological mechanisms. A consequence is that the primary target of medicine is to combat aging instead of any single ARD/GSs one by one, as favored by the fragmentation into hundreds of specialties and sub-specialties. If the same molecular and cellular mechanisms underpin both aging and ARDs/GSs, a major question emerges: which is the difference, if any, between aging and ARDs/GSs? The hypothesis that ARDs and GSs such as frailty can be conceptualized as accelerated aging will be discussed by analyzing in particular frailty, sarcopenia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson as well as Down syndrome as an example of progeroid syndrome. According to this integrated view, aging and ARDs/GSs become part of a continuum where precise boundaries do not exist and the two extremes are represented by centenarians, who largely avoided or postponed most ARDs/GSs and are characterized by decelerated aging, and patients who suffered one or more severe ARDs in their 60s, 70s, and 80s and show signs of accelerated aging, respectively. In between these two extremes, there is a continuum of intermediate trajectories representing a sort of gray area. Thus, clinically different, classical ARDs/GSs are, indeed, the result of peculiar combinations of alterations regarding the same, limited set of basic mechanisms shared with the aging process. Whether an individual will follow a trajectory of accelerated or decelerated aging will depend on his/her genetic background interacting lifelong with environmental and lifestyle factors. If ARDs and GSs are manifestations of accelerated aging, it is urgent to identify markers capable of distinguishing between biological and chronological age to identify subjects at higher risk of developing ARDs and GSs. To this aim, we propose the use of DNA methylation, N-glycans profiling, and gut microbiota composition to complement the available disease-specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Franceschi
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, University of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Applied Biomedical Research Center (CRBA), S. Orsola-Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy.,CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Grignolio
- Unit and Museum of History of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Monti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center "L. Galvani" (CIG), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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