1
|
Ma K, Xian W, Liu H, Shu R, Ge J, Luo ZQ, Liu X, Qiu J. Bacterial ubiquitin ligases hijack the host deubiquitinase OTUB1 to inhibit MTORC1 signaling and promote autophagy. Autophagy 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38818749 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2024.2353492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens have evolved effective strategies to interfere with the ubiquitination network to evade clearance by the innate immune system. Here, we report that OTUB1, one of the most abundant deubiquitinases (DUBs) in mammalian cells, is subjected to both canonical and noncanonical ubiquitination during Legionella pneumophila infection. The effectors SidC and SdcA catalyze OTUB1 ubiquitination at multiple lysine residues, resulting in its association with a Legionella-containing vacuole. Lysine ubiquitination by SidC and SdcA promotes interactions between OTUB1 and DEPTOR, an inhibitor of the MTORC1 pathway, thus suppressing MTORC1 signaling. The inhibition of MTORC1 leads to suppression of host protein synthesis and promotion of host macroautophagy/autophagy during L. pneumophila infection. In addition, members of the SidE family effectors (SidEs) induce phosphoribosyl (PR)-linked ubiquitination of OTUB1 at Ser16 and Ser18 and block its DUB activity. The levels of the lysine and serine ubiquitination of OTUB1 are further regulated by effectors that function to antagonize the activities of SidC, SdcA and SidEs, including Lem27, DupA, DupB, SidJ and SdjA. Our study reveals an effectors-mediated complicated mechanism in regulating the activity of a host DUB.Abbreviations: BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BMDMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; DUB: deubiquitinase; Dot/Icm: defective for organelle trafficking/intracellular multiplication; DEPTOR: DEP domain containing MTOR interacting protein; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; L. pneumophila: Legionella pneumophila; LCV: Legionella-containing vacuole; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MOI: multiplicity of infection; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; OTUB1: OTU deubiquitinase, ubiquitin aldehyde binding 1; PR-Ub: phosphoribosyl (PR)-linked ubiquitin; PTM: posttranslational modification; SDS-PAGE: sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SidEs: SidE family effectors; Ub: ubiquitin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Xian
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rundong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinli Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao-Qing Luo
- Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Center for Pathogen Biology and Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kubori T, Arasaki K, Oide H, Kitao T, Nagai H. Multi-tiered actions of Legionella effectors to modulate host Rab10 dynamics. eLife 2024; 12:RP89002. [PMID: 38771316 PMCID: PMC11108646 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rab GTPases are representative targets of manipulation by intracellular bacterial pathogens for hijacking membrane trafficking. Legionella pneumophila recruits many Rab GTPases to its vacuole and exploits their activities. Here, we found that infection-associated regulation of Rab10 dynamics involves ubiquitin signaling cascades mediated by the SidE and SidC families of Legionella ubiquitin ligases. Phosphoribosyl-ubiquitination of Rab10 catalyzed by the SidE ligases is crucial for its recruitment to the bacterial vacuole. SdcB, the previously uncharacterized SidC-family effector, resides on the vacuole and contributes to retention of Rab10 at the late stages of infection. We further identified MavC as a negative regulator of SdcB. By the transglutaminase activity, MavC crosslinks ubiquitin to SdcB and suppresses its function, resulting in elimination of Rab10 from the vacuole. These results demonstrate that the orchestrated actions of many L. pneumophila effectors fine-tune the dynamics of Rab10 during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kubori
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Kohei Arasaki
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesHachiojiJapan
| | - Hiromu Oide
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life SciencesHachiojiJapan
| | - Tomoe Kitao
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
| | - Hiroki Nagai
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research (COMIT), Gifu UniversityGifuJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akizuki Y, Kaypee S, Ohtake F, Ikeda F. The emerging roles of non-canonical ubiquitination in proteostasis and beyond. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311171. [PMID: 38517379 PMCID: PMC10959754 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin regulates various cellular functions by posttranslationally modifying substrates with diverse ubiquitin codes. Recent discoveries of new ubiquitin chain topologies, types of bonds, and non-protein substrates have substantially expanded the complexity of the ubiquitin code. Here, we describe the ubiquitin system covering the basic principles and recent discoveries related to mechanisms, technologies, and biological importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Akizuki
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stephanie Kaypee
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Ohtake
- Institute for Advanced Life Sciences, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Ikeda
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li C, Fu J, Shao S, Luo ZQ. Legionella pneumophila exploits the endo-lysosomal network for phagosome biogenesis by co-opting SUMOylated Rab7. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011783. [PMID: 38739652 PMCID: PMC11115209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila strains harboring wild-type rpsL such as Lp02rpsLWT cannot replicate in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) due to induction of extensive lysosome damage and apoptosis. The bacterial factor directly responsible for inducing such cell death and the host factor involved in initiating the signaling cascade that leads to lysosome damage remain unknown. Similarly, host factors that may alleviate cell death induced by these bacterial strains have not yet been investigated. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we identified Hmg20a and Nol9 as host factors important for restricting strain Lp02rpsLWT in BMDMs. Depletion of Hmg20a protects macrophages from infection-induced lysosomal damage and apoptosis, allowing productive bacterial replication. The restriction imposed by Hmg20a was mediated by repressing the expression of several endo-lysosomal proteins, including the small GTPase Rab7. We found that SUMOylated Rab7 is recruited to the bacterial phagosome via SulF, a Dot/Icm effector that harbors a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM). Moreover, overexpression of Rab7 rescues intracellular growth of strain Lp02rpsLWT in BMDMs. Our results establish that L. pneumophila exploits the lysosomal network for the biogenesis of its phagosome in BMDMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shuai Shao
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhao-Qing Luo
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kotewicz KM, Zhang M, Kim S, Martin MS, Chowdhury AR, Tai A, Scheck RA, Isberg RR. Sde Proteins Coordinate Ubiquitin Utilization and Phosphoribosylation to Promote Establishment and Maintenance of the Legionella Replication Vacuole. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.07.553534. [PMID: 38645023 PMCID: PMC11030226 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.07.553534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The Legionella pneumophila Sde family of translocated proteins promotes host tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rearrangements that are tightly linked to phosphoribosyl-ubiquitin (pR-Ub) modification of Reticulon 4 (Rtn4). Sde proteins have two additional activities of unclear relevance to the infection process: K63 linkage-specific deubiquitination and phosphoribosyl modification of polyubiquitin (pR-Ub). We show here that the deubiquitination activity (DUB) stimulates ER rearrangements while pR-Ub protects the replication vacuole from cytosolic surveillance by autophagy. Loss of DUB activity was tightly linked to lowered pR-Ub modification of Rtn4, consistent with the DUB activity fueling the production of pR-Ub-Rtn4. In parallel, phosphoribosyl modification of polyUb, in a region of the protein known as the isoleucine patch, prevented binding by the autophagy adapter p62. An inability of Sde mutants to modify polyUb resulted in immediate p62 association, a critical precursor to autophagic attack. The ability of Sde WT to block p62 association decayed quickly after bacterial infection, as predicted by the presence of previously characterized L. pneumophila effectors that inactivate Sde and remove polyUb. In sum, these results show that the accessory Sde activities act to stimulate ER rearrangements and protect from host innate immune sensing in a temporal fashion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Kotewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Current address: Gastrointestinal Unit and Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114
| | - Mengyun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Current address: Global Health Drug Discovery Institute, Haidian, Beijing, China
| | - Seongok Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Meghan S Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Atish Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Albert Tai
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Rebecca A Scheck
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Ave, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Ralph R Isberg
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston, MA 02111, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wehrmann M, Vilchez D. The emerging role and therapeutic implications of bacterial and parasitic deubiquitinating enzymes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1303072. [PMID: 38077335 PMCID: PMC10703165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are emerging as key factors for the infection of human cells by pathogens such as bacteria and parasites. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies on the role of deubiquitinase activity in exploiting and manipulating ubiquitin (Ub)-dependent host processes during infection. The studies discussed here highlight the importance of DUB host-pathogen research and underscore the therapeutic potential of inhibiting pathogen-specific DUB activity to prevent infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wehrmann
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Vilchez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Integrated Stress Response Signaling, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li C, Fu J, Shao S, Luo ZQ. Legionella pneumophila exploits the endo-lysosomal network for phagosome biogenesis by co-opting SUMOylated Rab7. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.31.564884. [PMID: 37961430 PMCID: PMC10634985 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
L. pneumophila strains harboring wild-type rpsL such as Lp02rpsLWT cannot replicate in mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) due to induction of extensive lysosome damage and apoptosis. The mechanism of this unique infection-induced cell death remains unknown. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening, we identified Hmg20a and Nol9 as host factors important for restricting strain Lp02rpsLWT in BMDMs. Depletion of Hmg20a protects macrophages from infection-induced lysosomal damage and apoptosis, allowing productive bacterial replication. The restriction imposed by Hmg20a was mediated by repressing the expression of several endo-lysosomal proteins, including the small GTPase Rab7. We found that SUMOylated Rab7 is recruited to the bacterial phagosome via SulF, a Dot/Icm effector that harbors a SUMO-interacting motif (SIM). Moreover, overexpression of Rab7 rescues intracellular growth of strain Lp02rpsLWT in BMDMs. Our results establish that L. pneumophila exploits the lysosomal network for the biogenesis of its phagosome in BMDMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Jiaqi Fu
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
| | - Shuai Shao
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhao-Qing Luo
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA
- Lead Contact
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Isberg R, Kotewicz K, Zheng M, Kim S, Tai A. Sde Proteins Coordinate Ubiquitin Utilization and Phosphoribosylation to Promote Establishment and Maintenance of the Legionella Replication Vacuole. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3269310. [PMID: 37790456 PMCID: PMC10543313 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3269310/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The Legionella pneumophilaSde family of translocated proteins promote host tubular endoplasmic reticulum (ER) rearrangements that are tightly linked to phosphoribosyl-ubiquitin (pR-Ub) modification of Reticulon 4 (Rtn4). Sde proteins have two additional activities of unclear relevance to the infection process: K63 linkage-specific deubiquitination and phosphoribosyl modification of polyubiquitin (pR-Ub). We show here that the deubiquitination activity (DUB) stimulates ER rearrangements while pR-Ub protects the replication vacuole from cytosolic surveillance by autophagy. Loss of DUB activity was tightly linked to lowered pR-Ub modification of Rtn4, consistent with the DUB activity fueling the production of pR-Ub-Rtn4. In parallel, phosphoribosyl modification of polyUb, in a region of the protein known as the isoleucine patch, caused an absolute block in binding by the autophagy adapter p62. An inability of Sde mutants to modify polyUb resulted in immediate p62 association, a critical precursor to autophagic attack. The ability of Sde WT to block p62 association decayed quickly after bacterial infection, as predicted by the presence of previously characterized L. pneumophila effectors that inactivate Sde and remove polyUb. In sum, these results show that the accessory Sde activities act to stimulate ER rearrangements and protect from host innate immune sensing in a temporal fashion.
Collapse
|
9
|
Fletcher AJ, Mabbitt PD. Editorial: Reviews in ubiquitin signaling: 2022. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1275393. [PMID: 37681016 PMCID: PMC10482330 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1275393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Fletcher
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kang S, Kim G, Choi M, Jeong M, van der Heden van Noort GJ, Roh SH, Shin D. Structural insights into ubiquitin chain cleavage by Legionella ovarian tumor deubiquitinases. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201876. [PMID: 37100438 PMCID: PMC10133868 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ubiquitin is found only in eukaryotes, several pathogenic bacteria and viruses possess proteins that hinder the host ubiquitin system. Legionella, a gram-negative intracellular bacterium, possesses an ovarian tumor (OTU) family of deubiquitinases (Lot DUBs). Herein, we describe the molecular characteristics of Lot DUBs. We elucidated the structure of the LotA OTU1 domain and revealed that entire Lot DUBs possess a characteristic extended helical lobe that is not found in other OTU-DUBs. The structural topology of an extended helical lobe is the same throughout the Lot family, and it provides an S1' ubiquitin-binding site. Moreover, the catalytic triads of Lot DUBs resemble those of the A20-type OTU-DUBs. Furthermore, we revealed a unique mechanism by which LotA OTU domains cooperate together to distinguish the length of the chain and preferentially cleave longer K48-linked polyubiquitin chains. The LotA OTU1 domain itself cleaves K6-linked ubiquitin chains, whereas it is also essential for assisting the cleavage of longer K48-linked polyubiquitin chains by the OTU2 domain. Thus, this study provides novel insights into the structure and mechanism of action of Lot DUBs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kang
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuhee Kim
- School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhyeong Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Jeong
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soung-Hun Roh
- School of Biological Science, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Shin
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shames SR. Eat or Be Eaten: Strategies Used by Legionella to Acquire Host-Derived Nutrients and Evade Lysosomal Degradation. Infect Immun 2023; 91:e0044122. [PMID: 36912646 PMCID: PMC10112212 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00441-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To replicate within host cells, bacterial pathogens must acquire host-derived nutrients while avoiding degradative antimicrobial pathways. Fundamental insights into bacterial pathogenicity have been revealed by bacteria of the genus Legionella, which naturally parasitize free-living protozoa by establishing a membrane-bound replicative niche termed the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV). Biogenesis of the LCV and intracellular replication rely on rapid evasion of the endocytic pathway and acquisition of host-derived nutrients, much of which is mediated by bacterial effector proteins translocated into host cells by a Dot/Icm type IV secretion system. Billions of years of co-evolution with eukaryotic hosts and broad host tropism have resulted in expansion of the Legionella genome to accommodate a massive repertoire of effector proteins that promote LCV biogenesis, safeguard the LCV from endolysosomal maturation, and mediate the acquisition of host nutrients. This minireview is focused on the mechanisms by which an ancient intracellular pathogen leverages effector proteins and hijacks host cell biology to obtain essential host-derived nutrients and prevent lysosomal degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R. Shames
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kanarek P, Bogiel T, Breza-Boruta B. Legionellosis risk-an overview of Legionella spp. habitats in Europe. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76532-76542. [PMID: 36161570 PMCID: PMC9511453 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22950-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An increase in the number of reports of legionellosis in the European Union and the European Economic Area have been recorded in recent years. The increase in cases is significant: from 6947 reports in 2015 to 11,298 in 2019. This is alarming as genus Legionella, which comprises a large group of bacteria inhabiting various aquatic systems, poses a serious threat to human health and life, since more than 20 species can cause legionellosis, with L. pneumophila being responsible for the majority of cases. The ability to colonize diverse ecosystems makes the eradication of these microorganisms difficult. A detailed understanding of the Legionella habitat may be helpful in the effective control of this pathogen. This paper provides an overview of Legionella environments in Europe: natural (lakes, groundwater, rivers, compost, soil) and anthropogenic (fountains, air humidifiers, water supply systems), and the role of Legionella spp. in nosocomial infections, which are potentially fatal for children, the elderly and immunocompromised patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Kanarek
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bogiel
- Department of Microbiology, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 9 Skłodowska-Curie Street, 85-094, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Barbara Breza-Boruta
- Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, 6 Bernardyńska Street, 85-029, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Squair DR, Virdee S. A new dawn beyond lysine ubiquitination. Nat Chem Biol 2022; 18:802-811. [PMID: 35896829 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitin system has become synonymous with the modification of lysine residues. However, the substrate scope and diversity of the conjugation machinery have been underappreciated, bringing us to an epoch in ubiquitin system research. The striking discoveries of metazoan enzymes dedicated toward serine and threonine ubiquitination have revealed the important role of nonlysine ubiquitination in endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation, immune signaling and neuronal processes, while reports of nonproteinaceous substrates have extended ubiquitination beyond the proteome. Bacterial effectors that bypass the canonical ubiquitination machinery and form unprecedented linkage chemistry further redefine long-standing dogma. While chemical biology approaches have advanced our understanding of the canonical ubiquitin system, further study of noncanonical ubiquitination has been hampered by a lack of suitable tools. This Perspective aims to consolidate and contextualize recent discoveries and to propose potential applications of chemical biology, which will be instrumental in unraveling this new frontier of ubiquitin research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Squair
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Satpal Virdee
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
In memoriam: Huib Ovaa, the brain behind the formula (18/12/1973-19/05/2020). Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 132:1-4. [PMID: 35753908 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|