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Legge AC, Hanly JG. Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of neuropsychiatric lupus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024:10.1038/s41584-024-01163-z. [PMID: 39358609 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01163-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are common and frequently associated with a substantial negative impact on health outcomes. The pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) remains largely unknown, but a single pathogenic mechanism is unlikely to be responsible for the heterogeneous array of clinical manifestations, and a combination of inflammatory and ischaemic mechanistic pathways have been implicated. Currently, valid and reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis of NPSLE are lacking, and differentiating NPSLE from nervous system dysfunction not caused by SLE remains a major challenge for clinicians. However, correct attribution is essential to ensure timely institution of appropriate treatment. In the absence of randomized clinical trials on NPSLE, current treatment strategies are derived from clinical experience with different therapeutic modalities and their efficacy in the management of other manifestations of SLE or of neuropsychiatric disease in non-SLE populations. This Review describes recent advances in the understanding of NPSLE that can inform diagnosis and management, as well as unanswered questions that necessitate further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C Legge
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Arthritis Research Canada, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John G Hanly
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University and Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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Jiang Y, Yuan F, Xu X, Liu Y, Liang Y, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Zhao C. Correlation between neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus and immunological markers: a real-world retrospective study. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:2833-2842. [PMID: 38997542 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-07056-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate disparities in clinical profiles and autoantibody patterns between patients with and without neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) in a cohort and to identify risk factors associated with NPSLE in the Chinese population. METHODS SLE patients were retrospectively reviewed from two tertiary hospitals. The relationships between NPSLE and immunological biomarkers were explored. RESULTS Among the 945 SLE patients, 75 (7.94%) were diagnosed with NPSLE. The most prevalent NP manifestations involved cognitive disorder (30.67%), headache (26.67%), seizure disorder (26.67%), and psychosis (26.67%).We observed significant associations between psychosis and anti-β2GPI antibodies (F = 6.092, p = 0.015), polyneuropathy and anti-Scl70 antibodies (F = 20.161, p < 0.001), demyelinating syndrome and anti-cardiolipin antibodies (F = 6.637, p = 0.011), myasthenia gravis and anti-RNP (F = 5.864, p = 0.017), and anti-Smith antibodies (F = 5.096, p = 0.026). Multivariate logistics analysis showed that anti-prothrombin (aPT) IgM antibodies (OR = 10.985, CI 1.279-94.343, p = 0.029), age (OR = 1.169, CI 1.032-1.325, p = 0.014), and serum creatinine (SCr) (OR = 1.014, CI 1.003-1.025, p = 0.009) were independent risk factors of NPSLE, while anti-Sjogren syndrome antigen B (SSB) antibodies (OR 0.023, CI 0.002-0.622, p = 0.023) and high complement C3 (OR = 0.001, CI 0-0.045, p < 0.001) indicated reduced risk of NPSLE. CONCLUSION Various neuropsychiatric manifestations in SLE were found to be correlated with specific autoantibodies. Independent risk factors for NPSLE included aPT IgM antibodies, age, and elevated serum creatinine, while the absence of anti-SSB antibodies and low complement C3 levels were associated with increased risk. KEY POINTS •Significant associations were found between specific autoantibodies and neuropsychiatric symptoms, shedding light on potential biomarkers for predicting and understanding NPSLE. •The study identifies independent risk factors for NPSLE in the Chinese population, including the presence of anti-prothrombin IgM antibodies, older age, elevated serum creatinine, and lower complement C3 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Changlin Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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McCombe JA. Neurologic Manifestations of Rheumatologic Disorders. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2024; 30:1189-1225. [PMID: 39088293 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article provides an overview of the neurologic manifestations of sarcoidosis and select rheumatologic disorders. An approach to the assessment and differential diagnosis of characteristic clinical presentations, including meningitis and vasculitis, is also reviewed. A review of treatment options is included as well as discussion of distinct areas of overlap, including rheumatologic disease in the setting of neuromyelitis spectrum disorder and demyelinating disease in the setting of tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS An increased understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in sarcoidosis and rheumatologic diseases has resulted in a greater diversity of therapeutic options for their treatment. Evidence directing the treatment of the central nervous system (CNS) manifestations of these same diseases is lacking, with a paucity of controlled trials. ESSENTIAL POINTS It is important to have a basic knowledge of the common CNS manifestations of rheumatologic diseases and sarcoidosis so that they can be recognized when encountered. In the context of many systemic inflammatory diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, IgG4-related disease, and sarcoidosis, CNS disease may be a presenting feature or occur without systemic manifestations of the disease, making familiarity with these diseases even more important.
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Unal D, Cam V, Emreol HE, Özen S. Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update. Paediatr Drugs 2024; 26:381-395. [PMID: 38805115 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-024-00632-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a potentially serious and life-threatening complication of SLE. The presentation and severity of neuropsychiatric involvement in SLE may show considerable variability. The disease can affect the neural tissue directly or may be associated with vascular involvement, mainly associated with anti-phospholipid (aPL) antibodies. A direct causal link with SLE may sometimes be challenging since there are many confounding factors and the symptoms may be non-specific. Despite its remarkable sensitivity in detecting hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, transverse myelitis and ischemic infarction, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lacks the spatial resolution required to identify microvascular involvement. When standard MRI fails to detect a suspicious lesion, it is advisable to use advanced imaging modalities such as positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or quantitative MRI, if available. Even with these advanced modalities, the specificity of neuroimaging in NPSLE remains inadequate (60-82% for MRI). Neuropsychiatric syndromes, such as cerebrovascular events, seizures and cognitive impairments appear to be associated with serum aPL antibodies. Some studies have shown that anti-ribosomal P antibodies have a low sensitivity for NPSLE and a limited contribution to the differentiation of different clinical entities. Treatment has two main goals: symptomatic relief and treatment of the disease itself. Commonly used immunosuppressants for NPSLE include cyclophosphamide (CYC), azathioprine (AZA), and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). According to EULAR's current recommendation, strong immunosuppressants such as CYC and rituximab (RTX) should be preferred. Biologics have also been used in NPSLE. Fingolimod, eculizumab, and JAK inhibitors are potential drugs in the pipeline. Developing targeted therapies will be possible by a better understanding of the pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilara Unal
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Sihhiye Campus, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Veysel Cam
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Sihhiye Campus, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hulya Ercan Emreol
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Sihhiye Campus, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Özen
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Hacettepe University Medical Faculty, Sihhiye Campus, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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Chen SC, Huang YS, Wu CS. Serotonin Syndrome-Mimicking Manifestations in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3516. [PMID: 38930045 PMCID: PMC11204485 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13123516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is a complication of systemic lupus erythematosus with diverse clinical presentations sharing common features with variable neurologic disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may provide imaging evidence of structural brain abnormalities associated with symptoms of NPSLE. Serotonin syndrome is a toxidrome characterized by altered mental status, autonomic hyperactivity, and neuromuscular abnormalities. It is mostly caused by medications that increase serotonin and is rarely reported as a manifestation of neuropsychiatric lupus. We presented the case of a 24-year-old Taiwanese woman with a history of systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosed at 21 years of age. The initial clinical and laboratory presentations upon diagnosis included fever, arthritis, hypocomplementemia, positive antinuclear antibody, anti-double-stranded DNA antibody, and anti-ribosomal P antibody. Her condition once remained stable under oral glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants, but she developed sudden-onset consciousness disturbance, incoherent speech, and unsteady gait ten days before our assessment. A high fever of up to 39 °C with tremor and clonus occurred at the intensive care unit. Brain MRI revealed symmetric T2 hyperintensity without diffusion restriction over the bilateral globus pallidus. High-dose pulse glucocorticoid and rituximab were prescribed during her admission and the neuropsychiatric symptoms diminished upon treatment. No alternation in mental status or involuntary movements were noted at follow-up. Our patient was diagnosed with neuropsychiatric lupus, with clinical symptoms and image findings mimicking those of serotonin syndrome. Neuroimaging, such as MRI, detects various structural brain abnormalities and may provide pathophysiological evidence of clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan;
| | - Yan-Siang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Sheng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 22060, Taiwan;
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Patel V. The Challenge of Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: From Symptoms to Therapeutic Strategies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1186. [PMID: 38893713 PMCID: PMC11172037 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune condition that can seriously impair multiple organs including the nervous system, causing neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), which encompasses a broad range of symptoms. Pathogenesis is not completely understood but is thought to involve inflammatory and vascular pathways. This comprehensive review discusses the complex nature and heterogeneity of NPSLE and the challenges in diagnosis and treatment that result from it. Diagnosis often requires a multidisciplinary approach with multiple assessments, including laboratory testing, imaging, and neuropsychological evaluations. Current treatments focus on managing symptoms through immunosuppressive and anti-thrombotic therapies tailored to the inflammatory or vascular nature of the specific NPSLE manifestations. This paper emphasizes the necessity for interdisciplinary approaches and further research to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment effectiveness. It also highlights the importance of understanding the underlying mechanisms of NPSLE to develop more targeted therapies, citing the need for high-quality studies and novel treatment agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Conti F, Moratti M, Leonardi L, Catelli A, Bortolamedi E, Filice E, Fetta A, Fabi M, Facchini E, Cantarini ME, Miniaci A, Cordelli DM, Lanari M, Pession A, Zama D. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effect of High-Dose Immunoglobulins in Children: From Approved Indications to Off-Label Use. Cells 2023; 12:2417. [PMID: 37830631 PMCID: PMC10572613 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large-scale utilization of immunoglobulins in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) since 1952 prompted the discovery of their key role at high doses as immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory therapy, in the treatment of IEI-related immune dysregulation disorders, according to labelled and off-label indications. Recent years have been dominated by a progressive imbalance between the gradual but constant increase in the use of immunoglobulins and their availability, exacerbated by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. OBJECTIVES To provide pragmatic indications for a need-based application of high-dose immunoglobulins in the pediatric context. SOURCES A literature search was performed using PubMed, from inception until 1st August 2023, including the following keywords: anti-inflammatory; children; high dose gammaglobulin; high dose immunoglobulin; immune dysregulation; immunomodulation; immunomodulatory; inflammation; intravenous gammaglobulin; intravenous immunoglobulin; off-label; pediatric; subcutaneous gammaglobulin; subcutaneous immunoglobulin. All article types were considered. IMPLICATIONS In the light of the current imbalance between gammaglobulins' demand and availability, this review advocates the urgency of a more conscious utilization of this medical product, giving indications about benefits, risks, cost-effectiveness, and administration routes of high-dose immunoglobulins in children with hematologic, neurologic, and inflammatory immune dysregulation disorders, prompting further research towards a responsible employment of gammaglobulins and improving the therapeutical decisional process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Conti
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Mattia Moratti
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Lucia Leonardi
- Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Arianna Catelli
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisa Bortolamedi
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.C.); (E.B.)
| | - Emanuele Filice
- Department of Pediatrics, Maggiore Hospital, 40133 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Anna Fetta
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Fabi
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elena Facchini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.F.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Maria Elena Cantarini
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Unit “Lalla Seràgnoli”, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (E.F.); (M.E.C.)
| | - Angela Miniaci
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Duccio Maria Cordelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, UOC Neuropsichiatria dell’Età Pediatrica, 40139 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (F.C.); (A.M.); (A.P.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Daniele Zama
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (A.F.); (D.M.C.); (M.L.); (D.Z.)
- Paediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
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Kısaarslan AP, Çiçek SÖ, Batu ED, Şahin S, Gürgöze MK, Çetinkaya SB, Ekinci MK, Atmış B, Barut K, Adrovic A, Ağar BE, Şahin N, Demir F, Bağlan E, Kara MA, Selçuk ŞZ, Özdel S, Çomak E, Akkoyunlu B, Yener GO, Yıldırım DG, Öztürk K, Yıldız M, Haşlak F, Şener S, Kısaoğlu H, Baba Ö, Kızıldağ Z, İşgüder R, Çağlayan Ş, Bilgin RBG, Aytaç G, Yücel BB, Tanatar A, Sönmez HE, Çakan M, Kara A, Elmas AT, Kılıç BD, Ayaz NA, Kasap B, Acar BÇ, Ozkaya O, Yüksel S, Bakkaloğlu S, Aydoğ Ö, Aksu G, Akman S, Dönmez O, Bülbül M, Büyükçelik M, Tabel Y, Sözeri B, Kalyoncu M, Bilginer Y, Poyrazoğlu MH, Ünsal E, Kasapçopur Ö, Özen S, Düşünsel R. Neuropsychiatric involvement in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicenter study. Joint Bone Spine 2023; 90:105559. [PMID: 36858168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuropsychiatric (NP) involvement is a restricted area in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE). AIM To investigate the prevalence, demographic and clinical features, and outcomes of the neurological involvement in the Turkish jSLE population. METHODS This study was based upon 24 referral centers' SLE cohorts, multicenter and multidisciplinary network in Turkey. Patient data were collected by a case report form which was standardized for NP definitions according to American Collage of Rheumatology (ACR). Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI) neuropsychiatric part was used to determine NP damage. Variables were evaluated Ward's hierarchical clustering analyses, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A hundred forty-nine of 1107 jSLE patients had NP involvement (13.5%). The most common NPSLE findings were headache (50.3%), seizure (38.3%), and acute confusional state (33.6%). Five clusters were identified with all clinical and laboratory findings. The first two clusters involved neuropathies, demyelinating diseases, aseptic meningitis, and movement disorder. Cluster 3 involved headache, activity markers and other SLE involvements. Idiopathic intracranial hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, cognitive dysfunction, psychiatric disorders and SLE antibodies were in the fourth, and acute confusional state was in the fifth cluster. In multivariate analysis, APA positivity; OR: 2.820, (%95CI: 1.002-7.939), P: 0,050, plasmapheresis; OR: 13.804 (%95CI: 2.785-68.432), P: 0,001, SLEDAI scores; OR: 1.115 (%95CI: (1.049-1.186), P: 0,001 were associated with increased risk for neurologic sequelae. CONCLUSION We detected the prevalence of juvenile NPSLE manifestations in Turkey. We have identified five clusters that may shed light pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis of NP involvements. We also determined risk factors of neurological sequelae. Our study showed that new definitions NP involvements and sequelae for childhood period are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ezgi D Batu
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sezgin Şahin
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Metin K Gürgöze
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | | | | | - Bahriye Atmış
- Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Kenan Barut
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Amra Adrovic
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Buket Esen Ağar
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Nihal Şahin
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Derince Educational and Research Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Demir
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Acıbadem Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Bağlan
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Doctor Sami-Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Akbalık Kara
- Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Şenay Zırhlı Selçuk
- Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Semanur Özdel
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Doctor Sami-Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Elif Çomak
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Betül Akkoyunlu
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Otar Yener
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Şanlıurfa Research and Training Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | | | - Kübra Öztürk
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Professor Doctor Süleyman-Yalçın City Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yıldız
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatih Haşlak
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seher Şener
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kısaoğlu
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Özge Baba
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kızıldağ
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Rana İşgüder
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Şengül Çağlayan
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Ümraniye Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gülçin Aytaç
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bozkaya Yücel
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Tanatar
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hafize E Sönmez
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Çakan
- Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Health Sciences, Zeynep Kamil Women and Children's Diseases Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Kara
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Fırat University, Elazıg, Turkey
| | - Ahmet T Elmas
- Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | | | - Nuray Aktay Ayaz
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Belde Kasap
- Pediatric Nephrology, Katip-Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Banu Çelikel Acar
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozan Ozkaya
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, İstinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Selçuk Yüksel
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sevcan Bakkaloğlu
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Aydoğ
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Güzide Aksu
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sema Akman
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Osman Dönmez
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Doctor Sami-Ulus Maternity and Child Health and Diseases Research and Training Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mithat Büyükçelik
- Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Yılmaz Tabel
- Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Betül Sözeri
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Ümraniye Research and Training Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mukaddes Kalyoncu
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Yelda Bilginer
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muammer H Poyrazoğlu
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Erbil Ünsal
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Kasapçopur
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seza Özen
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ruhan Düşünsel
- Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
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9
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Dobrowolski C, McGinley J, Fazzari M, Su J, Bingham KS, Anderson N, Ruttan L, Beaton DE, Wither JE, Tartaglia MC, Kakvan M, Bonilla D, Choi MY, Fritzler MJ, Diaz Martinez JP, Katz P, Green R, Putterman C, Touma Z. Association of mycophenolate and azathioprine use with cognitive function in systemic lupus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2023; 62:1860-1869. [PMID: 36135792 PMCID: PMC10152298 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive dysfunction (CD) is a common manifestation of SLE that can have detrimental consequences for those affected. To date, no treatments have been approved for SLE-CD. This study aims to assess the association of azathioprine (AZA) and mycophenolate (MMF) use with SLE-CD, given that these medications have demonstrated neuroprotective qualities in prior studies. METHODS Consecutive adult SLE patients presenting to a single healthcare center were considered for participation. The ACR neuropsychological battery for SLE was administered to consenting patients at 0, 6 and 12 months. Scores were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. Primary outcome was CD, defined as a z-score ≤-1.5 in two or more cognitive domains. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were constructed to estimate the odds of CD with respect to AZA and MMF use. RESULTS A total of 300 participants representing 676 patient visits completed the study; 114 (38%) met criteria for CD at baseline. The cumulative AZA dose (g/kg) was associated with reduced odds of CD [odds ratio (OR) 0.76 (95% CI 0.58, 0.98), P = 0.04]. Years of AZA treatment was also associated with reduced odds of CD [OR 0.72 (95% CI 0.54, 0.97), P = 0.03]. MMF use was not associated with CD. CONCLUSION AZA use was associated with significantly lower odds of SLE-CD, while MMF use was not. Additional studies are warranted to further investigate the relationship of AZA and SLE-CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrisanna Dobrowolski
- Division of Rheumatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John McGinley
- Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Fazzari
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jiandong Su
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathleen S Bingham
- Centre for Mental Health, University Health Network; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole Anderson
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lesley Ruttan
- University Health Network-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorcas E Beaton
- Institute for Work and Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joan E Wither
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mahta Kakvan
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dennisse Bonilla
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - May Y Choi
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Juan Pablo Diaz Martinez
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Katz
- University of California, San Francisco, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Robin Green
- University Health Network-Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Azrieli School of Medicine, Safed, Israel
- Galillee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Zahi Touma
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Zhang L, Shi Y, Zhang J, Wu J, Jiang W. Cyclophosphamide-induced seizures in a patient with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE): A case report. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1122629. [PMID: 36999036 PMCID: PMC10049787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1122629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Seizures are life-threatening complications of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) and are often associated with poor outcomes. Cyclophosphamide immunotherapy is the mainstay of NPSLE treatment. We report the unique case of a patient with NPSLE who developed seizures soon after her first and second doses of low-dose cyclophosphamide. The exact pathophysiological mechanism underlying cyclophosphamide-induced seizures is not well understood. However, this unusual drug-associated side effect of cyclophosphamide is thought to be due to the drug’s unique pharmacology. Clinicians should be aware of this complication to make a correct diagnosis and adjust the immunosuppressive regimens very carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingshu Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- Core Facilities of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Internal Medicine Department, Xihua University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Jiang,
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11
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Heming M, Müller-Miny L, Rolfes L, Schulte-Mecklenbeck A, Brix TJ, Varghese J, Pawlitzki M, Pavenstädt H, Kriegel MA, Gross CC, Wiendl H, Meyer zu Hörste G. Supporting the differential diagnosis of connective tissue diseases with neurological involvement by blood and cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:46. [PMID: 36823602 PMCID: PMC9951507 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neurological manifestations of autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTD) are poorly understood and difficult to diagnose. We here aimed to address this shortcoming by studying immune cell compositions in CTD patients with and without neurological manifestation. METHODS Using flow cytometry, we retrospectively investigated paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples of 28 CTD patients without neurological manifestation, 38 CTD patients with neurological manifestation (N-CTD), 38 non-inflammatory controls, and 38 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, a paradigmatic primary neuroinflammatory disease. RESULTS We detected an expansion of plasma cells in the blood of both N-CTD and CTD compared to non-inflammatory controls and MS. Blood plasma cells alone distinguished the clinically similar entities N-CTD and MS with high discriminatory performance (AUC: 0.81). Classical blood monocytes indicated higher disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Surprisingly, immune cells in the CSF did not differ significantly between N-CTD and CTD, while CD4+ T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were elevated in the blood of N-CTD compared to CTD. Several B cell-associated parameters partially overlapped in the CSF in MS and N-CTD. We built a machine learning model that distinguished N-CTD from MS with high discriminatory power using either blood or CSF. CONCLUSION We here find that blood flow cytometry alone surprisingly suffices to distinguish CTD with neurological manifestations from clinically similar entities, suggesting that a rapid blood test could support clinicians in the differential diagnosis of N-CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Heming
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Louisa Müller-Miny
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Leoni Rolfes
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias J. Brix
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Julian Varghese
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Institute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- grid.14778.3d0000 0000 8922 7789Department of Neurology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hermann Pavenstädt
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Division of General Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine D, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin A. Kriegel
- grid.5949.10000 0001 2172 9288Department of Translational Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany ,grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Section of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Catharina C. Gross
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinz Wiendl
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerd Meyer zu Hörste
- grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Neurology With Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149 Münster, Germany
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12
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Monahan RC, Beaart-van de Voorde LJJ, Fronczek R, de Bresser J, Eikenboom J, Kloppenburg M, Middelkoop HAM, Terwindt GM, van der Wee NJA, Huizinga TWJ, Steup-Beekman GM. Clinical outcome in patients with suspected inflammatory neuropsychiatric lupus treated with immunosuppression: an observational cohort study. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:10/1/e000850. [PMID: 36737098 PMCID: PMC9900068 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The short-term and long-term outcome of inflammatory neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) with immunosuppressive treatment is largely unknown. We used clinical data from our tertiary referral centre for NPSLE to investigate the type of inflammatory NPSLE manifestations, type of immunosuppressive treatment prescribed for these manifestations and clinical outcomes. METHODS All patients with SLE visiting the Leiden University Medical Centre NPSLE clinic between 2007 and 2021 receiving immunosuppressive therapy for neuropsychiatric symptoms were included. Clinical, immunological and radiological information was collected in as standardised way during a 1-day multidisciplinary assessment. In a multidisciplinary consensus meeting, the presence of NPSLE and the type of NPSLE manifestations and treatment were determined. For this study, short-term (0-6 months) and long-term outcomes (7-24 months) of the NP symptoms were assessed by two independent readers and scored on a 7-point Likert scale, ranging from death to resolved. RESULTS In total, 95 out of 398 (24%) patients visiting the NPSLE clinic between 2007 and 2021 received any form of immunosuppressive treatment for 101 separate NPSLE events. The most common NP manifestation was cognitive dysfunction (50%) as identified by formal cognitive assessment, often present in combination with other NPSLE manifestations. Treatment modalities were induction (24%), induction and maintenance (73%) and other therapy (3%). The treatments mostly consisted of (combinations of) prednisone (97%), methylprednisolone (53%), azathioprine (generally 2 mg/kg daily) (49%) and cyclophosphamide (generally induction 750 mg/m2 every 4 weeks for 24 weeks or 500mg biweekly for 12 weeks) (42%). Short-term outcome showed improvement on the Likert scale in 73% (improved: 22%, much improved: 29%, resolved: 22%), no change in 21% and worsening in 6% of patients. Long-term outcome was available for 78 out of 101 events and showed improvement in 70% (improved: 14%, much improved: 28%, resolved: 28%), no change in 17%, worsening in 10% and death in 3% of patients (none directly NPSLE-related). CONCLUSION The outcome of inflammatory NPSLE after immunosuppressive treatment is generally good, with improvement of neuropsychiatric symptoms occuring in approximately 70% of events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory C Monahan
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rolf Fronczek
- Department of Neurology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands,SEIN, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeroen Eikenboom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Huub A M Middelkoop
- Department of Neurology, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands,Institute of Psychology, Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands,Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda M Steup-Beekman
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Rheumatology, Haaglanden Medical Centre, the Hague, The Netherlands
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13
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Moore E, Huang MW, Reynolds CA, Macian F, Putterman C. Choroid Plexus-Infiltrating T Cells as Drivers of Murine Neuropsychiatric Lupus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 74:1796-1807. [PMID: 35637551 PMCID: PMC9825865 DOI: 10.1002/art.42252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE T cells are critical in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in that they secrete inflammatory cytokines, help autoantibody production, and form autoreactive memory T cells. Although the contribution of T cells to several forms of organ-mediated damage in SLE has been previously demonstrated, the role of T cells in neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE), which involves diffuse central nervous system manifestations and is observed in 20-40% of SLE patients, is not known. Therefore, we conducted this study to evaluate how behavioral deficits are altered after depletion or transfer of T cells, to directly assess the role of T cells in NPSLE. METHODS MRL/lpr mice, an NPSLE mouse model, were either systemically depleted of CD4+ T cells or intracerebroventricularly injected with choroid plexus (CP)-infiltrating T cells and subsequently evaluated for alterations in neuropsychiatric manifestations. Our study end points included evaluation of systemic disease and assessment of central nervous system changes. RESULTS Systemic depletion of CD4+ T cells ameliorated systemic disease and cognitive deficits. Intracerebroventricular injection of CP-infiltrating T cells exacerbated depressive-like behavior and worsened cognition in recipient mice compared with mice who received injection of splenic lupus T cells or phosphate buffered saline. Moreover, we observed enhanced activation in CP-infiltrating T cells when cocultured with brain lysate-pulsed dendritic cells in comparison to the activation levels observed in cocultures with splenic T cells. CONCLUSION T cells, and more specifically CP-infiltrating antigen-specific T cells, contributed to the pathogenesis of NPSLE in mice, indicating that, in the development of more targeted treatments for NPSLE, modulation of T cells may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of RheumatologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew York
| | - Michelle W. Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of RheumatologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew York
| | - Cara A. Reynolds
- Department of PathologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew York
| | - Fernando Macian
- Department of PathologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew York
| | - Chaim Putterman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine of Bar‐Ilan University, Safed, Israel, Galilee Research Institute, Nahariya, Israel, and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of RheumatologyAlbert Einstein College of MedicineNew York
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14
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Understanding Ocular Findings and Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Update Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012264. [PMID: 36293119 PMCID: PMC9603180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune disease. Up to one-third of patients suffering from SLE have various ocular manifestations. The ocular findings may represent the initial manifestation of the systemic disease and may lead to severe ocular complications, and even loss of vision. Ocular manifestations are often associated with degree of systemic inflammation, but also can precede the occurrence of systemic symptoms. Early diagnosis and adequate management of patients with SLE are crucial and require cooperation between various specialists. Proper preparation of ophthalmologists can help to differentiate between complication of SLE and other ocular disorders. New therapies for SLE are promising for potential benefits, however, ocular side effects are still unknown.
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15
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Mrak D, Bonelli M, Radner H. Neuropsychiatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: a remaining challenge. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:881-891. [PMID: 35549864 DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220512102824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which affects a wide range of organs with variable clinical features. Involvement of the nervous system is a challenging and multifaceted manifestation of the disease, presenting with a broad range of symptoms. Neuropsychiatric lupus (NPSLE) encompasses seven syndromes of the peripheral and 12 of the central nervous system, associated with a high disease burden. Despite advances in the management of SLE, NP manifestations still pose a challenge to clinicians. First, diagnosis and attribution to SLE is difficult due to the lack of specific biomarkers or imaging modalities. Second, therapeutic options are limited, and evidence is mainly based on case reports and expert consensus, as clinical trials are sparse. Moreover, no validated outcome measure on disease activity exists. Current recommendations for treatment include supportive as well as immunosuppressive medication, depending on the type and severity of manifestations. As NPSLE manifestations are increasingly recognized, a broader spectrum of therapeutic options can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Mrak
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Bonelli
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Radner
- Division of Rheumatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Peter E, Robert M, Guinet V, Krolak-Salmon P, Desestret V, Jacquin-Courtois S, Cohen F, Sève P, Garnier-Crussard A. [Importance of cognitive disorders in internal medicine: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, management. The example of systemic lupus erythematosus]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 43:39-47. [PMID: 34563395 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Systemic diseases, which are in France mainly monitored in internal medicine, affect multiple organs or tissues. While cutaneous or articular manifestations are the most common, neurological involvement is often associated with severity. Diagnosis of peripheral (e.g, neuropathies) or central (e.g, myelitis) nervous disorders is quite easy through clinical examination and dedicated complementary tests. However, neuropsychological manifestations that affect cognition, including memory, attention, executive functions or reasoning, are difficult to diagnose, sometimes trivialized by practitioners. Their causes are often numerous and interrelated. Nevertheless, these cognitive manifestations are closely related to patients' quality of life, affecting their social life, family dynamics and professional integration but also the treatment adherence. The purpose of this review, focused on the example of systemic lupus erythematosus, is to raise awareness of cognitive dysfunction in systemic diseases including their management from diagnosis to treatments. The final aim is to go further into setting up research groups and care programs for patients with cognitive impairment followed in internal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Peter
- Service de médecine interne, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Robert
- Service de médecine interne et immunologie clinique, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Édouard-Herriot, université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - V Guinet
- Service de neurologie fonctionnelle et d'épileptologie, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Pierre-Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - P Krolak-Salmon
- Centre mémoire ressource et recherche de Lyon (CMRR), hospices civils de Lyon, institut du vieillissement I-vie, hôpital des Charpennes, Lyon, France
| | - V Desestret
- Centre mémoire ressource et recherche de Lyon (CMRR), hospices civils de Lyon, institut du vieillissement I-vie, hôpital des Charpennes, Lyon, France; Service de neurocognition et de neuro-ophtalmologie, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Pierre-Wertheimer, Lyon, France
| | - S Jacquin-Courtois
- Service de médecine physique et de réadaptation, rééducation neurologique, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital Henry-Gabrielle, 69230 Saint-Genis-Laval, France
| | - F Cohen
- Service de médecine Interne 2, institut E3M, groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - P Sève
- Service de médecine interne, hospices civils de Lyon, hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - A Garnier-Crussard
- Centre mémoire ressource et recherche de Lyon (CMRR), hospices civils de Lyon, institut du vieillissement I-vie, hôpital des Charpennes, Lyon, France.
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17
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Li Q, Chen K, Deng Y, Liu X, Ma G, Zeng J, Lu J, Zhao M, Wu H, Lu Q. A skin in situ immune cell detection kit for the diagnosis and classification of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1062. [PMID: 34422974 PMCID: PMC8339827 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Although lupus can be diagnosed by first impression, medical history, physical examination, pathological analysis and laboratory tests, the accurate classification of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) is still a major challenge in the clinic, which might mislead the selection of treatments and miss the right time for the administration of therapies. The goal of this study was to establish a novel kit to assist with the diagnosis and classification of cutaneous lupus. Methods Sixty-five patients from three hospitals were included in this study, including 50 patients with LE and other similar skin diseases. We invited two dermatology specialists to make an accurate diagnosis of the subtypes of lupus based on the patient’s clinical features, laboratory examination tests, pathology manifestation analysis, medical treatments and follow-up records. Then, we used their diagnosis results as a standard to which we successively compared the consistency of each step of our diagnosis processes, including impression diagnosis, pathology diagnosis, the combined consideration of the former two diagnostic analyses, and the results of an in situ immune cell detection kit to assist in arriving at a judgement. Results By Cohen’s kappa analysis, we found that the results of the in situ immune cell detection kit had the highest consistency with the diagnoses of the two specialists, both for the diagnosis (k=0.921) and for the classification of cutaneous lupus (k=0.940). In addition, this kit enhanced the LE classification accuracy by 36.3% compared with the diagnostic accuracy of impression diagnosis combined with only pathological analysis. Conclusions This skin in situ immune cell detection kit may assist doctors in achieving a higher diagnostic performance and price ratio and enhance their diagnostic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Li
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Kaili Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Yueming Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Xiguang Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hei Long Jiang Provincial Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guozhang Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Hei Long Jiang Provincial Hospital, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Jianyun Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, Changsha, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Nanjing, China
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