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Speckhart SL, Oliver MA, Keane JA, Dias NW, Mercadante VRG, Biase FH, Ealy AD. Interleukin-6 supplementation improves bovine conceptus elongation and transcriptomic indicators of developmental competence†. Biol Reprod 2024; 111:43-53. [PMID: 38519105 PMCID: PMC11247277 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
A high incidence of pregnancy failures occurs in cattle during the second week of pregnancy as blastocysts transition into an elongated conceptus. This work explored whether interleukin-6 supplementation during in vitro embryo production would improve subsequent conceptus development. Bovine embryos were treated with 0 or 100 ng/mL recombinant bovine interleukin-6 beginning on day 5 post-fertilization. At day 7.5 post-fertilization, blastocysts were transferred into estrus synchronized beef cows (n = 5 recipients/treatment, 10 embryos/recipient). Seven days after transfer (day 14.5), cows were euthanized to harvest reproductive tracts and collect conceptuses. Individual conceptus lengths and stages were recorded before processing for RNA sequencing. Increases in conceptus recovery, length, and the proportion of tubular and filamentous conceptuses were detected in conceptuses derived from interleukin-6-treated embryos. The interleukin-6 treatment generated 591 differentially expressed genes in conceptuses (n = 9-10/treatment). Gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed changes in transcriptional regulation, DNA-binding, and antiviral actions. Only a few differentially expressed genes were associated with extraembryonic development, but several differentially expressed genes were associated with embryonic regulation of transcription, mesoderm and ectoderm development, organogenesis, limb formation, and somatogenesis. To conclude, this work provides evidence that interleukin-6 treatment before embryo transfer promotes pre-implantation conceptus development and gene expression in ways that resemble the generation of a robust conceptus containing favorable abilities to survive this critical period of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savannah L Speckhart
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Mary A Oliver
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Jessica A Keane
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nicholas W Dias
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Vitor R G Mercadante
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Fernando H Biase
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Alan D Ealy
- School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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2
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Keuls RA, Finnell RH, Parchem RJ. Maternal metabolism influences neural tube closure. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:539-553. [PMID: 37468429 PMCID: PMC10529122 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Changes in maternal nutrient availability due to diet or disease significantly increase the risk of neural tube defects (NTDs). Because the incidence of metabolic disease continues to rise, it is urgent that we better understand how altered maternal nutrient levels can influence embryonic neural tube development. Furthermore, primary neurulation occurs before placental function during a period of histiotrophic nutrient exchange. In this review we detail how maternal metabolites are transported by the yolk sac to the developing embryo. We discuss recent advances in understanding how altered maternal levels of essential nutrients disrupt development of the neuroepithelium, and identify points of intersection between metabolic pathways that are crucial for NTD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Keuls
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Departments of Molecular and Human Genetics and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Precision Environmental Health, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ronald J Parchem
- Development, Disease Models, and Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine. Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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3
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Wang X, Chen C, Wang L, Su Y, Li B, Xiao L, Lin Z, Sheng X, Qi X, Ni H, Guo Y. Specific activation of embryonic IFNAR1 and endometrial IFNAR2 induced by embryonic IFNτ directs normal uterine fate for bovine early implantation. J Reprod Immunol 2022; 153:103677. [PMID: 35907379 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-tau (IFNτ), as an antiluteolytic factor secreted by trophoderm during the pregnancy of ruminants, actually functions by activating the IFNτ receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and IFNτ receptor 2 (IFNAR2). However, it has not been clearly understood how IFNτ-IFNAR cascade regulation processes between the embryo and uterine epithelial cells in ruminants. In this study, we found the expression and location of IFNτ in the bovine blastocysts from different production sources. IFNτ, IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 were all located in the trophoblast cells of the blastocyst. However, the fluorescence intensity of IFNAR1 was consistent with that of IFNτ. Antagonizing the expressions of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 in embryos and co-culture with endometrial epithelium cells (EECs) reduced the expressions of Integrin αv β3, WNT7A, and ISG15 in EECs. Knocking out IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 reduce the expressions of Integrin αv β3 and WNT7A in EECs, the deletion of IFNAR2 gene has a greater impact than that of IFNAR1 gene. IFNAR1-/IFNAR2+ and IFNAR1+/IFNAR2- EECs were co-cultured with IVF embryos, the expression of Integrin αv β3 was inhibited, and the inhibition of IFNAR1+/IFNAR2- was much stronger, and the expression of WNT7A was not inhibited. The expressions of Integrin αv β3 and WNT7A did not change significantly after IFNAR1-/IFNAR2+ and IFNAR1+/IFNAR2- co-culture with PA embryos. All of these results strongly suggest that specific activation of embryonic IFNAR1 and endometrial IFNAR2 induced by embryonic IFNτ directs normal uterine preparation for bovine early implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangguo Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Chaolei Chen
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yunze Su
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Boyu Li
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Longfei Xiao
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zili Lin
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xihui Sheng
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hemin Ni
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yong Guo
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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4
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Adhikari B, Lee CN, Khadka VS, Deng Y, Fukumoto G, Thorne M, Caires K, Odani J, Mishra B. RNA-Sequencing based analysis of bovine endometrium during the maternal recognition of pregnancy. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:494. [PMID: 35799127 PMCID: PMC9264496 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08720-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal recognition is the crucial step for establishing pregnancy in cattle. This study aims to identify endometrial genes and biological pathways involved in the maternal recognition of pregnancy. Caruncular endometrial tissues were collected from Day 15-17 of gestation (pregnant), non-pregnant (absence of conceptus), and cyclic (non-bred) heifers. RESULTS Total RNAs were isolated from the caruncular endometrial tissues of pregnant, non-pregnant, and cyclic heifers, and were subjected to high-throughput RNA-sequencing. The genes with at least two-fold change and Benjamini and Hochberg p-value ≤ 0.05 were considered differentially expressed genes and further confirmed with quantitative real-time PCR. A total of 107 genes (pregnant vs cyclic) and 98 genes (pregnant vs non-pregnant) were differentially expressed in the pregnant endometrium. The most highly up-regulated genes in the pregnant endometrium were MRS2, CST6, FOS, VLDLR, ISG15, IFI6, MX2, C15H11ORF34, EIF3M, PRSS22, MS4A8, and TINAGL1. Interferon signaling, immune response, nutrient transporter, synthesis, and secretion of proteins are crucial pathways during the maternal recognition of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that the presence of conceptus at Day 15-17 of gestation affects the endometrial gene expression related to endometrial remodeling, immune response, nutrients and ion transporters, and relevant signaling pathways in the caruncular region of bovine endometrium during the maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Adhikari
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Chin N Lee
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Vedbar S Khadka
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Youping Deng
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Glen Fukumoto
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Mark Thorne
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Kyle Caires
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Jenee Odani
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
| | - Birendra Mishra
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Embryo-Maternal Communication under Healthy Conditions or Viral Infections: Lessons from a Bovine Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11121858. [PMID: 35740987 PMCID: PMC9221285 DOI: 10.3390/cells11121858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine mesenchymal stem cells are a relevant cell population found in the maternal reproductive tract that exhibits the immunomodulation capacity required to prevent embryo rejection. The phenotypic plasticity showed by both endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) and embryonic trophoblast through mesenchymal to epithelial transition and epithelial to mesenchymal transition, respectively, is essential for embryo implantation. Embryonic trophoblast maintains active crosstalk via EVs and soluble proteins with eMSC and peripheral blood MSC (pbMSC) to ensure the retention of eMSC in case of pregnancy and induce the chemotaxis of pbMSC, critical for successful implantation. Early pregnancy-related proteins and angiogenic markers are detected as cargo in EVs and the soluble fraction of the embryonic trophectoderm secretome. The pattern of protein secretion in trophectoderm-EVs changes depending on their epithelial or mesenchymal phenotype and due to the uptake of MSC EVs. However, the changes in this EV-mediated communication between maternal and embryonic MSC populations infected by viruses that cause abortions in cattle are poorly understood. They are critical in the investigation of reproductive viral pathologies.
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Ortega MS, Rizo JA, Drum JN, O'Neil EV, Pohler KG, Kerns K, Schmelze A, Green J, Spencer TE. Development of an Improved in vitro Model of Bovine Trophectoderm Differentiation. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2022.898808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating early stages of placentation and trophectoderm differentiation in the ruminant conceptus remain poorly understood. Here we present a model of trophectoderm (TE) differentiation in vitro from outgrowths of individual in vitro derived embryos. Cell outgrowths expressed markers of mononucleate (MNC) and binucleate (BNC) TE cells. The percentage of BNC ranged from 14 to 39% in individual outgrowths as determined by flow cytometry. Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs), produced by BNC, were measured in culture media on days 35 to 54. Continuous secretion of PAGs was observed and indicative of BNC functionality. Gene expression was evaluated in 20 embryo cell outgrowths derived from two different sires. Expression of HAND1, which is involved in TE differentiation, and CSH2, a BNC-specific gene, was altered in cell outgrowths between the two sires tested. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of day 40 TE cell outgrowths revealed 11 distinct cell populations, with specific clusters genes involved in TE lineage specification, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, whole -RNAseq analysis was performed in day 35 and 40 TE cell outgrowths and confirmed sustained expression of genes expressed by BNC, such as CSH2 and some PAGs. The developed in vitro bovine embryo outgrowth culture found evidence for MNC and BNC differentiation and continuous production of PAGs, recapitulating key features of early bovine placenta development. This model can be used to understand the developmental biology of TE cells, provide insights into paternal influences on TE differentiation, and impact our understanding of early pregnancy loss in cattle.
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Trophectoderm Transcriptome Analysis in LIN28 Knockdown Ovine Conceptuses Suggests Diverse Roles of the LIN28-let-7 Axis in Placental and Fetal Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11071234. [PMID: 35406798 PMCID: PMC8997724 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proper conceptus elongation in ruminants is critical for the successful placentation and establishment of pregnancy. We have previously shown that the trophectoderm-specific knockdown of LIN28A/B in day 9 ovine blastocysts resulted in increased let-7 miRNAs and reduced conceptus elongation at day 16 of gestation. In this current study, by transcriptome analysis of LIN28A knockdown (AKD) or LIN28B knockdown (BKD) trophectoderm (TE), we explored the downstream target genes of the LIN28-let-7 axis and their roles in the placental and fetal development. We identified 449 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in AKD TE and 1214 DEGs in BKD TE compared to non-targeting control (NTC). Our analysis further revealed that 210 downregulated genes in AKD TE and 562 downregulated genes in BKD TE were the potential targets of let-7 miRNAs. Moreover, 16 downregulated genes in AKD TE and 57 downregulated and 7 upregulated genes in BKD TE were transcription factors. The DEGs in AKD and BKD TE showed enrichment in the biological processes and pathways critical for placental development and function, and fetal development and growth. The results of this study suggest the potential roles of the LIN28-let-7 axis in placental and fetal development beyond its involvement in trophoblast proliferation and conceptus elongation.
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8
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Fiorenza MF, Amaral CDS, da Anunciação ARDA, Portela VVM, Marey MA, Miyamoto A, Antoniazzi AQ. Possible impact of neutrophils on immune responses during early pregnancy in ruminants. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210048. [PMID: 34745357 PMCID: PMC8562715 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between early embryo and maternal immune system for the establishment of pregnancy is the focus of several studies; however, it remains unclear. The maternal immune response needs to keep a balance between avoiding any damage to the conceptus and maintaining its function in combating microbes as well. When conceptus-maternal crosstalk cannot achieve this balance, pregnancy losses might occur. Intercommunication between mother and conceptus is fundamental during early pregnancy to dictate the outcome of pregnancy. In ruminants, the embryo reacts with the maternal system mainly via interferon tau (IFNT) release. IFNT can act locally on the embryo and endometrial cells and systemically in several tissues and cells to regulate their response via the expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Also, IFNT can induce the expression of inflammatory-related genes in immune cells. Day 7 embryo induces a shift in the maternal immune response towards anti-inflammatory (Th2) immune responses. During maternal recognition of pregnancy, peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) express markers that configure an anti-inflammatory response. However, PMNs response is more sensitive to the effects of IFNT. PMNs are more likely to express interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB), interleukin 10 (IL10), and arginase-1 (ARG1), configuring one of the most rapid immune responses to early pregnancy. This review focus on the local and peripheral immune responses during early pregnancy in ruminants, mainly the PMNs function in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariani Farias Fiorenza
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | - Carolina Dos Santos Amaral
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
| | | | | | - Mohammed Ali Marey
- Global Agromedicine Research Center, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan.,Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Global Agromedicine Research Center, Obihiro University of Agricultural and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Japan
| | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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The Importance of Interferon-Tau in the Diagnosis of Pregnancy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9915814. [PMID: 34513997 PMCID: PMC8429012 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9915814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Several decades of improving dairy cattle towards unilateral utilization of dairy cattle led to enormous progress in the field of milk yield; however, it resulted in a number of unfavorable features, such as reproductive disorders, increased calf mortality, and reduced health. Most cases of embryo loss and/or lost pregnancies occur during the first four to five weeks of gestation; accurate detection for pregnancy during this period is likely to contribute to an improvement in gestation rates. A specific protein, interferon-tau (IFNT), stimulates interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), and their expression increases during gestation within 21 days after insemination. In bovines, the early conceptus undergoes a phase of rapid growth and elongation before implantation, the latter occurring 2–3 weeks after fertilization. IFNT acts mainly in the endometrium of the luminal epithelium. It is a new type I interferon that regulates several genes encoding uterine-derived factors. They are crucial in the processes of preparing the uterus for placenta attachment, modifying the uterine immune system, and regulating early fetal development. Because IFNT is expressed and induces ISGs in the endometrium during pregnancy recognition, it was reasoned that surrogate markers for pregnancy or IFNT might be present in the blood and provide an indicator of pregnancy status in cattle.
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10
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Melo GD, Pinto LMF, Rocha CC, Motta IG, Silva LA, da Silveira JC, Gonella-Diaza AM, Binelli M, Pugliesi G. Type I interferon receptors and interferon-τ-stimulated genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes during early pregnancy in beef heifers. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 32:953-966. [PMID: 32646539 DOI: 10.1071/rd19430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study characterised the expression of interferon (IFN)-τ-stimulated genes (ISGs) and Type I IFN receptors in circulating polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) of beef heifers and compared it with expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) up to Day 20 of gestation. Nelore heifers (n=26) were subjected to fixed-time AI (FTAI) on Day 0. PMNs and PBMCs were isolated on Days 0, 10, 14, 16, 18 and 20 after FTAI. The abundance of target transcripts (ubiquitin-like protein (ISG15), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1), myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1), myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2), IFN receptor I (IFNAR1) and IFN receptor 2 (IFNAR2)) was determined using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared between pregnant (n=8) and non-pregnant (n=9) females. In both PBMCs and PMNs, ISG15 and OAS1 expression was greater in pregnant than non-pregnant heifers on Days 18 and 20. There were no significant differences in the expression of ISGs between PBMCs and PMNs. A time effect on expression was found for IFNAR1 in PBMCs and IFNAR2 in PMNs, with decreased expression of both genes on Days 18 and 20. When the expression of these genes was compared between cell types only in pregnant heifers, IFNAR2 expression in PMNs had an earlier decrease when compared to its expression in PBMCs, starting from Day 18. In conclusion, PMNs do not respond earlier to the conceptus stimulus, and ISG15 and OAS1 expression in both PMNs and PBMCs can be used as a suitable marker for pregnancy diagnosis on Days 18 and 20. In addition, gestational status did not affect IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 expression, but IFNAR2 showed a distinct response between PMNs and PBMCs of pregnant heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Melo
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, University of São Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - L M F Pinto
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, University of São Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - C C Rocha
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, University of São Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - I G Motta
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, University of São Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - L A Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, University of São Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - J C da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, University of São Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Gonella-Diaza
- North Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Marianna, 4932 Highway 162, Marianna, FL 32446, USA
| | - M Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - G Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Campus Fernando Costa, University of São Paulo, 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil; and Corresponding author.
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11
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Rocha CC, da Silveira JC, Forde N, Binelli M, Pugliesi G. Conceptus-modulated innate immune function during early pregnancy in ruminants: a review. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20200048. [PMID: 34122650 PMCID: PMC8189353 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the innate immune events modulated by conceptus signaling during early pregnancy in ruminants. Interferon-tau (IFN-τ) plays a role in the recognition of pregnancy in ruminants, which involves more than the inhibition of luteolytic pulses of PGF2α to maintain corpus luteum function. For successful pregnancy establishment, the allogenic conceptus needs to prevent rejection by the female. Therefore, IFN-τ exerts paracrine and endocrine actions to regulate the innate immune system and prevent conceptus rejection. Additionally, other immune regulators work in parallel with IFN-τ, such as the pattern recognition receptors (PRR). These receptors are activated during viral and bacterial infections and in early pregnancy, but it remains unknown whether PPR expression and function are controlled by IFN-τ. Therefore, this review focuses on the main components of the innate immune response that are involved with early pregnancy and their importance to avoid conceptus rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Constantino Rocha
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Juliano Coelho da Silveira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
| | - Niamh Forde
- Discovery and Translational Sciences Department, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brasil
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12
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Swegen A. Maternal recognition of pregnancy in the mare: does it exist and why do we care? Reproduction 2021; 161:R139-R155. [PMID: 33957605 PMCID: PMC8183633 DOI: 10.1530/rep-20-0437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maternal recognition of pregnancy (MRP) is a process by which an early conceptus signals its presence to the maternal system and prevents the lysis of the corpus luteum, thus ensuring a maternal milieu supportive of pregnancy continuation. It is a fundamental aspect of reproductive biology, yet in the horse, the mechanism underlying MRP remains unknown. This review seeks to address some of the controversies surrounding the evidence and theories of MRP in the equine species, such as the idea that the horse does not conform to the MRP paradigm established in other species or that equine MRP involves a mechanical, rather than chemical, signal. The review examines the challenges of studying this particularly clandestine phenomenon along with the new tools in scientific research that will drive this quest forward in coming years, and discusses the value of knowledge gleaned along this path in the context of clinical applications for improving breeding outcomes in the horse industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleona Swegen
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
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Bidarimath M, Lingegowda H, Miller JE, Koti M, Tayade C. Insights Into Extracellular Vesicle/Exosome and miRNA Mediated Bi-Directional Communication During Porcine Pregnancy. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:654064. [PMID: 33937376 PMCID: PMC8081834 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.654064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous fetal loss is one of the most important challenges that commercial pig industry is still facing in North America. Research over the decade provided significant insights into some of the associated mechanisms including uterine capacity, placental efficiency, deficits in vasculature, and immune-inflammatory alterations at the maternal-fetal interface. Pigs have unique epitheliochorial placentation where maternal and fetal layers lay in opposition without any invasion. This has provided researchers opportunities to accurately tease out some of the mechanisms associated with maternal-fetal interface adaptations to the constantly evolving needs of a developing conceptus. Another unique feature of porcine pregnancy is the conceptus derived recruitment of immune cells during the window of conceptus attachment. These immune cells in turn participate in pregnancy associated vascular changes and contribute toward tolerance to the semi-allogeneic fetus. However, the precise mechanism of how maternal-fetal cells communicate during the critical times in gestation is not fully understood. Recently, it has been established that bi-directional communication between fetal trophoblasts and maternal cells/tissues is mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes. These EVs are detected in a variety of tissues and body fluids and their role has been described in modulating several physiological and pathological processes including vascularization, immune-modulation, and homeostasis. Recent literature also suggests that these EVs (exosomes) carry cargo (nucleic acids, protein, and lipids) as unique signatures associated with some of the pregnancy associated pathologies. In this review, we provide overview of important mechanisms in porcine pregnancy success and failure and summarize current knowledge about the unique cargo containing biomolecules in EVs. We also discuss how EVs (including exosomes) transfer their contents into other cells and regulate important biological pathways critical for pregnancy success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjun Bidarimath
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Jessica E Miller
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madhuri Koti
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Chandrakant Tayade
- Department Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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14
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Amaral CS, Koch J, Correa Júnior EE, Bertolin K, Mujica LKS, Fiorenza MF, Rosa SG, Nogueira CW, Comim FV, Portela VVM, Gonçalves PBD, Antoniazzi AQ. Heat stress on oocyte or zygote compromises embryo development, impairs interferon tau production and increases reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in bovine embryos produced in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:899-909. [PMID: 32761819 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interferon tau (IFNT) is the cytokine responsible for the maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants and plays a role modulating embryo-maternal communication in the oviduct inducing a local response from immune cells. We aimed to investigate IFNT production, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress under the influence of heat stress (HS) during different stages of bovine in vitro embryo production. HS was established when the temperature was gradually raised from 38.5°C to 40.5°C in laboratory incubator, sustained for 6 hr, and decreased back to 38.5°C. To address the HS effects on IFNT production, reactive oxygen species, and oxidative stress, ovaries from a slaughterhouse were used according to treatments: control group (38.5°C); oocytes matured under HS; oocytes fertilized under HS; zygotes cultured in the first day under HS; and cells submitted to HS at oocyte maturation, fertilization, and the first day of zygote culture. The HS negatively affected cleavage and blastocyst rates, in all HS groups. On Day 7, all HS-treated embryos showed decrease IFNT gene and protein expressions, whereas reactive oxygen species were increased in comparison to the control. In conclusion, the compromised early embryo development due to higher temperatures during in vitro oocyte maturation, fertilization, and/or zygote stage have diminished IFNT expression and increased reactive oxygen species in bovine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S Amaral
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlia Koch
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eduardo E Correa Júnior
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kalyne Bertolin
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lady K S Mujica
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariani F Fiorenza
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Suzan G Rosa
- Synthesis, Reactivity and Organocalcogens Pharmacological and Toxicological Assessment Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristina W Nogueira
- Synthesis, Reactivity and Organocalcogens Pharmacological and Toxicological Assessment Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fábio V Comim
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Valério V M Portela
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo B D Gonçalves
- Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction Laboratory, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Q Antoniazzi
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Calle A, Gutiérrez-Reinoso MÁ, Re M, Blanco J, De la Fuente J, Monguió-Tortajada M, Borràs FE, Yáñez-Mó M, Ramírez MÁ. Bovine peripheral blood MSCs chemotax towards inflammation and embryo implantation stimuli. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1054-1067. [PMID: 32617972 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential in regenerative medicine because of their multipotential and immunoregulatory capacities, while in early pregnancy they could participate in the immunotolerance of the mother towards the embryo. Peripheral blood constitutes an accessible source of MSCs. We successfully isolated peripheral blood MSC (pbMSCs) lines, with or without previous bone marrow mobilization. All pbMSCs lines obtained in both conditions presented classical MSC markers and properties, alkaline phosphatase activity and multipotent capacity to differentiate among adipogenic, osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages, and suppressed the proliferation of T cells. pbMSCs showed migratory capacity without cytokine stimulation while increasing their migration rate in the presence of inflammatory or embryo implantation stimuli. Interestingly, in contrast to MSCs derived from endometrial tissue, three pbMSCs lines also showed increased migration towards the IFN-τ implantation cytokine. Moreover, the secretome produced by an early implantation stage embryonic trophectoderm cell line showed a chemoattractant effect in pbMSCs. Our results suggest that circulating MSCs are present in the peripheral blood under healthy conditions. The fact that both the inflammation and implantation signals induced pbMSCs chemotaxis highlights MSC heterogeneity and suggests that their migratory capacity may differ according to their tissue of origin and would suggest the possible active recruitment of MSCs from bone marrow during pregnancy to repress the immune response to prevent the embryo rejection by the maternal organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Calle
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Gutiérrez-Reinoso
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales, Carrera de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Técnica de Cotopaxi (UTC), Latacunga, Ecuador
| | - Michela Re
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blanco
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio De la Fuente
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR Group and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Institute & University Hospital, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Enric Borràs
- REMAR Group and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Institute & University Hospital, UAB, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBM-SO), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramírez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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16
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Ott TL. Immunological detection of pregnancy: Evidence for systemic immune modulation during early pregnancy in ruminants. Theriogenology 2020; 150:498-503. [PMID: 32331860 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian pregnancy creates unique challenges for immune systems highly evolved to detect and eliminate invading pathogens. Recognition of the challenges created by gestating a semi-allogeneic fetus evolved from the discipline of transplantation biology and were informed by studies on the unique natural parabiosis that occurs when female calves are gestated with twin male fetuses. These pregnancies typically result in an intersex female termed a freemartin, which revealed insights into development of the male and female reproductive tracts. However, they also uncovered important clues on immune tolerance with wide-ranging implications to reproductive biology, transplantation biology and autoimmune disease. Many studies focused on identifying mechanisms through which the fetus evades maternal immune detection and elimination. These included studies characterizing immune interactions between the fetus and mother at the nourishing interface of the placenta and uterine endometrium. This immunological forbearance only occurs under high concentrations of circulating progesterone. Beyond the requirement for progesterone, there has been considerable progress towards understanding the effects of conceptus signals on maternal immune function. One common theme is that pregnancy induces a T helper 2 immune bias as shown in several mammalian species, including domestic ruminants. However, a growing body of evidence shows that the fetus not only evades, but also provokes immune responses locally in the uterus and in peripheral tissues. This is perhaps most dramatically illustrated by domestic ruminants where the conceptus secretes a unique interferon in the opening salvo of hormonal communication with the maternal immune system. The role of interferon tau in regulating expression of genes of the innate immune system in the uterus has been extensively studied. More recently, it was determined that these same genes are also induced in peripheral immune cells and other tissues throughout the body. In addition to interferon tau and progesterone, pregnancy associate glycoproteins and chaperonin 10 (aka Early Pregnancy Factor) are implicated in altering immune function both locally and systemically during pregnancy. While it is tempting to speculate that this activation of innate immunity is designed to counteract selective immunosuppression, knowledge of the importance of local and systemic immune activation to the success of pregnancy remains incomplete. This area remains fertile ground for developing better approaches to diagnose and treat infertility in domestic farm species and humans alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy L Ott
- Department of Animal Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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17
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Trophectoderm-Specific Knockdown of LIN28 Decreases Expression of Genes Necessary for Cell Proliferation and Reduces Elongation of Sheep Conceptus. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072549. [PMID: 32268593 PMCID: PMC7177537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
LIN28 inhibits let-7 miRNA maturation which prevents cell differentiation and promotes proliferation. We hypothesized that the LIN28-let-7 axis regulates proliferation-associated genes in sheep trophectoderm in vivo. Day 9-hatched sheep blastocysts were incubated with lentiviral particles to deliver shRNA targeting LIN28 specifically to trophectoderm cells. At day 16, conceptus elongation was significantly reduced in LIN28A and LIN28B knockdowns. Let-7 miRNAs were significantly increased and IGF2BP1-3, HMGA1, ARID3B, and c-MYC were decreased in trophectoderm from knockdown conceptuses. Ovine trophoblast (OTR) cells derived from day 16 trophectoderm are a useful tool for in vitro experiments. Surprisingly, LIN28 was significantly reduced and let-7 miRNAs increased after only a few passages of OTR cells, suggesting these passaged cells represent a more differentiated phenotype. To create an OTR cell line more similar to day 16 trophectoderm we overexpressed LIN28A and LIN28B, which significantly decreased let-7 miRNAs and increased IGF2BP1-3, HMGA1, ARID3B, and c-MYC compared to control. This is the first study showing the role of the LIN28-let-7 axis in trophoblast proliferation and conceptus elongation in vivo. These results suggest that reduced LIN28 during early placental development can lead to reduced trophoblast proliferation and sheep conceptus elongation at a critical period for successful establishment of pregnancy.
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18
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Eozenou C, Lesage-Padilla A, Mauffré V, Healey GD, Camous S, Bolifraud P, Giraud-Delville C, Vaiman D, Shimizu T, Miyamoto A, Sheldon IM, Constant F, Pannetier M, Sandra O. FOXL2 is a Progesterone Target Gene in the Endometrium of Ruminants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041478. [PMID: 32098259 PMCID: PMC7073057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead Box L2 (FOXL2) is a member of the FOXL class of transcription factors, which are essential for ovarian differentiation and function. In the endometrium, FOXL2 is also thought to be important in cattle; however, it is not clear how its expression is regulated. The maternal recognition of pregnancy signal in cattle, interferon-Tau, does not regulate FOXL2 expression. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether the ovarian steroid hormones that orchestrate implantation regulate FOXL2 gene expression in ruminants. In sheep, we confirmed that FOXL2 mRNA and protein was expressed in the endometrium across the oestrous cycle (day 4 to day 15 post-oestrus). Similar to the bovine endometrium, ovine FOXL2 endometrial expression was low during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle (4 to 12 days post-oestrus) and at implantation (15 days post-oestrus) while mRNA and protein expression significantly increased during the luteolytic phase (day 15 post-oestrus in cycle). In pregnant ewes, inhibition of progesterone production by trilostane during the day 5 to 16 period prevented the rise in progesterone concentrations and led to a significant increase of FOXL2 expression in caruncles compared with the control group (1.4-fold, p < 0.05). Ovariectomized ewes or cows that were supplemented with exogenous progesterone for 12 days or 6 days, respectively, had lower endometrial FOXL2 expression compared with control ovariectomized females (sheep, mRNA, 1.8-fold; protein, 2.4-fold; cattle; mRNA, 2.2-fold; p < 0.05). Exogenous oestradiol treatments for 12 days in sheep or 2 days in cattle did not affect FOXL2 endometrial expression compared with control ovariectomized females, except at the protein level in both endometrial areas in the sheep. Moreover, treating bovine endometrial explants with exogenous progesterone for 48h reduced FOXL2 expression. Using in vitro assays with COS7 cells we also demonstrated that progesterone regulates the FOXL2 promoter activity through the progesterone receptor. Collectively, our findings imply that endometrial FOXL2 is, as a direct target of progesterone, involved in early pregnancy and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Eozenou
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
- Institut Pasteur, UMR 3738, Biologie du Développement et Cellules Souches, Laboratoire de Génétique du Développement Humain, 25 rue du docteur roux, F75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: (C.E.); (O.S.); Tel.: +33-144389136 (C.E.); +33-134642343 (O.S.)
| | - Audrey Lesage-Padilla
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Vincent Mauffré
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Gareth D. Healey
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (G.D.H.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Sylvaine Camous
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Philippe Bolifraud
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Corinne Giraud-Delville
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, UMR 8104 CNRS, Faculté René Descartes, 24 rue du Faubourg St Jacques, 75014 Paris, France;
| | - Takashi Shimizu
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Akio Miyamoto
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan; (T.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Iain Martin Sheldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK; (G.D.H.); (I.M.S.)
| | - Fabienne Constant
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Maëlle Pannetier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Olivier Sandra
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, ENVA, UVSQ, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.L.-P.); (V.M.); (S.C.); (P.B.); (C.G.-D.); (F.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.); (O.S.); Tel.: +33-144389136 (C.E.); +33-134642343 (O.S.)
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19
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Bridi A, Perecin F, da Silveira JC. Extracellular Vesicles Mediated Early Embryo-Maternal Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1163. [PMID: 32050564 PMCID: PMC7037557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryo-maternal crosstalk is an important event that involves many biological processes, which must occur perfectly for pregnancy success. This complex communication starts from the zygote stage within the oviduct and continues in the uterus up to the end of pregnancy. Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are part of this communication and carry bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids, mRNA, and miRNA. Small EVs are present in the oviductal and uterine fluid and have important functions during fertilization and early embryonic development. Embryonic cells are able to uptake oviductal and endometrium-derived small EVs. Conversely, embryo-derived EVs might modulate oviductal and uterine function. In this review, our aim is to demonstrate the role of extracellular vesicles modulating embryo-maternal interactions during early pregnancy.
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20
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Abstract
Early embryogenesis is characterized by the segregation of cell lineages that fulfill critical roles in the establishment of pregnancy and development of the fetus. The formation of the blastocyst marks the emergence of extraembryonic precursors, needed for implantation, and of pluripotent cells, which differentiate toward the major lineages of the adult organism. The coordinated emergence of these cell types shows that these processes are broadly conserved in mammals. However, developmental heterochrony and changes in gene regulatory networks highlight unique evolutionary adaptations that may explain the diversity in placentation and in the mechanisms controlling pluripotency in mammals. The incorporation of new technologies, including single-cell omics, imaging, and gene editing, is instrumental for comparative embryology. Broadening the knowledge of mammalian embryology will provide new insights into the mechanisms driving evolution and development. This knowledge can be readily translated into biomedical and biotechnological applications in humans and livestock, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Alberio
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
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21
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Chandrakar K, Jain A, Khan JR, Jain T, Singh M, Mishra OP. Molecular characterization and expression profile of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) in the endometrium of goat (Capra hircus). Theriogenology 2019; 142:348-354. [PMID: 31711698 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), a ubiquitin-like protein, is responsible for uterine receptivity, implantation and conceptus development in different ruminant species, but in goat (Capra hircus) its role is yet to be explicated. In the present study, the ISG15 gene was cloned, characterized and its temporal expression profile was examined in the endometrium of caprine (cp). A fragment of cpISG15 gene, 1033 bp in length, was amplified, cloned and sequenced from genomic DNA covering the coding region. Sequence analysis of cpISG15 gene revealed that it was comprised of two exons of 59 bp and 496 bp encoding a peptide of 157 amino acids. Complementary DNA (cDNA) and deduced amino acid sequences of cpISG15 exhibited 99 and 98, 93 and 88, 94 and 89, 76 and 66, and 73 and 62% identity with that of sheep, cattle, buffalo, human and mice, respectively. Further, relative expression of cpISG15 mRNA and protein was determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and Western blot, respectively, in the endometrium of pregnant and cyclic does. Both cpISG15 mRNA and protein were expressed maximally (P < 0.05) in the endometrium during early stage of pregnancy (16-24 d) as compared to cyclic does, but no significant difference was observed in cpISG15 mRNA and protein expression in the endometrium between the later stage of pregnancy (25-40 d) and cyclic does. It is concluded that cpISG15 is almost similar in structure and probably in function also to other species as it has been found significantly upregulated during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Chandrakar
- Veterinary Assistant Surgeon, Govt. of Chhattisgarh, Mahasamund, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - A Jain
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India.
| | - J R Khan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - T Jain
- Animal Biotechnology Centre, CGKV, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - M Singh
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - O P Mishra
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, CGKV, Anjora, Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
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22
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Dynamics of trophoblast differentiation in peri-implantation-stage human embryos. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:22635-22644. [PMID: 31636193 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1911362116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing of cells from cultured human blastocysts has enabled us to define the transcriptomic landscape of placental trophoblast (TB) that surrounds the epiblast and associated embryonic tissues during the enigmatic day 8 (D8) to D12 peri-implantation period before the villous placenta forms. We analyzed the transcriptomes of 3 early placental cell types, cytoTB (CTB), syncytioTB (STB), and migratoryTB (MTB), picked manually from cultured embryos dissociated with trypsin and were able to follow sublineages that emerged from proliferating CTB at the periphery of the conceptus. A unique form of CTB with some features of STB was detectable at D8, while mature STB was at its zenith at D10. A form of MTB with a mixed MTB/CTB phenotype arose around D10. By D12, STB generation was in decline, CTB had entered a new phase of proliferation, and mature MTB cells had begun to move from the main body of the conceptus. Notably, the MTB transcriptome at D12 indicated enrichment of transcripts associated with IFN signaling, migration, and invasion and up-regulation of HLA-C, HLA-E, and HLA-G. The STB, which is distinct from the STB of later villous STB, had a phenotype consistent with intense protein export and placental hormone production, as well as migration and invasion. The studies show that TB associated with human embryos is in rapid developmental flux during peri-implantation period when it must invade, signal robustly to the mother to ensure that the pregnancy continues, and make first contact with the maternal immune system.
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23
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The expression level of SOX2 at the blastocyst stage regulates the developmental capacity of bovine embryos up to day-13 of in vitro culture. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:398-404. [PMID: 31576792 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199419000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Quality of in vitro-produced embryos is influenced by changes in gene expression in response to adverse conditions. Gene markers for predicting 'good embryos' do not exist at present. We propose that the expression of pluripotency markers OCT4-SOX2-NANOG in D9 (day 9) bovine demi-embryos correlated with development at D13 (day 13). Day 8 in vitro-produced blastocysts were split in two cloned halves, one half (D9) was subjected to analysis of pluripotency markers and the other was kept in culture until D13 of development. Embryo development was scored and correlated with its own status at D9 and assigned to one of two categories: G1, arrested/dead; or G2, development up to D13. SOX2 and NANOG expression levels were significantly higher in embryos from G1 and there was also negative correlation between SOX2 and embryo survival to D13 (G3; r = -0.37; P = 0.03). We observed a significant reduction in the expression of the three studied genes from D9 to D13. Furthermore, there was a correlation between the expression of pluripotency markers at D9 and embryo diameter and the expression of trophoblastic markers at D13 (TP1-EOMES-FGF4-CDX2-TKDP1). Finally, the quotient between the relative expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in the D9 blastocysts from G1 and G2 showed that embryos that were considered as competent (G2) had a quotient close to one, while the other group had a quotient of 2.3 due to a higher expression of SOX2. These results might indicate that overexpression of SOX2 at the blastocyst stage had a negative effect on the control of embryonic developmental potential.
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Soares MJ, Varberg KM, Iqbal K. Hemochorial placentation: development, function, and adaptations. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:196-211. [PMID: 29481584 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Placentation is a reproductive adaptation that permits fetal growth and development within the protected confines of the female reproductive tract. Through this important role, the placenta also determines postnatal health and susceptibility to disease. The hemochorial placenta is a prominent feature in primate and rodent development. This manuscript provides an overview of the basics of hemochorial placental development and function, provides perspectives on major discoveries that have shaped placental research, and thoughts on strategies for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA and the Center for Perinatal Research, Children΄s Research Institute, Children΄s Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Kaela M Varberg
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Khursheed Iqbal
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
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25
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Milovanov AP, Fokina TV. [The decisive importance of constitutional interferons in human and animal ontogenesis]. Arkh Patol 2019; 80:68-72. [PMID: 30585596 DOI: 10.17116/patol20188006168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical publications contain little information on the constitutional (endogenous) interferons (IFNs) produced by different cells without prior exposure to viruses and oncogenic factors. Literature analysis has provided a generalized concept that these interferons play different functional roles according to ontogenetic stages. The maximum production of high-molecular- weight immature forms of IFNα/β was detected in the embryos of mice, Syrian hamsters, and humans and in the syncytiotrophoblast of placental villi. This is due to the direct involvement of IFNs in embryogenesis and fetogenesis. They also afford first-line antiviral and anti-oncogenic protection. In the late fetal and neonatal periods, IFN levels fall, rising slightly during the second year of life. In human adults, the organs consist of a branched network of cell producers of low concentrations of constitutional IFNs that carry out autocrine priming of cells for rapid and adequate volume synthesis of IFN during viral infection. Main publications on the ontogenesis of the IFN system came out in the 1980-1990; in recent years their number has decreased dramatically. It is necessary to increase the number of such studies, because they are fundamental to many branches of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Milovanov
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Fokina
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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26
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Biase FH, Hue I, Dickinson SE, Jaffrezic F, Laloe D, Lewin HA, Sandra O. Fine-tuned adaptation of embryo-endometrium pairs at implantation revealed by transcriptome analyses in Bos taurus. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000046. [PMID: 30978203 PMCID: PMC6481875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between embryo and endometrium at implantation are critical for the progression of pregnancy. These reciprocal actions involve exchange of paracrine signals that govern implantation and placentation. However, it remains unknown how these interactions between the conceptus and the endometrium are coordinated at the level of an individual pregnancy. Under the hypothesis that gene expression in endometrium is dependent on gene expression of extraembryonic tissues and genes expressed in extraembryonic tissues are dependent of genes expressed in the endometrium, we performed an integrative analysis of transcriptome profiles of paired extraembryonic tissue and endometria obtained from cattle (Bos taurus) pregnancies initiated by artificial insemination. We quantified strong dependence (|r| > 0.95, empirical false discovery rate [eFDR] < 0.01) in transcript abundance of genes expressed in the extraembryonic tissues and genes expressed in the endometrium. The profiles of connectivity revealed distinct coexpression patterns of extraembryonic tissues with caruncular and intercaruncular areas of the endometrium. Notably, a subset of highly coexpressed genes between extraembryonic tissue (n = 229) and caruncular areas of the endometrium (n = 218, r > 0.9999, eFDR < 0.001) revealed a blueprint of gene expression specific to each pregnancy. Gene ontology analyses of genes coexpressed between extraembryonic tissue and endometrium revealed significantly enriched modules with critical contribution for implantation and placentation, including “in utero embryonic development,” “placenta development,” and “regulation of transcription.” Coexpressing modules were remarkably specific to caruncular or intercaruncular areas of the endometrium. The quantitative association between genes expressed in extraembryonic tissue and endometrium emphasize a coordinated communication between these two entities in mammals. We provide evidence that implantation in mammalian pregnancy relies on the ability of the extraembryonic tissue and the endometrium to develop a fine-tuned adaptive response characteristic of each pregnancy. An integrative analysis of interactions between conceptus and endometrium, in cattle, reveals complex regulatory networks operating at the time of implantation, highlighting the unique transcriptional blueprint of conceptus-maternal communication Implantation in mammals requires a complex crosstalk between the conceptus (the embryo and associated membranes) and the uterus. An imbalanced regulation of the factors contributing to these interactions has negative impacts on the attachment of the fetus, the progression of the pregnancy, and the progeny. Focusing on paired conceptus–endometrium analyses of individual pregnancies in cows, we have determined that communication at implantation encompasses synchronized genome-wide coregulation of genes. Gene regulatory interactions between one conceptus and the surrounding maternal tissue vary between endometrial regions containing or lacking glands. Our data reveal new insights, to our knowledge, on the coordination of molecular mechanisms that contribute to implantation and pregnancy establishment in mammals. We conclude that the biological response of the endometrium is embryo-specific, a phenomenon that deserves further investigation in the context of assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando H. Biase
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (FB); (OS)
| | - Isabelle Hue
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Sarah E. Dickinson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Florence Jaffrezic
- UMR1313 GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Denis Laloe
- UMR1313 GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Harris A. Lewin
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Olivier Sandra
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- * E-mail: (FB); (OS)
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Calle A, López-Martín S, Monguió-Tortajada M, Borràs FE, Yáñez-Mó M, Ramírez MÁ. Bovine endometrial MSC: mesenchymal to epithelial transition during luteolysis and tropism to implantation niche for immunomodulation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:23. [PMID: 30635057 PMCID: PMC6330450 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1129-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The uterus is a histologically dynamic organ, and the mechanisms coordinating its regeneration during the oestrous cycle and implantation are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to isolate, immortalize and characterize bovine endometrial mesenchymal stem cell (eMSC) lines from different oestrous cycle stages (embryo in the oviduct, embryo in the uterus or absence of embryo) and examine their migratory and immunomodulatory properties in an inflammatory or implantation-like environment, as well as possible changes in cell transdifferentiation. Methods eMSCs were isolated and analysed in terms of morphological features, expression of cell surface and intracellular markers of pluripotency, inmunocytochemical analyses, alkaline phosphatase activity, proliferation and osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation capacities, as well as their ability to migrate in response to inflammatory (TNF-α or IL-1β) or implantation (IFN-τ) cytokines and their immunomodulatory effect in the proliferation of T cells. Results All eMSCs showed MSC properties such as adherence to plastic, high proliferative capacity, expression of CD44 and vimentin, undetectable expression of CD34 or MHCII, positivity for Pou5F1 and alkaline phosphatase activity. In the absence of an embryo, eMSC showed an apparent mesenchymal to epithelial transition state. eMSC during the entire oestrous cycle differentiated to osteogenic or chondrogenic lineages, showed the ability to suppress T cell proliferation and showed migratory capacity towards pro-inflammatory signal, while responded with a block in their migration to the embryo-derived pregnancy signal. Conclusion This study describes for the first time the isolation, immortalization and characterization of bovine mesenchymal stem cell lines from different oestrous cycle stages, with a clear mesenchymal pattern and immunomodulatory properties. Our study also reports that the migratory capacity of the eMSC was increased towards an inflammatory niche but was reduced in response to the expression of implantation cytokine by the embryo. The combination of both signals (pro-inflammatory and implantation) would ensure the retention of eMSC in case of pregnancy, to ensure the immunomodulation necessary in the mother for embryo survival. In addition, in the absence of an embryo, eMSC showed an apparent mesenchymal to epithelial transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Calle
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Monguió-Tortajada
- REMAR Group and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Institute & University Hospital, UAB, Badalona, Spain
| | - Francesc Enric Borràs
- REMAR Group and Nephrology Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Health Science Institute & University Hospital, UAB, Badalona, Spain.,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, UAM, Madrid, Spain.,CBM-SO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Ramírez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Avenida Puerta de Hierro 12, local 10, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Lopes MG, Dominguez JHE, Corrêa MN, Schmitt E, Fischer G. Rumen-protected methionine in cattle: influences on reproduction, immune response, and productive performance. ARQUIVOS DO INSTITUTO BIOLÓGICO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1808-1657001292018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Nowadays, information and knowledge generated about the main ingredients used in cattle diets have enabled greater assertiveness in their formulation. Among the ingredients, amino acids stand out as a promising tool, capable of reducing total crude protein (CP) levels and adjusting optimal metabolizable protein concentrations in diets. Nutritional programs allow diets due to amino acid requirements, providing the opportunity to increase the efficiency of the use of dietary nitrogen, increasing the scarce protein concentrates, maintaining or even boosting performance. This review aimed to present the influences of methionine, in its formulation protected from ruminal degradation, according to reproductive parameters, immune response, and productive performance in cattle. Reproduction-related benefits are linked to the early days of embryonic implantation in the uterine environment, which initially secretes through the histotroph produced by endometrial glands, the nutrients needed to develop the conceptus until implantation, and vascular communication with the mother. Given the immune response, the main results are related to the benefits of innate immunity, with marked increase in phagocytic capacity of neutrophils and monocytes, as well as an important antioxidant effect mediated by methionine products, such as glutathione. When evaluating the influences on productivity, the most evident correlation is the increase in protein in the milk of cows supplemented with methionine. Over the past decade, studies investigating the potential benefits of this strategic supplementation in beef cattle were intensified, expanding the opportunities for the development of new experimental projects.
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29
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Bridi A, Bertolin K, Rissi VB, Mujica LKS, Glanzner WG, de Macedo MP, Comim FV, Gonçalves PBD, Antoniazzi AQ. Parthenogenetic bovine embryos secrete type I interferon capable of stimulating ISG15 in luteal cell culture. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:1268-1277. [PMID: 34221141 PMCID: PMC8203113 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2018-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon tau (IFNT) is the pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants and is secreted by
trophoblast cells. Paracrine action in the endometrium is well established by inhibiting
luteolytic pulses of prostaglandin F2 alpha. Recently, endocrine action was documented
in the corpus luteum, blood cell and liver. It was hypothesized that conditioned medium (CM)
obtained from days 7, 9 and 12 parthenogenetic embryos alters luteal cell gene expression.
The aim was to establish a bovine mixed luteal cell culture to evaluate cellular response associated
to interferon stimulated genes, steroidogenesis and apoptosis. Conditioned medium was
obtained from Days 7, 9 and 12 parthenogenetic (PA) embryos culture. Moreover, antiviral
assay was performed on CM from Days 7, 9 and 12 to verify Type I interferon activity. Luteal cell
culture was validated by steroidogenic and apoptotic genes (CYP11A1
, HSD3B1, BAX, BCL2, AKT and
XIAP mRNA expression), and concentration of progesterone as endpoint. Luteal
cell culture was treated with interferon alpha (IFNA) and CM from parthenogenetic embryos.
Antiviral assay revealed Type I interferon activity on CM from embryos increasing on Days
9 and 12. ISG15 mRNA was greater in the mixed luteal cells culture treated
with 1, 10 and 100ng/ml of interferon alpha (IFNA) and also on Days 7, 9 and 12 CM treatments.
Concentration of progesterone was not altered in luteal cell culture regardless of treatments.
Steroidogenic and apoptotic genes were similar among groups in luteal cell culture treated
with different doses of IFNA or CM from PA embryos. In conclusion, parthenogenetic embryo-derived
CM has antiviral activity, luteal cell culture respond to Type I interferon by expressing
IGS15. These data indicate this model can be used for IFNT endocrine signaling studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bridi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kalyne Bertolin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitor B Rissi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Lady K S Mujica
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Werner G Glanzner
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariana P de Macedo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio V Comim
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo B D Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Q Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Department of Large Animal Clinical Science, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Ealy AD, Wooldridge LK. The evolution of interferon-tau. Reproduction 2018; 154:F1-F10. [PMID: 28982935 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years ago, a novel type I interferon (IFN) was identified by molecular cloning of cDNA libraries constructed from RNA extracted from ovine and bovine pre-implantation embryos. This protein was eventually designated as IFN-tau (IFNT) to highlight its trophoblast-dependent expression. IFNT function is not immune related. Instead, it interacts with the maternal system to initiate the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. This activity is indispensable for the continuation of pregnancy. Our review will describe how IFNT evolved from other type I IFNs to function in this new capacity. IFNT genes have only been identified in pecoran ruminants within the Artiodactyla order (e.g. cattle, sheep, goats, deer, antelope, giraffe). The ancestral IFNT gene emerged approximately 36 million years ago most likely from rearrangement and/or insertion events that combined an ancestral IFN-omega (IFNW) gene with a trophoblast-specifying promoter/enhancer. Since then, IFNT genes have duplicated, likely through conversion events, and mutations have allowed them to adapt to their new function in concert with the emergence of different species. Multiple IFNT polymorphisms have been identified in cattle, sheep and goats. These genes and gene alleles encode proteins that do not display identical antiviral, antiproliferative and antiluteolytic activities. The need for multiple IFNT genes, numerous alleles and distinct activities remains debatable, but the consensus is that this complexity in IFNT expression and biological activity must be needed to provide the best opportunity for pregnancy to be recognized by the maternal system so that gestation may continue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan D Ealy
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Lydia K Wooldridge
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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Moraes JGN, Behura SK, Geary TW, Hansen PJ, Neibergs HL, Spencer TE. Uterine influences on conceptus development in fertility-classified animals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1749-E1758. [PMID: 29432175 PMCID: PMC5828633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721191115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A major unresolved issue is how the uterus influences infertility and subfertility in cattle. Serial embryo transfer was previously used to classify heifers as high-fertile (HF), subfertile (SF), or infertile (IF). To assess pregnancy loss, two in vivo-produced embryos were transferred into HF, SF, and IF heifers on day 7, and pregnancy outcome was assessed on day 17. Pregnancy rate was substantially higher in HF (71%) and SF (90%) than IF (20%) heifers. Elongating conceptuses were about twofold longer in HF than SF heifers. Transcriptional profiling detected relatively few differences in the endometrium of nonpregnant HF, SF, and IF heifers. In contrast, there was a substantial difference in the transcriptome response of the endometrium to pregnancy between HF and SF heifers. Considerable deficiencies in pregnancy-dependent biological pathways associated with extracellular matrix structure and organization as well as cell adhesion were found in the endometrium of SF animals. Distinct gene expression differences were also observed in conceptuses from HF and SF animals, with many of the genes decreased in SF conceptuses known to be embryonic lethal in mice due to defects in embryo and/or placental development. Analyses of biological pathways, key players, and ligand-receptor interactions based on transcriptome data divulged substantial evidence for dysregulation of conceptus-endometrial interactions in SF animals. These results support the ideas that the uterus impacts conceptus survival and programs conceptus development, and ripple effects of dysregulated conceptus-endometrial interactions elicit loss of the postelongation conceptus in SF cattle during the implantation period of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao G N Moraes
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Thomas W Geary
- Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Miles City, MT 59301
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Holly L Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211;
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TOJI N, KOSHI K, FURUSAWA T, TAKAHASHI T, ISHIGURO-OONUMA T, KIZAKI K, HASHIZUME K. A cell-based interferon-tau assay with an interferon-stimulated gene 15 promoter . Biomed Res 2018; 39:13-20. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.39.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki TOJI
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
- The United Graduate School of Vaterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Katsuo KOSHI
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Tadashi FURUSAWA
- Division of Animal Sciences, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
| | - Toru TAKAHASHI
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
- The United Graduate School of Vaterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Toshina ISHIGURO-OONUMA
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
- The United Graduate School of Vaterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Keiichiro KIZAKI
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
- The United Graduate School of Vaterinary Sciences, Gifu University
| | - Kazuyoshi HASHIZUME
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
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Pinaffi FLV, Araujo ER, Ginther OJ. Concentrations of a PGF2α metabolite during pregnancy on the days that luteolysis occurs in nonbred heifers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2018; 62:76-82. [PMID: 29141236 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Concentrations of a metabolite of PGF2α (PGFM) were compared between nonbred (n = 6) and pregnant (n = 8) heifers on days 16, 17, and 18 postovulation. On each day, an 8-h session of hourly blood sampling was done. Averaged over the 8-h sessions, mean concentration of PGFM was less (P < 0.0009) in the pregnant group (45.2 ± 3.2 pg/mL) than that in the nonbred group (65.6 ± 7.9 pg/mL), but the minimal concentration per session was not significantly different between groups. Pulses of PGFM (identified by coefficient of variance) were similar in frequency between groups but were less (P < 0.03) prominent at the peak in the pregnant group (60.0 ± 5.3 pg/mL) than that in the nonbred group (92.8 ± 10.7 pg/mL). These results indicated similarity between groups in frequency and initial development of a PGFM pulse but without later development and a reduction in prominence in the pregnant group. The progesterone response to a PGFM pulse of similar prominence was made before the beginning of luteolysis in individuals in the nonbred group and during the hourly sessions on days 16 to 18 in the pregnant group. Progesterone concentration in the nonbred group decreased (P < 0.05) during 2 h before the PGFM peak (8.8 ± 1.6 to 5.6 ± 1.0 ng/mL) and rebounded (P < 0.05) completely during the 2 h after the peak (5.6 ± 1.0 to 9.6 ± 2.2 ng/mL). A transient progesterone decrease during a similar PGFM pulse and similar initial progesterone concentration did not occur in the pregnant group. Results supported the hypotheses that (1) pregnant heifers have identifiable but less prominent PGFM pulses during the days that luteolysis occurs in nonbred heifers and (2) the corpus luteum locally resists the luteolytic effect of PGF2α in pregnant heifers before the days of onset of luteolysis in nonbred heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- F L V Pinaffi
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - E R Araujo
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin 53528, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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34
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Lesage-Padilla A, Forde N, Poirée M, Healey GD, Giraud-Delville C, Reinaud P, Eozenou C, Vitorino Carvalho A, Galio L, Raliou M, Oudin JF, Richard C, Sheldon IM, Charpigny G, Lonergan P, Sandra O. Maternal metabolism affects endometrial expression of oxidative stress and FOXL2 genes in cattle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189942. [PMID: 29281695 PMCID: PMC5744954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Intensive selection for milk production has led to reduced reproductive efficiency in high-producing dairy cattle. The impact of intensive milk production on oocyte quality as well as early embryo development has been established but few analyses have addressed this question at the initiation of implantation, a critical milestone ensuring a successful pregnancy and normal post-natal development. Our study aimed to determine if contrasted maternal metabolism affects the previously described sensory properties of the endometrium to the conceptus in cattle. Following embryo transfer at Day 7 post-oestrus, endometrial caruncular (CAR) and intercaruncular (ICAR) areas were collected at Day 19 from primiparous postpartum Holstein-Friesian cows that were dried-off immediately after parturition (i.e., never milked; DRY) or milked twice daily (LACT). Gene quantification indicated no significant impact of lactation on endometrial expression of transcripts previously reported as conceptus-regulated (PLET1, PTGS2, SOCS6) and interferon-tau stimulated (RSAD2, SOCS1, SOCS3, STAT1) factors or known as female hormone-regulated genes (FOXL2, SCARA5, PTGS2). Compared with LACT cows, DRY cows exhibited mRNA levels with increased expression for FOXL2 transcription factor and decreased expression for oxidative stress-related genes (CAT, SOD1, SOD2). In vivo and in vitro experiments highlighted that neither interferon-tau nor FOXL2 were involved in transcriptional regulation of CAT, SOD1 and SOD2. In addition, our data showed that variations in maternal metabolism had a higher impact on gene expression in ICAR areas. Collectively, our findings prompt the need to fully understand the extent to which modifications in endometrial physiology drive the trajectory of conceptus development from implantation onwards when maternal metabolism is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niamh Forde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mélanie Poirée
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Gareth D. Healey
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Caroline Eozenou
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | - Laurent Galio
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Mariam Raliou
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | | | | | - I. Martin Sheldon
- Institute of Life Science, Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Olivier Sandra
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
- * E-mail:
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LEFTY2 inhibits endometrial receptivity by downregulating Orai1 expression and store-operated Ca 2+ entry. J Mol Med (Berl) 2017; 96:173-182. [PMID: 29230527 PMCID: PMC5778154 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-017-1610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Early embryo development and endometrial differentiation are initially independent processes, and synchronization, imposed by a limited window of implantation, is critical for reproductive success. A putative negative regulator of endometrial receptivity is LEFTY2, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β family. LEFTY2 is highly expressed in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, coinciding with the closure of the window of implantation. Here, we show that flushing of the uterine lumen in mice with recombinant LEFTY2 inhibits the expression of key receptivity genes, including Cox2, Bmp2, and Wnt4, and blocks embryo implantation. In Ishikawa cells, a human endometrial epithelial cell line, LEFTY2 downregulated the expression of calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1, encoded by ORAI1, and inhibited store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Furthermore, LEFTY2 and the Orai1 blockers 2-APB, MRS-1845, as well as YM-58483, inhibited, whereas the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, strongly upregulated COX2, BMP2 and WNT4 expression in decidualizing HESCs. These findings suggest that LEFTY2 closes the implantation window, at least in part, by downregulating Orai1, which in turn limits SOCE and antagonizes expression of Ca2+-sensitive receptivity genes. Key messages •Endometrial receptivity is negatively regulated by LEFTY2. •LEFTY2 inhibits the expression of key murine receptivity genes, including Cox2, Bmp2and Wnt4, and blocks embryo implantation. •LEFTY2 downregulates the expression of Orai1 and inhibits SOCE. •LEFTY2 and the Orai1 blockers 2-APB, MRS-1845, and YM-58483 inhibit COX2, BMP2, and WNT4 expression in endometrial cells. •Targeting LEFTY2 and Orai1 may represent a novel approach for treating unexplained infertility. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00109-017-1610-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Forde N, Lonergan P. Interferon-tau and fertility in ruminants. Reproduction 2017; 154:F33-F43. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of pregnancy in domestic ruminants includes pregnancy recognition signalling by the conceptus, implantation and placentation. Despite the high fertilisation success rate in ruminants, a significant amount of embryo loss occurs, primarily during early gestation. Interferon-tau (IFNT), a type I interferon that is exclusively secreted by the cells of the trophectoderm of the ruminant conceptus, has been recognised as the primary agent for maternal recognition of pregnancy in ruminants. It produces its antiluteolytic effect on the corpus luteum by inhibiting the expression of oxytocin receptors in the uterine epithelial cells, which prevents pulsatile, luteolytic secretion of prostaglandin F2α by the uterine endometrium. While the importance of IFNT in maternal recognition of pregnancy and prevention of luteolysis in ruminants is unequivocal, important questions, for example, relating to the threshold level of IFNT required for pregnancy maintenance, remain unanswered. This paper reviews data linking IFNT with measures of fertility in ruminants.
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Ezashi T, Imakawa K. Transcriptional control of IFNT expression. Reproduction 2017; 154:F21-F31. [PMID: 28982936 PMCID: PMC5687277 DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Once interferon-tau (IFNT) had been identified as a type I IFN in sheep and cattle and its functions were characterized, numerous studies were conducted to elucidate the transcriptional regulation of this gene family. Transfection studies performed largely with human choriocarcinoma cell lines identified regulatory regions of the IFNT gene that appeared responsible for trophoblast-specific expression. The key finding was the recognition that the transcription factor ETS2 bound to a proximal region within the 5'UTR of a bovine IFNT and acted as a strong transactivator. Soon after other transcription factors were identified as cooperative partners. The ETS2-binding site and the nearby AP1 site enable response to intracellular signaling from maternal uterine factors. The AP1 site also serves as a GATA-binding site in one of the bovine IFNT genes. The homeobox-containing transcription factor, DLX3, augments IFNT expression combinatorially with ETS2. CDX2 has also been identified as transactivator that binds to a separate site upstream of the main ETS2 enhancer site. CDX2 participates in IFNT epigenetic regulation by modifying histone acetylation status of the gene. The IFNT downregulation at the time of the conceptus attachment to the uterine endometrium appears correlated with the increased EOMES expression and the loss of other transcription coactivators. Altogether, the studies of transcriptional control of IFNT have provided mechanistic evidence of the regulatory framework of trophoblast-specific expression and critical expression pattern for maternal recognition of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Ezashi
- Bond Life Sciences Center and Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211 USA
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Medical Sciences and Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Hansen TR, Sinedino LDP, Spencer TE. Paracrine and endocrine actions of interferon tau (IFNT). Reproduction 2017; 154:F45-F59. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on the paracrine and endocrine actions of interferon tau (IFNT) during pregnancy recognition and establishment in ruminants. Pregnancy recognition involves the suppression of the endometrial luteolytic mechanism by the conceptus to maintain progesterone production by the corpus luteum (CL). The paracrine antiluteolytic effects of conceptus-derived IFNT inhibit upregulation of oxytocin receptors in the endometrial epithelia of the uterus, thereby preventing the production of luteolytic prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) pulses. In the endometrium, IFNT induces or upregulates a large number of classical IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and regulates expression of many other genes in a cell-specific manner that are likely important for conceptus elongation, implantation and establishment of pregnancy. Further, IFNT has endocrine effects on extrauterine cells and tissues. In sheep, IFNT induces luteal resistance to PGF2α, thereby ensuring survival of the CL for maintenance of pregnancy. The ISGs induced in circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells by IFNT may also be useful as an indicator of pregnancy status in cattle. An increased knowledge of IFNT and ISGs is important to improve the reproductive efficiency in ruminants.
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Toji N, Shigeno S, Kizaki K, Koshi K, Matsuda H, Hashiyada Y, Imai K, Takahashi T, Ishiguro-Oonuma T, Hashizume K. Evaluation of interferon-stimulated genes in peripheral blood granulocytes as sensitive responders to bovine early conceptus signals. Vet J 2017; 229:37-44. [PMID: 29183572 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of gestation is important in the bovine industry. New methods have been developed to detect gene expression in leucocytes induced by interferon-tau (IFNT) as gestation biomarkers. However, it is debatable which blood cell is suitable for detecting gene expression. This study was aimed at confirming whether granulocytes respond to IFNT specifically. Granulocytes and mononuclear cells (MNCs) from cows, and several types of bovine cultured cells, were treated with recombinant (r) IFNT and gene expression was analysed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR and microarray analysis. Expression levels of IFN receptors (R1 and R2) were approximately 30- to 900-fold higher in granulocytes than in other cultured cells, and 1.5- to 2.5-fold higher in MNCs than in granulocytes. Microarray analysis following a 2h recombinant IFNT (rIFNT) treatment revealed expression changes for 900 genes in granulocytes. Genes with expression changes included known IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs; ISG15, OAS1, MX1, and MX2). Eighteen genes were selected following granulocyte microarray analysis and their expression changes were confirmed in early gestation, which revealed that nine genes had significantly higher expression levels in pregnant than in non-pregnant animals. In conclusion, granulocytes specifically responded to rIFNT treatment and the resulting gene expression changes correlated with those in vivo. Microarray analysis indicated that various genes showed expression changes in rIFNT-treated granulocytes, which may result in the identification of alternate candidate genes for the early detection of gestation. These results strongly indicate that gene expression in granulocytes is a suitable tool to determine pregnancy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Toji
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1112, Japan
| | - S Shigeno
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - K Kizaki
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1112, Japan
| | - K Koshi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - H Matsuda
- National Livestock Breeding Centre, 1 Odakurahara, Nishigo, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - Y Hashiyada
- National Livestock Breeding Centre, 1 Odakurahara, Nishigo, Fukushima 961-8511, Japan
| | - K Imai
- Department of Sustainable Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences, Rakuno Gakuen University, 582 Midorimachi, Bunkyodai, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1112, Japan
| | - T Ishiguro-Oonuma
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan; The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu 501-1112, Japan
| | - K Hashizume
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan.
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Thakur N, Singh G, Paul A, Bharati J, Rajesh G, GM V, Chouhan V, Bhure S, Maurya V, Singh G, Sarkar M. Expression and molecular cloning of interferon stimulated genes in buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis ). Theriogenology 2017; 100:50-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tanikawa N, Ohtsu A, Kawahara-Miki R, Kimura K, Matsuyama S, Iwata H, Kuwayama T, Shirasuna K. Age-associated mRNA expression changes in bovine endometrial cells in vitro. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28806906 PMCID: PMC5556672 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-017-0284-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometrial cells secrete various cytokines and the dysfunction of endometrial cells may directly lead to infertility. Interferon tau (IFNT) secreted by trophoblast cells, a well-known pregnancy recognition signal in ruminants, acts on the uterus to prepare for pregnancy. Aging causes cellular and organ dysfunction, and advanced maternal age is associated with reduced fertility. However, few studies have investigated age-dependent changes in the uterus. METHODS Using next generation sequencing and real-time PCR, we examined mRNA expression in bovine endometrial cells in vitro obtained from young (mean 45.2 months) and aged (mean 173.5 months) animals and the effects of IFNT depending on the age. RESULTS We showed that inflammation-related (predicted molecules are IL1A, C1Qs, DDX58, NFKB, and CCL5) and interferon-signaling (predicted molecules are IRFs, IFITs, STATs, and IFNs) pathways were activated in endometrial cells obtained from aged compared to young cows. Also, the activation of "DNA damage checkpoint regulation" and the inhibition of "mitotic mechanisms" in endometrial cells obtained from aged cows were evident. Moreover, we showed lower cell viability levels in endometrial cells obtained from aged compared to young cows. Although treatment with IFNT upregulated various types of interferon stimulated genes both in endometrial cells obtained from young and aged cows, the rate of increase by IFNT stimulus was obviously lower in endometrial cells obtained from aged compared to young cows. CONCLUSIONS Endometrial cells obtained from aged cows exhibited higher levels of inflammatory- and IFN-signaling, and dysfunction of cell division compared with young cows. In addition, a high basal level of IFN-related genes in endometrial cells of aged cows is suggested a concept of "inflammaging".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Tanikawa
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
| | - Ayaka Ohtsu
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
| | - Ryouka Kawahara-Miki
- grid.410772.7NODAI Genome Research Center, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya, Tokyo, 156-8502 Japan
| | - Koji Kimura
- 0000 0001 1302 4472grid.261356.5Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuyama
- 0000 0000 9191 6962grid.419600.aAnimal Feeding and Management Research Division, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Nasushiobara, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- grid.410772.7Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034 Japan
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Ruhmann B, Giller K, Hankele AK, Ulbrich SE, Schmicke M. Interferon-τ induced gene expression in bovine hepatocytes during early pregnancy. Theriogenology 2017; 104:198-204. [PMID: 28888122 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-tau (IFNτ) is the conceptus derived specific early pregnancy signal in bovidae. Locally, IFNτ induces an IFNτ specific gene expression (ISG) in endometrial cells and by this it averts luteolysis of the corpus luteum (CL) by suppressing prostaglandin production. Moreover, it was shown that IFNτ also induces ISG in the liver in pregnant sheep and in liver biopsies from Holstein Friesian heifers on Day 18 of pregnancy. The objective of the present study was to confirm increased hepatic ISG in vivo on Day 18 of pregnancy and to prove if hepatocytes and not non-parenchymal cells react to IFNτ by using immunohistochemistry and primary bovine hepatocytes stimulated in vitro with recombinant bovine IFNτ. For the animal experiment, Angus heifers (n = 12) were cycle synchronized and the Day of ovulation (Day 0) was defined by ovarian ultrasonography and verified by progesterone < 0.1 ng/ml. Heifers were artificially inseminated either with sperm (n = 9) or with seminal plasma (mock control, n = 3). Early pregnancy was defined and detected by progesterone and pregnancy associated glycoprotein (PAG) concentration in blood before and after induced luteolysis by a PGF-injection on Day 21 in n = 3 inseminated heifers. A liver biopsy was taken on Day 18 for the analysis of gene (ISG 15, MX 1, MX 2 and OAS 1) and protein (OAS1) expression using qPCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Primary bovine hepatocytes were collected from bull liver using a two-step collagenase perfusion, cultured short-term in a monolayer and stimulated with IFNτ. Thereafter, gene expression was measured by qPCR. In liver biopsies obtained from pregnant heifers ISG was numerically higher expressed compared to biopsies from non-pregnant heifers. Furthermore, the OAS 1 protein expression was localized in hepatocytes on Day 18 of pregnancy. In vitro, primary bovine hepatocytes showed an increased mRNA expression of ISG after IFNτ stimulation. In conclusion, the findings confirm that IFNτ induces ISG in the parenchymal part of the liver in early pregnancy of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ruhmann
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - K Giller
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A K Hankele
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S E Ulbrich
- ETH Zurich, Animal Physiology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Universitätsstrasse 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Schmicke
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173 Hannover, Germany.
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Vitorino Carvalho A, Eozenou C, Healey GD, Forde N, Reinaud P, Chebrout M, Gall L, Rodde N, Padilla AL, Delville CG, Leveugle M, Richard C, Sheldon IM, Lonergan P, Jolivet G, Sandra O. Analysis of STAT1 expression and biological activity reveals interferon-tau-dependent STAT1-regulated SOCS genes in the bovine endometrium. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:459-74. [PMID: 25116692 DOI: 10.1071/rd14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins are critical for the regulation of numerous biological processes. In cattle, microarray analyses identified STAT1 as a differentially expressed gene in the endometrium during the peri-implantation period. To gain new insights about STAT1 during the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy, we investigated STAT1 transcript and protein expression, as well as its biological activity in bovine tissue and cells of endometrial origin. Pregnancy increased STAT1 expression on Day 16, and protein and phosphorylation levels on Day 20. In cyclic and pregnant females, STAT1 was located in endometrial cells but not in the luminal epithelium at Day 20 of pregnancy. The expression of STAT1 during the oestrous cycle was not affected by progesterone supplementation. In vivo and in vitro, interferon-tau (IFNT) stimulated STAT1 mRNA expression, protein tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation in IFNT-stimulated endometrial cells, we demonstrated an increase of STAT1 binding on interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CISH), suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 (SOCS1, SOCS3) gene promoters consistent with the induction of their transcripts. Our data provide novel molecular insights into the biological functions of STAT1 in the various cells composing the endometrium during maternal pregnancy recognition and implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vitorino Carvalho
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Eozenou
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - G D Healey
- Centre for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - N Forde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - P Reinaud
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M Chebrout
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - L Gall
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - N Rodde
- INRA, UPR1258 Centre National des Ressources Génomiques Végétales, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - A Lesage Padilla
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Giraud Delville
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - M Leveugle
- INRA, UR1077 Unité Mathématique Informatique et Génome, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - C Richard
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - I M Sheldon
- Centre for Reproductive Immunology, Institute of Life Science, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - P Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G Jolivet
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - O Sandra
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
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Sandra O, Charpigny G, Galio L, Hue I. Preattachment Embryos of Domestic Animals: Insights into Development and Paracrine Secretions. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2016; 5:205-228. [PMID: 27959670 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-022516-022900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian species, endometrial receptivity is driven by maternal factors independently of embryo signals. When pregnancy initiates, paracrine secretions of the preattachment embryo are essential both for maternal recognition and endometrium preparation for implantation and for coordinating development of embryonic and extraembryonic tissues of the conceptus. This review mainly focuses on domestic large animal species. We first illustrate the major steps of preattachment embryo development, including elongation in bovine, ovine, porcine, and equine species. We next highlight conceptus secretions that are involved in the communication between extraembryonic and embryonic tissues, as well as between the conceptus and the endometrium. Finally, we introduce experimental data demonstrating the intimate connection between conceptus secretions and endometrial activity and how adverse events perturbing this interplay may affect the progression of implantation that will subsequently impact pregnancy outcome, postnatal health, and expression of production traits in livestock offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Sandra
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France; , , ,
| | - Gilles Charpigny
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France; , , ,
| | - Laurent Galio
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France; , , ,
| | - Isabelle Hue
- UMR BDR, INRA, ENVA, Université Paris Saclay, 78350, Jouy en Josas, France; , , ,
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Geary TW, Burns GW, Moraes JGN, Moss JI, Denicol AC, Dobbs KB, Ortega MS, Hansen PJ, Wehrman ME, Neibergs H, O'Neil E, Behura S, Spencer TE. Identification of Beef Heifers with Superior Uterine Capacity for Pregnancy. Biol Reprod 2016; 95:47. [PMID: 27417907 PMCID: PMC5029478 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.116.141390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infertility and subfertility represent major problems in domestic animals and humans, and the majority of embryonic loss occurs during the first month of gestation that involves pregnancy recognition and conceptus implantation. The critical genes and physiological pathways in the endometrium that mediate pregnancy establishment and success are not well understood. In study one, predominantly Angus heifers were classified based on fertility using serial embryo transfer to select animals with intrinsic differences in pregnancy loss. In each of the four rounds, a single in vitro-produced, high-quality embryo was transferred into heifers on Day 7 postestrus and pregnancy was determined on Days 28 and 42 by ultrasound and then terminated. Heifers were classified based on pregnancy success as high fertile (HF), subfertile (SF), or infertile (IF). In study two, fertility-classified heifers were resynchronized and bred with semen from a single high-fertility bull. Blood samples were collected every other day from Days 0 to 36 postmating. Pregnancy rate was determined on Day 28 by ultrasound and was higher in HF (70.4%) than in heifers with low fertility (36.8%; SF and IF). Progesterone concentrations in serum during the first 20 days postestrus were not different in nonpregnant heifers and also not different in pregnant heifers among fertility groups. In study three, a single in vivo-produced embryo was transferred into fertility-classified heifers on Day 7 postestrus. The uteri were flushed on Day 14 to recover embryos, and endometrial biopsies were obtained from the ipsilateral uterine horn. Embryo recovery rate and conceptus length and area were not different among the heifer groups. RNA was sequenced from the Day 14 endometrial biopsies of pregnant HF, SF, and IF heifers (n = 5 per group) and analyzed by edgeR-robust analysis. There were 26 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the HF compared to SF endometrium, 12 DEGs for SF compared to IF endometrium, and three DEGs between the HF and IF endometrium. Several of the DEG-encoded proteins are involved in immune responses and are expressed in B cells. Results indicate that preimplantation conceptus survival and growth to Day 14 is not compromised in SF and IF heifers. Thus, the observed difference in capacity for pregnancy success in these fertility-classified heifers is manifest between Days 14 and 28 when pregnancy recognition signaling and conceptus elongation and implantation must occur for the establishment of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Geary
- USDA-ARS, Fort Keogh Livestock and Range Research Laboratory, Miles City, Montana
| | - Gregory W Burns
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joao G N Moraes
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James I Moss
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Anna C Denicol
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kyle B Dobbs
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - M Sofia Ortega
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter J Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Holly Neibergs
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Eleanore O'Neil
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Susanta Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas E Spencer
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Manjari P, Reddi S, Alhussien M, Mohammed S, De S, Mohanty A, Sivalingam J, Dang AK. Neutrophil gene dynamics and plasma cytokine levels in dairy cattle during peri-implantation period. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2016; 173:44-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Hue I. Determinant molecular markers for peri-gastrulating bovine embryo development. Reprod Fertil Dev 2016; 28:51-65. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-gastrulation defines the time frame between blastocyst formation and implantation that also corresponds in cattle to elongation, pregnancy recognition and uterine secretion. Optimally, this developmental window prepares the conceptus for implantation, placenta formation and fetal development. However, this is a highly sensitive period, as evidenced by the incidence of embryo loss or early post-implantation mortality after AI, embryo transfer or somatic cell nuclear transfer. Elongation markers have often been used within this time frame to assess developmental defects or delays, originating either from the embryo, the uterus or the dam. Comparatively, gastrulation markers have not received great attention, although elongation and gastrulation are linked by reciprocal interactions at the molecular and cellular levels. To make this clearer, this peri-gastrulating period is described herein with a focus on its main developmental landmarks, and the resilience of the landmarks in the face of biotechnologies is questioned.
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Placentation, maternal-fetal interface, and conceptus loss in swine. Theriogenology 2015; 85:135-44. [PMID: 26324112 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a delicate yet complex physiological process that requires fine-tuning of many factors (hormones, growth factors, cytokines, and receptors) between the mother and the conceptus to ensure the survival of the conceptus(es) to term. Any disturbance in the maternal-conceptus dialog can have detrimental effects on the affected conceptus or even the outcome of pregnancy as a whole. Being a litter-bearing species, such disruptions can lead to a loss of up to 45% of the totally healthy offspring during early (periattachment) and midgestation to late gestation in pigs. Although the exact mechanism is not entirely understood, several factors have been associated with the fetal loss including but not limited to uterine capacity, placental efficiency, genetics, nutrition, and deficits in vascularization at the maternal-fetal interface. Over the years, we investigated how immune cells are recruited to the porcine maternal-fetal interface and whether they contribute to vascularization. We also delineated how cytokines, chemokines, and cytokine destabilizing factors fine-tune inflammation and whether the cytokine shift from early to midpregnancy exists at the porcine maternal-fetal interface. Finally, we evaluated the role of microRNAs in regulating immune cell recruitment and their angiogenic functions during pregnancy. Collectively our research points out that the immune-angiogenesis axis at the porcine maternal interface is significantly involved in promoting new blood vessel development, regulating inflammatory responses and ultimately contributing to pregnancy success. In this review, we summarized current knowledge on spontaneous fetal loss in swine, with special attention to the mechanisms in immune reactivity and interplay at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Correia-Álvarez E, Gómez E, Martín D, Carrocera S, Pérez S, Otero J, Peynot N, Giraud-Delville C, Caamaño JN, Sandra O, Duranthon V, Muñoz M. Expression and localization of interleukin 1 beta and interleukin 1 receptor (type I) in the bovine endometrium and embryo. J Reprod Immunol 2015; 110:1-13. [PMID: 25955718 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The interleukin-1 (IL1) system likely mediates mammalian embryo-maternal communication. In cattle, we have reported that the uterine fluid of heifers carrying early embryos shows downregulated IL1 beta (IL1B), which could lead to reduced NFkB expression and dampening of maternal innate immune responses. In this work, we assessed the expression of IL 1 beta (IL1B) and its receptor, interleukin 1 receptor type I (IL1R1) in the bovine endometrium and embryos by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and Western blot at the time of blastocyst development. Day 8 endometrium, both collected from animals after transfer of day 5 embryos (ET) and sham transferred (ST), showed IL1B and IL1R1 mRNA transcription and protein co-localization. Similarly, day 8 blastocyst, from ET animals and entirely produced in vitro, showed IL1R1 mRNA transcription and IL1B and IL1R1 protein co-localization. IL1B mRNA was detected in the analyzed blastocysts, but at very low levels that precluded its quantification. IL1B and IL1R1 immunostaining was observed in luminal epithelial cells, glandular epithelium and stromal cells. The presence of embryos increased endometrial IL1B protein locally, while no differences regarding IL1R1 protein and IL1B and IL1R1 mRNA were detected. These results suggest that the early preimplantation bovine embryo in the maternal tract might interact with the maternal immune system through the IL1 system. Such a mechanism may allow the embryo to elicit local endometrial responses at early stages, which are required for the development of a receptive endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Correia-Álvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla-Deva, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla-Deva, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - David Martín
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla-Deva, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Susana Carrocera
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla-Deva, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes y Terapia Celular, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Carretera de Rubín s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Otero
- Unidad de Coordinación de Trasplantes y Terapia Celular, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Carretera de Rubín s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nathalie Peynot
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - José Néstor Caamaño
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla-Deva, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain
| | - Olivier Sandra
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Véronique Duranthon
- INRA, UMR1198 Biologie du Développement et Reproduction, F-78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Marta Muñoz
- Centro de Biotecnología Animal-SERIDA, Camino de Rioseco 1225, La Olla-Deva, 33394, Gijón, Asturias, Spain.
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Santillán I, Lozano I, Illán J, Verdú V, Coca S, Bajo-Arenas JM, Martinez F. Where and when should natural killer cells be tested in women with repeated implantation failure? J Reprod Immunol 2015; 108:142-8. [PMID: 25708533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the candidates for natural killer (NK) testing and to define the best methodology. For this purpose a prospective study was performed on 73 women with repeated implantation failure (RIF). RIF was considered to exist in patients not achieving clinical pregnancy after three transfers with at least one good-quality embryo. Idiopathic RIF was considered to exist in patients in whom thrombophilia, hysteroscopy and endometrial culture were normal, and no chromosomal factor was suspected. Thirty-two of the 73 patients were considered to have idiopathic RIF, and 17 fertile women with children were taken as controls. Immunohistochemical staining for endometrial CD56+ and blood CD56+ or CD16+ NK cells measured using flow cytometry were compared during the mid-luteal phase in both patients and controls. Seventeen out of the 32 patients with idiopathic RIF and only one of the controls had >250 CD56 cells per high power field 400× in endometrial biopsy (p<0.001). The percentage of blood NK cells out of the total lymphocyte population was higher in women with idiopathic RIF (13.4±1.2%; range, 2.63-29.01) than in controls (8.4±0.7%; range, 5.72-13.28; p=0.026). There was a positive correlation between blood and endometrial CD56 cells (ρ=0.707; p<0.001). No significant differences were found between patients with other types of RIF and controls. This study suggested that testing for NK cells might be useful in women with idiopathic RIF during the mid-luteal phase.
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