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Grondin M, Chabrol C, Averill-Bates DA. Mild heat shock at 40 °C increases levels of autophagy: Role of Nrf2. Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:567-588. [PMID: 38880164 PMCID: PMC11268186 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The exposure to low doses of stress induces an adaptive survival response that involves the upregulation of cellular defense systems such as heat shock proteins (Hsps), anti-apoptosis proteins, and antioxidants. Exposure of cells to elevated, non-lethal temperatures (39-41 °C) is an adaptive survival response known as thermotolerance, which protects cells against subsequent lethal stress such as heat shock (>41.5 °C). However, the initiating factors in this adaptive survival response are not understood. This study aims to determine whether autophagy can be activated by heat shock at 40 °C and if this response is mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2. Thermotolerant cells, which were developed during 3 h at 40 °C, were resistant to caspase activation at 42 °C. Autophagy was activated when cells were heated from 5 to 60 min at 40 °C. Levels of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) and autophagy proteins Beclin-1, LC3-II/LC3-I, Atg7, Atg5, Atg12-Atg5, and p62 were increased. When Nrf2 was overexpressed or depleted in cells, levels of AVOs and autophagy proteins were higher in unstressed cells, compared to the wild type. Stress induced by mild heat shock at 40 °C further increased levels of most autophagy proteins in cells with overexpression or depletion of Nrf2. Colocalization of p62 and Keap1 occurred. When Nrf2 levels are low, activation of autophagy would likely compensate as a defense mechanism to protect cells against stress. An improved understanding of autophagy in the context of cellular responses to physiological heat shock could be useful for cancer treatment by hyperthermia and the protective role of adaptive responses against environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Grondin
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Claire Chabrol
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Diana A Averill-Bates
- Département des Sciences Biologiques, Centre d'Excellence en Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines - Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Faculté des Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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2
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Liu Y, Chen L, Wang J, Bao X, Huang J, Qiu Y, Wang T, Yu H. Repurposing cyclovirobuxine D as a novel inhibitor of colorectal cancer progression via modulating the CCT3/YAP axis. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38992898 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks second in mortality worldwide and requires effective and affordable remedies. Cyclovirobuxine D (CVB-D) is the main effective component of Huangyangning tablet, an approved traditional patent medicine, which is mainly used for cardiovascular treatment. As a multibioactive natural compound, CVB-D possesses underlying anticancer activities. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Cell viability and clone-forming ability were determined in human CRC lines. Western blot, immunofluorescence assay, transmission electron microscopy and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) staining were utilized to investigate cell autophagy and senescence. The molecular mechanisms were explored by virtual prediction and experimental validation. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX), dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), and azomethane (AOM)/DSS mouse models were employed for in vivo studies. KEY RESULTS CVB-D inhibited the growth and development of advanced CRC cells / mice by inducing autophagic and senescent activities through the chaperonin containing TCP1 subunit 3 (CCT3)/yes-associated protein (YAP) axis. CVB-D acted as a promising inhibitor of CCT3 by interacting with its ATP site. In PDX tumours, CVB-D showed potential therapeutic effects by targeting CCT3. Treatment with CVB-D alleviated the mouse model of colitis induced by DSS and attenuated AOM/DSS-induced formation of adenomatous polyps by its action on CCT3. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our study has provided a scientific basis for the suggestion that CVB-D may be recognized as a prospective drug candidate for the therapy of CRC in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuling Qiu
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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3
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Liu N, Li Y, Luo G, Jiang M, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhang L. SIRT6 suppresses colon cancer growth by inducing apoptosis and autophagy through transcriptionally down-regulating Survivin. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101932. [PMID: 38986922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
SIRT6, an evolutionarily conserved histone deacetylase, has been identified as a novel direct downstream target of Akt/FoxO3a and a tumor suppressor in colon cancer in our previous research. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms through which SIRT6 hinders tumor development remain unclear. To ascertain whether SIRT6 directly impacts Survivin transcription, a ChIP assay was conducted using an anti-SIRT6 antibody to isolate DNA. YM155 was synthesized to explore Survivin's role in mitochondrial apoptosis, autophagy and tumor progression. Our investigation into the regulation of Survivin involved real-time fluorescence imaging in living cells, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, and xenograft mouse assays. In this current study, we delved into the role of SIRT6 in colon cancer and established that activated SIRT6 triggers mitochondrial apoptosis by reducing Survivin expression. Subsequent examinations revealed that SIRT6 directly binds to the Survivin promoter, impeding its transcription. Notably, direct inhibition of Survivin significantly impeded colon cancer proliferation by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis and autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. More interestingly, Survivin inhibition reactivated the Akt/FoxO3a pathway and elevated SIRT6 levels, establishing a positive feedback loop. Our results identify Survivin as a novel downstream transcriptional target of SIRT6 that fosters tumor growth and holds promise as a prospective target for colon cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guang Luo
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meimei Jiang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Respirology & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Health Management, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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4
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Li J, Han Y, Zhou M, Liu N, Li H, Huang G, Yu Z, Luo D, Zhang H, Zheng X, Liang F, Chen R. Electroacupuncture ameliorates AOM/DSS-induced mice colorectal cancer by inhibiting inflammation and promoting autophagy via the SIRT1/miR-215/Atg14 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:13194-13212. [PMID: 38006398 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common tumors of the digestive tract, with the third-highest incidence and the second-highest mortality rate among all malignant tumors worldwide. However, treatment options for CRC remain limited. As a complementary therapy, acupuncture or electro-acupuncture (EA) has been widely applied in the treatment of various inflammation-related diseases, such as obesity, ulcerative colitis and tumors. Although numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies have investigated the beneficial effects of acupuncture on CRC, the mechanism underlying the therapeutic action of EA is largely unknown. Evidence from previous studies has revealed that SIRT1 participates in CRC progression by activating autophagy-related miRNAs. Using azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium- (AOM/DSS-) induced colorectal cancer model in mice, we explored whether EA treatment can inhibit inflammation and promote autophagy via the SIRT1/miR-215/Atg14 axis. Our results showed that EA notably alleviated the CRC in mice, by decreasing the tumor number and DAI scores, inflammation, and increasing body weight of mice. Besides, EA increased the expression of SIRT1 and autophagy. Further experiments showed that SIRT1 overexpression downregulated miR-215, and promoted the expression of Atg14, whereas SIRT1 knockdown induced opposite results. In conclusion, EA can ameliorate AOM/DSS-induced CRC through regulating the SIRT1-mediated miR-215/Atg14 axis by suppressing inflammation and promoting autophagy in mice. These findings reveal a potential molecular mechanism underlying the anti-CRC effect of EA indicating that EA is a promising therapeutic candidate for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Ying Han
- Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minfeng Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Na Liu
- Rehabilitation Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Union Red Cross Hospital, Wuhan 430015, China
| | - Huarong Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Guichen Huang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
| | - Zhaomin Yu
- Department of Oncology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dan Luo
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haiming Zhang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiangyi Zheng
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fengxia Liang
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Orthopaedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, China
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5
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Zhang L, Luo L, Zheng Q, Wang W, Huang Z, Hu J, Chen Y. Emodin derivative E35 and its combination with autophagy inhibitor against acute myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2023; 432:113780. [PMID: 37742725 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy with poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. The discovery of more effective therapeutic strategies for AML plays a crucial role. The present work showed that E35, a novel derivative of emodin, significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced autophagy and apoptosis in AML cells. Treatment with E35 markedly induced Beclin-1, LC3-II, cleaved Caspase-9 and PARP, and suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. E35 exposure evoked autophagic activity prior to apoptosis induction, and autophagy inhibition by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) dramatically increased E35-induced apoptosis in both AML cell lines and patient-derived AML cells. Nevertheless, study on AML xenograft model showed that the combination E35 with 3-MA exhibited much more inhibitory effects on leukemia cell growth in vivo. No obvious adverse reactions occurred in the xenograft animals administered E35 alone or its cotreatment with 3-MA. These findings suggest that E35 could exert anti-leukemia effects, and that the combination of E35 and autophagy inhibitor might prove a more highly efficient strategy for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China; Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361011, China
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qiaoyun Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wenfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecule Synthesis and Function Discovery (Fujian Province University), College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zhongyang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jianda Hu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory on Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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6
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Yang H, Liu Y, Chen L, Zhao J, Guo M, Zhao X, Wen Z, He Z, Chen C, Xu L. MiRNA-Based Therapies for Lung Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges? Biomolecules 2023; 13:877. [PMID: 37371458 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, posing a serious health risk. Despite new advances in immune checkpoint and targeted therapies in recent years, the prognosis for lung cancer patients, especially those in advanced stages, remains poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate tumor development at multiple levels, and as such, miRNA mimics and molecules aimed at regulating miRNAs have shown promise in preclinical development. More importantly, miRNA-based therapies can also complement conventional chemoradiotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapies to reverse drug resistance and increase the sensitivity of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) and miRNA-based therapies have entered clinical trials and have shown favorable development prospects. Therefore, in this paper, we review recent advances in miRNA-based therapies in lung cancer treatment as well as adjuvant therapy and present the current state of clinical lung cancer treatment. We also discuss the challenges facing miRNA-based therapies in the clinical application of lung cancer treatment to provide new ideas for the development of novel lung cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Yufang Liu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Longqing Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Mengmeng Guo
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Zhenke Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Soochow University, Soochow 563000, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tissue Damage Repair and Regeneration Medicine of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Special Key Laboratory of Gene Detection and Therapy of Guizhou Province, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, China
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7
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Identification of Important Genes of Keratoconus and Construction of the Diagnostic Model. Genet Res (Camb) 2022; 2022:5878460. [PMID: 36160033 PMCID: PMC9484959 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5878460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the potential role of keratoconus (KC) in the diagnosis of keratoconus (KC). Methods. GSE151631 and GSE77938 were downloaded from the comprehensive gene expression database (GEO). By using the random forest model (RF), support vector machine model (SVM), and generalized linear model (GLM), important immune-related genes were identified as biomarkers for KC diagnosis. Results. Through the LASSO, RFE, and RF algorithms and comparing the three sets of DEGs, a total of 8 overlapping DEGs were obtained. We took 8 DEGs as the final optimal combination of DEGs: AREG, BBC3, DUSP2, map3k8, Smad7, CDKN1A, JUN, and LIF. Conclusion. Abnormal cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy defects are related to KC, which may be the etiology and potential target of KC.
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8
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Hua X, Xiang D, Guo M, Qian X, Chen R, Li T, Tian Z, Xu J, Huang C, Xie Q, Huang C. Induction of RAC1 protein translation and MKK7/JNK-dependent autophagy through dicer/miR-145/SOX2/miR-365a axis contributes to isorhapontigenin (ISO) inhibition of human bladder cancer invasion. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:753. [PMID: 36045117 PMCID: PMC9433410 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although our previous studies have identified that isorhapontigenin (ISO) is able to initiate autophagy in human bladder cancer (BC) cells by activating JNK/C-Jun/SESN2 axis and possesses an inhibitory effect on BC cell growth, association of autophagy directly with inhibition of BC invasion has never been explored. Also, upstream cascade responsible for ISO activating JNK remains unknown. Thus, we explored both important questions in the current study and discovered that ISO treatment initiated RAC1 protein translation, and its downstream kinase MKK7/JNK phosphorylation/activation, and in turn promoted autophagic responses in human BC cells. Inhibition of autophagy abolished ISO inhibition of BC invasion, revealing that autophagy inhibition was crucial for ISO inhibition of BC invasion. Consistently, knockout of RAC1 also attenuated induction of autophagy and inhibition of BC invasion by ISO treatment. Mechanistic studies showed that upregulation of RAC1 translation was due to ISO inhibition of miR-365a transcription, which reduced miR-365a binding to the 3'-UTR of RAC1 mRNA. Further study indicated that inhibition of miR-365a transcription was caused by downregulation of its transcription factor SOX2, while ISO-promoted Dicer protein translation increased miR-145 maturation, and consequently downregulating SOX2 expression. These findings not only provide a novel insight into the understanding association of autophagy induction with BC invasion inhibition by ISO, but also identify an upstream regulatory cascade, Dicer/miR145/SOX2/miR365a/RAC1, leading to MKK7/JNKs activation and autophagy induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Hua
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China ,grid.186775.a0000 0000 9490 772XDepartment of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032 China
| | - Daimin Xiang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127 China
| | - Mengxin Guo
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Xiaohui Qian
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Ruifan Chen
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Tengda Li
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Zhongxian Tian
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Jiheng Xu
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Chao Huang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Qipeng Xie
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- grid.268099.c0000 0001 0348 3990Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035 China
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9
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Demeter A, Jacomin AC, Gul L, Lister A, Lipscombe J, Invernizzi R, Branchu P, Macaulay I, Nezis IP, Kingsley RA, Korcsmaros T, Hautefort I. Computational prediction and experimental validation of Salmonella Typhimurium SopE-mediated fine-tuning of autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:834895. [PMID: 36061866 PMCID: PMC9428466 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.834895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy is a ubiquitous homeostasis and health-promoting recycling process of eukaryotic cells, targeting misfolded proteins, damaged organelles and intracellular infectious agents. Some intracellular pathogens such as Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium hijack this process during pathogenesis. Here we investigate potential protein-protein interactions between host transcription factors and secreted effector proteins of Salmonella and their effect on host gene transcription. A systems-level analysis identified Salmonella effector proteins that had the potential to affect core autophagy gene regulation. The effect of a SPI-1 effector protein, SopE, that was predicted to interact with regulatory proteins of the autophagy process, was investigated to validate our approach. We then confirmed experimentally that SopE can directly bind to SP1, a host transcription factor, which modulates the expression of the autophagy gene MAP1LC3B. We also revealed that SopE might have a double role in the modulation of autophagy: Following initial increase of MAP1LC3B transcription triggered by Salmonella infection, subsequent decrease in MAP1LC3B transcription at 6h post-infection was SopE-dependent. SopE also played a role in modulation of the autophagy flux machinery, in particular MAP1LC3B and p62 autophagy proteins, depending on the level of autophagy already taking place. Upon typical infection of epithelial cells, the autophagic flux is increased. However, when autophagy was chemically induced prior to infection, SopE dampened the autophagic flux. The same was also observed when most of the intracellular Salmonella cells were not associated with the SCV (strain lacking sifA) regardless of the autophagy induction status before infection. We demonstrated how regulatory network analysis can be used to better characterise the impact of pathogenic effector proteins, in this case, Salmonella. This study complements previous work in which we had demonstrated that specific pathogen effectors can affect the autophagy process through direct interaction with autophagy proteins. Here we show that effector proteins can also influence the upstream regulation of the process. Such interdisciplinary studies can increase our understanding of the infection process and point out targets important in intestinal epithelial cell defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Demeter
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Genetics, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Lejla Gul
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ashleigh Lister
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - James Lipscombe
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rachele Invernizzi
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Priscilla Branchu
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Macaulay
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis P. Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Robert A. Kingsley
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Tamas Korcsmaros,
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10
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Sun Y, Guan X, Zhang T, Li Y, Shi H, Chitakunye AT, Hong H, Zhang S, Zhu Q, Cai L. Regulation of the sensitivity of hepatocarcinoma cells by ORMDL3, to sorafenib by autophagy. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:159. [PMID: 35972600 PMCID: PMC9381447 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01767-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Serum orosomucoid1-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) is a membrane protein in the endoplasmic reticulum, known to regulate many important signal transduction processes and autophagy regulation, but it is unclear whether it is involved in the intratumoral microenvironment and cancer drug resistance. Our present study found that silencing ORMDL3 increases the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on the viability and proliferation in HCC cells, and increases the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib. In addition, silencing ORMDL3 can increase ROS levels by inhibiting autophagy, thereby increasing sorafenib-induced apoptosis of HCC cells. Further, our study also found that ORMDL3 silencing inhibits autophagy through the PERK-ATF4-Beclin1 pathway, thus affecting sorafenib sensitivity. The in vivo effects of sorafenib were tested by xenografting using nude mice. It showed that silencing ORMDL3 in HCC cells could increase the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on the growth of tumors. This is the first report to describe the relationships among ORMDL3, autophagy, and sorafenib resistance. This study provides available targets that might have a synergetic effect with sorafenib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xueran Guan
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huiling Shi
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ashleigh Tinotenda Chitakunye
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hanyu Hong
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shihui Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Biopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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11
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Fan F, Lei M. Mechanisms Underlying Curcumin-Induced Neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:893118. [PMID: 35559238 PMCID: PMC9090137 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and restoring the blood flow to ischemic brain tissues is currently the main therapeutic strategy. However, reperfusion after brain ischemia leads to excessive reactive oxygen species production, inflammatory cell recruitment, the release of inflammatory mediators, cell death, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and blood-brain barrier damage; these pathological mechanisms will further aggravate brain tissue injury, ultimately affecting the recovery of neurological functions. It has attracted the attention of researchers to develop drugs with multitarget intervention effects for individuals with cerebral ischemia. A large number of studies have established that curcumin plays a significant neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia via various mechanisms, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, protection of the blood-brain barrier, and restoration of mitochondrial function and structure, restoring cerebral circulation, reducing infarct volume, improving brain edema, promoting blood-brain barrier repair, and improving the neurological functions. Therefore, summarizing the results from the latest literature and identifying the potential mechanisms of action of curcumin in cerebral ischemia will serve as a basis and guidance for the clinical applications of curcumin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fan
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Third People’s Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
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12
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Wei H, Peng Z, Guo J, Chen L, Shao K. Downregulation of miR-338-3p alleviates neuronal ischemic injury by decreasing cPKCγ-Mediated autophagy through the Akt/mTOR pathway. Neurochem Int 2022; 154:105279. [PMID: 35021067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability in aging populations. Dysregulation of microRNA is associated with the pathophysiology of ischemic brain injury. Previously, we found that miR-338-3p was prominently downregulated in OGD-treated neurons, which indicates that miR-338-3P potentially plays an important role in ischemic injury. Furthermore, we performed a bioinformatic analysis and found that conventional protein kinase cγ (cPKCγ), an important autophagy regulator, is a potential target of miR-338-3p, and it is upregulated in neurons after ischemic injury. Therefore, we speculated that miR-338-3P may play a role in neuronal autophagy associated with ischemic brain injury by regulating cPKCγ levels. In the present study, oxygen glucose deprivation was used to test this hypothesis. Our results show that miR-338-3p expression is prominently downregulated after OGD. Additionally, miR-338-3p knockdown attenuated ischemic injury and simultaneously reduced the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II/LC3-I ratio, which contributes to neuronal survival after ischemia. Moreover, the cPKCγ protein level increased, and miR-338-3p recognized the 3'-untranslated region of the cPKCγ messenger RNA (mRNA) and negatively regulated the cPKCγ protein level by promoting the degradation of its mRNA. In addition, Lv-cPKCγ blocked the pri-miR-338-3p-induced decrease of the Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation levels, as well as the accompanying increase of the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, thereby alleviating ischemic injury. This suggests that miR-338-3p downregulation following ischemic injury alleviates neuronal injury by targeting cPKCγ, thereby activating the Akt/mTOR signaling cascade and decreasing downstream autophagy. These results provide a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Wei
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China.
| | - Zhifeng Peng
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, PR China
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
| | - Kangmei Shao
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, PR China
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13
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Autophagy: A Novel Horizon for Hair Cell Protection. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:5511010. [PMID: 34306061 PMCID: PMC8263289 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As a general sensory disorder, hearing loss was a major concern worldwide. Autophagy is a common cellular reaction to stress that degrades cytoplasmic waste through the lysosome pathway. Autophagy not only plays major roles in maintaining intracellular homeostasis but is also involved in the development and pathogenesis of many diseases. In the auditory system, several studies revealed the link between autophagy and hearing protection. In this review, we aimed to establish the correlation between autophagy and hair cells (HCs) from the aspects of ototoxic drugs, aging, and acoustic trauma and discussed whether autophagy could serve as a potential measure in the protection of HCs.
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14
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Treveil A, Sudhakar P, Matthews ZJ, Wrzesiński T, Jones EJ, Brooks J, Ölbei M, Hautefort I, Hall LJ, Carding SR, Mayer U, Powell PP, Wileman T, Di Palma F, Haerty W, Korcsmáros T. Regulatory network analysis of Paneth cell and goblet cell enriched gut organoids using transcriptomics approaches. Mol Omics 2021; 16:39-58. [PMID: 31819932 DOI: 10.1039/c9mo00130a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the small intestine consists of multiple cell types, including Paneth cells and goblet cells, that work in cohort to maintain gut health. 3D in vitro cultures of human primary epithelial cells, called organoids, have become a key model to study the functions of Paneth cells and goblet cells in normal and diseased conditions. Advances in these models include the ability to skew differentiation to particular lineages, providing a useful tool to study cell type specific function/dysfunction in the context of the epithelium. Here, we use comprehensive profiling of mRNA, microRNA and long non-coding RNA expression to confirm that Paneth cell and goblet cell enrichment of murine small intestinal organoids (enteroids) establishes a physiologically accurate model. We employ network analysis to infer the regulatory landscape altered by skewing differentiation, and using knowledge of cell type specific markers, we predict key regulators of cell type specific functions: Cebpa, Jun, Nr1d1 and Rxra specific to Paneth cells, Gfi1b and Myc specific for goblet cells and Ets1, Nr3c1 and Vdr shared between them. Links identified between these regulators and cellular phenotypes of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggest that global regulatory rewiring during or after differentiation of Paneth cells and goblet cells could contribute to IBD aetiology. Future application of cell type enriched enteroids combined with the presented computational workflow can be used to disentangle multifactorial mechanisms of these cell types and propose regulators whose pharmacological targeting could be advantageous in treating IBD patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Treveil
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UZ, UK.
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15
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Wang N, Muhetaer G, Zhang X, Yang B, Wang C, Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang S, Zheng Y, Zhang F, Wang Z. Sanguisorba officinalis L. Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Metastasis by Inhibiting Late-Phase Autophagy via Hif-1α/Caveolin-1 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:591400. [PMID: 33381039 PMCID: PMC7768086 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.591400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguisorba officinalis L. (SA) is a common herb for cancer treatment in the clinic, particularly during the consolidation phase to prevent occurrence or metastasis. Nevertheless, there are limited studies reporting the molecular mechanisms about its anti-metastatic function. It is well demonstrated that autophagy is one of the critical mechanisms accounting for metastasis and anti-cancer pharmacological actions of Chinese herbs. On the threshold, the regulatory effects and molecular mechanisms of SA in suppressing autophagy-related breast cancer metastasis were investigated in this study. In vitro findings demonstrated that SA potently suppressed the proliferation, colony formations well as metastasis process in triple-negative breast cancer. Network and biological analyses predicted that SA mainly targeted caveolin-1 (Cav-1) to induce anti-metastatic effects, and one of the core mechanisms was via regulation of autophagy. Further experiments—including western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, GFP-mRFP-LC3 immunofluorescence, and lysosomal-activity detection—validated SA as a potent late-stage autophagic inhibitor by increasing microtubule-associated light chain 3-II (LC3-II) conversion, decreasing acidic vesicular-organelle formation, and inducing lysosomal dysfunction even under conditions of either starvation or hypoxia. Furthermore, the anti-autophagic and anti-metastatic activity of SA was Cav-1-dependent. Specifically, Cav-1 knockdown significantly facilitated SA-mediated inhibition of autophagy and metastasis. Furthermore, hypoxia inducible factor-1α (Hif-1α) overexpression attenuated the SA-induced inhibitory activities on Cav-1, autophagy, and metastasis, indicating that SA may have inhibited autophagy-related metastasis via Hif-1α/Cav-1 signaling. In both mouse breast cancer xenograft and zebrafish xenotransplantation models, SA inhibited breast cancer growth and inhibited late-phase autophagy in vivo, which was accompanied by suppression of Hif-1α/Cav-1 signaling and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Overall, our findings not only indicate that SA acts as a novel late-phase autophagic inhibitor with anti-metastatic activities in triple-negative breast cancer, but also highlight Cav-1 as a regulator in controlling late-phase autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Gulizeba Muhetaer
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowen Yang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.,Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Caiwei Wang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Juping Zhang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengqi Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Yifeng Zheng
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- The Research Center for Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Integrative Research Laboratory of Breast Cancer, The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong, China
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16
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Shen F, Ge C, Yuan P. Aloe-emodin induces autophagy and apoptotic cell death in non-small cell lung cancer cells via Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 886:173550. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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17
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Chen J, Wen B, Wang Y, Wu S, Zhang X, Gu Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhang W, Yong J. Jervine exhibits anticancer effects on nasopharyngeal carcinoma through promoting autophagic apoptosis via the blockage of Hedgehog signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110898. [PMID: 33113432 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor originating from the superior mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx. However, effective therapies for NPC are still required. Reducing Hedgehog signaling pathway has been shown to suppress tumor growth. In this study, we attempted to explore whether Jervine (JV), an inhibitor of Hedgehog signaling, had anti-cancer effects on NPC, and the underlying mechanisms. Our findings showed that JV treatments markedly reduced the proliferation of NPC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase was significantly enhanced by JV, along with evident DNA damage. Moreover, JV treatment effectively induced apoptosis in NPC cells through improving Caspase-3 activation. Furthermore, ROS production and mitochondrial impairments were detected in JV-incubated NPC cells with elevated releases of Cyto-c from mitochondria. JV also dramatically triggered autophagy through blocking AKT/mTOR and increasing AMPK signaling pathways. Intriguingly, we showed that JV-induced apoptosis was mainly via an autophagy-dependent manner. In addition, the expression levels of SHH, PTCH1, SMO and GLI1 were markedly suppressed in NPC cells, demonstrating the hindered Hedgehog signaling. Importantly, we found that JV-induced apoptosis and autophagy were closely associated with the blockage of Hedgehog signaling. Our in vivo studies confirmed the anti-cancer effects of JV on NPC through inducing autophagy, as evidenced by the markedly reduced tumor growth rate and weight without side effects and toxicity. Taken together, JV may be a promising and effective agent for human NPC treatment through repressing Hedgehog signaling pathway and inducing autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Bin Wen
- Department of Oncology, Jingjiang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Sheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Xuesong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Yonggui Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, East Theater General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Jianjiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu, 214500, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, East Theater General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Ji Yong
- Department of Otolaryngology, East Theater General Hospital of PLA, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
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18
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Bai C, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Zhang HY, Chen Y, Tang Y. Repurposing Ziyuglycoside II Against Colorectal Cancer via Orchestrating Apoptosis and Autophagy. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:576547. [PMID: 33071789 PMCID: PMC7533566 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.576547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Effective chemotherapy drugs for colorectal cancer remain a challenge. In this research, Ziyuglycoside II (Ziyu II), exhibits considerable antitumor activity against CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that Ziyu II induced apoptosis through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which was necessary for Ziyu II to inhibit colorectal cancer cells. Intriguingly, The treatment of Ziyu II triggered complete autophagic flux in CRC cells. Inhibition of autophagy partially reversed Ziyu II-induced growth inhibition, demonstrating a cytotoxic role of autophagy in response to Ziyu II-treated. Mechanism indicated that Ziyu II-induced autophagy by inhibiting Akt/mTOR pathway. Akt reactivation partially reduced Ziyu II-induced LC3-II turnover and LC3 puncta accumulation. Especially, Ziyu II improves the sensitivity of 5-fluorouracil which is the first-line chemotherapy drug in colorectal cancer cells. This research provides novel insight into the molecular mechanism of Ziyu II’s anti-proliferation, including apoptosis and autophagy, and lays a foundation for the potential application of Ziyu II in clinical CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Bai
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases and Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Tang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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19
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Demeter A, Romero-Mulero MC, Csabai L, Ölbei M, Sudhakar P, Haerty W, Korcsmáros T. ULK1 and ULK2 are less redundant than previously thought: computational analysis uncovers distinct regulation and functions of these autophagy induction proteins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10940. [PMID: 32616830 PMCID: PMC7331686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy, the degradation of cytoplasmic content by lysosomal fusion, is an evolutionary conserved process promoting homeostasis and intracellular defence. Macroautophagy is initiated primarily by a complex containing ULK1 or ULK2 (two paralogs of the yeast Atg1 protein). To understand the differences between ULK1 and ULK2, we compared the human ULK1 and ULK2 proteins and their regulation. Despite the similarity in their enzymatic domain, we found that ULK1 and ULK2 have major differences in their autophagy-related interactors and their post-translational and transcriptional regulators. We identified 18 ULK1-specific and 7 ULK2-specific protein motifs serving as different interaction interfaces. We found that interactors of ULK1 and ULK2 all have different tissue-specific expressions partially contributing to diverse and ULK-specific interaction networks in various tissues. We identified three ULK1-specific and one ULK2-specific transcription factor binding sites, and eight sites shared by the regulatory region of both genes. Importantly, we found that both their post-translational and transcriptional regulators are involved in distinct biological processes-suggesting separate functions for ULK1 and ULK2. Unravelling differences between ULK1 and ULK2 could lead to a better understanding of how ULK-type specific dysregulation affects autophagy and other cellular processes that have been implicated in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Demeter
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Mari Carmen Romero-Mulero
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
- Faculty of Biology, University of Seville, 41012, Seville, Spain
| | - Luca Csabai
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
- Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - Márton Ölbei
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UZ, UK.
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK.
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20
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El-Shafey ES, Elsherbiny ES. Dual Opposed Survival-supporting and Death-promoting Roles of Autophagy in Cancer Cells: A Concise Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/2212796813666191111142824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a well-maintained process by which the cells recycle intracellular
materials to maintain homeostasis in various cellular functions. However, autophagy is a defensive
mechanism that maintains cell survival under antagonistic conditions, the induction
of the autophagic process may substantially lead to cell death. The conflicting roles of autophagy
including allowing cell survival or promoting cell death could have a troublesome impact
on the efficiency of chemotherapeutic agents. Accordingly, understanding the role of
autophagy in cancer is a vital need for its optimal manipulation in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman S. El-Shafey
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Eslam S. Elsherbiny
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, Egypt
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21
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Andrighetti T, Bohar B, Lemke N, Sudhakar P, Korcsmaros T. MicrobioLink: An Integrated Computational Pipeline to Infer Functional Effects of Microbiome-Host Interactions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051278. [PMID: 32455748 PMCID: PMC7291277 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbiome–host interactions play significant roles in health and in various diseases including autoimmune disorders. Uncovering these inter-kingdom cross-talks propels our understanding of disease pathogenesis and provides useful leads on potential therapeutic targets. Despite the biological significance of microbe–host interactions, there is a big gap in understanding the downstream effects of these interactions on host processes. Computational methods are expected to fill this gap by generating, integrating, and prioritizing predictions—as experimental detection remains challenging due to feasibility issues. Here, we present MicrobioLink, a computational pipeline to integrate predicted interactions between microbial and host proteins together with host molecular networks. Using the concept of network diffusion, MicrobioLink can analyse how microbial proteins in a certain context are influencing cellular processes by modulating gene or protein expression. We demonstrated the applicability of the pipeline using a case study. We used gut metaproteomic data from Crohn’s disease patients and healthy controls to uncover the mechanisms by which the microbial proteins can modulate host genes which belong to biological processes implicated in disease pathogenesis. MicrobioLink, which is agnostic of the microbial protein sources (bacterial, viral, etc.), is freely available on GitHub.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahila Andrighetti
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK; (T.A.); (B.B.)
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Balazs Bohar
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK; (T.A.); (B.B.)
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 1117, Hungary
| | - Ney Lemke
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil;
| | - Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK; (T.A.); (B.B.)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven BE-3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (P.S.)
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK; (T.A.); (B.B.)
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
- Correspondence: (T.K.); (P.S.)
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22
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Gao C, Sun X, Wu Z, Yuan H, Han H, Huang H, Shu Y, Xu M, Gao R, Li S, Zhang J, Tian J. A Novel Benzofuran Derivative Moracin N Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis Through ROS Generation in Lung Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:391. [PMID: 32477104 PMCID: PMC7235196 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The leaves of Morus alba L is a traditional Chinese medicine widely applied in lung diseases. Moracin N (MAN), a secondary metabolite extracted form the leaves of Morus alba L, is a potent anticancer agent. But its molecular mechanism remains unveiled. Objective In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of MAN on human lung cancer and reveal the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods MTT assay was conducted to measure cell viability. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining was used to detect cell apoptosis. Confocal microscope was performed to determine the formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes. Flow cytometry was performed to quantify cell death. Western blotting was used to determine the related-signaling pathway. Results In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that MAN inhibitd cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells. We found that MAN treatment dysregulated mitochondrial function and led to mitochondrial apoptosis in A549 and PC9 cells. Meanwhile, MAN enhanced autophagy flux by the increase of autophagosome formation, the fusion of autophagsomes and lysosomes and lysosomal function. Moreover, mTOR signaling pathway, a classical pathway regualting autophagy, was inhibited by MAN in a time- and dose-dependent mannner, resulting in autophagy induction. Interestingly, autophagy inhibition by CQ or Atg5 knockdown attenuated cell apoptosis by MAN, indicating that autophagy serves as cell death. Furthermore, autophagy-mediated cell death by MAN can be blocked by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger NAC, indicating that ROS accumulation is the inducing factor of apoptosis and autophagy. In summary, we revealed the molecular mechanism of MAN against lung cancer through apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that MAN might be a novel therapeutic agent for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individual Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individual Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhipan Wu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huahua Yuan
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haote Han
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- School of Biosciences & Biopharmaceutics and Center for Bioresources & Drug Discovery, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Shu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Xu
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruilan Gao
- Institution of Hematology Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shouxin Li
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individual Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Cytotoxic Property of Grias neuberthii Extract on Human Colon Cancer Cells: A Crucial Role of Autophagy. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1565306. [PMID: 32328120 PMCID: PMC7152961 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1565306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Traditional herbal medicine has become an important alternative in the treatment of various cancer types, including colon cancer, which represents one of the main health problems around the world. Therefore, the search for new therapies to counteract this disease is very active. Grias neuberthii is an endemic plant located in the Ecuadorian Amazon region, which has been used in traditional medicine for its pharmacological properties, including its ability to inhibit tumor cell growth, although scientific studies are limited. We have analyzed the effect of this plant on two colon carcinoma cell lines, that is, RKO (normal p53) and SW613-B3 (mutated p53) cells. Among several extracts obtained from various parts of G. neuberthii plant, we identified the extract with the greatest cytotoxic potential, derived from the stem bark. The cytotoxic effect was similar on both cell lines, thus indicating that it is independent of the status of p53. However, significant differences were observed after the analysis of colony formation, with RKO cells being more sensitive than SW613-B3. No evidence for apoptotic markers was recorded; nevertheless, both cell lines showed signs of autophagy after the treatment, including increased Beclin-1 and LC3-II and decreased p62. Finally, three chemical compounds, possibly responsible for the effect observed in both cell lines, were identified: lupeol (1), 3′-O-methyl ellagic acid 4-O-β-D-rhamnopyranoside (2), and 19-α-hydroxy-asiatic acid monoglucoside (3).
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24
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Wang F, Wu H, Fan M, Yu R, Zhang Y, Liu J, Zhou X, Cai Y, Huang S, Hu Z, Jin X. Sodium butyrate inhibits migration and induces AMPK-mTOR pathway-dependent autophagy and ROS-mediated apoptosis via the miR-139-5p/Bmi-1 axis in human bladder cancer cells. FASEB J 2020; 34:4266-4282. [PMID: 31957111 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902626r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is one of the most frequently occurring malignant tumors in the urinary system. Sodium butyrate (NaB) is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and exerts remarkable antitumor effects in various cancer cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and autophagy play crucial roles in cancer occurrence and development. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer effects, including cell migration inhibition and the apoptotic effects of NaB in human bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that NaB inhibited migration and induced AMPK/mTOR pathway-activated autophagy and reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction via the miR-139-5p/Bmi-1 axis. In addition, we found that ROS overproduction contributed to NaB-induced caspase-dependent apoptosis and autophagy. The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in NaB treatment was clarified. Our findings provide a further understanding of EMT reversion, apoptosis and autophagy induced by antitumor drugs and a novel perspective and alternative strategy for bladder cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hongshen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Mengjing Fan
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Rikao Yu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuejian Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yueshu Cai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shihan Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhenghui Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P.R. China
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25
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Ngoc LTN, Lee Y, Chun HS, Moon JY, Choi JS, Park D, Lee YC. Correlation of α/γ-Fe 2O 3 nanoparticles with the toxicity of particulate matter originating from subway tunnels in Seoul stations, Korea. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 382:121175. [PMID: 31561194 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
According to the increasing concern about particulate matter (PM) pollution at subway systems, particularly its potentially severe effects on human health, this study investigated the constituents, characteristics, and toxicity of PM collected at underground subway stations in Seoul, Korea. It was found that α/γ-Fe2O3 NPs, which are considered as thermal products derived from the brake-wheel-rail interface, were the main components of PM (57.6% and 48% of PM10 and PM2.5, respectively). In addition, hydrothermally synthesized α/γ-Fe2O3 NPs, proposing to possess similar properties to those of Fe2O3 contained in PM, were used to investigate the correlation of these oxides with PM toxicity. In particular, the synthesized γ-Fe2O3 NPs induced a negligibly toxic, while the synthesized α-Fe2O3 NPs and PM showed remarkably toxic effects on HeLa cells and zebrafish embryos, specifically in reducing cell proliferation to 85% and 72% survival, causing high apoptosis of 29.8% and 29.3%, and inhibiting the development of embryos up to 60% and 8% after prolonged exposure, respectively. It is considered that α-Fe2O3 NPs were primarily responsible for the harmful effects of PM, resulting in significant damage to DNA due to their capacity of producing high reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, thus, deleterious effects on the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Nhu Ngoc
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongil Lee
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Suk Chun
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Moon
- Department of Beauty Design Management, Hansung University, 116 Samseongyoro-16gil, Seoul, 02876, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Choi
- Analysis Center for Research Advancement, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Korea Railroad Research Institute (KRRI), 176 Cheoldobakmulkwan-ro, Uiwang-si, 16105, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Chen W, Wang Q, Xu X, Saxton B, Tessema M, Leng S, Choksi S, Belinsky SA, Liu ZG, Lin Y. Vasorin/ATIA Promotes Cigarette Smoke-Induced Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Suppressing Autophagy-Mediated Apoptosis. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:32-41. [PMID: 31760267 PMCID: PMC6883318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escaping cell death pathways is an important event during carcinogenesis. We previously identified anti-TNFα-induced apoptosis (ATIA, also known as vasorin) as an antiapoptotic factor that suppresses reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, the role of vasorin in lung carcinogenesis has not been investigated. METHODS Vasorin expression was examined in human lung cancer tissues with immunohistochemistry and database analysis. Genetic and pharmacological approaches were used to manipulate protein expression and autophagy activity in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). ROS generation was measured with fluorescent indicator, apoptosis with release of lactate dehydrogenase, and cell transformation was assessed with colony formation in soft agar. RESULTS Vasorin expression was increased in human lung cancer tissues and cell lines, which was inversely associated with lung cancer patient survival. Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE)-induced vasorin expression in HBECs. Vasorin knockdown in HBECs significantly suppressed CSE-induced transformation in association with enhanced ROS accumulation and autophagy. Scavenging ROS attenuated autophagy and cytotoxicity in vasorin knockdown cells, suggesting that vasorin potentiates transformation by impeding ROS-mediated CSE cytotoxicity and improving survival of the premalignant cells. Suppression of autophagy effectively inhibited CSE-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy was pro-apoptotic in CSE-treated cells. Importantly, blocking autophagy strongly potentiated CSE-induced transformation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that vasorin is a potential lung cancer-promoting factor that facilitates cigarette smoke-induced bronchial epithelial cell transformation by suppressing autophagy-mediated apoptosis, which could be exploited for lung cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu Chen
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Xiuling Xu
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Bryanna Saxton
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Mathewos Tessema
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Shuguang Leng
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Swati Choksi
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA
| | - Zheng-Gang Liu
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Dr., Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest DR. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA.
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27
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Molecular Determinants of Cancer Therapy Resistance to HDAC Inhibitor-Induced Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010109. [PMID: 31906235 PMCID: PMC7016854 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylation inhibitors (HDACi) offer high potential for future cancer therapy as they can re-establish the expression of epigenetically silenced cell death programs. HDACi-induced autophagy offers the possibility to counteract the frequently present apoptosis-resistance as well as stress conditions of cancer cells. Opposed to the function of apoptosis and necrosis however, autophagy activated in cancer cells can engage in a tumor-suppressive or tumor-promoting manner depending on mostly unclarified factors. As a physiological adaption to apoptosis resistance in early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy seems to resume a tumorsuppressive role that confines tumor necrosis and inflammation or even induces cell death in malignant cells. During later stages of tumor development, chemotherapeutic drug-induced autophagy seems to be reprogrammed by the cancer cell to prevent its elimination and support tumor progression. Consistently, HDACi-mediated activation of autophagy seems to exert a protective function that prevents the induction of apoptotic or necrotic cell death in cancer cells. Thus, resistance to HDACi-induced cell death is often encountered in various types of cancer as well. The current review highlights the different mechanisms of HDACi-elicited autophagy and corresponding possible molecular determinants of therapeutic resistance in cancer.
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28
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Khan T, Relitti N, Brindisi M, Magnano S, Zisterer D, Gemma S, Butini S, Campiani G. Autophagy modulators for the treatment of oral and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:1002-1060. [PMID: 31742748 DOI: 10.1002/med.21646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) exhibit a survival rate of less than 60% and 40%, respectively. Late-stage diagnosis and lack of effective treatment strategies make both OSCC and ESCC a significant health burden. Autophagy, a lysosome-dependent catabolic process, involves the degradation of intracellular components to maintain cell homeostasis. Targeting autophagy has been highlighted as a feasible therapeutic strategy with clinical utility in cancer treatment, although its associated regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. The detection of relevant biomarkers in biological fluids has been anticipated to facilitate early diagnosis and/or prognosis for these tumors. In this context, recent studies have indicated the presence of specific proteins and small RNAs, detectable in circulating plasma and serum, as biomarkers. Interestingly, the interplay between biomarkers (eg, exosomal microRNAs) and autophagic processes could be exploited in the quest for targeted and more effective therapies for OSCC and ESCC. In this review, we give an overview of the available biomarkers and innovative targeted therapeutic strategies, including the application of autophagy modulators in OSCC and ESCC. Additionally, we provide a viewpoint on the state of the art and on future therapeutic perspectives combining the early detection of relevant biomarkers with drug discovery for the treatment of OSCC and ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhina Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Relitti
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Margherita Brindisi
- Department of Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Napoli Federico IL, Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefania Magnano
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Daniela Zisterer
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160, Pearse Street, Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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29
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Holczer M, Hajdú B, Lőrincz T, Szarka A, Bánhegyi G, Kapuy O. A Double Negative Feedback Loop between mTORC1 and AMPK Kinases Guarantees Precise Autophagy Induction upon Cellular Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225543. [PMID: 31703252 PMCID: PMC6888297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is controlled by an evolutionary conserved cellular digestive process called autophagy. This mechanism is tightly regulated by the two sensor elements called mTORC1 and AMPK. mTORC1 is one of the master regulators of proteostasis, while AMPK maintains cellular energy homeostasis. AMPK is able to promote autophagy by phosphorylating ULK1, the key inducer of autophagosome formation, while mTORC1 downregulates the self-eating process via ULK1 under nutrient rich conditions. We claim that the feedback loops of the AMPK–mTORC1–ULK1 regulatory triangle guarantee the appropriate response mechanism when nutrient and/or energy supply changes. In our opinion, there is an essential double negative feedback loop between mTORC1 and AMPK. Namely, not only does AMPK downregulate mTORC1, but mTORC1 also inhibits AMPK and this inhibition is required to keep AMPK inactive at physiological conditions. The aim of the present study was to explore the dynamical characteristic of AMPK regulation upon various cellular stress events. We approached our scientific analysis from a systems biology perspective by incorporating both theoretical and molecular biological techniques. In this study, we confirmed that AMPK is essential to promote autophagy, but is not sufficient to maintain it. AMPK activation is followed by ULK1 induction, where protein has a key role in keeping autophagy active. ULK1-controlled autophagy is always preceded by AMPK activation. With both ULK1 depletion and mTORC1 hyper-activation (i.e., TSC1/2 downregulation), we demonstrate that a double negative feedback loop between AMPK and mTORC1 is crucial for the proper dynamic features of the control network. Our computer simulations have further proved the dynamical characteristic of AMPK–mTORC1–ULK1 controlled cellular nutrient sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Holczer
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (B.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Bence Hajdú
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (B.H.); (G.B.)
| | - Tamás Lőrincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (A.S.)
| | - András Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary; (T.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (B.H.); (G.B.)
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (M.H.); (B.H.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-1266-2615
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30
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Lai Y, Feng B, Abudoureyimu M, Zhi Y, Zhou H, Wang T, Chu X, Chen P, Wang R. Non-coding RNAs: Emerging Regulators of Sorafenib Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1156. [PMID: 31750247 PMCID: PMC6848262 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first oral multi-target anti-tumor drug proved for the treatment of patients with advanced liver cancer in 2007, sorafenib has changed the landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment. However, drug resistance largely hinders its clinical application. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding (lncRNAs), have recently been demonstrated playing critical roles in a variety of cancers including HCC, while the mechanisms of ncRNAs in HCC sorafenib resistance have not been extensively characterized yet. Herein, we summarize the mechanisms of recently reported ncRNAs involved in sorafenib resistance and discuss the potential strategies for their application in the battle against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongting Lai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Feng
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mubalake Abudoureyimu
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingru Zhi
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Oncology, First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Shi Y, Gong W, Lu L, Wang Y, Ren J. Upregulation of miR-129-5p increases the sensitivity to Taxol through inhibiting HMGB1-mediated cell autophagy in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 52:e8657. [PMID: 31664305 PMCID: PMC6826894 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20198657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although Taxol has improved the survival of cancer patients as a first-line chemotherapeutic agent, an increasing number of patients develop resistance to Taxol after prolonged treatment. The potential mechanisms of cancer cell resistance to Taxol are not completely clear. It has been reported that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulating the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic agents. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of miR-129-5p in regulating the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to Taxol. Cell apoptosis and autophagy, and the sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to Taxol were assessed with a series of in vitro assays. Our results showed that the inhibition of autophagy increased the Taxol-induced apoptosis and the sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to Taxol. Up-regulation of miR-129-5p also inhibited autophagy and induced apoptosis. Furthermore, miR-129-5p overexpression increased the sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to Taxol. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a target gene of miR-129-5p and a regulator of autophagy, was negatively regulated by miR-129-5p. We found that interference of HMGB1 enhanced the chemosensitivity of Taxol by inhibiting autophagy and inducing apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Taken together, our findings suggested that miR-129-5p increased the chemosensitivity of MCF-7 cells to Taxol through suppressing autophagy and enhancing apoptosis by inhibiting HMGB1. Using miR-129-5p/HMGB1/autophagy-based therapeutic strategies may be a potential treatment for overcoming Taxol resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weihua Gong
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Beijing Chaoyang Emergency Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Xiang Cheng City First Person Hospital, Zhoukou, China
| | - Jingjing Ren
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang F, Cao M, Fan M, Wu H, Huang W, Zhang Y, Hu Z, Jin X. AMPK‐mTOR‐ULK1 axis activation‐dependent autophagy promotes hydroxycamptothecin‐induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4302-4315. [PMID: 31621074 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feifan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Mengjing Fan
- Central Lab of Biomedical Research Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital School of Medicine, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Hongshen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Zhenghui Hu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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Liu T, Zong S, Luo P, Qu Y, Wen Y, Du P, Xiao H. Enhancing autophagy by down-regulating GSK-3β alleviates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity in vivo and in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2019; 313:11-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Sudhakar P, Jacomin AC, Hautefort I, Samavedam S, Fatemian K, Ari E, Gul L, Demeter A, Jones E, Korcsmaros T, Nezis IP. Targeted interplay between bacterial pathogens and host autophagy. Autophagy 2019; 15:1620-1633. [PMID: 30909843 PMCID: PMC6693458 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1590519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the critical role played by autophagy in pathogen clearance, pathogens have developed diverse strategies to subvert it. Despite previous key findings of bacteria-autophagy interplay, asystems-level insight into selective targeting by the host and autophagy modulation by the pathogens is lacking. We predicted potential interactions between human autophagy proteins and effector proteins from 56 pathogenic bacterial species by identifying bacterial proteins predicted to have recognition motifs for selective autophagy receptors SQSTM1/p62, CALCOCO2/NDP52 and MAP1LC3/LC3. Using structure-based interaction prediction, we identified bacterial proteins capable to modify core autophagy components. Our analysis revealed that autophagy receptors in general potentially target mostly genus-specific proteins, and not those present in multiple genera. The complementarity between the predicted SQSTM1/p62 and CALCOCO2/NDP52 targets, which has been shown for Salmonella, Listeria and Shigella, could be observed across other pathogens. This complementarity potentially leaves the host more susceptible to chronic infections upon the mutation of autophagy receptors. Proteins derived from enterotoxigenic and non-toxigenic Bacillus outer membrane vesicles indicated that autophagy targets pathogenic proteins rather than non-pathogenic ones. We also observed apathogen-specific pattern as to which autophagy phase could be modulated by specific genera. We found intriguing examples of bacterial proteins that could modulate autophagy, and in turn being targeted by autophagy as ahost defense mechanism. We confirmed experimentally an interplay between a Salmonella protease, YhjJ and autophagy. Our comparative meta-analysis points out key commonalities and differences in how pathogens could affect autophagy and how autophagy potentially recognizes these pathogenic effectors. Abbreviations: ATG5: autophagy related 5; CALCOCO2/NDP52: calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2; GST: glutathione S-transferase; LIR: MAP1LC3/LC3-interacting region; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha; OMV: outer membrane vesicles; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SCV: Salmonella containing vesicle; TECPR1: tectonin beta-propeller repeat containing 1; YhjJ: hypothetical zinc-protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Gut Health and Microbes Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Siva Samavedam
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Koorosh Fatemian
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Current affiliation:Exaelements LTD, Coventry, UK
| | - Eszter Ari
- Department of Genetics, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
- Synthetic and System Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Leila Gul
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Amanda Demeter
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Gut Health and Microbes Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Department of Genetics, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emily Jones
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Gut Health and Microbes Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
- Gut Health and Microbes Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Ma J, Du D, Liu J, Guo L, Li Y, Chen A, Ye T. Hydrogen sulphide promotes osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting autophagy through the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. J Drug Target 2019; 28:176-185. [PMID: 31134826 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1624969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di Du
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongchuan Li
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - TianWen Ye
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Functional Interaction of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 2-Alpha and Autophagy Mediates Drug Resistance in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060755. [PMID: 31151160 PMCID: PMC6627604 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) in tumors have been associated with therapeutic resistance and with autophagy establishment. We examined the effects of stable knockdown of HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression on autophagy and drug resistance in colon cancer cells. We found that under normoxic conditions, malignant cells exhibit increased basal levels of autophagy, compared with non-malignant cells, in addition to the previously reported coexpression of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. Knockdown of HIF-1α or HIF-2α expression resulted in increased autophagic and apoptotic cell death, indicating that the survival of cells is HIF-dependent. Cytotoxic-induced cell death was significantly increased by knockdown of HIFs but not by autophagy inhibition. Strikingly, although malignancy-resistant cells were sensitized to death by nutrient stress, the combination with HIF-2α depletion, but not with HIF-1α depletion, induced severe cell death. Oxidative stress levels were significantly increased as a result of HIF-2α specific inhibition or silencing suggesting that this may contribute to sensitize cells to death. The in vitro results were confirmed in vivo using a xenograft mouse model. We found that coordinated autophagy and mTOR inhibition enhanced cell death and induced tumor remission only in HIF-2α-silenced cells. Finally, using a specific HIF-2α inhibitor alone or in combination with drugs in patient-derived primary colon cancer cells, overcame their resistance to 5-FU or CCI-779, thus emphasizing the crucial role played by HIF-2α in promoting resistance and cell survival.
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Dong XL, Liu ZW. [Clinical importance of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 and mammalian target of rapamycin expression in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2019; 36:613-618. [PMID: 30593105 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the expression and relationship of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in normal oral mucosa, oral leukoplakia (OLK), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This work also analyzed the relationship between expression levels and clinical factors. This study evaluated the clinical value of LC3B and mTOR as indices to determine the carcinogenic potential of OLK. METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of LC3B and mTOR in 20 cases of normal oral mucosa, 120 cases of OLK, and 30 cases of OSCC. The clinical data of 120 patients with OLK were analyzed. The relationships between expression levels and clinical factors were investigated. RESULTS In normal oral mucosa, OLK and OSCC, the positive rates of LC3B expression were 85.0%, 65.8% and 33.3% (P<0.05), whereas the positive rates of mTOR expression were 20.0%, 48.3% and 76.7% (P<0.05). The expression levels of LC3B and mTOR were correlated and related to clinical typing of OLK (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS LC3B and mTOR can be used as molecular biomarkers for early detection of OLK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lin Dong
- Stomatological Center, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Liu
- Stomatological Center, Xiangya Second Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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Wang H, Peng Y, Wang J, Gu A, Li Q, Mao D, Guo L. Effect of autophagy on the resveratrol-induced apoptosis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:7788-7793. [PMID: 30450764 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy induced by resveratrol (Res) in SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell lines. METHODS The experiment was divided into four groups: normal control group, Res group, Res combined with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (Res+3-MA) group, and Z-VAD-FMK group. SKOV3 cells were cultured and treated with Res and 3-MA for 24 hours. The processing concentration of Res was screened out by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay. The cell survival rate was measured by the CCK8 assay. The expression of bule-associated protein light chain 3 beta 2 (LC3-II) and Beclin-1 was detected using Western blot analysis. The percentages of apoptotic and autophagic cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. RESULTS The cell survival rate significantly decreased as Res concentration increased, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The processing concentration of Res was 25 μmol/L. After treatment with Res for 24 hours, the expression levels of autophagy-related protein LC3 and Beclin-l were significantly higher than in the other groups. Furthermore, the expression of LC3 and Beclin-l significantly declined in the Res+3-MA group compared with the Res group. However, the percentage of autophagic cells significantly decreased from 37.0% ± 4.24% to 6.1% ± 0.28%, and the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased from 24% ± 4.55% to 67.0% ± 4.3%; and the differences were statistically significant ( P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Res can induce autophagy to inhibit apoptosis in tumor SKOV3 cells, and inhibition of Res+3-MA could not only enhance the effects of chemotherapy but also prevent normal cells from tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongYan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Disease Prevention Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - AnXin Gu
- Department of radiotherapy, Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - DongWei Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - LiYuan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Chen S, Li YQ, Yin XZ, Li SZ, Zhu YL, Fan YY, Li WJ, Cui YL, Zhao J, Li X, Zhang QG, Jin NY. Recombinant adenoviruses expressing apoptin suppress the growth of MCF‑7 breast cancer cells and affect cell autophagy. Oncol Rep 2019; 41:2818-2832. [PMID: 30896879 PMCID: PMC6448129 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis both promote cell death; however, the relationship between them is subtle, and they mutually promote and antagonize each other. Apoptin can induce apoptosis of various tumor cells; however, tumor cell death is not only caused by apoptosis. Whether apoptin affects tumor cell autophagy is poorly understood. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the effects of apoptin using recombinant adenoviruses expressing apoptin. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy and proteomics analyses revealed that apoptin could induce autophagy in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The results also suggested that apoptin affected autophagy in a time- and dose-dependent manner. During the early stage of apoptin stimulation (6 and 12 h), the expression levels of autophagy pathway-associated proteins, including Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3, autophagy-related 4B cysteine peptidase and autophagy-related 5, were significantly increased, suggesting that apoptin promoted the upregulation of autophagy in MCF-7 cells. Conversely, after 12 h of apoptin stimulation, the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were decreased, thus suggesting that apoptosis may be inhibited. Therefore, it was hypothesized that apoptin may enhance autophagy and inhibit apoptosis in MCF-7 cells at the early stage. In conclusion, apoptin-induced cell death may involve both autophagy and apoptosis. The induction of autophagy may inhibit apoptosis, whereas apoptosis may inhibit autophagy; however, occasionally both pathways operate at the same time and involve apoptin. This apoptin-associated selection between tumor cell survival and death may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Quan Li
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Zhe Yin
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Zhi Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Long Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Li Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute of Military Veterinary Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Science, Changchun, Jilin 130122, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
| | - Ning-Yi Jin
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin 133002, P.R. China
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Nrf2-miR-129-3p-mTOR Axis Controls an miRNA Regulatory Network Involved in HDACi-Induced Autophagy. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1039-1050. [PMID: 30852137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are the recommended treatment for many solid tumors; however, resistance is a major clinical obstacle for their efficacy. High levels of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2 like-2 (Nrf2) in cancer cells suggest a vital role in chemoresistance, and regulation of autophagy is one mechanism by which Nrf2 mediates chemoresistance. Although the molecular mechanisms underlying this activity are unclear, understanding them may ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes following HDACi treatment. In this study, we found that HDACi treatment increased Nrf2 mRNA and protein levels and enhanced Nrf2 transcriptional activity. Conversely, Nrf2 knockdown or inhibition blocked HDACi-induced autophagy. In addition, a microRNA (miRNA) array identified upregulation of miR-129-3p in response to Nrf2 overexpression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed miR-129-3p to be a direct Nrf2 target. RepTar and RNAhybrid databases indicated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) as a potential miR-129-3p target, which we experimentally confirmed. Finally, Nrf2 inhibition or miR-129-3p in combination with HDACis increased cell death in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these results demonstrated that Nrf2 regulates mTOR during HDACi-induced autophagy through miRNA-129-3p and inhibition of this pathway could enhance HDACi-mediated cell death.
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Kar R, Riquelme MA, Hua R, Jiang JX. Glucocorticoid-Induced Autophagy Protects Osteocytes Against Oxidative Stress Through Activation of MAPK/ERK Signaling. JBMR Plus 2018; 3:e10077. [PMID: 31044179 PMCID: PMC6478584 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy confers protective or detrimental effects on cells depending on the cellular context. We showed here that oxidative stress‐induced cell death in osteocytic MLO‐Y4 cells coincided with decreased autophagy. Decreased autophagy was also observed in osteocytes of superoxide dismutase 1‐ (SOD1‐) deficient mice. Oxidative stress‐induced osteocyte death was exacerbated by an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine, suggesting a protective function of basal autophagy levels against oxidative stress‐induced cell death. Pretreatment with dexamethasone reduced the susceptibility of osteocytes to oxidative stress‐induced cell death and conferred protection against TNFα/cycloheximide‐induced cell death. Inhibition of MAPK/ERK attenuated the formation of autophagosome, leading to increased osteocyte cell death. Taken together, our results suggest that autophagy, induced by moderate levels of glucocorticoids, leads to the preconditioning of osteocytes and conveys a novel cell‐protective function against cell death induced by oxidative stress and other insults. © 2018 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Kar
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX USA
| | - Manuel A Riquelme
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX USA
| | - Rui Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX USA
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX USA
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Kosztelnik M, Kurucz A, Papp D, Jones E, Sigmond T, Barna J, Traka MH, Lorincz T, Szarka A, Banhegyi G, Vellai T, Korcsmaros T, Kapuy O. Suppression of AMPK/aak-2 by NRF2/SKN-1 down-regulates autophagy during prolonged oxidative stress. FASEB J 2018; 33:2372-2387. [PMID: 30277819 PMCID: PMC6338645 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800565rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
NF-E2–related factor 2 (NRF2) transcription factor has a fundamental role in cell homeostasis maintenance as one of the master regulators of oxidative and electrophilic stress responses. Previous studies have shown that a regulatory connection exists between NRF2 and autophagy during reactive oxygen species–generated oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate how autophagy is turned off during prolonged oxidative stress, to avoid overeating and destruction of essential cellular components. AMPK is a key cellular energy sensor highly conserved in eukaryotic organisms, and it has an essential role in autophagy activation at various stress events. Here the role of human AMPK and its Caenorhabditis elegans counterpart AAK-2 was explored upon oxidative stress. We investigated the regulatory connection between NRF2 and AMPK during oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) in HEK293T cells and C. elegans. Putative conserved NRF2/protein skinhead-1 binding sites were found in AMPK/aak-2 genes by in silico analysis and were later confirmed experimentally by using EMSA. After addition of TBHP, NRF2 and AMPK showed a quick activation; AMPK was later down-regulated, however, while NRF2 level remained high. Autophagosome formation and Unc-51–like autophagy activating kinase 1 phosphorylation were initially stimulated, but they returned to basal values after 4 h of TBHP treatment. The silencing of NRF2 resulted in a constant activation of AMPK leading to hyperactivation of autophagy during oxidative stress. We observed the same effects in C. elegans demonstrating the conservation of this self-defense mechanism to save cells from hyperactivated autophagy upon prolonged oxidative stress. We conclude that NRF2 negatively regulates autophagy through delayed down-regulation of the expression of AMPK upon prolonged oxidative stress. This regulatory connection between NRF2 and AMPK may have an important role in understanding how autophagy is regulated in chronic human morbidities characterized by oxidative stress, such as neurodegenerative diseases, certain cancer types, and in metabolic diseases.—Kosztelnik, M., Kurucz, A., Papp, D., Jones, E., Sigmond, T., Barna, J., Traka, M. H., Lorincz, T., Szarka, A., Banhegyi, G., Vellai, T., Korcsmaros, T., Kapuy, O. Suppression of AMPK/aak-2 by NRF2/SKN-1 down-regulates autophagy during prolonged oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Kurucz
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diana Papp
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emily Jones
- Gut Health and Microbes, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Timea Sigmond
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Janos Barna
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maria H Traka
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Lorincz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andras Szarka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Banhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Gut Health and Microbes, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology, and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Jacomin AC, Gul L, Sudhakar P, Korcsmaros T, Nezis IP. What We Learned From Big Data for Autophagy Research. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:92. [PMID: 30175097 PMCID: PMC6107789 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is the process by which cytoplasmic components are engulfed in double-membraned vesicles before being delivered to the lysosome to be degraded. Defective autophagy has been linked to a vast array of human pathologies. The molecular mechanism of the autophagic machinery is well-described and has been extensively investigated. However, understanding the global organization of the autophagy system and its integration with other cellular processes remains a challenge. To this end, various bioinformatics and network biology approaches have been developed by researchers in the last few years. Recently, large-scale multi-omics approaches (like genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics) have been developed and carried out specifically focusing on autophagy, and generating multi-scale data on the related components. In this review, we outline recent applications of in silico investigations and big data analyses of the autophagy process in various biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lejla Gul
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tamas Korcsmaros
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Gut Microbes and Health Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis P. Nezis
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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44
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Ni Y, Wu S, Wang X, Zhu G, Chen X, Ding Y, Jiang W. Cucurbitacin I induces pro-death autophagy in A549 cells via the ERK-mTOR-STAT3 signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:6104-6112. [PMID: 29575175 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Natural products are a great source of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, the anticancer effects of cucurbitacin I on A549 cells were investigated. Cucurbitacin I decreased cell viability, inhibited colony formation, and induced apoptosis in A549 cells. Cucurbitacin I caused accumulation of autophagosome and dose-dependent expression of LC3II protein. Autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (3-MA) inhibited autophagy induced by cucurbitacin I and relieved cucurbitacin I-triggered cell death and apoptosis in A549 Cells. Cucurbitacin I treatment inhibits the ERK activation and the downstream phosphorylation level of mTOR and STAT3, but not the PI3K/Akt pathway. Furthermore, treatment with the mTOR activator MHY-1485, which also suppressed cucurbitacin I-induced LC3II expression, and also reversed cucurbitacin I-induced cell death and apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that cucurbitacin I induced pro-death autophagy through ERK/mTOR/STAT3 signaling cascade in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyun Ni
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Sisi Wu
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Research Core Facility, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. China
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45
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Kapuy O, Papp D, Vellai T, Bánhegyi G, Korcsmáros T. Systems-Level Feedbacks of NRF2 Controlling Autophagy upon Oxidative Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7030039. [PMID: 29510589 PMCID: PMC5874525 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7030039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the primary role of autophagy-dependent cellular self-eating is cytoprotective upon various stress events (such as starvation, oxidative stress, and high temperatures), sustained autophagy might lead to cell death. A transcription factor called NRF2 (nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2) seems to be essential in maintaining cellular homeostasis in the presence of either reactive oxygen or nitrogen species generated by internal metabolism or external exposure. Accumulating experimental evidence reveals that oxidative stress also influences the balance of the 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/rapamycin (mammalian kinase target of rapamycin or mTOR) signaling pathway, thereby inducing autophagy. Based on computational modeling here we propose that the regulatory triangle of AMPK, NRF2 and mTOR guaranties a precise oxidative stress response mechanism comprising of autophagy. We suggest that under conditions of oxidative stress, AMPK is crucial for autophagy induction via mTOR down-regulation, while NRF2 fine-tunes the process of autophagy according to the level of oxidative stress. We claim that the cellular oxidative stress response mechanism achieves an incoherently amplified negative feedback loop involving NRF2, mTOR and AMPK. The mTOR-NRF2 double negative feedback generates bistability, supporting the proper separation of two alternative steady states, called autophagy-dependent survival (at low stress) and cell death (at high stress). In addition, an AMPK-mTOR-NRF2 negative feedback loop suggests an oscillatory characteristic of autophagy upon prolonged intermediate levels of oxidative stress, resulting in new rounds of autophagy stimulation until the stress events cannot be dissolved. Our results indicate that AMPK-, NRF2- and mTOR-controlled autophagy induction provides a dynamic adaptation to altering environmental conditions, assuming their new frontier in biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kapuy
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Diána Papp
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Vellai
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Genetics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University (MTA-ELTE), Pázmány Péter stny. 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Bánhegyi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Molecular Biology and Pathobiochemistry, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
- Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University (MTA-SE), Tűzoltó utca 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Gut Health and Food Safety Programme, Quadram Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UA, UK.
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UZ, UK.
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46
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Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been considered the third gaseous signaling molecule that plays important roles in a wide range of physiological and pathological conditions. However, there has been some controversy on the role of H2S in autophagy. Recent studies indicate that a number of signaling pathways are involved in the pro-autophagy effect of H2S, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AMPK/mTOR, LKB1/STRAD/MO25, and miR-30c signaling pathways. On the other hand, there are many signaling pathways that play important roles in the anti-autophagy effect of H2S, including SR-A, PI3K/SGK1/GSK3β, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Nrf2-ROS-AMPK, AMPK/mTOR, and JNK1 signaling pathways. Novel H2S-releasing donors/drugs could be designed and identified in order to increase the therapeutic effects by mediating autophagy in human diseases. In this review, the H2S metabolism in mammals is summarized and the effects of signaling pathways in H2S-mediated autophagy are further discussed.
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47
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Peixoto MS, de Oliveira Galvão MF, Batistuzzo de Medeiros SR. Cell death pathways of particulate matter toxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 188:32-48. [PMID: 28865791 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to various complex mixtures of particulate matter (PM) from different sources. Long-term exposure to high levels of these particulates has been linked to a diverse range of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases that have resulted in hospital admission. The evaluation of the effects of PM exposure on the mechanisms related to cell death has been a challenge for many researchers. Therefore, in this review, we have discussed the effects of airborne PM exposure on mechanisms related to cell death. For this purpose, we have compiled literature data on PM sources, the effects of exposure, and the assays and models used for evaluation, in order to establish comparisons between various studies. The analysis of this collected data suggested divergent responses to PM exposure that resulted in different cell death types (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis). In addition, PM induced oxidative stress within cells, which appeared to be an important factor in the determination of cell fate. When the levels of reactive oxygen species were overpowering, the cellular fate was directed toward cell death. This may be the underlying mechanism of the development or exacerbation of respiratory diseases, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. In addition, PM was shown to cause DNA damage and the resulting mutations increased the risk of cancer. Furthermore, several conditions should be considered in the assessment of cell death in PM-exposed models, including the cell culture line, PM composition, and the interaction of the different cells types in in vivo models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Simões Peixoto
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Marcos Felipe de Oliveira Galvão
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil.
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48
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Estrogen receptor signaling mediates leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells via autophagy induction. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109417-109435. [PMID: 29312618 PMCID: PMC5752531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, a hormone derived from adipose tissue, promotes growth of cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. Estrogen receptor signaling is also known to stimulate the growth of breast cancer cells. However, the involvement of estrogen receptor signaling in the oncogenic actions of leptin and its underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. Herein, we investigated mechanisms for estrogen receptor signaling-mediated growth of breast cancer cells, particularly focusing on autophagy, which plays a crucial role in leptin-induced tumor growth. Inhibition of estrogen receptor signaling via gene silencing or treatment with a pharmacological inhibitor (tamoxifen) abolished leptin-induced growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Interestingly, leptin-induced autophagy activation, determined by up-regulation of autophagy-related genes and autophagosome formation, was also significantly suppressed by inhibiting estrogen receptor signaling. Moreover, inhibition of estrogen receptor markedly prevented leptin-induced activation of AMPK/FoxO3A axis, which plays a crucial role in autophagy induction. Leptin-induced cell cycle progression and Bax down-regulation were also prevented by treatment with tamoxifen. The pivotal roles of estrogen receptor signaling in leptin-induced cell cycle progression, apoptosis suppression, and autophagy induction were further confirmed in MCF-7 tumor xenograft model. Taken together, these results demonstrate that estrogen receptor signaling plays a key role in leptin-induced growth of breast cancer cells via autophagy activation.
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49
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Sigston EAW, Williams BRG. An Emergence Framework of Carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2017; 7:198. [PMID: 28959682 PMCID: PMC5603758 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental paradigms provide the framework for the understanding of cancer, and drive research and treatment, but are rarely considered by clinicians. The somatic mutation theory (SMT), in which cancer is considered a genetic disease, has been the predominant traditional model of cancer for over 50 years. More recently, alternative theories have been proposed, such as tissue organization field theory (TOFT), evolutionary models, and inflammatory models. Key concepts within the various models have led to them being difficult to reconcile. Progressively, it has been recognized that biological systems cannot be fully explained by the physicochemical properties of their constituent parts. There is an increasing call for a 'systems' approach. Incorporating the concepts of 'emergence', 'systems', 'thermodynamics', and 'chaos', a single integrated framework for carcinogenesis has been developed, enabling existing theories to become compatible as alternative mechanisms, facilitating the integration of bioinformatics and providing a structure in which translational research can flow from both 'benchtop to bedside' and 'bedside to benchtop'. In this review, a basic understanding of the key concepts of 'emergence', 'systems', 'system levels', 'complexity', 'thermodynamics', 'entropy', 'chaos', and 'fractals' is provided. Non-linear mathematical equations are included where possible to demonstrate compatibility with bioinformatics. Twelve principles that define the 'emergence framework of carcinogenesis' are developed, with principles 1-10 encapsulating the key concepts upon which the framework is built and their application to carcinogenesis. Principle 11 relates the framework to cancer progression. Principle 12 relates to the application of the framework to translational research. The 'emergence framework of carcinogenesis' collates current paradigms, concepts, and evidence around carcinogenesis into a single framework that incorporates previously incompatible viewpoints and ideas. Any researcher, scientist, or clinician involved in research, treatment, or prevention of cancer can employ this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A W Sigston
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Monash Medical Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bryan R G Williams
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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50
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AMPK activation-dependent autophagy compromises oleanolic acid-induced cytotoxicity in human bladder cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:67942-67954. [PMID: 28978086 PMCID: PMC5620226 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process in eukaryotic cells, which allows cells to overcome a wide array of of stresses and has recently been shown to result in drug resistance. This study examined the effect of autophagy on oleanolic acid (OA)-induced cytotoxicity against bladder cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that OA inhibited cell viability, proliferation, and induced apoptosis in bladder cancer lines T24 and EJ. Furthermore, OA induced autophagy in both cell lines by activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and promoting unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1). Moreover, inhibiting autophagy by siRNA to autophagy related 7 (ATG7) or with autophagy inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin (compound C) promoted OA-induced deaths of bladder cancer cells. In contrast, either autophagy activator rapamycin or AMPK activator acadesine (AICAR) compromised OA-induced anti-cancer effect. Our findings suggested that OA induced protective autophagy through AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 signaling pathway in bladder cancer cells and OA in combination with autophagy inhibitor might be a novel alternative for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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