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Sakares W, Wongkhattiya W, Vichayachaipat P, Chaiwut C, Yodsurang V, Nutthachote P. Accuracy of CCL20 expression level as a liquid biopsy-based diagnostic biomarker for ovarian carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1038835. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1038835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe study aimed to investigate the potentiality of chemokines, including MCP-1, CCL15, CCL20, and CXCL14, as biomarkers for differential diagnosis between benign tumors and ovarian cancer (OC).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in women aged >18 years who had adnexal masses treated with elective surgery at the HRH Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center, Srinakharinwirot University, between 2020 and 2021. The preoperative MCP-1, CCL15, CCL20, and CXCL14 serum levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Preoperative diagnosis was defined according to the risk of malignancy index. The histological diagnosis and cancer subtype were confirmed using pathological specimens.ResultsNinety-eight participants were preoperatively diagnosed with malignant tumors. The pathological diagnosis confirmed OC in 33 patients and disclosed 27 misdiagnosed cases, of which endometriotic cyst was the most common (44.44%). CCL20 and CA125 serum levels were significantly higher in the patients with cancer than in those with benign. In addition, CCL20 level could differentiate between benign and early-stage malignancy. Furthermore, only CCL20 levels could distinguish endometriotic cysts from OC, whereas CA125 levels could not. Concordant with the serum protein level, the increased mRNA level of CCL20 was observed in ovarian cancers comparing with that in benign tissues. We found that CCL20 levels could differentiate between benign tumors and OC with 60.61% sensitivity and 75.44% specificity at the optimal cutoff value of 38.79 pg/ml. Finally, the logistic regression model integrating CCL20, CA125, and menopause status promoted diagnostic accuracy by increasing the specificity to 91.23%.ConclusionsOur study revealed the potential usefulness of CCL20 level as a biomarker for diagnosing early-stage OC with endometriosis differentiation. We recommend further studies to confirm the accuracy of CCL20 levels with the current diagnosis in a large patient sample.
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Prognostic value, DNA variation and immunologic features of a tertiary lymphoid structure-related chemokine signature in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:1923-1935. [PMID: 35043231 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-03123-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) affect the occurrence and development of cancers. How the immune contexture interacts with the phenotype of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unclear. METHODS We identified and evaluated TLS clusters in ccRCC using machine learning algorithms and the 12-chemokine gene signature for TLS. Analyses for functional enrichment, DNA variation, immune cell distribution, association with independent clinicopathological features and predictive value of CXCL13 in ccRCC were performed. RESULTS We found a prominently enrichment of the 12-chemokine gene signature for TLS in patients with ccRCC compared with other types of renal cell carcinoma. We identified a prognostic value of CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CCL19 and CXCL13 expression in ccRCC. DNA deletion of the TLS gene signature significantly predicted poor outcome in ccRCC compared with amplification and wild-type gene signature. We established TLS clusters (C1-4) and observed distinct differences in survival, stem cell-like characteristics, immune cell distribution, response to immunotherapies and VEGF-targeted therapies among the clusters. We found that elevated CXCL13 expression significantly predicted aggressive progression and poor prognosis in 232 patients with ccRCC in a real-world validation cohort. CONCLUSION This study described a 12-chemokine gene signature for TLS in ccRCC and established TLS clusters that reflected different TME immune status and corresponded to prognosis of ccRCC. We confirmed the dense presence of TILs aggregation and TLS in ccRCC and demonstrated an oncogenic role of CXCL13 expression of ccRCC, which help develop immunotherapies and provide novel insights on the long-term management of ccRCC.
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Cao JZ, Yao GS, Liu F, Tang YM, Li PJ, Feng ZH, Luo JH, Wei JH. TP53/BRAF mutation as an aid in predicting response to immune-checkpoint inhibitor across multiple cancer types. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:2868-2879. [PMID: 35344507 PMCID: PMC9004558 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors, such as PD-1/PD-L1 blockage, is becoming standard of practice for an increasing number of cancer types. However, the response rate is only 10%-40%. Thus, identifying biomarkers that could accurately predict the ICI-therapy response is critically important. We downloaded somatic mutation data for 46,697 patients and tumor-infiltrating immune cells levels data for 11070 patients, then combined TP53 and BRAF mutation status into a biomarker model and found that the predict ability of TP53/BRAF mutation model is more powerful than some past models. Commonly, patients with high-TMB status have better response to ICI therapy than patients with low-TMB status. However, the genotype of TP53MUTBRAFWT in high-TMB status cohort have poorer response to ICI therapy than the genotype of BRAFMUTTP53WT in low-TMB status (Median, 18 months vs 47 month). Thus, TP53/BRAF mutation model can add predictive value to TMB in identifying patients who benefited from ICI treatment, which can enable more informed treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zheng Cao
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Gao-Sheng Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Urology, National Cancer Center, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ming Tang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Peng-Ju Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zi-Hao Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun-Hang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Huan Wei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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The YY1/miR-548t-5p/CXCL11 signaling axis regulates cell proliferation and metastasis in human pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:294. [PMID: 32341359 PMCID: PMC7186231 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2475-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis and high mortality. However, the biological role of miR-548t-5p in PC has not been reported. In this study, we found that miR-548t-5p expression was significantly decreased in PC tissues compared with adjacent tissues, and that low miR-548t-5p expression was associated with malignant PC behavior. In addition, high miR-548t-5p expression inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of PC cell lines. Regarding the molecular mechanism, the luciferase reporter gene, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), and functional recovery assays revealed that YY1 binds to the miR-548t-5p promoter and positively regulates the expression and function of miR-548t-5p. miR-548t-5p also directly regulates CXCL11 to inhibit its expression. A high level of CXCL11 was associated with worse Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) staging in patients with PC, enhancing proliferation and metastasis in PC cells. Our study shows that the YY1/miR-548t-5p/CXCL11 axis plays an important role in PC and provides a new potential candidate for the treatment of PC.
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Sernicola A, Russo I, Silic-Benussi M, Ciminale V, Alaibac M. Targeting the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) in inflammatory and neoplastic skin conditions. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:275-282. [PMID: 31951753 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1715937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The cutaneous lymphocyte antigen interacts with E-selectin on endothelial cells and is expressed on 15% of circulating T-cells. Skin-homing T-cells express the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and play a role in local cutaneous immunity in inflammatory reactions and neoplastic conditions.Areas covered: Lymphocyte extravasation is the essential para-physiological mechanism enabling immune surveillance of tissues for tumors as well as effector cell recruitment to inflammatory sites.The authors focused on skin inflammatory disorders, on cutaneous lymphoproliferative disease, and on other skin malignancies.Expert opinion: Interfering with leukocyte extravasation has been regarded as an attractive strategy in skin disorders, in the past for inflammatory conditions and more recently for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Therapeutic blocking of skin-homing interactions has been attempted in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis and has been achieved in the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen is a potential molecular target for both systemic and skin-directed therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irene Russo
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Micol Silic-Benussi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Mauro Alaibac
- Unit of Dermatology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Hussain M, Adah D, Tariq M, Lu Y, Zhang J, Liu J. CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling axis in cancer. Life Sci 2019; 227:175-186. [PMID: 31026453 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment comprises stromal and tumor cells which interact with each other through complex cross-talks that are mediated by a variety of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. The chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) and its chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) are among the key chemotactic factors which play crucial roles in deriving cancer cell biology. CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling axis makes pivotal contributions to the development and progression of several human cancers. In this review, we discuss how CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling modulates cancer cell ability to grow, proliferate, invade, and metastasize. Furthermore, we also discuss the preliminary evidence on context-dependent functioning of this axis within the tumor-immune microenvironment, thus, highlighting its potential dichotomy with respect to anticancer immunity and cancer immune-evasion mechanisms. At the end, we briefly shed light on the therapeutic potential or implications of targeting CXCL13/CXCR5 axis within the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzammal Hussain
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dickson Adah
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Center for Infection and Immunity, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Heath, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Muqddas Tariq
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yongzhi Lu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China
| | - Jiancun Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China.
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Science Park, Guangzhou 510530, PR China.
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Lei J, Rudolph A, Moysich KB, Behrens S, Goode EL, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Wang Q, Benitez J, Hopper JL, Southey MC, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Fasching PA, Haeberle L, Peto J, Dos-Santos-Silva I, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson I, Burwinkel B, Marmé F, Guénel P, Truong T, Bojesen SE, Flyger H, Nielsen SF, Nordestgaard BG, González-Neira A, Menéndez P, Anton-Culver H, Neuhausen SL, Brenner H, Arndt V, Meindl A, Schmutzler RK, Brauch H, Hamann U, Nevanlinna H, Fagerholm R, Dörk T, Bogdanova NV, Mannermaa A, Hartikainen JM, Van Dijck L, Smeets A, Flesch-Janys D, Eilber U, Radice P, Peterlongo P, Couch FJ, Hallberg E, Giles GG, Milne RL, Haiman CA, Schumacher F, Simard J, Goldberg MS, Kristensen V, Borresen-Dale AL, Zheng W, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Winqvist R, Grip M, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, García-Closas M, Figueroa J, Czene K, Brand JS, Darabi H, Eriksson M, Hall P, Li J, Cox A, Cross SS, Pharoah PDP, Shah M, Kabisch M, Torres D, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Ademuyiwa F, Ambrosone CB, Swerdlow A, Jones M, Chang-Claude J. Genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes and breast cancer susceptibility: a pooled analysis of 42,510 cases and 40,577 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium. Hum Genet 2016; 135:137-54. [PMID: 26621531 PMCID: PMC4698282 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-015-1616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppression plays a pivotal role in assisting tumors to evade immune destruction and promoting tumor development. We hypothesized that genetic variation in the immunosuppression pathway genes may be implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis. We included 42,510 female breast cancer cases and 40,577 controls of European ancestry from 37 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (2015) with available genotype data for 3595 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 133 candidate genes. Associations between genotyped SNPs and overall breast cancer risk, and secondarily according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, were assessed using multiple logistic regression models. Gene-level associations were assessed based on principal component analysis. Gene expression analyses were conducted using RNA sequencing level 3 data from The Cancer Genome Atlas for 989 breast tumor samples and 113 matched normal tissue samples. SNP rs1905339 (A>G) in the STAT3 region was associated with an increased breast cancer risk (per allele odds ratio 1.05, 95 % confidence interval 1.03-1.08; p value = 1.4 × 10(-6)). The association did not differ significantly by ER status. On the gene level, in addition to TGFBR2 and CCND1, IL5 and GM-CSF showed the strongest associations with overall breast cancer risk (p value = 1.0 × 10(-3) and 7.0 × 10(-3), respectively). Furthermore, STAT3 and IL5 but not GM-CSF were differentially expressed between breast tumor tissue and normal tissue (p value = 2.5 × 10(-3), 4.5 × 10(-4) and 0.63, respectively). Our data provide evidence that the immunosuppression pathway genes STAT3, IL5, and GM-CSF may be novel susceptibility loci for breast cancer in women of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Lei
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen L Goode
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison M Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Valencia, Spain
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elinor J Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Environmental Epidemiology of Cancer, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- University Paris-Sud, Villejuif, France
| | - Stig E Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Hoda Anton-Culver
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Hermann Brenner
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Arndt
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alfons Meindl
- Division of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Rita K Schmutzler
- Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rainer Fagerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalia V Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laurien Van Dijck
- VIB Vesalius Research Center, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dieter Flesch-Janys
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Clinical Cancer Registry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Eilber
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Peterlongo
- IFOM, Fondazione Istituto FIRC (Italian Foundation of Cancer Research) di Oncologia Molecolare, Milan, Italy
| | - Fergus J Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Roger L Milne
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fredrick Schumacher
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Mark S Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Central Finland Hospital District, Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Mervi Grip
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Judith S Brand
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hatef Darabi
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Angela Cox
- Sheffield Cancer Research Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paul D P Pharoah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mitul Shah
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Michael Jones
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Samadi AK, Bilsland A, Georgakilas AG, Amedei A, Amin A, Bishayee A, Azmi AS, Lokeshwar BL, Grue B, Panis C, Boosani CS, Poudyal D, Stafforini DM, Bhakta D, Niccolai E, Guha G, Vasantha Rupasinghe HP, Fujii H, Honoki K, Mehta K, Aquilano K, Lowe L, Hofseth LJ, Ricciardiello L, Ciriolo MR, Singh N, Whelan RL, Chaturvedi R, Ashraf SS, Shantha Kumara HMC, Nowsheen S, Mohammed SI, Keith WN, Helferich WG, Yang X. A multi-targeted approach to suppress tumor-promoting inflammation. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S151-S184. [PMID: 25951989 PMCID: PMC4635070 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancers harbor significant genetic heterogeneity and patterns of relapse following many therapies are due to evolved resistance to treatment. While efforts have been made to combine targeted therapies, significant levels of toxicity have stymied efforts to effectively treat cancer with multi-drug combinations using currently approved therapeutics. We discuss the relationship between tumor-promoting inflammation and cancer as part of a larger effort to develop a broad-spectrum therapeutic approach aimed at a wide range of targets to address this heterogeneity. Specifically, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, cyclooxygenase-2, transcription factor nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor alpha, inducible nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase B, and CXC chemokines are reviewed as important antiinflammatory targets while curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, lycopene, and anthocyanins are reviewed as low-cost, low toxicity means by which these targets might all be reached simultaneously. Future translational work will need to assess the resulting synergies of rationally designed antiinflammatory mixtures (employing low-toxicity constituents), and then combine this with similar approaches targeting the most important pathways across the range of cancer hallmark phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Alexandros G Georgakilas
- Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematics and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin Health Sciences Institute, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State Univeristy, Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Bal L Lokeshwar
- Department of Urology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States; Miami Veterans Administration Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Brendan Grue
- Department of Environmental Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolina Panis
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Mediators, State University of West Paraná, UNIOESTE, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Deepak Poudyal
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Diana M Stafforini
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Kapil Mehta
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Leroy Lowe
- Getting to Know Cancer, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Lorne J Hofseth
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Luigi Ricciardiello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Neetu Singh
- Advanced Molecular Science Research Centre (Centre for Advanced Research), King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Richard L Whelan
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Rupesh Chaturvedi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - H M C Shantha Kumara
- Department of Surgery, St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Somaira Nowsheen
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Medical School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Xujuan Yang
- University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
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9
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Lei J, Rudolph A, Moysich KB, Rafiq S, Behrens S, Goode EL, Pharoah PPD, Seibold P, Fasching PA, Andrulis IL, Kristensen VN, Couch FJ, Hamann U, Hooning MJ, Nevanlinna H, Eilber U, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Wang Q, Lindblom A, Mannermaa A, Lambrechts D, García-Closas M, Hall P, Chenevix-Trench G, Shah M, Luben R, Haeberle L, Ekici AB, Beckmann MW, Knight JA, Glendon G, Tchatchou S, Alnæs GIG, Borresen-Dale AL, Nord S, Olson JE, Hallberg E, Vachon C, Torres D, Ulmer HU, Rüdiger T, Jager A, van Deurzen CHM, Tilanus-Linthorst MMA, Muranen TA, Aittomäki K, Blomqvist C, Margolin S, Kosma VM, Hartikainen JM, Kataja V, Hatse S, Wildiers H, Smeets A, Figueroa J, Chanock SJ, Lissowska J, Li J, Humphreys K, Phillips KA, Linn S, Cornelissen S, van den Broek SAJ, Kang D, Choi JY, Park SK, Yoo KY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Hou MF, Shen CY, Teo SH, Taib NAM, Yip CH, Ho GF, Matsuo K, Ito H, Iwata H, Tajima K, Dunning AM, Benitez J, Czene K, Sucheston LE, Maishman T, Tapper WJ, Eccles D, Easton DF, Schmidt MK, Chang-Claude J. Assessment of variation in immunosuppressive pathway genes reveals TGFBR2 to be associated with prognosis of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer after chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res 2015; 17:18. [PMID: 25849327 PMCID: PMC4374346 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor lymphocyte infiltration is associated with clinical response to chemotherapy in estrogen receptor (ER) negative breast cancer. To identify variants in immunosuppressive pathway genes associated with prognosis after adjuvant chemotherapy for ER-negative patients, we studied stage I-III invasive breast cancer patients of European ancestry, including 9,334 ER-positive (3,151 treated with chemotherapy) and 2,334 ER-negative patients (1,499 treated with chemotherapy). METHODS We pooled data from sixteen studies from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC), and employed two independent studies for replications. Overall 3,610 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 133 genes were genotyped as part of the Collaborative Oncological Gene-environment Study, in which phenotype and clinical data were collected and harmonized. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression was used to assess genetic associations with overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Heterogeneity according to chemotherapy or ER status was evaluated with the log-likelihood ratio test. RESULTS Three independent SNPs in TGFBR2 and IL12B were associated with OS (P <10⁻³) solely in ER-negative patients after chemotherapy (267 events). Poorer OS associated with TGFBR2 rs1367610 (G > C) (per allele hazard ratio (HR) 1.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22 to 1.95), P = 3.08 × 10⁻⁴) was not found in ER-negative patients without chemotherapy or ER-positive patients with chemotherapy (P for interaction <10-3). Two SNPs in IL12B (r² = 0.20) showed different associations with ER-negative disease after chemotherapy: rs2546892 (G > A) with poorer OS (HR 1.50 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.86), P = 1.81 × 10⁻⁴), and rs2853694 (A > C) with improved OS (HR 0.73 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.87), P = 3.67 × 10⁻⁴). Similar associations were observed with BCSS. Association with TGFBR2 rs1367610 but not IL12B variants replicated using BCAC Asian samples and the independent Prospective Study of Outcomes in Sporadic versus Hereditary Breast Cancer Study and yielded a combined HR of 1.57 ((95% CI 1.28 to 1.94), P = 2.05 × 10⁻⁵) without study heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS TGFBR2 variants may have prognostic and predictive value in ER-negative breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Our findings provide further insights into the development of immunotherapeutic targets for ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Lei
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Rudolph
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten B Moysich
- />Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Sajjad Rafiq
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Sabine Behrens
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellen L Goode
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Paul PD Pharoah
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Petra Seibold
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- />University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- />Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
| | - Irene L Andrulis
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Fergus J Couch
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- />Division of Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maartje J Hooning
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ursula Eilber
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manjeet K Bolla
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Qin Wang
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Annika Lindblom
- />Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- />Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Montserrat García-Closas
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
- />Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG UK
- />Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB UK
| | - Per Hall
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- />QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006 Australia
| | - Mitul Shah
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Robert Luben
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Lothar Haeberle
- />University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif B Ekici
- />Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias W Beckmann
- />University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia A Knight
- />Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X 5 Canada
- />Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada
| | - Gord Glendon
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Sandrine Tchatchou
- />Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Borresen-Dale
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Silje Nord
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Janet E Olson
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Emily Hallberg
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Diana Torres
- />Division of Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7, Bogotá, 11001000 Colombia
| | - Hans-Ulrich Ulmer
- />Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, D-7570 Baden-Baden, Germany
| | - Thomas Rüdiger
- />Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestrasse 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Agnes Jager
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien HM van Deurzen
- />Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Taru A Muranen
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- />Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sara Margolin
- />Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaana M Hartikainen
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vesa Kataja
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- />Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hans Wildiers
- />Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Smeets
- />Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jingmei Li
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- />Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
- />Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
| | - Keith Humphreys
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kelly-Anne Phillips
- />Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
- />Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, St Andrews Place East, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia
| | - kConFab Investigators
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
- />Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />University Breast Center Franconia, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen–Nuremberg, Universitätsstrasse 21-23, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- />Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095 USA
- />Ontario Cancer Genetics Network, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8 Canada
- />Department of Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Ullernchausseen 70, N-0310 Oslo, Norway
- />K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Kirkeveien 166, 0450 Oslo, Norway
- />Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Medical Division, Akershus University Hospital, Sykehusveien 25, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- />Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
- />Division of Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- />Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
- />School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oncology, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Biocenter Kuopio, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
- />Cancer Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Puijonlaaksontie 2, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- />Vesalius Research Center (VRC), VIB, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850 USA
- />Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5NG UK
- />Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW3 6JB UK
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- />QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, Queensland 4006 Australia
- />Institute of Human Genetics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schlossplatz 4, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- />Prosserman Centre for Health Research, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X 5 Canada
- />Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7 Canada
- />Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada
- />Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Carrera 7, Bogotá, 11001000 Colombia
- />Frauenklinik der Stadtklinik Baden-Baden, D-7570 Baden-Baden, Germany
- />Institute of Pathology, Städtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Moltkestrasse 90, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany
- />Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Groene Hilledijk 301, 3075EA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 8, FI-00029 Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, FI-00029 HUS Helsinki, Finland
- />Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-17177 Sweden
- />Jyväskylä Central Hospital, Keskussairaalantie 19, 40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
- />Multidisciplinary Breast Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- />Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Cancer Center and M Sklodowska-Curie Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
- />Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street 02-01, Singapore, 138672 Singapore
- />Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, MD3, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- />Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Level 1, 723 Swanston Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3010 Australia
- />Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, St Andrews Place East, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia
- />Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
- />Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
- />Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, No.100 , Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
- />College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
- />Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, 1 Jalan SS 12/1A, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- />Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- />Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesLembah Pantai, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
- />Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Aichi Japan
- />Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Aichi Japan
- />Epidemiology Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mie University Hospital, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507 Japan
- />Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- />Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sabine Linn
- />Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sten Cornelissen
- />Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daehee Kang
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Sue K Park
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
- />Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742 Korea
| | - Keun-Young Yoo
- />Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799 Korea
| | - Chia-Ni Hsiung
- />Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ei Wu
- />Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- />Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, No.100 , Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807 Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- />Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />Taiwan Biobank, Academia Sinica, Academia Road Nankang, Taipei, 115 Taiwan
- />College of Public Health, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 40402 Taiwan
| | - Soo Hwang Teo
- />Cancer Research Initiatives Foundation, Sime Darby Medical Centre, 1 Jalan SS 12/1A, Subang Jaya, 47500 Selangor Malaysia
- />Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aishah Mohd Taib
- />Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cheng Har Yip
- />Breast Cancer Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gwo Fuang Ho
- />Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 59100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- />Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesLembah Pantai, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582 Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- />Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Aichi Japan
| | - Hiroji Iwata
- />Department of Breast Oncology, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, 1-1 Kanokoden Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8681 Aichi Japan
| | - Kazuo Tajima
- />Epidemiology Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Mie University Hospital, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu City, Mie Prefecture 514-8507 Japan
| | - Alison M Dunning
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Javier Benitez
- />Human Genotyping Unit-Centro Nacional de Genotipado (CEGEN), Human Cancer Genetics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- />Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kamila Czene
- />Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Box 281, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lara E Sucheston
- />Department of Cancer Prevention and Control, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263 USA
| | - Tom Maishman
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - William J Tapper
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Diana Eccles
- />Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD UK
| | - Douglas F Easton
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
- />Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Worts Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN UK
| | - Marjanka K Schmidt
- />Division of Molecular Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- />Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Postbus 90203, 1006 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- />Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Lin K, Zou R, Lin F, Zheng S, Shen X, Xue X. Expression and effect of CXCL14 in colorectal carcinoma. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1561-8. [PMID: 24938992 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are important in the proliferation and metastasis of tumors. CXCL14 is a member of the CXCL chemokine family and exhibits various expression patterns in different types of tumor, even those tumors that occur in the same type of tissue. The expression of CXCL14 and its clinical significance in colorectal carcinoma are unclear. In the present study, the expression levels of CXCL14 in colorectal carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues were detected using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Kaplan‑Meier survival curves and the Cox regression model were applied to evaluate the clinical significance of the expression levels of CXCL14 in colorectal carcinoma compared with those in normal tissues. To investigate the effects at a cellular level, a replication‑defective lentivirus overexpressing CXCL14 was constructed and transfected into HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells. The effect of CXCL14 on the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells and the change in cell cycle distributions were investigated using a cell counting kit‑8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Results of the current study indicated that the expression levels of CXCL14 mRNA and protein in colorectal carcinoma were markedly reduced compared with levels in normal tissues (P<0.05). The clinical correlation analysis suggested that downregulation of CXCL14 expression in tumors was associated with lymph metastasis, tumor location, and clinicopathological stage (P<0.05). Kaplan‑Meier survival analysis revealed that downregulation of CXCL14 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis (P<0.01). Overexpression of CXCL14 by lentiviral transfection produced an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in the G1 stage. The data of the current study suggest that CXCL14 may be involved in the development and progression of colorectal carcinoma, and may act directly as a potential cancer suppressor gene. The level of CXCL14 expression may be a valuable adjuvant parameter in predicting the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma and may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kezhi Lin
- Experimental Teaching Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Ruanmin Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318020, P.R. China
| | - Xian Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Xiangyang Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
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11
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Ferran M, Romeu ER, Rincón C, Sagristà M, Giménez Arnau AM, Celada A, Pujol RM, Holló P, Jókai H, Santamaria-Babí LF. Circulating CLA+ T lymphocytes as peripheral cell biomarkers in T-cell-mediated skin diseases. Exp Dermatol 2014; 22:439-42. [PMID: 23800052 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocytes expressing the CLA antigen constitute a subset of effector memory lymphocytes that are functionally involved in T-cell-mediated cutaneous diseases. Skin-seeking lymphocytes recirculate between inflamed skin and blood during cutaneous inflammation. Many studies in different T-cell-mediated inflammatory cutaneous diseases have clearly related their pathologic mechanisms to CLA+ T cells. Based on common features of these cells in different cutaneous disorders mediated by T cells, we propose that circulating CLA+T cells could constitute very useful peripheral cellular biomarkers for T-cell-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ferran
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital del Mar, Research Group in Inflammatory Dermatologic Diseases, IMIM, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Abstract
This review provides an overview of chemokines and their receptors, with an emphasis on general features and nomenclature along with a short summary of their properties and functions. It is intended as an introduction to the subject and a reference point for those wishing to learn key facts about chemokines and their role in biology.
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13
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Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors have a multifaceted role in tumor biology and are implicated in nearly all aspects of cancer growth, survival and dissemination. Modulation of the interaction between chemokines and their cell surface receptor is, therefore, a promising area for the development of new cancer medicines. In this review, we look at the compelling evidence that is emerging to support targeting CXC chemokines, also known as family α chemokines, as novel therapeutic strategies in the treatment of cancer.
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14
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Musson REA, Mullenders LHF, Smit NPM. Effects of arsenite and UVA-1 radiation on calcineurin signaling. Mutat Res 2012; 735:32-38. [PMID: 22564430 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin is a Ca(2+)-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase and the target of the immunosuppressive drugs cyclosporin and tacrolimus, which are used in transplant recipients to prevent rejection. Unfortunately, the therapeutic use of this drugs is complicated by a high incidence of skin malignancy, which has set off a number of studies into the role of calcineurin signaling in skin, particularly with respect to cell cycle control and DNA repair. Both UVA1 radiation and arsenic species are known to promote skin cancer development via production of reactive oxygen species. In light of the well-documented sensitivity of calcineurin to oxidative stress, we examined and compared the effects of UVA1 and arsenite on calcineurin signaling. In this paper, we show that physiologically relevant doses of UVA1 radiation and low micromolar concentrations of arsenite strongly inhibit calcineurin phosphatase activity in Jurkat and skin cells and decrease NFAT nuclear translocation in Jurkat cells. The effects on calcineurin signaling could be partly prevented by inhibition of NADPH oxidase in Jurkat cells or increased dismutation of superoxide in Jurkat and skin cells. In addition, both UVA1 and arsenite decreased NF-κB activity, although at lower concentrations, arsenite enhanced NF-κB activity. These data indicate that UVA1 and arsenite affect a signal transduction route of growingly acknowledged importance in skin and that calcineurin may serve as a potential link between ROS exposure and impaired tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben E A Musson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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15
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Gene expression profiling of hybridoma cells after bursal-derived bioactive factor BP5 treatment. Amino Acids 2012; 43:2443-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-012-1323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Tissue-Specific Homing of Immune Cells in Malignant Skin Tumors. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:749-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-012-9529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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17
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Predominance of TH2 cells and plasma cells in polyoma virus nephropathy: a role for humoral immunity? Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1453-62. [PMID: 22406372 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR) and BK-virus nephropathy (BKVN) in renal transplant biopsies is notoriously difficult. Therefore, attempts were made to differentiate between the two by characterizing the immune cell infiltrate. Using immunohistochemistry, the distribution of immune cell (sub)populations such as CD4(+) T helper (TH), TH1, TH2, CD8(+) cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, B cells, plasma cells and follicular dendritic cells was determined in a total of 38 renal biopsy specimens. In addition, the expression of the HLA class I antigen presentation machinery (APM) components was investigated. In general, the frequency of T cells was higher than B cells, and TH cells outnumbered cytotoxic T cells with a predominance of TH2 over TH1 cells. In BKVN, a significantly higher number of plasma cells was observed (P = .028), and interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy was more pronounced in BKVN (P = .007) compared to TCMR. The expression of components of the HLA class I APM was not affected by the infection with BK virus compared to TCMR. These findings indicate a TH2 shift in renal transplants in the context of alloreactive and virus-induced inflammation maybe as a consequence of immunosuppression, which usually targets T cell reaction. The predominance of plasma cells might underline an important role of humoral immunity in BKVN. Moreover, BK virus does not seem to modulate the expression of HLA class I APM as a strategy of immune evasion.
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18
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Sarcoidal reactions in regional lymph nodes of patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer predict improved disease-free survival: a pilot case-control study. Hum Pathol 2011; 43:333-8. [PMID: 21835432 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2011.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 04/29/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcoidal reactions occurring in regional lymph nodes of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma appear to be limited to patients with stage I disease. The prognostic significance of this remains unknown. Such reactions are thought to represent a cell-mediated antitumor response and have been associated with improved outcomes in other solid organ malignancies. We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients undergoing lobectomy with curative intent for non-small cell lung carcinoma. Eligible cases were selected based on pathologic reports, with matched controls then drawn from the same surgical cohort. One hundred fifty-seven patients underwent lobectomy and lymph node dissection. Eight patients with sarcoidal granulomas present in regional lymph nodes were identified as cases and matched to 16 control subjects. All subjects were staged pN0. Disease recurrence was noted in no case subjects but in 7 (44%) of control subjects (P = .044, χ(2) = 4.051). The presence of sarcoidal reactions within regional lymph nodes of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma predicts a lower rate of disease recurrence after definitive surgical resection. The exact mechanism by which antitumor immunity is achieved remains to be elucidated.
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19
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Dotto GP. Calcineurin signaling as a negative determinant of keratinocyte cancer stem cell potential and carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2029-33. [PMID: 21406393 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Calcineurin is the only known serine-threonine phosphatase under calcium-calmodulin control and key regulator of the immune system. Treatment of patients with calcineurin-inhibitory drugs like cyclosporin A and FK506 to prevent graft rejection dramatically increases the risk of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, which is a major cause of death after organ transplants. Recent evidence indicates that suppression of calcineurin signaling, together with its impact on the immune system, exerts direct tumor-promoting effects in keratinocytes, enhancing cancer stem cell potential. The underlying mechanism involves interruption of a double negative regulatory axis, whereby calcineurin and nuclear factors of activated T-cell signaling inhibits expression of ATF3, a negative regulator of p53. The resulting suppression of keratinocyte cancer cell senescence is of likely clinical significance for the many patients under treatment with calcineurin inhibitors and may be of relevance for other cancer types in which altered calcium-calcineurin signaling plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Paolo Dotto
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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20
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Haas M, Büttner M, Rau TT, Fietkau R, Grabenbauer GG, Distel LV. Inflammation in gastric adenocarcinoma of the cardia: how do EBV infection, Her2 amplification and cancer progression influence tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes? Virchows Arch 2011; 458:403-11. [PMID: 21359545 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in gastric adenocarcinoma show a strong compartmentalization with high numbers of lymphocytes in the stroma and low intraepithelial lymphocyte counts. Our previous study has shown stromal regulatory T cells (Treg) to be associated with a beneficial outcome in intestinal type cancer of the cardia. We undertook the present study to further evaluate the immunogenic and inflammatory environment in intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinoma of the cardia. We assessed CXCR3 expression, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status, Her2/ERBB2 status and overexpression/amplification using tissue microarrays (immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization) of 52 patients. The data were correlated to different TIL subset counts (CD3, CD8, GranzymeB, FoxP3 and CD20) and to infiltrating histiocytes (CD68) both in the tumor and the surrounding stromal tissue that were reported earlier. Her2/ERBB2 overexpression/amplification showed no correlation to tumor stage. Moreover, for the first time, we show here that Her2/ERBB2 overexpression/amplification has no correlation to overall or subset-specific TIL infiltration. EBV infection was seen in four cases and showed a strong association with intratumoral CD8(+) T cell infiltration as well as a moderate correlation to stromal CD8(+) T cell accumulation. Intratumoral CD8(+) T cell infiltration was significantly correlated to intratumoral FoxP3(+) Treg infiltration, and to a lesser extent, to stromal FoxP3(+) Treg counts. Stromal CXCR3(+) T cell infiltration showed an inverse correlation to T category. This highlights the importance of stromal immune processes for cancer growth and suggests a subversion of Th1 immunoresponse in cancer progression and underlines the important role of inflammation for early carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Haas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Universitätsstr. 27, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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21
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Morphometric analysis of the balance between CXCR3+ T cells and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in lymphocyte-rich and conventional gastric cancers. Virchows Arch 2010; 456:615-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-010-0921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Pandruvada SNM, Yuvaraj S, Liu X, Sundaram K, Shanmugarajan S, Ries WL, Norris JS, London SD, Reddy SV. Role of CXC chemokine ligand 13 in oral squamous cell carcinoma associated osteolysis in athymic mice. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:2319-29. [PMID: 19816883 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) are malignant tumors with a potent activity of local bone invasion; however, the molecular mechanisms of tumor osteolysis are unclear. In this study, we identified high level expression of chemokine ligand, CXCL13 and RANK ligand (RANKL) in OSCC cells (SCC1, SCC12 and SCC14a). OSCC cell-conditioned media (20%) induced osteoclast differentiation which was inhibited by OPG in peripheral blood monocyte cultures indicating that OSCC cells produce soluble RANKL. Recombinant hCXCL13 (10 ng/ml) significantly enhanced RANKL-stimulated osteoclast differentiation in these cultures. Trans-well migration assay identified that CXCL13 induces chemotaxis of peripheral blood monocytes in vitro which was inhibited by addition of anti-CXCR5 receptor antibody. Zymogram analysis of conditioned media from OSCC cells revealed matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity. Interestingly, CXCL13 treatment to OSCC cells induced CXCR5 and MMP-9 expression suggesting an autocrine regulatory function in OSCC cells. To examine the OSCC tumor cell bone invasion/osteolysis, we established an in vivo model for OSCC by subcutaneous injection of OSCC cells onto the surface of calvaria in NCr-nu/nu athymic mice, which developed tumors in 4-5 weeks. muCT analysis revealed numerous osteolytic lesions in calvaria from OSCC tumor-bearing mice. Histochemical staining of calvarial sections from these mice revealed a significant increase in the numbers of TRAP-positive osteoclasts at the tumor-bone interface. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed CXCL13 and MMP-9 expression in tumor cells. Thus, our data implicate a functional role for CXCL13 in bone invasion and may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent osteolysis associated with OSCC tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanya N M Pandruvada
- Charles P. Darby Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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23
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Expression of tumour-suppressing chemokine BRAK/CXCL14 reduces cell migration rate of HSC-3 tongue carcinoma cells and stimulates attachment to collagen and formation of elongated focal adhesionsin vitro. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:513-22. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Izukuri K, Suzuki K, Yajima N, Ozawa S, Ito S, Kubota E, Hata RI. Chemokine CXCL14/BRAK transgenic mice suppress growth of carcinoma cell transplants. [corrected]. Transgenic Res 2010; 19:1109-17. [PMID: 20333465 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-010-9384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We reported previously that the forced expression of the chemokine BRAK, also called CXCL14 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells decreased the rate of tumor formation and size of tumor xenografts compared with mock-vector treated cells in athymic nude mice or in severe combined immunodeficiency mice. This suppression occurred even though the growth rates of these cells were the same under in vitro culture conditions, suggesting that a high expression level of the gene in tumor cells is important for the suppression of tumor establishment in vivo. The aim of this study was to determine whether CXCL14/BRAK transgenic mice show resistance to tumor cell xenografts or not. CXCL14/BRAK cDNA was introduced into male C57BL/6 J pronuclei, and 10 founder transgenic mice (Tg) were obtained. Two lines of mice expressed over 10 times higher CXCL14/BRAK protein levels (14 and 11 ng/ml plasma, respectively) than normal blood level (0.9 ng/ml plasma), without apparent abnormality. The sizes of Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma cell xenografts in Tg mice were significantly smaller than those in control wild-type mice, indicating that CXCL14/BRAK, first found as a suppressor of tumor progression of HNSCC, also suppresses the progression of a carcinoma of other tissue origin. Immunohistochemical studies showed that invasion of blood vessels into tumors was suppressed in tumor xenografts of CXCL14/BRAK Tg mice. These results indicate that CXCL14/BRAK suppressed tumor cell xenografts by functioning paracrine or endocrine fashion and that CXCL14/BRAK is a very promising molecular target for tumor suppression without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Izukuri
- Oral Health Science Research Center/Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kanagawa Dental College, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, 238-8580, Japan
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25
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Role of chemokine network in the development and progression of ovarian cancer: a potential novel pharmacological target. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2009; 2010:426956. [PMID: 20049170 PMCID: PMC2798669 DOI: 10.1155/2010/426956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most common type of gynecologic malignancy. Despite advances in surgery and chemotherapy, the survival rate is still low since most ovarian cancers relapse and become drug-resistant. Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides mainly involved in the immune responses. More recently, chemokines were also demonstrated to regulate extra-immunological functions. It was shown that the chemokine network plays crucial functions in the tumorigenesis in several tissues. In particular the imbalanced or aberrant expression of CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 strongly affects cancer cell proliferation, recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, neovascularization, and metastasization. In the last years, several molecules able to target CXCR4 or CXCL12 have been developed to interfere with tumor growth, including pharmacological inhibitors, antagonists, and specific antibodies. This chemokine ligand/receptor pair was also proposed to represent an innovative therapeutic target for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Thus, a thorough understanding of ovarian cancer biology, and how chemokines may control these different biological activities might lead to the development of more effective therapies. This paper will focus on the current biology of CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in the context of understanding their potential role in ovarian cancer development.
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Shim H, Oishi S, Fujii N. Chemokine receptor CXCR4 as a therapeutic target for neuroectodermal tumors. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:123-34. [PMID: 19084067 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines (chemotactic cytokines) are a family of proteins associated with the trafficking and activation of leukocytes and other cell types in immune surveillance and inflammatory response. Besides their roles in the immune system, they play pleiotropic roles in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Chemokines can be classified into four subfamilies of chemokines, CXC, CC, C, or CX3C, based on their number and spacing of conserved cysteine residues near the N-terminus. This CXC subfamily can be further subclassified into two groups, depending on the presence or absence of a tripeptide motif glutamic acid-leucine-arginine (ELR) in the N-terminal domain. ELR(-)CXCL12, which binds to CXCR4 has been frequently implicated in various cancers. Over the past several years, studies have increasingly shown that the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis plays critical roles in tumor progression, such as invasion, angiogenesis, survival, homing to metastatic sites. This review focuses on involvement of CXCR4/CXCL12 interaction in neuroectodermal cancers and their therapeutic potentials. As an attractive therapeutic target of CXCR4/CXCL12 axis for cancer chemotherapy, development history and application of CXCR4 antagonists are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsuk Shim
- Department of Radiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Meier R, Gross N. Chemokines in neuroectodermal tumors: and now for something completely different. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:67. [PMID: 19013528 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Somasundaram R, Herlyn D. Chemokines and the microenvironment in neuroectodermal tumor-host interaction. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:92-6. [PMID: 19049876 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2008] [Revised: 11/05/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and chemokine receptors play an important role in immune homeostasis and surveillance. Altered or defective expression of chemokines and/or chemokine receptors could lead to a disease state including autoimmune disorder or cancer. Tumors from glioblastoma, melanoma, and neuroblastoma secrete high levels of chemokines that can promote tumor growth and progression or induce stromal cells present in the tumor microenvironment to produce cytokines or chemokines which, in turn, can regulate angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. On the other hand, chemokines secreted by tumor or stromal cells can also attract leukocytes such as dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes which may downmodulate tumor growth. New therapies that are aimed at limiting tumor growth and progression by attracting immune effector cells to the tumor site with chemokines may hold the key to the successful treatment of cancer, although this approach may be hampered by possible tumor growth-stimulating effects of chemokines.
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Navarini-Meury AA, Conrad C. Melanoma and innate immunity--aActive inflammation or just erroneous attraction? Melanoma as the source of leukocyte-attracting chemokines. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:84-91. [PMID: 19038342 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Unwanted growth breeds response--in the garden as well as in the tumor microenvironment. Innate immune cells mediate the earliest responses against melanoma or its precursors. However, the actual benefit by those cellular efforts is questionable. Why can early melanoma lesions actually develop in the face of rapid innate responses, and why is neutrophil- and macrophage-attracting chemokine secretion observed in melanoma? A surprisingly similar choice of chemokine receptors and chemokines are present in both innate immune cells and melanoma. Here we focus on analogies and differences between the two. Melanoma cell clusters show active chemokine signalling, with mostly tumor growth-enhancing and leukocyte-attracting effects. However, infiltrating leukocytes have only weak tumoricidal effects. Therefore, the observed leukocyte infiltration in melanoma might be at least in part an epiphenomenon of neoplastic self-stimulation rather than a full-fledged innate anti-tumor immune response.
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Raffaghello L, Cocco C, Corrias MV, Airoldi I, Pistoia V. Chemokines in neuroectodermal tumour progression and metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:97-102. [PMID: 19013246 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 10/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors have emerged as pivotal regulators of tumour growth, progression, and metastasis. Here we review the current knowledge on chemokines and receptors likely involved in the development of metastasis of neuroectodermal tumours, with emphasis on neuroblastoma. In this respect, we discuss the controversial role of the CXCR4/CXCL12 axis in bone marrow localization of neuroblastoma cells. In addition, we focus on the ability of neuroblastoma-derived chemokines such as CCL2 and CX3CL1 to attract lymphoid cells to the tumour site. Finally, chemokine receptor and function in other neuroectodermal tumours of adulthood (i.e. melanoma and small cell lung cancer) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizzia Raffaghello
- Laboratory of Oncology, G. Gaslini Institute, Largo Gerolamo Gaslini 5, 16147 Genova, Italy
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Gross N, Meier R. Chemokines in neuroectodermal cancers: the crucial growth signal from the soil. Semin Cancer Biol 2008; 19:103-10. [PMID: 19015030 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although chemokines and their receptors were initially identified as regulators of cell trafficking during inflammation and immune response, they have emerged as crucial players in all stages of tumor development, primary growth, migration, angiogenesis, and establishment as metastases in distant target organs. Neuroectodermal tumors regroup neoplasms originating from the embryonic neural crest cells, which display clinical and biological similarities. These tumors are highly malignant and rapidly progressing diseases that disseminate to similar target organs such as bone marrow, bone, liver and lungs. There is increasing evidence that interaction of several chemokine receptors with corresponding chemokine ligands are implicated in the growth and invasive characteristics of these tumors. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the role of CXCL12 chemokine and its CXCR4 and CXCR7 receptors in the progression and survival of neuroectodermal tumors, with particular emphasis on neuroblastoma, the most typical and enigmatic neuroectodermal childhood tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gross
- Pediatric Oncology Research, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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