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Xia W, Shi N, Li C, Tang A. RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq data from Epstein-Barr virus-infected tree shrews reveal a ceRNA network contributing to immune microenvironment regulation. Virulence 2024; 15:2306795. [PMID: 38251668 PMCID: PMC10826628 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2024.2306795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in humans is ubiquitous and associated with various diseases. Remodeling of the immune microenvironment is the primary cause of EBV infection and pathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we used whole-transcriptome RNA-Seq to detect mRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA), and microRNA (miRNA) profiles in the control group, 3 days, and 28 days after EBV infection, based on the tree shrew model that we reported previously. First, we estimated the proportion of 22 cell types in each sample using CIBERSORT software and identified 18 high-confidence DElncRNAs related to immune microenvironment regulation after EBV infection. Functional enrichment analysis of these differentially expressed lncRNAs primarily focused on the autophagy, endocytosis, and ferroptosis signalling pathways. Moreover, EBV infection affects miRNA expression patterns, and many miRNAs are silenced. Finally, three competing endogenous RNA regulatory networks were built using lncRNAs that significantly correlated with immune cell types, miRNAs that responded to EBV infection, and potentially targeted the mRNA of the miRNAs. Among them, MRPL42-AS-5 might act as an hsa-miR-296-5p "sponge" and compete with target mRNAs, thus increasing mRNA expression level, which could induce immune cell infiltration through the cellular senescence signalling pathway against EBV infection. Overall, we conducted a complete transcriptomic analysis of EBV infection in vivo for the first time and provided a novel perspective for further investigation of EBV-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xia
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Nan Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chaoqian Li
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Anzhou Tang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor (Guangxi Medical University), Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Tao L, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Liu X, Ding C, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhuang Y, Guo L, Zhang Y, He X, Feng X, Zhang Q, Kang W, Sun L, Wang Y, Li L. Epstein-Barr virus downregulates the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of CD8 + T lymphocytes might associate with coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease patients. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105168. [PMID: 37295770 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis that is caused by immunological dysregulation in children exposed to pathogens like Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Myocardial ischemia or infarction due to coronary artery lesions (CALs) might be lethal. However, it is unclear how pathogens, immunomodulation, and CALs interact, particularly in KD patients co-infected with the most widespread virus, EBV. METHODS We investigated pathogen carriage and fundamental clinical data in 281 KD patients. Immunological differences between CALs and non-CALs in KD patients under different conditions were analyzed. Then, the effect of infection by different pathogens on the immune response was excluded, and most EBV co-infected KD patients were included to assess the incidence of CALs, the level of immune modulation, and regulatory mechanisms in different EBV infection states. RESULTS Our results showed multiple pathogenic infections occur in KD patients, with EBV being the most prevalent. The incidence of CALs in the EBV-DNA (+) acute infection group, EBV-DNA (-) acute infection group, and EBV latent infection group was 0 (0/6), 27.27% (3/11) and 41.67% (10/24), respectively. The two groups were younger and had increased IL-6 levels and B cells, decreasing CD8+ T cells than the EBV-DNA (+) acute infection group. Interestingly, the increased B cells were not associated with immunoglobulin release. Additionally, these patients down-regulated α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) and downstream molecule PI3K/AKT/mTOR while activating the NF-κB. CONCLUSION Patients with different EBV infection statuses exhibit different incidences of CALs. In acute EBV-DNA (-) infected and latent EBV-infected patients, the number of CD8+ T cells decreased and downregulated CD8+ T cells' α7nAChR and PI3K/AKT/mTOR, which may associate with CALs, while the expression of NF-κB and the pro-inflammatory factor IL-6 was upregulated by inhibiting the anti-inflammatory molecule α7nAChR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvyan Tao
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Tiesong Zhang
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuantao Zhou
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaohong Ding
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of 2nd Infections, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhuang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiyi Kang
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Sun
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Li
- Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China; Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Children's Health and Disease, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China.
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3
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Awasthi P, Dwivedi M, Kumar D, Hasan S. Insights into intricacies of the Latent Membrane Protein-1 (LMP-1) in EBV-associated cancers. Life Sci 2023; 313:121261. [PMID: 36493876 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous lymphomas, carcinomas, and other disorders have been associated with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection. EBV's carcinogenic potential can be correlated to latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), which is essential for fibroblast and primary lymphocyte transformation. LMP1, a transmembrane protein with constitutive activity, belongs to the tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily. LMP1 performs number of role in the life cycle of EBV and the pathogenesis by interfering with, reprogramming, and influencing a vast range of host cellular activities and functions that are getting well-known but still poorly understood. LMP1, pleiotropically perturbs, reprograms and balances a wide range of various processes of cell such as extracellular vesicles, epigenetics, ubiquitin machinery, metabolism, cell proliferation and survival, and also promotes oncogenic transformation, angiogenesis, anchorage-independent cell growth, metastasis and invasion, tumour microenvironment. By the help of various experiments, it is proven that EBV-encoded LMP1 activates multiple cell signalling pathways which affect antigen presentation, cell-cell interactions, chemokine and cytokine production. Therefore, it is assumed that LMP1 may perform majorly in EBV associated malignancies. For the development of novel techniques toward targeted therapeutic applications, it is essential to have a complete understanding of the LMP1 signalling landscape in order to identify potential targets. The focus of this review is on LMP1-interacting proteins and related signalling processes. We further discuss tactics for using the LMP1 protein as a potential therapeutic for cancers caused by the EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prankur Awasthi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- School of Health Sciences and Technology, UPES University Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Saba Hasan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow 226028, India.
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4
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Imamura M. Hypothesis: can transfer of primary neoplasm-derived extracellular vesicles and mitochondria contribute to the development of donor cell-derived hematologic neoplasms after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation? Cytotherapy 2022; 24:1169-1180. [PMID: 36058790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is an essential treatment option for various neoplastic and non-neoplastic hematologic diseases. Although its efficacy is modest, a significant proportion of patients experience relapse, graft-versus-host disease, infection or impaired hematopoiesis. Among these, the most frequent cause of post-transplant mortality is relapse, whereas the development of de novo hematologic neoplasms from donor cells after allo-HCT occurs on some occasion as a rare complication. The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the de novo hematologic neoplasms from donor cells are complex, and a multifactorial process contributes to the development of this complication. Recently, extracellular vesicles, particularly exosomes, and mitochondria have been shown to play crucial roles in intercellular communication through the transfer of specific constituents, such as deoxyribonucleic acids, ribonucleic acids, lipids, metabolites and cytosolic and cell-surface proteins. Here, I discuss the potential causative roles of these subcellular components in the development of de novo hematologic neoplasms from donor cells after allo-HCT, in addition to other etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Imamura
- Department of Hematology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan.
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5
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Yao C, Xu R, Li Q, Xiao S, Hu M, Xu L, Zhuang Q. Identification and validation of an immunological microenvironment signature and prediction model for epstein-barr virus positive lymphoma: Implications for immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:970544. [PMID: 36249005 PMCID: PMC9559214 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.970544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundEpstein-Barr virus (EBV) is considered a carcinogenic virus, which is associated with high risk for poor prognosis in lymphoma patients, and there has been especially no satisfying and effective treatment for EBV+ lymphoma. We aimed to identify the immunological microenvironment molecular signatures which lead to the poor prognosis of EBV+ lymphoma patients.MethodsDifferential genes were screened with microarray data from the GEO database (GSE38885, GSE34143 and GSE13996). The data of lymphoid neoplasm diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC) from the TCGA database and GSE4475 were used to identify the prognostic genes. The data of GSE38885, GSE34143, GSE132929, GSE58445 and GSE13996 were used to eluate the immune cell infiltration. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was collected for Real Time Quantitative PCR from 30 clinical samples, including 15 EBV+ and 15 EBV- lymphoma patients.ResultsFour differential genes between EBV+ and EBV- lymphoma patients were screened out with the significance of the survival and prognosis of lymphoma, including CHIT1, SIGLEC15, PLA2G2D and TMEM163. Using CIBERSORT to evaluate immune cell infiltration, we found the infiltration level of macrophages was significantly different between EBV+ and EBV- groups and was closely related to different genes. Preliminary clinical specimen verification identified that the expression levels of CHIT1 and TMEM163 were different between EBV+ and EBV- groups.ConclusionsOur data suggest that differences in expression levels of CHIT1 and TMEM163 and macrophage infiltration levels may be important drivers of poor prognosis of EBV+ lymphoma patients. These hub genes may provide new insights into the prognosis and therapeutic target for EBV+ lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiao Yao
- Department of General medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoyao Xu
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianyuan Li
- Department of General medicine, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sheng Xiao
- Department of Pathology, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center, The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Quan Zhuang,
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6
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Penzhorn IH, Schneider JW, Sher-Locketz C. The Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus in Plasma Cell Neoplasms is Higher in HIV-Positive Individuals. Int J Surg Pathol 2022:10668969221113490. [PMID: 35912479 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is causally associated with many hematolymphoid malignancies. This laboratory-based study aimed to establish the prevalence of EBV in plasma cell neoplasms in a large South African cohort and to determine whether there is any correlation between EBV-positivity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in patients with plasma cell neoplasms, including plasma cell myeloma and plasmacytoma (solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extraosseous plasmacytoma). METHODS This single-institution retrospective study included all patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasm between 2003 and 2020. EBV-expression in the plasma cell neoplasms was assessed by EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) and correlated with HIV status. HIV status was determined by retrieving prior serologic results. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from HIV-unknown patients underwent HIV-1 p24 antibody testing. RESULTS Sixteen of 89 plasma cell neoplasms (18%) were EBV-positive. There was a significant correlation between EBV and HIV infection in plasma cell neoplasms, with 6/10 tumors from HIV positive patients showing EBV-positivity in tumor cells. The EBV-positive cohort was significantly younger than the EBV-negative group. CONCLUSION EBV-positivity in plasma cell neoplasms in this study is higher than previously reported. The significant occurrence of EBV in plasma cell neoplasms from HIV-positive patients suggests a co-carcinogenic relationship between the two viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid H Penzhorn
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, 98826University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Johann W Schneider
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, 98826University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Candice Sher-Locketz
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, 98826University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.,Anatomical Pathology, 484973PathCare, Cape Town, South Africa
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7
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Malpica L, Marques‐Piubelli ML, Beltran BE, Chavez JC, Miranda RN, Castillo JJ. EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2022 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification, and management. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:951-965. [PMID: 35472248 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
DISEASE OVERVIEW Epstein Barr virus-positive (EBV+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified (NOS) is an entity included in the WHO classification of lymphoid neoplasms since 2016. EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma associated with EBV infection, and a poor prognosis with standard chemotherapeutic approaches. DIAGNOSIS The diagnosis is made through a careful pathological evaluation. Detection of EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) is considered standard for diagnosis; however, a clear cutoff for percentage of positive cells has not been defined. The differential diagnosis includes plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), DLBCL associated with chronic inflammation, primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), among others. RISK-STRATIFICATION The International Prognostic Index (IPI) and the Oyama score can be used for risk-stratification. The Oyama score includes age >70 years and presence of B symptoms. The expression of CD30 and PD-1/PD-L1 are emerging as potential adverse but targetable biomarkers. MANAGEMENT Patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, should be staged and managed following similar guidelines than patients with EBV-negative DLBCL. EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, however, might have a worse prognosis than EBV-negative DLBCL in the era of chemoimmunotherapy. Therefore, the inclusion of patients in clinical trials when available is recommended. There is an opportunity to study and develop targeted therapy in the management of patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Malpica
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Mario L. Marques‐Piubelli
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Brady E. Beltran
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins Lima Peru
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas Universidad Ricardo Palma Lima Peru
| | - Julio C. Chavez
- Department of Malignant Hematology H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute Tampa Florida USA
| | - Roberto N. Miranda
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas USA
| | - Jorge J. Castillo
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
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8
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Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Epstein–Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051017. [PMID: 35632758 PMCID: PMC9146158 DOI: 10.3390/v14051017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can cause different types of cancer in human beings when the virus infects different cell types with various latent patterns. EBV shapes a distinct and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) to its benefit by influencing and interacting with different components in the TME. Different EBV-associated malignancies adopt similar but slightly specific immunosuppressive mechanisms by encoding different EBV products to escape both innate and adaptive immune responses. Strategies reversing the immunosuppressive TME of EBV-associated malignancies have been under evaluation in clinical practice. As the interactions among EBV, tumor cells, and TME are intricate, in this review, we mainly discuss the epidemiology of EBV, the life cycle of EBV, the cellular and molecular composition of TME, and a landscape of different EBV-associated malignancies and immunotherapy by targeting the TME.
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9
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Advances in the Pathogenesis of EBV-Associated Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112717. [PMID: 34072731 PMCID: PMC8199155 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in adults. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive DLBCL of the elderly was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2008, it was restricted only to patients older than 50 years old, and it was attributed to immunesenescence associated with physiological aging. After the description of EBV-associated DLBCL in children and young adults, the WHO redefined the definition, leading to the substitution of the modifier "elderly" with "not otherwise specified" (EBV + DLBCL, NOS) in the updated classification, and it is no more considered provisional. The incidence of EBV + DLBCL, NOS varies around the world, in particular influenced by the percentage of EBV+ cells used as cut-off to define a case as EBV-associated. EBV has effect on the genetic composition of tumor cells, on survival, and at the recruitment of immune cells at the microenvironment. In this review, the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of DLBCL is discussed.
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10
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Cao Y, Xie L, Shi F, Tang M, Li Y, Hu J, Zhao L, Zhao L, Yu X, Luo X, Liao W, Bode AM. Targeting the signaling in Epstein-Barr virus-associated diseases: mechanism, regulation, and clinical study. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:15. [PMID: 33436584 PMCID: PMC7801793 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein–Barr virus-associated diseases are important global health concerns. As a group I carcinogen, EBV accounts for 1.5% of human malignances, including both epithelial- and lymphatic-originated tumors. Moreover, EBV plays an etiological and pathogenic role in a number of non-neoplastic diseases, and is even involved in multiple autoimmune diseases (SADs). In this review, we summarize and discuss some recent exciting discoveries in EBV research area, which including DNA methylation alterations, metabolic reprogramming, the changes of mitochondria and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress and EBV lytic reactivation, variations in non-coding RNA (ncRNA), radiochemotherapy and immunotherapy. Understanding and learning from this advancement will further confirm the far-reaching and future value of therapeutic strategies in EBV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Cao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Research Center for Technologies of Nucleic Acid-Based Diagnostics and Therapeutics Hunan Province, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China. .,National Joint Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnostics of Infectious Diseases and Cancer, 410078, Changsha, China. .,Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.
| | - Longlong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Min Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yueshuo Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Luqing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xinfang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangjian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Invasion, Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Chinese Ministry of Health, 410078, Changsha, China.,Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, 410008, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078, Changsha, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
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11
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Chen RH, Xiao ZW, Yan XQ, Han P, Liang FY, Wang JY, Yu ST, Zhang TZ, Chen SQ, Zhong Q, Huang XM. Tumor Cell-Secreted ISG15 Promotes Tumor Cell Migration and Immune Suppression by Inducing the Macrophage M2-Like Phenotype. Front Immunol 2020; 11:594775. [PMID: 33424843 PMCID: PMC7785797 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.594775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is known to be involved in tumor progression. We previously reported that ISG15 expressed on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and related to poor prognosis of patients with NPC. We further observed that ISG15 can be secreted by NPC cell and expressed on the macrophages in situ. However, the role of ISG15 in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) remains poorly understood. In the present study, we found that ISG15 treatment induces macrophages with M2-like phenotype, and the enhancement of NPC cell migration and tumorigenicity. Mechanically, ISG15-induced M2-like phenotype is dependent on the interaction with its receptor, LFA-1, and engagement of SRC family kinase (SFK) signal, and the subsequent secretion of CCL18. Blocking LFA-1, or SRC signal with small molecular inhibitors, or neutralizing with anti-CCL18 antibody can impede the activation of LFA-1-SFK-CCL18 axis in ISG15-treated macrophages. Clinically, ISG15+ CD163+ TAMs related to impaired survival of patients and advanced tumor stage of NPC. Furthermore, we found ISG15+ CD163+ macrophages inhibited antitumor CD8+ cells responses in NPC. Together, our findings suggested tumor cell-secreted ISG15, which acted as a tumor microenvironmental factor, induces M2-like phenotype, promoting tumor progression and suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Hui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head Neck Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fa-Ya Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi-Tong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Seventh affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Nagpal P, Descalzi-Montoya DB, Lodhi N. The circuitry of the tumor microenvironment in adult and pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma: cellular composition, cytokine profile, EBV, and exosomes. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2020; 4:e1311. [PMID: 33103852 PMCID: PMC8451374 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) is a unique lymphoid malignancy with a tumor microenvironment (TME) consisting of a small number of neoplastic-Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (H-RS) cells (<1%), surrounded by a large number of nonneoplastic infiltrating immune cells (>90%). The TME of cHL critically depends on immune cells to support tumor growth as H-RS cells cannot survive and proliferate in isolation. RECENT FINDINGS Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) ligand expressed on H-RS cells inhibits the clearance of tumor by causing T-cell exhaustion. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab, PD-1 inhibitors, have been proven to be effective in treating adult and pediatric patients with R/R cHL. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a central component of TME and are known to cause poor prognosis in adult HL. However, the prognostic impact of CD68+ TAMs in pediatric HL remains ambiguous. EBV modulates the tumor milieu of HL and plays a strategic role in immune escape by enrichment of the TME with Treg cells and associated immunosuppressive cytokines in adult HL. In contrast, EBV+ pediatric patients have increased infiltration of CD8+ T-cells and show a better therapeutic response suggesting viral-related TME is distinct in childhood HL. The role of CASP3 in apoptosis of H-RS cells and its correlation with response prediction in adult and pediatric HL suggest it may serve as a potential biomarker. In cHL, CD30, EBV, and NF-κB signaling employ exosomes for cell-cell communication that triggers the migration capacity of fibroblasts, stimulate to produce proinflammatory cytokines, and help to create a tumor-supportive microenvironment. CONCLUSION The cHL microenvironment is distinct in adult and pediatric HL. Future studies are required to understand the role of interplay between H-RS cells and EBV-associated microenvironment and their clinical outcome. They may present novel therapeutic targets for the development of antilymphoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Nagpal
- College of Natural, Applied, and Health Sciences, Kean University, Union, New Jersey, USA
| | - Dante B Descalzi-Montoya
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, The John Theurer Cancer Center, Hackensack-Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Niraj Lodhi
- Department of Immunotherapeutics and Biotechnology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Abilene, Texas, USA
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13
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Granai M, Mundo L, Akarca AU, Siciliano MC, Rizvi H, Mancini V, Onyango N, Nyagol J, Abinya NO, Maha I, Margielewska S, Wi W, Bibas M, Piccaluga PP, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Fend F, Lazzi S, Leoncini L, Marafioti T. Immune landscape in Burkitt lymphoma reveals M2-macrophage polarization and correlation between PD-L1 expression and non-canonical EBV latency program. Infect Agent Cancer 2020; 15:28. [PMID: 32391073 PMCID: PMC7201729 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-020-00292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Tumor Microenviroment (TME) is a complex milieu that is increasingly recognized as a key factor in multiple stages of disease progression and responses to therapy as well as escape from immune surveillance. However, the precise contribution of specific immune effector and immune suppressor components of the TME in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) remains poorly understood. METHODS In this paper, we applied the computational algorithm CIBERSORT to Gene Expression Profiling (GEP) datasets of 40 BL samples to draw a map of immune and stromal components of TME. Furthermore, by multiple immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multispectral immunofluorescence (IF), we investigated the TME of additional series of 40 BL cases to evaluate the role of the Programmed Death-1 and Programmed Death Ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint axis. RESULTS Our results indicate that M2 polarized macrophages are the most prominent TME component in BL. In addition, we investigated the correlation between PD-L1 and latent membrane protein-2A (LMP2A) expression on tumour cells, highlighting a subgroup of BL cases characterized by a non-canonical latency program of EBV with an activated PD-L1 pathway. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study analysed the TME in BL and identified a tolerogenic immune signature highlighting new potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Granai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
- University Hospital of Tübingen, Institute of Pathology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lucia Mundo
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ayse U. Akarca
- Department of Pathology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Hasan Rizvi
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Virginia Mancini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Noel Onyango
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joshua Nyagol
- Department of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Ibrahim Maha
- South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sandra Margielewska
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Wenbin Wi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK and Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Michele Bibas
- Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani” I.R.C.C.S, Rome, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine Bologna University Medical School, S. Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Falko Fend
- University Hospital of Tübingen, Institute of Pathology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefano Lazzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Leoncini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Teresa Marafioti
- Department of Pathology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University College Hospital, London, London UK
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14
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Vistarop A, Jimenez O, Cohen M, De Matteo E, Preciado MV, Chabay P. Differences in Epstein-Barr Virus Characteristics and Viral-Related Microenvironment Could Be Responsible for Lymphomagenesis in Children. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9010068. [PMID: 31963774 PMCID: PMC7169465 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In Argentina, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) presence is associated with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) in patients younger than 10 years, suggesting a relationship between low age of EBV infection and HL. Given that HL is derived from germinal centers (GC), our aim was to compare EBV protein expression and microenvironment markers between pediatric HL patients and EBV+GC in children. Methods: EBV presence and immune cell markers were assessed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Viral latency II pattern was proved in all HL patients and in 81.8% of EBV+ tonsillar GCs. LMP1 and LMP2 co-expression were proved in 45.7% HL cases, but only in 7.7% EBV+ GC in pediatric tonsils. An increase in CD4+, IL10, and CD68+ cells was observed in EBV+ GC. In pediatric HL patients, only the mean of IL10+ cells was statistically higher in EBV+ HL. Conclusions: Our findings point us out to suggest that LMP1 expression may be sufficient to drive neoplastic transformation, that an immune regulatory milieu counteracts cytotoxic environment in EBV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma, and that CD4+ and CD68+ cells may be recruited to act in a local collaborative way to restrict, at least in part, viral-mediated lymphomagenesis in tonsillar GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldana Vistarop
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina; (A.V.); (O.J.); (M.C.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Oscar Jimenez
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina; (A.V.); (O.J.); (M.C.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Melina Cohen
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina; (A.V.); (O.J.); (M.C.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Elena De Matteo
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA. Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina;
| | - Maria Victoria Preciado
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina; (A.V.); (O.J.); (M.C.); (M.V.P.)
| | - Paola Chabay
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA. Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children’s Hospital, Buenos Aires C1425EFD, Argentina; (A.V.); (O.J.); (M.C.); (M.V.P.)
- Correspondence:
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15
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Fernandes M, Teixeira AL, Medeiros R. The opportunistic effect of exosomes on Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma microenvironment modulation. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2019; 144:102825. [PMID: 31734546 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.102825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a shift in the paradigm of Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, changing from the classical genetic aberration-based model to a more complex and dynamic model involving tumor microenvironment interactions. In this instance, exosomes have emerged as important mediators in intercellular communication by providing survival and proliferation signals, licensing immune evasion and acquisition of drug resistance. The capability to transfer molecular cargo made exosomes a focus of research to understand cancer pathogenesis and its progression pathways. Several studies identified exosomes transporting tumor-released components in peripheral blood and focused on understanding their clinical relevance in the diagnosis, prognostic and in monitoring cancer progression. Moreover, due to their biophysical properties and physiological function, exosomes have drawn attention as potential therapeutic target and drug delivery vehicles. This review will discuss the function of exosomes in Non-Hodgkin lymphomagenesis, highlight their potential as diagnosis and prognosis biomarkers, and as new therapeutic opportunities in lymphoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fernandes
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League against Cancer- Northern Branch (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-172 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Luísa Teixeira
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology and Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center (CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Research Department, LPCC-Portuguese League against Cancer- Northern Branch (Liga Portuguesa Contra o Cancro-Núcleo Regional do Norte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação 6657, 4200-172 Porto, Portugal; CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça de 9 de Abril 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal.
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16
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Shi Q, Zhang Y, Liu W, Xiao H, Qi Y, Li J, Luo B. Latent membrane protein 2A inhibits expression level of Smad2 through regulating miR‐155‐5p in EBV‐associated gastric cancer cell lines. J Med Virol 2019; 92:96-106. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhu Shi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic MedicineQingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryCentral Hospital of Zibo Zibo China
| | - Wen Liu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic MedicineQingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Hua Xiao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic MedicineQingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yifan Qi
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic MedicineQingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic MedicineQingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Bing Luo
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic MedicineQingdao University Qingdao China
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17
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Gallo A, Miele M, Badami E, Conaldi PG. Molecular and cellular interplay in virus-induced tumors in solid organ recipients. Cell Immunol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Marcelis L, Tousseyn T. The Tumor Microenvironment in Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2019; 12:3-16. [PMID: 30680693 PMCID: PMC6529504 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-00219-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs) cover a broad spectrum of lymphoproliferative lesions arising after solid organ or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The composition and function of the tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of all non-malignant constituents of a tumor, is greatly impacted in PTLD through a complex interplay between 4 factors: 1) the graft organ causes immune stimulation through chronic antigen presentation; 2) the therapy to prevent organ rejection interferes with the immune system; 3) the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), present in 80% of PTLDs, has a causative role in the oncogenic transformation of lymphocytes and influences immune responses; 4) interaction with the donor-derived immune cells accompanying the graft. These factors make PTLDs an interesting model to look at cancer-microenvironment interactions and current findings can be of interest for other malignancies including solid tumors. Here we will review the current knowledge of the TME composition in PTLD with a focus on the different factors involved in PTLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Marcelis
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N IV, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thomas Tousseyn
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Lab, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49 - O&N IV, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals UZ Leuven, 7003 24, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
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19
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Ferguson Bennit HR, Gonda A, McMullen JRW, Kabagwira J, Wall NR. Peripheral Blood Cell Interactions of Cancer-Derived Exosomes Affect Immune Function. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT SOCIETY 2019; 12:29-35. [PMID: 29603062 PMCID: PMC6529483 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-018-0209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-derived exosomes are constitutively produced and secreted into the blood and biofluids of their host patients providing a liquid biopsy for early detection and diagnosis. Given their ubiquitous nature, cancer exosomes influence biological mechanisms that are beneficial to the tumor cells where they are produced and the microenvironment in which these tumors exist. Accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes transport proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA, miRNA and long non coding RNA (lncRNA) for the purpose of cell-cell and cell-extracellular communication. These exosomes consistently reflect the status as well as identity of their cell of origin and as such may conceivably be affecting the ability of a functional immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Recognizing and mapping the pathways in which immune suppression is garnered through these tumor derived exosome (TEX) may lead to treatment strategies in which specific cell membrane proteins or receptors may be targeted, allowing for immune surveillance to once again help with the treatment of cancer. This Review focuses on how cancer exosomes interact with immune cells in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather R Ferguson Bennit
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Amber Gonda
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - James R W McMullen
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
- Department Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Department Basic Science and Division of Biochemistry, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
- Center for Health Disparities Research & Molecular Medicine, Loma Linda University, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall, Room 162, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.
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20
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GONZÁLEZ I, ARAYA P, ROJAS A. Helicobacter Pylori Infection and Lung Cancer:
New Insights and Future Challenges. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2018; 21:658-662. [PMID: 30201063 PMCID: PMC6137001 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2018.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the causative agent of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases and is an important risk factor for the development functional dyspepsia, peptic ulceration, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. H. pylori has very high rates of infection in human populations, and it is estimated that over 50% of the world population is infected. Recently, certain extra-gastric manifestations, linked to H. pylori infection, have been widely investigated. Noteworthy, a growing body of evidences supports an association between H. pylori infection with lung cancer. The present review intend to highlight not only the most recent evidences supporting this association, but also some missed points, which must be considered to validate this emerging association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana GONZÁLEZ
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
- Ileana GONZALEZ, E-mail:
| | - Paulina ARAYA
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Armando ROJAS
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
- Armando ROJAS, E-mail:
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21
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Vistarop AG, Cohen M, Huaman F, Irazu L, Rodriguez M, De Matteo E, Preciado MV, Chabay PA. The interplay between local immune response and Epstein-Barr virus-infected tonsillar cells could lead to viral infection control. Med Microbiol Immunol 2018; 207:319-327. [PMID: 30046954 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-018-0553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) gains access to the host through tonsillar crypts. Our aim was to characterize microenvironment composition around EBV+ cells in tonsils from pediatric carriers, to disclose its role on viral pathogenesis. LMP1 expression, assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), was used to discriminate EBV + and - zones in 41 tonsil biopsies. Three regions were defined: Subepithelial (SE), interfollicular (IF) and germinal center (GC). CD8, GrB, CD68, IL10, Foxp3, PD1, CD56 and CD4 markers were evaluated by IHC; positive cells/100 total cells were counted. CD8+, GrB+, CD68+ and IL10+ cells were prevalent in EBV+ zones at the SE region (p < 0.0001, p = 0.03, p = 0.002 and p = 0.002 respectively, Wilcoxon test). CD4+ and CD68+ cell count were higher in EBV + GC (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0002 respectively, Wilcoxon test). Increment of CD8, GrB and CD68 at the SE region could indicate a specific response that may be due to local homing at viral entry, which could be counterbalanced by IL10, an immunosuppressive cytokine. Additionally, it could be hypothesized that CD4 augment at the GC may be involved in the EBV-induced B-cell growth control at this region, in which macrophages could also participate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldana G Vistarop
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Melina Cohen
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fuad Huaman
- Histopathological Laboratory, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucia Irazu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Laboratories and Health Institutes Administration "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Rodriguez
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, National Laboratories and Health Institutes Administration "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena De Matteo
- Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Preciado
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola A Chabay
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Fitzsimmons L, Kelly GL. EBV and Apoptosis: The Viral Master Regulator of Cell Fate? Viruses 2017; 9:E339. [PMID: 29137176 PMCID: PMC5707546 DOI: 10.3390/v9110339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was first discovered in cells from a patient with Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and is now known to be a contributory factor in 1-2% of all cancers, for which there are as yet, no EBV-targeted therapies available. Like other herpesviruses, EBV adopts a persistent latent infection in vivo and only rarely reactivates into replicative lytic cycle. Although latency is associated with restricted patterns of gene expression, genes are never expressed in isolation; always in groups. Here, we discuss (1) the ways in which the latent genes of EBV are known to modulate cell death, (2) how these mechanisms relate to growth transformation and lymphomagenesis, and (3) how EBV genes cooperate to coordinately regulate key cell death pathways in BL and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Since manipulation of the cell death machinery is critical in EBV pathogenesis, understanding the mechanisms that underpin EBV regulation of apoptosis therefore provides opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Fitzsimmons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences and Centre for Human Virology, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia.
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23
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Rodriguez S, Roussel M, Tarte K, Amé-Thomas P. Impact of Chronic Viral Infection on T-Cell Dependent Humoral Immune Response. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1434. [PMID: 29163507 PMCID: PMC5671495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decades, considerable efforts have been done to decipher mechanisms supported by microorganisms or viruses involved in the development, differentiation, and function of immune cells. Pathogens and their associated secretome as well as the continuous inflammation observed in chronic infection are shaping both innate and adaptive immunity. Secondary lymphoid organs are functional structures ensuring the mounting of adaptive immune response against microorganisms and viruses. Inside these organs, germinal centers (GCs) are the specialized sites where mature B-cell differentiation occurs leading to the release of high-affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting cells. Different steps are critical to complete B-cell differentiation process, including proliferation, somatic hypermutations in Ig variable genes, affinity-based selection, and class switch recombination. All these steps require intense interactions with cognate CD4+ helper T cells belonging to follicular helper lineage. Interestingly, pathogens can disturb this subtle machinery affecting the classical adaptive immune response. In this review, we describe how viruses could act directly on GC B cells, either through B-cell infection or by their contribution to B-cell cancer development and maintenance. In addition, we depict the indirect impact of viruses on B-cell response through infection of GC T cells and stromal cells, leading to immune response modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Rodriguez
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, pôle Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Mikaël Roussel
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, pôle Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, pôle Biologie, Rennes, France
| | - Patricia Amé-Thomas
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Université de Rennes 1, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, LabEx IGO, Rennes, France.,Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, pôle Biologie, Rennes, France
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24
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Liu L, Zhou Q, Xie Y, Zuo L, Zhu F, Lu J. Extracellular vesicles: novel vehicles in herpesvirus infection. Virol Sin 2017; 32:349-356. [PMID: 29116589 PMCID: PMC6704204 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-017-4073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are remarkable pathogens that have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade host immunity, ensuring their proliferation and egress. Among these mechanisms, herpesviruses utilize elaborate extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, for the intricate interplay between infected host and recipient cells. Herpesviruses incorporate genome expression products and direct cellular products into exosomal cargoes. These components alter the content and function of exosomes released from donor cells, thus affecting the downstream signalings of recipient cells. In this way, herpesviruses hijack exosomal pathways to ensure their survival and persistence, and exosomes are emerging as critical mediators for virus infection-associated intercellular communication and microenvironment alteration. In this review, the function and effects of exosomes in herpesvirus infection will be discussed, so that we will have a better understanding about the pathogenesis of herpesviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Faculty of Chemical, Environmental and Biological Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yan Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Lielian Zuo
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China
| | - Fanxiu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, 32306, USA
| | - Jianhong Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410080, China.
- Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, China.
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25
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Cohen M, Vistarop AG, Huaman F, Narbaitz M, Metrebian F, De Matteo E, Preciado MV, Chabay PA. Cytotoxic response against Epstein Barr virus coexists with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma tolerogenic microenvironment: clinical features and survival impact. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10813. [PMID: 28883511 PMCID: PMC5589929 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11052-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is present in neoplastic cells of 15% of Asian and Latin-American diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. Even though a tolerogenic microenvironment was recently described in DLBCL, little is known concerning immunomodulatory features induced by EBV. As suggested in Hodgkin lymphoma, EBV-specific cytotoxic T-cells are increased but showing immune exhaustion features. Hence, host immunity suppression may play a critical role in tumor progression. This study aimed to investigate, whether an association between tumor microenvironment features and EBV presence is taking place, and its clinical correlate. The incidence of EBV+DLBCL NOS was 12.6% in this cohort. Cytokine and chemokine transcripts expression and immunophenotype analysis showed that EBV infection was associated with increased gene expression of immunosuppressive cytokine (IL-10) together with increased CD8+ T-cells and granzyme B+ cytotoxic effector cells. However, this specific response coexists with a tolerogenic milieu, by PD-1 expression, in EBV+ and EBV-DLBCL cases. High PD-1+ cell counts, EBV presence and low CCL22 expression were associated with worse survival, supporting our hypothesis that EBV-specific response is mounted locally and its inhibition by, for example PD-1+ cells, may negatively affect outcome. The better understanding of the interplay between lymphoma cells and microenvironment in a viral framework could thereby facilitate the discovery of new targets for innovative anti-lymphoma treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Cohen
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Aldana G Vistarop
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fuad Huaman
- Histopathological Laboratory, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina Narbaitz
- Histopathological Laboratory, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Metrebian
- Histopathological Laboratory, National Academy of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Elena De Matteo
- Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Preciado
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola A Chabay
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Pathology Division, Ricardo Gutiérrez Children's Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Multidisciplinary Institute for Investigation in Pediatric Pathologies (IMIPP), CONICET-GCBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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26
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review summarizes the association of the different histotypes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated lymphomas with known genetic lesions and/or oncogenic viruses. A more comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay existing between genetic abnormalities of tumor cells and the viral contribution to the development of EBV-associated lymphomas is pivotal for the development of more effective treatments. RECENT FINDINGS Recent evidence indicates that HIV may contribute to lymphomagenesis by acting directly on B lymphocytes as a critical microenvironmental factor. The pathogenesis of EBV-associated lymphomas in patients with HIV infection is considered the result of the concerted action of different factors, mainly including impaired immune surveillance, genetic alterations, and concomitant viral infection (EBV and HIV). SUMMARY Immunodeficiency states usually increase susceptibility to cancer as a result of reduced immune surveillance and enhanced chances for virus-driven oncogenesis. Lymphoma remains the most frequent neoplastic cause of death among patients infected with HIV. Several of the HIV-associated lymphomas are related to EBV infection. EBV-associated lymphomas in patients infected with HIV are heterogeneous, not only pathologically but also in terms of pathogenetic pathways and cellular derivation.
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27
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Gallo A, Vella S, Miele M, Timoneri F, Di Bella M, Bosi S, Sciveres M, Conaldi PG. Global profiling of viral and cellular non-coding RNAs in Epstein-Barr virus-induced lymphoblastoid cell lines and released exosome cargos. Cancer Lett 2016; 388:334-343. [PMID: 27956246 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The human EBV-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), obtained by infecting peripheral blood monocular cells with Epstein-Barr Virus, has been extensively used for human genetic, pharmacogenomic, and immunologic studies. Recently, the role of exosomes has also been indicated as crucial in the crosstalk between EBV and the host microenvironment. Because the role that the LCL and LCL exosomal cargo might play in maintaining persistent infection, and since little is known regarding the non-coding RNAs of LCL, the aim of our work was the comprehensive characterization of this class of RNA, cellular and viral miRNAs, and cellular lncRNAs, in LCL compared with PBMC derived from the same donors. In this study, we have demonstrated, for the first time, that all the viral miRNAs expressed by LCL are also packaged in the exosomes, and we found that two miRNAs, ebv-miR-BART3 and ebv-miR-BHRF1-1, are more abundant in the exosomes, suggesting a microvescicular viral microRNA transfer. In addition, lncRNA profiling revealed that LCLs were enriched in lncRNA H19 and H19 antisense, and released these through exosomes, suggesting a leading role in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Gallo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Italy.
| | - Serena Vella
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Marco Sciveres
- Pediatric Hepatology and Liver Transplantation, IRCCS ISMETT, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Pier Giulio Conaldi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Advanced Biotechnologies, IRCCS-ISMETT (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad alta specializzazione), Italy; Fondazione Ri.MED, Italy
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28
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Carbone A, Gloghini A, Caruso A, De Paoli P, Dolcetti R. The impact of EBV and HIV infection on the microenvironmental niche underlying Hodgkin lymphoma pathogenesis. Int J Cancer 2016; 140:1233-1245. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Carbone
- Department of Pathology; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS, National Cancer Institute; Aviano PN Italy
| | - Annunziata Gloghini
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori; Milano Italy
| | - Arnaldo Caruso
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine; University of Brescia Medical School; Brescia Italy
| | - Paolo De Paoli
- Molecular Virology Unit and Scientific Directorate; Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS, National Cancer Institute; Aviano PN Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico - IRCCS; National Cancer Institute; Aviano PN Italy
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland; Brisbane QLD Australia
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29
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Cui X, Cao Z, Chen Q, Arjunaraja S, Snow AL, Snapper CM. Rabbits immunized with Epstein-Barr virus gH/gL or gB recombinant proteins elicit higher serum virus neutralizing activity than gp350. Vaccine 2016; 34:4050-5. [PMID: 27291087 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the primary cause of infectious mononucleosis and has been strongly implicated in the etiology of multiple epithelial and lymphoid cancers, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder. There is currently no licensed prophylactic vaccine for EBV. Most efforts to develop prophylactic vaccines have focused on EBV gp350, which binds to CD21/CD35 to gain entry into B cells, and is a major target of serum neutralizing antibody in EBV seropositive humans. However, a recombinant monomeric gp350 protein failed to prevent EBV infection in a phase II clinical trial. Thus, alternative or additional target antigens may be necessary for a successful prophylactic vaccine. EBV gH/gL and gB proteins coordinately mediate EBV fusion and entry into B cells and epithelial cells, strongly suggesting that vaccination with these proteins might elicit antibodies that will prevent EBV infection. We produced recombinant trimeric and monomeric EBV gH/gL heterodimeric proteins and a trimeric EBV gB protein, in addition to tetrameric and monomeric gp350(1-470) proteins, in Chinese hamster ovary cells. We demonstrated that vaccination of rabbits with trimeric and monomeric gH/gL, trimeric gB, and tetrameric gp350(1-470) induced serum EBV-neutralizing titers, using cultured human B cells, that were >100-fold, 20-fold, 18-fold, and 4-fold higher, respectively, than monomeric gp350(1-470). These data strongly suggest a role for testing EBV gH/gL and EBV gB in a future prophylactic vaccine to prevent EBV infection of B cells, as well as epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinle Cui
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Zhouhong Cao
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Quanyi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Swadhinya Arjunaraja
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Clifford M Snapper
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States.
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30
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Epstein-Barr Virus and Its Association with Oral Hairy Leukoplakia: A Short Review. Int J Dent 2016; 2016:4941783. [PMID: 27047546 PMCID: PMC4800082 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4941783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In immunocompromised subjects, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of terminally differentiated oral keratinocytes may result in subclinical productive infection of the virus in the stratum spinosum and in the stratum granulosum with shedding of infectious virions into the oral fluid in the desquamating cells. In a minority of cases this productive infection with dysregulation of the cell cycle of terminally differentiated epithelial cells may manifest as oral hairy leukoplakia. This is a white, hyperkeratotic, benign lesion of low morbidity, affecting primarily the lateral border of the tongue. Factors that determine whether productive EBV replication within the oral epithelium will cause oral hairy leukoplakia include the fitness of local immune responses, the profile of EBV gene expression, and local environmental factors.
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31
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Cárdenas D, Vélez G, Orfao A, Herrera MV, Solano J, Olaya M, Uribe AM, Saavedra C, Duarte M, Rodríguez M, López M, Fiorentino S, Quijano S. Epstein-Barr virus-specific CD8(+) T lymphocytes from diffuse large B cell lymphoma patients are functionally impaired. Clin Exp Immunol 2015; 182:173-83. [PMID: 26174440 PMCID: PMC4608507 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a persistent virus with oncogenic capacity that has been implicated in the development of aggressive B cell lymphomas, primarily in immunosuppressed individuals, although it can be present in immunocompetent individuals. Changes in the function and clonal diversity of T lymphocytes might be implied by viral persistence and lymphoma development. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency, phenotype, function and clonotypical distribution of EBV-specific T cells after peripheral blood stimulation with a virus lysate in newly diagnosed patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) aged more than 50 years without prior histories of clinical immunosuppression compared with healthy controls. Our results showed impaired EBV-specific immune responses among DLBCL patients that were associated primarily with decreased numbers of central and effector memory CD8(+) T lymphocytes. In contrast to healthy controls, only a minority of the patients showed CD4(+)/tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α(+) T cells expressing T cell receptor (TCR)-Vβ17 and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+) T cells with TCR-Vβ5·2, Vβ9 and Vβ18 in response to EBV. Notably, the production of TNF-α was undetectable among TCR-Vβ5·3(+), Vβ11(+), Vβ12(+), Vβ16(+) and Vβ23(+) CD8(+) T cells. In addition, we observed decreased numbers of CD4(+)/TNF-α(+) and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+), CD8(+)/interleukin (IL)-2(+) and CD8(+)/TNF-α(+)/IL-2(+) T lymphocytes in the absence of T cells capable of producing TNF-α, IL-2 and IFN-γ after EBV stimulation simultaneously. Moreover, DLBCL patients displayed higher IL-10 levels both under baseline conditions and after EBV stimulation. These findings were also observed in patients with positive EBV viral loads. Prospective studies including a large number of patients are needed to confirm these findings.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/virology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/blood
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/immunology
- Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/virology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/blood
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/immunology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/virology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Viral Load/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- D Cárdenas
- Grupo De Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular Departamento De Microbiología Facultad De Ciencias Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia
| | - G Vélez
- Grupo De Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular Departamento De Microbiología Facultad De Ciencias Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia
| | - A Orfao
- Servicio General De Citometría Y Departamento De Medicina, Centro De Investigación Del Cáncer (Instituto De Biología Molecular Y Celular Del Cáncer and IBSAL; CSIC-USAL), Universidad De SalamancaSalamanca, España
| | - M V Herrera
- Servicio De Hematología Hospital Universitario San Ignacio-Centro De Oncología Javeriano
| | - J Solano
- Servicio De Hematología Hospital Universitario San Ignacio-Centro De Oncología Javeriano
| | - M Olaya
- Departamento de Patología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
| | - A M Uribe
- Departamento de Patología, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio
| | - C Saavedra
- Grupo De Patología Fundación Santa Fe De Bogotá
| | - M Duarte
- Servicio De Hematología Fundación Santa Fe De BogotáBogotá, Colombia
| | - M Rodríguez
- Servicio De Hematología Fundación Santa Fe De BogotáBogotá, Colombia
| | - M López
- Fundación Cardiovascular De ColombiaFloridablanca, Colombia
| | - S Fiorentino
- Grupo De Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular Departamento De Microbiología Facultad De Ciencias Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia
| | - S Quijano
- Grupo De Inmunobiología Y Biología Celular Departamento De Microbiología Facultad De Ciencias Pontificia Universidad JaverianaBogotá, Colombia
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32
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Abstract
Several viruses with different replication mechanisms contribute to oncogenesis by both direct and indirect mechanisms in immunosuppressed subjects after solid organ transplantation, after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, or with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human papillomavirus (HPV), Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Merkel cell polyoma virus (MCV) are the main viruses associated with the development of cancer in immunosuppressed patients. Besides being a main cause of immunodeficiency, HIV1 has a direct pro-oncogenic effect. In this review, we provide an update on the association between the condition of acquired immunodeficiency and cancer risk, specifically addressing the contributions to oncogenesis of HPV, MCV, KSHV, HTLV-1, and EBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pierangeli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Antonelli
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Gentile
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Haematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
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Carbone A, Younes A. Lymphomas and microenvironment: Impact on lymphomagenesis. Foreword. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 34:1-2. [PMID: 26026591 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Carbone
- Department of Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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