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Hathaway CA, Townsend MK, Conejo-Garcia JR, Fridley BL, Moran Segura C, Nguyen JV, Armaiz-Pena GN, Sasamoto N, Saeed-Vafa D, Terry KL, Kubzansky LD, Tworoger SS. The relationship of lifetime history of depression on the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 114:52-60. [PMID: 37557966 PMCID: PMC10592154 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is associated with a higher ovarian cancer risk. Prior work suggests that depression can lead to systemic immune suppression, which could potentially alter the anti-tumor immune response. METHODS We evaluated the association of pre-diagnosis depression with features of the anti-tumor immune response, including T and B cells and immunoglobulins, among women with ovarian tumor tissue collected in three studies, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; n = 237), NHSII (n = 137) and New England Case-Control Study (NECC; n = 215). Women reporting depressive symptoms above a clinically relevant cut-point, antidepressant use, or physician diagnosis of depression at any time prior to diagnosis of ovarian cancer were considered to have pre-diagnosis depression. Multiplex immunofluorescence was performed on tumor tissue microarrays to measure immune cell infiltration. In pooled analyses, we estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the positivity of tumor immune cells using a beta-binomial model comparing those with and without depression. We used Bonferroni corrections to adjust for multiple comparisons. RESULTS We observed no statistically significant association between depression status and any immune markers at the Bonferroni corrected p-value of 0.0045; however, several immune markers were significant at a nominal p-value of 0.05. Specifically, there were increased odds of having recently activated cytotoxic (CD3+CD8+CD69+) and exhausted-like T cells (CD3+Lag3+) in tumors of women with vs. without depression (OR = 1.36, 95 %CI = 1.09-1.69 and OR = 1.24, 95 %CI = 1.01-1.53, respectively). Associations were comparable when considering high grade serous tumors only (comparable ORs = 1.33, 95 %CI = 1.05-1.69 and OR = 1.25, 95 %CI = 0.99-1.58, respectively). There were decreased odds of having tumor infiltrating plasma cells (CD138+) in women with vs. without depression (OR = 0.54, 95 %CI = 0.33-0.90), which was similar among high grade serous carcinomas, although not statistically significant. Depression was also related to decreased odds of having naïve and memory B cells (CD20+: OR = 0.54, 95 %CI = 0.30-0.98) and increased odds of IgG (OR = 1.22, 95 %CI = 0.97-1.53) in high grade serous carcinomas. CONCLUSION Our results provide suggestive evidence that depression may influence ovarian cancer outcomes through changes in the tumor immune microenvironment, including increasing T cell activation and exhaustion and reducing antibody-producing B cells. Further studies with clinical measures of depression and larger samples are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary K Townsend
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | | | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Carlos Moran Segura
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan V Nguyen
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Guillermo N Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Naoko Sasamoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daryoush Saeed-Vafa
- Advanced Analytical and Digital Laboratory, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Kathryn L Terry
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelley S Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA.
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2
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Schoenfeld DA, Moutafi M, Martinez S, Djureinovic D, Merkin RD, Adeniran A, Braun DA, Signoretti S, Choueiri TK, Parisi F, Hurwitz M, Rimm DL, Wei W, Jilaveanu L, Kluger HM. Immune dysfunction revealed by digital spatial profiling of immuno-oncology markers in progressive stages of renal cell carcinoma and in brain metastases. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007240. [PMID: 37586773 PMCID: PMC10432651 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to cancer progression and treatment response to therapy, including in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Prior profiling studies, including single-cell transcriptomics, often involve limited sample sizes and lack spatial orientation. The TME of RCC brain metastases, a major cause of morbidity, also remains largely uncharacterized. METHODS We performed digital spatial profiling on the NanoString GeoMx platform using 52 validated immuno-oncology markers on RCC tissue microarrays representing progressive stages of RCC, including brain metastases. We profiled 76 primary tumors, 27 adjacent histologically normal kidney samples, and 86 metastases, including 24 brain metastases. RESULTS We observed lower immune checkpoint (TIM-3 and CTLA-4), cytolytic (GZMA and GZMB), and T cell activation (CD25) protein expression in metastases compared with primary tumors in two separate cohorts. We also identified changes in macrophages in metastases, with brain metastases-susceptible patients showing less M1-like, inflammatory macrophage markers (HLA-DR and CD127) in metastatic samples. A comparison of brain metastases to extracranial metastases revealed higher expression of the anti-apoptotic, BCL-2-family protein BCL-XL and lower expression of the innate immune activator STING in brain metastases. Lower TIM-3 and CD40 in the TME of brain metastases appear to be associated with longer survival, a finding that requires further validation. CONCLUSIONS Compared with primary tumors, RCC metastases, including brain metastases, express lower levels of numerous markers of immune activation and current or investigational therapeutic targets. Our findings may have important implications for designing future biomarker and treatment studies and may aid in development of brain metastases-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Schoenfeld
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Myrto Moutafi
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sandra Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dijana Djureinovic
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ross D Merkin
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeniran
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David A Braun
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fabio Parisi
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michael Hurwitz
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David L Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lucia Jilaveanu
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Harriet M Kluger
- School of Medical Oncology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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3
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Automated Lung Cancer Segmentation in Tissue Micro Array Analysis Histopathological Images Using a Prototype of Computer-Assisted Diagnosis. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13030388. [PMID: 36983570 PMCID: PMC10051974 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is a fatal disease that kills approximately 85% of those diagnosed with it. In recent years, advances in medical imaging have greatly improved the acquisition, storage, and visualization of various pathologies, making it a necessary component in medicine today. Objective: Develop a computer-aided diagnostic system to detect lung cancer early by segmenting tumor and non-tumor tissue on Tissue Micro Array Analysis (TMA) histopathological images. Method: The prototype computer-aided diagnostic system was developed to segment tumor areas, non-tumor areas, and fundus on TMA histopathological images. Results: The system achieved an average accuracy of 83.4% and an F-measurement of 84.4% in segmenting tumor and non-tumor tissue. Conclusion: The computer-aided diagnostic system provides a second diagnostic opinion to specialists, allowing for more precise diagnoses and more appropriate treatments for lung cancer.
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4
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Punetha A, Kotiya D. Advancements in Oncoproteomics Technologies: Treading toward Translation into Clinical Practice. Proteomes 2023; 11:2. [PMID: 36648960 PMCID: PMC9844371 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteomics continues to forge significant strides in the discovery of essential biological processes, uncovering valuable information on the identity, global protein abundance, protein modifications, proteoform levels, and signal transduction pathways. Cancer is a complicated and heterogeneous disease, and the onset and progression involve multiple dysregulated proteoforms and their downstream signaling pathways. These are modulated by various factors such as molecular, genetic, tissue, cellular, ethnic/racial, socioeconomic status, environmental, and demographic differences that vary with time. The knowledge of cancer has improved the treatment and clinical management; however, the survival rates have not increased significantly, and cancer remains a major cause of mortality. Oncoproteomics studies help to develop and validate proteomics technologies for routine application in clinical laboratories for (1) diagnostic and prognostic categorization of cancer, (2) real-time monitoring of treatment, (3) assessing drug efficacy and toxicity, (4) therapeutic modulations based on the changes with prognosis and drug resistance, and (5) personalized medication. Investigation of tumor-specific proteomic profiles in conjunction with healthy controls provides crucial information in mechanistic studies on tumorigenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance. This review provides an overview of proteomics technologies that assist the discovery of novel drug targets, biomarkers for early detection, surveillance, prognosis, drug monitoring, and tailoring therapy to the cancer patient. The information gained from such technologies has drastically improved cancer research. We further provide exemplars from recent oncoproteomics applications in the discovery of biomarkers in various cancers, drug discovery, and clinical treatment. Overall, the future of oncoproteomics holds enormous potential for translating technologies from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Punetha
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, 225 Warren St., Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Deepak Kotiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 900 South Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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5
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Nayak D, Weadick B, Govindarajan R. Combination of Tissue Microarray Profiling and Multiplexed IHC Approaches to Investigate Transport Mechanism of Nucleoside Analog Drug Resistance. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2660:95-121. [PMID: 37191793 PMCID: PMC10311792 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3163-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside analogs (NAs) are an established class of anticancer agents being used clinically for the treatment of diverse cancers, either as monotherapy or in combination with other established anticancer or pharmacological agents. To date, nearly a dozen anticancer NAs are approved by the FDA, and several novel NAs are being tested in preclinical and clinical trials for future applications. However, improper delivery of NAs into tumor cells because of alterations in expression of one or more drug carrier proteins (e.g., solute carrier (SLC) transporters) within tumor cells or cells surrounding the tumor microenvironment stands as one of the primary reasons for therapeutic drug resistance. The combination of tissue microarray (TMA) and multiplexed immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an advanced, high-throughput approach over conventional IHC that enables researchers to effectively investigate alterations to numerous such chemosensitivity determinants simultaneously in hundreds of tumor tissues derived from patients. In this chapter, taking an example of a TMA from pancreatic cancer patients treated with gemcitabine (a NA chemotherapeutic agent), we describe the step-by-step procedure of performing multiplexed IHC, imaging of TMA slides, and quantification of expression of some relevant markers in these tissue sections as optimized in our laboratory and discuss considerations while designing and carrying out this experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasis Nayak
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brenna Weadick
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rajgopal Govindarajan
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Translational Therapeutics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA.
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6
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Prognostic significance of spatial and density analysis of T lymphocytes in colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 127:514-523. [PMID: 35449453 PMCID: PMC9345858 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although high T cell density is a strong favourable prognostic factor in colorectal cancer, the significance of the spatial distribution of T cells is incompletely understood. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of tumour cell-T cell co-localisation and T cell densities. METHODS We analysed CD3 and CD8 immunohistochemistry in a study cohort of 983 colorectal cancer patients and a validation cohort (N = 246). Individual immune and tumour cells were identified to calculate T cell densities (to derive T cell density score) and G-cross function values, estimating the likelihood of tumour cells being co-located with T cells within 20 µm radius (to derive T cell proximity score). RESULTS High T cell proximity score associated with longer cancer-specific survival in both the study cohort [adjusted HR for high (vs. low) 0.33, 95% CI 0.20-0.52, Ptrend < 0.0001] and the validation cohort [adjusted HR for high (vs. low) 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.45, Ptrend < 0.0001] and its prognostic value was independent of T cell density score. CONCLUSIONS The spatial point pattern analysis of tumour cell-T cell co-localisation could provide detailed information on colorectal cancer prognosis, supporting the value of spatial measurement of T cell infiltrates as a novel, robust tumour-immune biomarker.
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7
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Zhang D, Liao X. Pan-TRK Immunohistochemistry and NTRK Gene Fusions in Primary Carcinomas of the Liver. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:435-440. [PMID: 35587529 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Gene fusions involving NTRK are not common in solid tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the TRK protein expression and molecular characteristics of gene fusions in primary liver carcinomas. A total of 110 hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and 69 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas were retrieved for tissue microarray (TMA) construction and clinicopathologic characterization. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for pan-TRK was initially performed on TMA slides and evaluated for staining intensity. Twelve (10.9%) of 110 HCC showed weak cytoplasmic TRK expression by IHC on TMA, while all others, including 69 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, were negative for TRK. The TRK expression did not correlate with patient's age, sex, tumor differentiation, or tumor stage. The 12 cases were then validated by IHC on whole sections but all turned out to be negative. Further, RNA sequencing analysis did not detect any NTRK fusions in all 12 HCC cases; however, it did identify many fusions frequently involving genes that encode mitochondrial and ribosomal proteins, microRNAs, and some transcription factors. A few fusions were recurrent, including MT-ATP6/MT-ATP8 fusion (n=9, 75%), Ig κ light chain gene IGKV/IGKJ fusion (n=5, 41.7%), and histocompatibility complex gene HLA-C/HLA-B fusion (n=4, 33.3%). In summary, NTRK fusion is very rare in primary liver carcinomas. IHC on TMA for TRK expression yields high false positive results, which should be validated on whole sections and confirmed by molecular genetic studies such as RNA sequencing. Many fusions involving genes other than NTRK are detected in HCC, the significance of which warrants further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
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8
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Cell graph neural networks enable the precise prediction of patient survival in gastric cancer. NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:45. [PMID: 35739342 PMCID: PMC9226174 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. An accurate prognosis is essential for effective clinical assessment and treatment. Spatial patterns in the tumor microenvironment (TME) are conceptually indicative of the staging and progression of gastric cancer patients. Using spatial patterns of the TME by integrating and transforming the multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) images as Cell-Graphs, we propose a graph neural network-based approach, termed Cell−GraphSignatureorCGSignature, powered by artificial intelligence, for the digital staging of TME and precise prediction of patient survival in gastric cancer. In this study, patient survival prediction is formulated as either a binary (short-term and long-term) or ternary (short-term, medium-term, and long-term) classification task. Extensive benchmarking experiments demonstrate that the CGSignature achieves outstanding model performance, with Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve of 0.960 ± 0.01, and 0.771 ± 0.024 to 0.904 ± 0.012 for the binary- and ternary-classification, respectively. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis indicates that the “digital grade” cancer staging produced by CGSignature provides a remarkable capability in discriminating both binary and ternary classes with statistical significance (P value < 0.0001), significantly outperforming the AJCC 8th edition Tumor Node Metastasis staging system. Using Cell-Graphs extracted from mIHC images, CGSignature improves the assessment of the link between the TME spatial patterns and patient prognosis. Our study suggests the feasibility and benefits of such an artificial intelligence-powered digital staging system in diagnostic pathology and precision oncology.
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9
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Wisner L, Larsen B, Maguire A. Manual Construction of a Tissue Microarray using the Tape Method and a Handheld Microarrayer. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/63086. [PMID: 35758657 PMCID: PMC10448997 DOI: 10.3791/63086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue microarray (TMA) is an important research tool in which many formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples can be represented in a single paraffin block. This is achieved by using tissue cores extracted from the region of interest of different donor FFPE blocks and arranging them into a single TMA paraffin block. Once constructed, sections from the completed TMA can be used to perform immunohistochemistry, chromogenic, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and RNA ISH studies to assess protein expression as well as genomic and transcriptional alterations in many samples simultaneously, thus minimizing tissue usage and reducing reagent costs. There are several different TMA construction techniques. One of the most common construction methods is the recipient method, which works best with cores of the same length for which a minimum length of 4 mm is recommended. Unfortunately, tissue blocks can be heavily resected during the diagnostic process, frequently resulting in "non-ideal" donor block thicknesses of less than 4 mm. The current article and video focus on the double-sided adhesive tape method; an alternative manual, low cost, easy to use, and rapid method to construct low density (<50 cores) TMAs that is highly compatible with these non-ideal donor blocks. This protocol provides a step-by-step guide on how to construct a TMA using this method, with a focus on the critical importance of pathological review and post construction validation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brandon Larsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic
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10
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Klaric KA, Riaz N, Asleh K, Wang XQ, Atalla T, Strickland S, Nielsen TO, Kos Z. SOX10 is a highly specific biomarker of basal-like breast cancer. Histopathology 2021; 80:589-597. [PMID: 34725848 DOI: 10.1111/his.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive molecular subtype associated with younger age and early relapse. Most cases lack expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, limiting targeted therapeutic options. Basal-like breast cancer is defined by expression of genes in the outer/basally-located epithelial layer of mammary glands including those encoding cytokeratins 5 and 14, and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). SOX10, a readily available immunohistochemical stain, is expressed in a subset of breast cancers, particularly triple-negative carcinomas. In this study, we sought to (i) assess the association between SOX10 expression and intrinsic molecular subtypes as defined by PAM50 gene expression and (ii) compare the performance of SOX10 to other surrogate markers of basal-like subtype, including CK5, EGFR, nestin and INPP4b. METHODS AND RESULTS SOX10 immunostaining was performed on tissue microarrays constructed from a contemporary series enriched for ER negative and weakly positive cancers, which had also undergone PAM50 gene profiling. A total of 211 cases were informative for both SOX10 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PAM50 subtype, including 103 basal-like. Staining for SOX10 was positive in 73/103 basal-like cancers and only 2/108 other subtypes (p<0.001), resulting in a sensitivity of 70.9% and a specificity of 98.1%. SOX10 was more specific than the other tested basal-markers and the results were independent of estrogen receptor status. CONCLUSIONS SOX10 is a moderately sensitive, but highly specific IHC biomarker for the basal-like intrinsic subtype of breast cancer, which unlike other commonly used IHC biomarkers, is independent of hormone receptor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina-Ana Klaric
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nazia Riaz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
| | - Karama Asleh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiu Qing Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tadros Atalla
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Strickland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Serkad CPV, Attuluri AK, Basavaraj C, Adinarayan M, Krishnamoorthy N, Ananthamurthy SB, Mallikarjuna SE, Bakre MM. Validation of CanAssist Breast immunohistochemistry biomarkers on an automated platform and its applicability in tissue microarray. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2021; 14:1013-1021. [PMID: 34760037 PMCID: PMC8569307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CanAssist Breast (CAB) is a prognostic test for early-stage hormone receptor-positive invasive breast cancer. The test involves performing immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for five biomarkers, namely CD44, ABCC4, ABCC11, N-cadherin, and pan-cadherin. In addition to IHC grading information, three clinical features, i.e., tumor size, grade, and lymph node status, serve as input into the machine learning-based algorithm to generate the CAB risk score. CAB was developed and initially validated using manual IHC. This study's objectives included: i) automate CAB IHC on an autostainer and establish its performance equivalence with manual IHC ii) validate CAB test using samples in Tissue MicroArray (TMA) format. IHC for CAB biomarkers was standardized on Ventana BenchMark XT autostainer. Two IHC methods were compared for IHC gradings and corresponding CAB risk scores/risk categories. A concordance analysis was done using MedCalcTM software. The manual and automated IHC staining methods exhibited a high level of concordance on IHC gradings for 40 cases with an Intra-class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of >0.85 for 4 of 5 biomarkers. 100% concordance was achieved in risk categorization (low- or high-risk), with very good agreement between the risk scores demonstrated by a kappa statistic of 0.83. TMA versus whole tissue section concordance was analyzed using 45 samples on an autostainer, and the data showed 92% concordance in terms of risk category. The results confirm the equivalence between manual and automated staining methods and demonstrate the utility of TMA as an acceptable format for CanAssist Breast testing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chetana Basavaraj
- OncoStem Diagnostics Private Limited Bangalore 560027, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Manjiri M Bakre
- OncoStem Diagnostics Private Limited Bangalore 560027, Karnataka, India
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12
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Hacısalihoğlu UP, Dogan MA. Expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2 protein and Ki-67 proliferation index in breast carcinoma in both tumor tissue and tissue microarray. Biotech Histochem 2021; 97:298-305. [PMID: 34519589 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2021.1973102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment is tailored to molecular subtypes, which are classified by cell type and by presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2 overexpression and Ki-67 proliferation index. In routine pathological practice, these markers are detected in tumor tissue using immunohistochemistry, which requires four immunohistochemical antibodies for each patient. We developed a new tissue microarray procedure using a punch device with a 6 mm core diameter. The presence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER2 expression and the Ki-67 proliferation index of tumor tissues of 50 breast carcinoma patients had been determined using the conventional approach. We created three tissue microarray blocks, each containing samples from 14 main tumor tissues. One tissue microarray block was created with samples taken from eight main tumor tissues. Sections were cut from the four blocks and subjected to immunohistochemical staining; the original samples and the microarrays then were compared. We found significant agreement between estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2 expression as well as Ki-67 proliferation index status of the original tumor tissues and the tissue microarray. Our tissue microarray technique using a single 6 mm core is a reliable and cost-effective method for determining estrogen and progesterone receptors, HER-2 status and Ki-67 proliferation index levels in patients with early breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- U P Hacısalihoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Gaziosmanpasa Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M A Dogan
- Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Acrolein contributes to human colorectal tumorigenesis through the activation of RAS-MAPK pathway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12590. [PMID: 34131238 PMCID: PMC8206110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92035-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most well-known malignancies with high prevalence and poor 5-year survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that a high-fat diet (HFD) is capable of increasing the odds of developing CRC. Acrolein, an IARC group 2A carcinogen, can be formed from carbohydrates, vegetable oils, animal fats, and amino acids through the Maillard reaction during the preparation of foods. Consequently, humans are at risk of acrolein exposure through the consumption of foods rich in fat. However, whether acrolein contributes to HFD-induced CRC has not been determined. In this study, we found that acrolein induced oncogenic transformation, including faster cell cycling, proliferation, soft agar formation, sphere formation and cell migration, in NIH/3T3 cells. Using xenograft tumorigenicity assays, the acrolein-transformed NIH/3T3 clone formed tumors. In addition, cDNA microarray and bioinformatics studies by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis pointed to the fact that RAS/MAPK pathway was activated in acrolein-transformed clones that contributed to colon tumorigenesis. Furthermore, acrolein-induced DNA damages (Acr-dG adducts) were higher in CRC tumor tissues than in normal epithelial cells in CRC patients. Notably, CRC patients with higher levels of Acr-dG adducts appeared to have better prognosis. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time that acrolein is important in oncogenic transformation through activation of the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, contributing to colon tumorigenesis.
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Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Expression in Breast Cancer and Its Association with Carbonic Anhydrase IX and Immune Checkpoints. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051022. [PMID: 33804486 PMCID: PMC7957699 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Preclinical studies suggest that interactions between granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX regulate the trafficking and function of immune cells in the tumour microenvironment. We investigated the clinical significance of this crosstalk by analyzing the protein expression of G-CSF and macrophage markers by immunohistochemistry on a well-characterized tissue microarray series of invasive breast cancers. We report that high expression of G-CSF on breast carcinoma cells is linked with significantly improved survival in an important group of breast cancers that do not respond to hormonal therapy. These tumours were infiltrated by immune cells expressing biomarkers that can be targeted with immune checkpoint inhibitor drugs. In contrast, carbonic anhydrase IX expression was associated with unfavourable outcomes. Abstract Purpose: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and hypoxia modulate the tumour immune microenvironment. In model systems, hypoxia-induced carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) has been associated with G-CSF and immune responses, including M2 polarization of macrophages. We investigated whether these associations exist in human breast cancer specimens, their relation to breast cancer subtypes, and clinical outcome. Methods: Using validated protocols and prespecified scoring methodology, G-CSF expression on carcinoma cells and CD163 expression on tumour-associated macrophages were assayed by immunohistochemistry and applied to a tissue microarray series of 2960 primary excision specimens linked to clinicopathologic, biomarker, and outcome data. Results: G-CSFhigh expression showed a significant positive association with ER negativity, HER2 positivity, presence of CD163+ M2 macrophages, and CAIX expression. In univariate analysis, G-CSFhigh phenotype was associated with improved survival in non-luminal cases, although the CAIX+ subset had a significantly adverse prognosis. A significant positive association was observed between immune checkpoint biomarkers on tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and both G-CSF- and CAIX-expressing carcinoma cells. Immune checkpoint biomarkers correlated significantly with favourable prognosis in G-CSFhigh/non-luminal cases independent of standard clinicopathological features. Conclusions: The prognostic associations linking G-CSF to immune biomarkers and CAIX strongly support their immunomodulatory roles in the tumour microenvironment.
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15
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Vanderbeck K, Orr CE, Parvinnejad N, Wang T, Bradshaw S, Wang A, Asai Y. Filaggrin expression via immunohistochemistry in basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 48:877-883. [PMID: 33543489 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filaggrin is a protein integral to the structure and function of the epidermis. Filaggrin (FLG) loss-of-function (LOF) mutations are common and increase the risk of developing atopic dermatitis (AD) and ichthyosis vulgaris (IV). Epidemiologic data suggest a link between skin cancer and AD. We examined if FLG staining pattern can be used to characterize cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), basal cell carcinomas (BCC), and reactive squamous epithelium. METHODS Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were created from 196 cases of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) SCC and 144 BCC cases. TMAs and sections of reactive squamous epithelium were stained with optimized anti-FLG antibody and evaluated for FLG expression (normal, abnormal, or negative). RESULTS FLG was absent in poorly differentiated (PD) compared to well-differentiated (WD) SCC (P < .0001) and moderately-differentiated (MD) (P = .0231) SCC, and in MD compared to WD SCC (P = .0099). Abnormal staining was significantly increased in PD compared to WD cases (P = .0039) and in MD compared to WD cases (P = .0006). Most BCC did not exhibit FLG expression (P < .05). Reactive squamous epithelium demonstrated normal, but exaggerated FLG expression. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the differences in FLG expression patterns in types of keratinocyte carcinomas and their mimickers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Vanderbeck
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine E Orr
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nikoo Parvinnejad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Bradshaw
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ami Wang
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuka Asai
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Kingston Health Sciences Centre and Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Rotman J, den Otter LAS, Bleeker MCG, Samuels SS, Heeren AM, Roemer MGM, Kenter GG, Zijlmans HJMAA, van Trommel NE, de Gruijl TD, Jordanova ES. PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression in Cervical Cancer: Regulation and Biomarker Potential. Front Immunol 2020; 11:596825. [PMID: 33424844 PMCID: PMC7793653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.596825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors show potential for cervical cancer treatment. However, low response rates suggest that patient selection based on PD-L1 protein expression is not optimal. Here, we evaluated different PD-L1 detection methods and studied transcriptional regulation of PD-L1/PD-L2 expression by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) mRNAseq analysis. First, we determined the copy number of the PD-L1/PD-L2 locus by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), PD-L1 mRNA expression by RNA in situ hybridization (RNAish), and PD-L1/PD-L2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tissue microarrays containing a cohort of 60 patients. Additionally, distribution of PD-L1/PD-L2 was visualized based on flow cytometry analysis of single-cell suspensions (n = 10). PD-L1/PD-L2 locus amplification was rare (2%). PD-L1 mRNA expression in tumor cells was detected in 56% of cases, while 41% expressed PD-L1 protein. Discordant scores for PD-L1 protein expression on tumor cells between cores from one patient were observed in 27% of cases. Interestingly, with RNAish, PD-L1 heterogeneity was observed in only 11% of the cases. PD-L2 protein expression was found in 53%. PD-L1 mRNA and protein expression on tumor cells were strongly correlated (p < 0.001). PD-L1 and PD-L2 protein expression showed no correlation on tumor cells (p = 0.837), but a strong correlation on cells in stromal fields (p < 0.001). Co-expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 on macrophage-like populations was also observed with flow cytometry analysis. Both PD-L1 and PD-L2 TCGA transcript levels strongly correlated in the TCGA data, and both PD-L1 and PD-L2 strongly correlated with interferon gamma (IFNG) expression/transcript levels (p < 0.0001). Importantly, patients with high PD-L1/PD-L2/IFNG transcript levels had a survival advantage over patients with high PD-L1/PD-L2 and low IFNG expression. Based on these findings, we conclude that PD-L1/PD-L2 expression in cervical cancer is mainly associated with interferon induction and not gene amplification, which makes FISH unsuitable as biomarker. The heterogeneous PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression patterns suggest IHC unreliable for patient selection. RNAish, in conjunction with interferon signaling evaluation, seems a promising technique for immune checkpoint detection. These results warrant further investigation into their prognostic and predictive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jossie Rotman
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leontine A S den Otter
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sanne S Samuels
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Marijne Heeren
- Department of Medical Oncology Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Margaretha G M Roemer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gemma G Kenter
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Henry J M A A Zijlmans
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nienke E van Trommel
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (NKI-AVL), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanja D de Gruijl
- Department of Medical Oncology Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ekaterina S Jordanova
- Center for Gynecologic Oncology Amsterdam (CGOA), Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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17
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Swartz JE, Wegner I, Noorlag R, van Kempen PMW, van Es RJJ, de Bree R, Willems SMW. HIF-1a expression and differential effects on survival in patients with oral cavity, larynx, and oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck 2020; 43:745-756. [PMID: 33155375 DOI: 10.1002/hed.26530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Under hypoxia, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a transcription factor is overexpressed. We investigated whether there were site differences in HIF-1a expression and its effect on patient outcomes per subsite. DESIGN/METHOD A total of 941 patients with HNSCC in the squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (OPSCC, n = 302), oral cavity (OSCC, n = 391), or larynx (LSCC, n = 248) were included. Expression of HIF-1a in tissue samples was investigated using immunohistochemistry. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and locoregional control (LRC) were analyzed. RESULTS HIF-1a expression was higher in OSCC than in LSCC and OPSCC. High HIF-1a expression led to worse prognosis in OPSCC (OS P = .029, DFS P = .085) and LSCC (OS P = .041, DFS P = .011) and better in OSCC (OS P = .055, DFS P = .012). There was no association between HIF-1a and LRC. CONCLUSIONS High HIF-1a expression is related to poor outcome in OPSCC and LSCC and better outcome in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E Swartz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Inge Wegner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Rob Noorlag
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pauline M W van Kempen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Robert J J van Es
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Remco de Bree
- Department of Head and Neck Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Stefan M W Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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18
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Bechmann MB, Brydholm AV, Codony VL, Kim J, Villadsen R. Heterogeneity of CEACAM5 in breast cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:3886-3899. [PMID: 33196697 PMCID: PMC7597409 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
CEACAM5 is overexpressed in many primary breast carcinomas. However, the exact role of CEACAM5 in breast cancer tumorigenesis remains unresolved. Here, we examined a repository of 110 cryopreserved primary breast carcinomas by immunohistochemistry to assess the distribution of CEACAM5 in tumor subtypes. The majority of estrogen receptor-positive and HER2-overexpressing tumors were CEACAM5-positive, whereas most of Triple-negative tumors were negative. Assessing sample sets of paired primary breast cancers and corresponding lymph node lesions from a total of 59 patients revealed a high correlation between primary tumor and lymph node with regard to CEACAM5-status. However, a notable subset of sample sets demonstrated intratumoral heterogeneity in the primary tumor, the metastatic lesion or both, suggesting that both CEACAM5-positive and –negative cells can play a role in tumor dissemination. When examining the consequence of expression of CEACAM5 in breast cancer cell lines in culture assays we found that CEACAM5-expressing cells were less invasive. In survival analysis, using cohort studies of breast cancer, expression of CEACAM5 predicted different clinical outcomes depending on molecular subtypes. Altogether, our analysis suggests that CEACAM5 plays a context-dependent role in breast cancer that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc B Bechmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas V Brydholm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Victoria L Codony
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - René Villadsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Dancsok AR, Gao D, Lee AF, Steigen SE, Blay JY, Thomas DM, Maki RG, Nielsen TO, Demicco EG. Tumor-associated macrophages and macrophage-related immune checkpoint expression in sarcomas. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1747340. [PMID: 32313727 PMCID: PMC7153829 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1747340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early trials for immune checkpoint inhibitors in sarcomas have delivered mixed results, and efforts to improve outcomes now look to combinatorial strategies with novel immunotherapeutics, including some that target macrophages. To enhance our understanding of the sarcoma immune landscape, we quantified and characterized tumor-associated macrophage infiltration and expression of the targetable macrophage-related immune checkpoint CD47/SIRPα across sarcoma types. We surveyed immunohistochemical expression of CD68, CD163, CD47, and SIRPα in tissue microarrays of 1242 sarcoma specimens (spanning 24 types). Non-translocation sarcomas, particularly undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma and dedifferentiated liposarcoma, had significantly higher counts of both CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages than translocation-associated sarcomas. Across nearly all sarcoma types, macrophages outnumbered tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and CD163+ (M2-like) macrophages outnumbered CD68+ (M1-like) macrophages. These findings were supported by data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, which showed a correlation between increasing macrophage contributions to immune infiltration and several measures of DNA damage. CD47 expression was bimodal, with most cases showing either 0% or >90% tumor cell staining, and the highest CD47 scores were observed in chordoma, angiosarcoma, and pleomorphic liposarcoma. SIRPα scores correlated well with CD47 expression. Given the predominance of macrophage infiltrates over tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, the bias toward M2-like (immunosuppressive) macrophage polarization, and the generally high scores for CD47 and SIRPα, macrophage-focused immunomodulatory agents, such as CD47 or IDO-1 inhibitors, may be particularly worthwhile to pursue in sarcoma patients, alone or in combination with lymphocyte-focused agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. Dancsok
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anna F. Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonja Eriksson Steigen
- Clinical Pathology and Institute of Medical Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital of Northern Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard and University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - David M. Thomas
- The Kinghorn Cancer Centre and Cancer Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Robert G. Maki
- Northwell Health Monter Cancer Center and Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Lake Success, NY, USA
| | - Torsten O. Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute and University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth G. Demicco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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20
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Zhao L, Lee VHF, Ng MK, Yan H, Bijlsma MF. Molecular subtyping of cancer: current status and moving toward clinical applications. Brief Bioinform 2020; 20:572-584. [PMID: 29659698 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a collection of genetic diseases, with large phenotypic differences and genetic heterogeneity between different types of cancers and even within the same cancer type. Recent advances in genome-wide profiling provide an opportunity to investigate global molecular changes during the development and progression of cancer. Meanwhile, numerous statistical and machine learning algorithms have been designed for the processing and interpretation of high-throughput molecular data. Molecular subtyping studies have allowed the allocation of cancer into homogeneous groups that are considered to harbor similar molecular and clinical characteristics. Furthermore, this has helped researchers to identify both actionable targets for drug design as well as biomarkers for response prediction. In this review, we introduce five frequently applied techniques for generating molecular data, which are microarray, RNA sequencing, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, NanoString and tissue microarray. Commonly used molecular data for cancer subtyping and clinical applications are discussed. Next, we summarize a workflow for molecular subtyping of cancer, including data preprocessing, cluster analysis, supervised classification and subtype characterizations. Finally, we identify and describe four major challenges in the molecular subtyping of cancer that may preclude clinical implementation. We suggest that standardized methods should be established to help identify intrinsic subgroup signatures and build robust classifiers that pave the way toward stratified treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Victor H F Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Michael K Ng
- Centre for Mathematical Imaging and Vision and Department of Mathematics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Maarten F Bijlsma
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam and Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Reliable Gene Expression Profiling from Small and Hematoxylin and Eosin–Stained Clinical Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Specimens Using the HTG EdgeSeq Platform. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:796-807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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22
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Wang CW, Lee YC, Calista E, Zhou F, Zhu H, Suzuki R, Komura D, Ishikawa S, Cheng SP. A benchmark for comparing precision medicine methods in thyroid cancer diagnosis using tissue microarrays. Bioinformatics 2019; 34:1767-1773. [PMID: 29293907 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation The aim of precision medicine is to harness new knowledge and technology to optimize the timing and targeting of interventions for maximal therapeutic benefit. This study explores the possibility of building AI models without precise pixel-level annotation in prediction of the tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, cancer stage and BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer diagnosis, providing the patients' background information, histopathological and immunohistochemical tissue images. Results A novel framework for objective evaluation of automatic patient diagnosis algorithms has been established under the auspices of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2017- A Grand Challenge for Tissue Microarray Analysis in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis. Here, we present the datasets, methods and results of the challenge and lay down the principles for future uses of this benchmark. The main contributions of the challenge include the creation of the data repository of tissue microarrays; the creation of the clinical diagnosis classification data repository of thyroid cancer; and the definition of objective quantitative evaluation for comparison and ranking of the algorithms. With this benchmark, three automatic methods for predictions of the five clinical outcomes have been compared, and detailed quantitative evaluation results are presented in this paper. Based on the quantitative evaluation results, we believe automatic patient diagnosis is still a challenging and unsolved problem. Availability and implementation The datasets and the evaluation software will be made available to the research community, further encouraging future developments in this field. (http://www-o.ntust.edu.tw/cvmi/ISBI2017/). Contact cweiwang@mail.ntust.edu.tw. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,NTUST Center of Computer Vision and Medical Imaging, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lee
- NTUST Center of Computer Vision and Medical Imaging, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Evelyne Calista
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan.,NTUST Center of Computer Vision and Medical Imaging, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hongtu Zhu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Ryohei Suzuki
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Komura
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shumpei Ishikawa
- Department of Genomic Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shih-Ping Cheng
- Department of Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Walker AK, Karaszi K, Valentine H, Strauss VY, Choudhury A, McGill S, Wen K, Brown MD, Ramani V, Bhattarai S, Teo MTW, Yang L, Myers KA, Deshmukh N, Denley H, Browning L, Love SB, Iyer G, Clarke NW, Hall E, Huddart R, James ND, Hoskin PJ, West CML, Kiltie AE. MRE11 as a Predictive Biomarker of Outcome After Radiation Therapy in Bladder Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019; 104:809-818. [PMID: 30885775 PMCID: PMC6588678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Organ-confined muscle-invasive bladder cancer is treated with cystectomy or bladder preservation techniques, including radiation therapy. There are currently no biomarkers to inform management decisions and aid patient choice. Previously we showed high levels of MRE11 protein, assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), predicted outcome after radiation therapy, but not cystectomy. Therefore, we sought to develop the MRE11 IHC assay for clinical use and define its relationship to clinical outcome in samples from 2 major clinical trials. METHODS AND MATERIALS Samples from the BCON and BC2001 randomized controlled trials and a cystectomy cohort were stained using automated IHC methods and scored for MRE11 in 3 centers in the United Kingdom. RESULTS Despite step-wise creation of scoring cards and standard operating procedures for staining and interpretation, there was poor intercenter scoring agreement (kappa, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.47). No significant associations between MRE11 scores and cause-specific survival were identified in BCON (n = 132) and BC2001 (n = 221) samples. Reoptimized staining improved agreement between scores from BCON tissue microarrays (n = 116), but MRE11 expression was not prognostic for cause-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS Manual IHC scoring of MRE11 was not validated as a reproducible biomarker of radiation-based bladder preservation success. There is a need for automated quantitative methods or a reassessment of how DNA-damage response relates to clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Walker
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katalin Karaszi
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Valentine
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Victoria Y Strauss
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun McGill
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kaisheng Wen
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael D Brown
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Vijay Ramani
- Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Selina Bhattarai
- Department of Histopathology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T W Teo
- Leeds Cancer Centre, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Lingjian Yang
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin A Myers
- Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nayneeta Deshmukh
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Denley
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Browning
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon B Love
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gopa Iyer
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York
| | - Noel W Clarke
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Hall
- Clinical Trials and Statistics Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Huddart
- Academic Uro-Oncology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, London, United Kingdom; The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D James
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Hoskin
- Cancer Centre, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, United Kingdom; Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Catharine M L West
- Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anne E Kiltie
- CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Subasinghe D, Acott N, Kumarasinghe MP. A survival guide to HER2 testing in gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 2019; 90:44-54. [PMID: 30928424 DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status determines gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas that benefit from targeted therapy; hence, HER2 testing has become a routine practice. Accurate HER2 testing is fundamental to select eligible patients who will benefit from HER2-targeted treatment. The reported HER2-positive rate in gastric/GEJ cancers ranges from 4.4% to 53.4%, and HER2-positive tumors are considered to have more-aggressive biologic behavior and tumor recurrence. Main modalities of HER2 testing in clinical practice include immunohistochemistry (IHC) for protein expression and in situ hybridization (ISH) for gene amplification. Many technical pitfalls affect the accuracy of HER2 result. Additionally, several issues in HER2 testing are related to the tumor biology, sample selection, interpretation of IHC and ISH results, and confirming HER2 status. Therefore, gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma-specific HER2 testing protocols have been developed and standardized to minimize the impact of these preanalytical and analytical factors and to enhance reproducibility of HER2 testing results. This review provides up-to-date practical guidance to clinicians on accurate HER2 testing and interpretation of results in gastric/GEJ adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duminda Subasinghe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Digestive Disease Unit, Aintree University Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth and University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nathan Acott
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Perth and University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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25
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Chromogenic and Silver in Situ Hybridization for Identification of HER 2 Overexpression in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 28:411-421. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Recommendations for Tissue Microarray Construction and Quality Assurance. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 28:325-330. [PMID: 31033496 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) are important tools to conserve precious tissue resources from increasingly smaller biopsies and to control experimental costs and variation across sample sets. The quality assurance assessment of TMA materials created at centralized biobanks has not been standardized. Herein, we outline 2 processes for the construction of TMAs ("recipient block" and "tape" methods) and the associated preconstruction quality control measures (pathology review, protein and RNA assessment, map creation, and storage conditions) developed by the AIDS Cancer Specimen Resource (ACSR) Network's Science and Technology Core. These steps provide a suggested framework for quality assessment that allows end-users, receiving materials from tissue banks, confidence in their experimental results.
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Yan D, Randolph T, Zou J, Gong P. Incorporating Deep Features in the Analysis of Tissue Microarray Images. STATISTICS AND ITS INTERFACE 2019; 12:283-293. [PMID: 34765082 PMCID: PMC8579945 DOI: 10.4310/sii.2019.v12.n2.a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tissue microarray (TMA) images have been used increasingly often in cancer studies and the validation of biomarkers. TACOMA-a cutting-edge automatic scoring algorithm for TMA images-is comparable to pathologists in terms of accuracy and repeatability. Here we consider how this algorithm may be further improved. Inspired by the recent success of deep learning, we propose to incorporate representations learnable through computation. We explore representations of a group nature through unsupervised learning, e.g., hierarchical clustering and recursive space partition. Information carried by clustering or spatial partitioning may be more concrete than the labels when the data are heterogeneous, or could help when the labels are noisy. The use of such information could be viewed as regularization in model fitting. It is motivated by major challenges in TMA image scoring-heterogeneity and label noise, and the cluster assumption in semi-supervised learning. Using this information on TMA images of breast cancer, we have reduced the error rate of TACOMA by about 6%. Further simulations on synthetic data provide insights on when such representations would likely help. Although we focus on TMAs, learnable representations of this type are expected to be applicable in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jian Zou
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA 01609, USA
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28
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Cui Y, Song M, Kim SY. Prognostic significance of fatty acid binding protein-4 in the invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Pathol Int 2019; 69:68-75. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yinji Cui
- Department of Pathology; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Meiying Song
- Department of Pathology; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Department of Pathology; College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences; College of Medicine; The Catholic University of Korea; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Asleh K, Lyck Carstensen S, Tykjaer Jørgensen CL, Burugu S, Gao D, Won JR, Jensen MB, Balslev E, Laenkholm AV, Nielsen DL, Ejlertsen B, Nielsen TO. Basal biomarkers nestin and INPP4B predict gemcitabine benefit in metastatic breast cancer: Samples from the phase III SBG0102 clinical trial. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:2578-2586. [PMID: 30411790 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In a formal prospective-retrospective analysis of the phase III SBG0102 clinical trial randomizing metastatic breast cancer patients to gemcitabine-docetaxel or to single agent docetaxel, patients with basal-like tumors by PAM50 gene expression had significantly better overall survival in the gemcitabine arm. By immunohistochemistry (IHC), triple negative status was not predictive, but more specific biomarkers have since become available defining basal-like by nestin positivity or loss of inositol-polyphosphate-4-phosphate (INPP4B). Here, we evaluate their capacity to identify which patients benefit from gemcitabine in the metastatic setting. Nestin and INPP4B staining and interpretation followed published methods. A prespecified statistical plan evaluated the primary hypothesis that patients with basal-like breast cancer, defined as "nestin+ or INPP4B-", would have superior overall survival on gemcitabine-docetaxel when compared to docetaxel. Interaction tests, Kaplan-Meier curves and forest plots were used to assess prognostic and predictive capacities of biomarkers relative to treatment. Among 239 cases evaluable for our study, 36 (15%) had been classified as basal-like by PAM50. "Nestin+ or INPP4B-" was observed in 41 (17%) of the total cases and was significantly associated with PAM50 basal-like subtype. Within an estimated median follow-up of 13 years, patients assigned as IHC basal "nestin+ or INPP4B-" had significantly better overall survival on gemcitabine-docetaxel versus docetaxel monotherapy (HR = 0.31, 95%CI: 0.16-0.60), whereas no differences were observed for other patients (HR = 0.99), p-interaction < 0.01. In the metastatic setting, women with IHC basal breast cancers defined as "nestin+ or INPP4B-" have superior overall survival when randomized to gemcitabine-containing chemotherapy compared to docetaxel alone. These findings need to be validated using larger prospective-retrospective phase III clinical trials series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karama Asleh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | | | - Samantha Burugu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Eva Balslev
- Department of Pathology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Dorte L Nielsen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Bent Ejlertsen
- Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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30
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de Vries LH, Lodewijk L, Willems SM, Dreijerink KMA, de Keizer B, van Diest PJ, Schepers A, Bonenkamp HJ, van Engen-van Grunsven IACH, Kruijff S, van Hemel BM, Links TP, Nieveen van Dijkum EJM, van Eeden S, Valk GD, Borel Rinkes IHM, Vriens MR. SSTR2A expression in medullary thyroid carcinoma is correlated with longer survival. Endocrine 2018; 62:639-647. [PMID: 30128959 PMCID: PMC6244936 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) derives from the parafollicular C-cells of the thyroid gland. Somatostatin receptors (SSTRs) are expressed in various neuroendocrine tumours including MTC. The aim of this study was to evaluate SSTR2A as a prognostic factor for MTC, to study distribution of SSTR2A expression within tumours and to compare expression of SSTR2A between primary tumours and corresponding lymph node metastases. METHODS Patients who underwent surgery between 1988 and 2014 for MTC from five tertiary referral centres in The Netherlands were included. In total, primary tumours of 114 patients and lymph node metastases of 34 patients were analysed for expression of SSTR2A using a tissue microarray, and correlated with clinicopathological variables and survival. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 45.5 years (SD 16.2), 55 patients were male (49.5%). Primary tumours of 58 patients (50.9%) showed SSTR2A expression. In multivariate Cox-regression analysis, SSTR2A positivity correlated independently with better overall survival (OS) (HR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1-1.0). In stage IV MTC patients, 10-year survival rates for SSTR2A-negative and positive patients were 43% and 96%, respectively. In 53.9% of patients with lymph node metastases, expression in primary tumour and lymph node metastases differed. CONCLUSION SSTR2A expression is correlated with longer OS in MTC, especially for stage IV patients, suggesting that SSTR2A expression might be a useful prognostic factor in MTC. The SSTR2A status of the primary MTC does not predict expression in lymph node metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa H de Vries
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lutske Lodewijk
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan M Willems
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Koen M A Dreijerink
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Keizer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abbey Schepers
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Centre, Albinusdreef 2, 2333ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Han J Bonenkamp
- Department of Surgery, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525GA, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Schelto Kruijff
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bettien M van Hemel
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thera P Links
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els J M Nieveen van Dijkum
- Department of Surgery, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne van Eeden
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof D Valk
- Department of Endocrine Oncology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inne H M Borel Rinkes
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno R Vriens
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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31
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Muscatello LV, Di Oto E, Sarli G, Monti V, Foschini MP, Benazzi C, Brunetti B. HER2 Amplification Status in Feline Mammary Carcinoma: A Tissue Microarray-Fluorescence In Situ Hydridization-Based Study. Vet Pathol 2018; 56:230-238. [PMID: 30384816 DOI: 10.1177/0300985818808531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a tyrosine kinase receptor overexpressed in a subset of breast cancer due to HER2 gene amplification. HER2 protein is expressed in feline mammary carcinomas, but little is known about its cytogenetic alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate HER2 gene amplification status and its correlation with HER2 protein expression in feline mammary carcinomas. Feline mammary carcinomas were retrospectively selected and immunohistochemically (IHC) evaluated for HER2 protein expression. All the HER2 IHC-positive (3+) and equivocal (2+) cases and a subset of negative cases (0/1+) were selected for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Dual-core tissue microarrays were prepared for FISH. IHC and FISH were evaluated according to the 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists guidelines. The study included 107 feline mammary carcinomas from 88 queens. HER2 protein expression was positive (3+) in 7 cases (6.5%), equivocal (2+) in 48 cases (45%), and negative (0/1+) in 52 cases (48.5%). HER2 status was indeterminate in 8 feline mammary carcinomas (12%), amplified in 3 (4%), equivocal in 4 (6%), and nonamplified in 53 (78%). HER2 gene amplification and protein expression were significantly positively correlated ( R = 0.283; P < .0001). HER2 gene is amplified in a subset of feline mammary carcinomas despite the HER2 positive or equivocal protein expression, but it remains to be determined if the HER2 amplification is a gene alteration that drives mammary tumor carcinogenesis or only a bystander passenger mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Vera Muscatello
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Enrico Di Oto
- 2 Molecular Pathology-Anatomic Pathology Laboratory, Oncological Institute "F.Addarii"-S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Giuseppe Sarli
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria Pia Foschini
- 4 Anatomic Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Benazzi
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Brunetti
- 1 Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Mandel A, Larsson P, Sarwar M, Semenas J, Syed Khaja AS, Persson JL. The interplay between AR, EGF receptor and MMP-9 signaling pathways in invasive prostate cancer. Mol Med 2018; 24:34. [PMID: 30134822 PMCID: PMC6020326 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0035-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic Prostate cancer (PCa) cells have gained survival and invasive advantages. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase, which may mediate signalling to promote progression and invasion of various cancers. In this study, we uncovered the molecular mechanisms underlying the interconnection among the androgen receptor (AR), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) and EGFR in promoting PCa progression. Methods Immunohistochemical analysis of the tissue microarrays consisting of primary and metastatic PCa tissues was performed. The clinical importance of EGFR and its association with survivals were analyzed using three cohorts from MSKCC Prostate Oncogenome Project dataset (For primary tumors, n = 181; for metastatic tumors n = 37) and The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma Provisional dataset (n = 495). Targeted overexpression or inhibition of the proteins of interests was introduced into PCa cell lines. Treatment of PCa cell lines with the compounds was conducted. Immunoblot analysis was performed. Results We showed that AR, MMP-9 and EGFR are interconnect factors, which may cooperatively promote PCa progression. Altered EGFR expression was associated with poor disease-free survival in PCa patients. Induced overexpression of AR led to an increase in the expression of EGFR, p-GSK-3β and decrease in p27 expression in PCa cell lines in the presence of androgen stimulation. Overexpression of MMP9 significantly induced EGFR expression in PCa cells. Inhibition of PIP5K1α, a lipid kinase that acts upstream of PI3K/AKT greatly reduced expressions of AR, MMP-9 and EGFR. Conclusions Our findings also suggest that PCa cells may utilize AR, EGFR and MMP-9 pathways in androgen-dependent as well as in castration-resistant conditions. Our data suggest a new therapeutic potential to block cancer metastasis by targeting AR, EGFR and MMP-9 pathways in subsets of PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mandel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Larsson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martuza Sarwar
- Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gatan 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Julius Semenas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jenny L Persson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden. .,Division of Experimental Cancer Research, Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Research Centre, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gatan 35, 205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
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Lodewijk L, van Diest P, van der Groep P, Ter Hoeve N, Schepers A, Morreau J, Bonenkamp J, van Engen-van Grunsven A, Kruijff S, van Hemel B, Links T, Nieveen van Dijkum E, van Eeden S, Valk G, Borel Rinkes I, Vriens M. Expression of HIF-1α in medullary thyroid cancer identifies a subgroup with poor prognosis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:28650-28659. [PMID: 28404916 PMCID: PMC5438680 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) comprises only 4% of all thyroid cancers and originates from the parafollicular C-cells. HIF-1α expression has been implied as an indicator of worse prognosis in various solid tumors. However, whether expression of HIF-1α is a prognosticator in MTC remained unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic value of HIF-1α in patients with MTC. Methods All patients with MTC who were operated on between 1988 and 2014 in five tertiary referral centers in The Netherlands were included. A tissue microarray was constructed in which 111 primary tumors could be analyzed for expression of HIF-1α, CAIX, Glut-1, VEGF and CD31 and correlated with clinicopathologic variables and survival. Results The mean age of patients was 46.3 years (SD 15.6), 59 (53.2%) were male. Of the 111 primary tumors, 49 (44.1%) were HIF-1α negative and 62 (55.9%) were HIF-1α positive. Positive HIF-1α expression was an independent negative indicator for progression free survival (PFS) in multivariate cox regression analysis (HR 3.1; 95% CI 1.3 – 7.3). Five-years survival decreased from 94.0% to 65.9% for the HIF-1α positive group (p=0.007). Even within the group of patients with TNM-stage IV disease, HIF-1α positivity was associated with a worse prognosis, shown by a decrease in 5-years survival of 88.0% to 49.3% (p=0.020). Conclusion Expression of HIF-1α is strongly correlated with adverse prognosis of MTC. This could open up new ways for targeted systemic therapy of MTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutske Lodewijk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Surgery, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul van Diest
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petra van der Groep
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Natalie Ter Hoeve
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Pathology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Abbey Schepers
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Morreau
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pathology, 2333ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Bonenkamp
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Surgery, Nijmegen 6525GA, The Netherlands
| | | | - Schelto Kruijff
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Surgery, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bettien van Hemel
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Thera Links
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Nieveen van Dijkum
- Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Surgery, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne van Eeden
- Academic Medical Center Amsterdam, Department of Pathology, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerlof Valk
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Endocrine Oncology, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inne Borel Rinkes
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Surgery, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Menno Vriens
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Surgery, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Costa V, Fregnani ER, Fonseca FP, Abreu Alves F, Pinto CAL, Kaminagakura E. EGFR is not amplified in ameloblastoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2018; 125:454-458. [PMID: 29602688 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate alterations in the EGFR gene and its protein expression for a better understanding of the biologic behavior of ameloblastoma. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-five samples of ameloblastoma were selected, and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was performed. The results of the assay and immunohistochemistry reaction for EGFR and Ki67 were associated with clinicopathologic features and recurrence. RESULTS All analyzed cases presented disomy without any gene polysomy or amplification. With regard to EGFR immunoexpression, 3 cases (12%) were considered negative, and 22 (88%) were positive, of which 13 (52%) were weak and 9 (36%) were strong. All samples presented low positivity for Ki67. There was no association between EGFR expression and clinicopathologic features or recurrence (P > .05). In some cases, EGFR immunoexpression was observed without gene amplification. CONCLUSIONS Ameloblastoma development, progression, or recurrence does not appear to be related to EGFR amplification or polysomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Costa
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Paiva Fonseca
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fábio Abreu Alves
- Department of Stomatology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Estela Kaminagakura
- Department of Biosciences and Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Aleskandarany MA, Vandenberghe ME, Marchiò C, Ellis IO, Sapino A, Rakha EA. Tumour Heterogeneity of Breast Cancer: From Morphology to Personalised Medicine. Pathobiology 2018; 85:23-34. [DOI: 10.1159/000477851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Ham SL, Thakuri PS, Plaster M, Li J, Luker KE, Luker GD, Tavana H. Three-dimensional tumor model mimics stromal - breast cancer cells signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 9:249-267. [PMID: 29416611 PMCID: PMC5787462 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor stroma is a major contributor to the biological aggressiveness of cancer cells. Cancer cells induce activation of normal fibroblasts to carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which promote survival, proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of cancer cells. A better understanding of these interactions could lead to new, targeted therapies for cancers with limited treatment options, such as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To overcome limitations of standard monolayer cell cultures and xenograft models that lack tumor complexity and/or human stroma, we have developed a high throughput tumor spheroid technology utilizing a polymeric aqueous two-phase system to conveniently model interactions of CAFs and TNBC cells and quantify effects on signaling and drug resistance of cancer cells. We focused on signaling by chemokine CXCL12, a hallmark molecule secreted by CAFs, and receptor CXCR4, a driver of tumor progression and metastasis in TNBC. Using three-dimensional stromal-TNBC cells cultures, we demonstrate that CXCL12 – CXCR4 signaling significantly increases growth of TNBC cells and drug resistance through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Despite resistance to standard chemotherapy, upregulation of MAPK and PI3K signaling sensitizes TNBC cells in co-culture spheroids to specific inhibitors of these kinase pathways. Furthermore, disrupting CXCL12 – CXCR4 signaling diminishes drug resistance of TNBC cells in co-culture spheroid models. This work illustrates the capability to identify mechanisms of drug resistance and overcome them using our engineered model of tumor-stromal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Lemmo Ham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Pradip Shahi Thakuri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Madison Plaster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Kathryn E Luker
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Radiology, Microbiology and Immunology, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hossein Tavana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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Nestin expression in breast cancer: association with prognosis and subtype on 3641 cases with long-term follow-up. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 168:107-115. [PMID: 29159761 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-017-4583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal-like breast cancers, originally recognized by gene expression profiling, can be clinically identified using immunohistochemical (IHC) definitions that require estrogen receptor (ER) negativity. However, some basal cases are ER positive and are mistakenly considered to be luminal by standard IHC approaches, leading to suboptimal treatment choices. Nestin, an intermediate filament expressed in many stem cells, is a recently identified positive marker of basal-like phenotype independent of ER status. In this study, we evaluated its clinical associations and prognostic capacity in a large breast cancer cohort. METHODS A tissue microarray series of clinically annotated invasive breast cancers with 12.6-year median follow-up was assessed for nestin expression by IHC. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of nestin status, for the primary endpoint of breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). RESULTS Among 3641 cases interpretable for nestin by IHC, positive staining was found in 371 cases (10%) and was significantly associated with poor prognostic factors including other markers of basal-like differentiation. Patients with nestin-positive tumors had a significantly lower 10 year BCSS (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.62-2.40; P < 0.001). Importantly, within the large group of 2323 ER+ cases, nestin positivity identified a subgroup of 120 patients (5%) with a significantly inferior 10-year BCSS (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.10-2.13; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Nestin IHC positivity is associated with the poor clinical outcomes and reduced survival rates that characterize the gene expression basal-like subtype. This easily applicable tool identifies ER+ poor prognosis basal phenotype patients that are currently being missed by "Triple negative" or "Core basal" IHC definitions.
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Peng Y, Prater AR, Deutscher SL. Targeting aggressive prostate cancer-associated CD44v6 using phage display selected peptides. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86747-86768. [PMID: 29156833 PMCID: PMC5689723 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a crucial need to identify new biomarkers associated with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) including those associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). CD44v6, generated by alternative splicing of CD44, has been proposed as a CSC biomarker due to its correlation with aggressive PCa disease. We hypothesized that phage display selected peptides that target CD44v6 may serve as theranostic agents for aggressive PCa. Here, a 15 amino acid peptide ("PFT") was identified by affinity selection against a peptide derived from the v6 region of CD44v6. Synthesized PFT exhibited specific binding to CD44v6 with an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 743.4 nM. PFT also bound CD44v6 highly expressed on human PCa cell lines. Further, an aggressive form of PCa cells (v6A3) was isolated and tagged by a novel CSC reporter vector. The v6A3 cells had a CSC-like phenotype including enriched CD44v6 expression, enhanced clonogenicity, resistance to chemotherapeutics, and generation of heterogeneous offspring. PFT exhibited preferential binding to v6A3 cells compared to parental cells. Immunohistofluorescence studies with human PCa tissue microarrays (TMA) indicated that PFT was highly accurate in detecting CD44v6-positive aggressive PCa cells, and staining positivity was significantly higher in late stage, metastatic and higher-grade samples. Taken together, this study provides for the first time phage display selected peptides that target CD44v6 overexpressed on PCa cells. Peptide PFT may be explored as an aid in the diagnosis and therapy of advanced PCa disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Peng
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Austin R Prater
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Susan L Deutscher
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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39
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Arnli MB, Backer-Grøndahl T, Ytterhus B, Granli US, Lydersen S, Gulati S, Torp SH. Expression and clinical value of EGFR in human meningiomas. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3140. [PMID: 28367377 PMCID: PMC5374971 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meningiomas are common intracranial tumors in humans that frequently recur despite having a predominantly benign nature. Even though these tumors have been shown to commonly express EGFR/c-erbB1 (epidermal growth factor receptor), results from previous studies are uncertain regarding the expression of either intracellular or extracellular domains, cellular localization, activation state, relations to malignancy grade, and prognosis. Aims This study was designed to investigate the expression of the intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR and of the activated receptor as well as its ligands EGF and TGFα in a large series of meningiomas with long follow-up data, and investigate if there exists an association between antibody expression and clinical and histological data. Methods A series of 186 meningiomas consecutively operated within a 10-year period was included. Tissue microarrays were constructed and immunohistochemically analyzed with antibodies targeting intracellular and extracellular domains of EGFR, phosphorylated receptor, and EGF and TGFα. Expression levels were recorded as a staining index (SI). Results Positive immunoreactivity was observed for all antibodies in most cases. There was in general high SIs for the intracellular domain of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR, EGF, and TGFα but lower for the extracellular domain. Normal meninges were negative for all antibodies. Higher SIs for the phosphorylated EGFR were observed in grade II tumors compared with grade I (p = 0.018). Survival or recurrence was significantly decreased in the time to recurrence analysis (TTR) with high SI-scores of the extracellular domain in a univariable survival analysis (HR 1.152, CI (1.036–1.280, p = 0.009)). This was not significant in a multivariable analysis. Expression of the other antigens did not affect survival. Conclusion EGFR is overexpressed and in an activated state in human meningiomas. High levels of ligands also support this growth factor receptor system to be involved in meningioma tumorigenesis. EGFR may be a potential candidate for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus B Arnli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Thomas Backer-Grøndahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Borgny Ytterhus
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Unn S Granli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Cellular and Molecular Imaging Core Facility (CMIC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Sasha Gulati
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Sverre H Torp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pathology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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40
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Eskaros AR, Egloff SAA, Boyd KL, Richardson JE, Hyndman ME, Zijlstra A. Larger core size has superior technical and analytical accuracy in bladder tissue microarray. J Transl Med 2017; 97:335-342. [PMID: 28112755 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The construction of tissue microarrays (TMAs) with cores from a large number of paraffin-embedded tissues (donors) into a single paraffin block (recipient) is an effective method of analyzing samples from many patient specimens simultaneously. For the TMA to be successful, the cores within it must capture the correct histologic areas from the donor blocks (technical accuracy) and maintain concordance with the tissue of origin (analytical accuracy). This can be particularly challenging for tissues with small histological features such as small islands of carcinoma in situ (CIS), thin layers of normal urothelial lining of the bladder, or cancers that exhibit intratumor heterogeneity. In an effort to create a comprehensive TMA of a bladder cancer patient cohort that accurately represents the tumor heterogeneity and captures the small features of normal and CIS, we determined how core size (0.6 vs 1.0 mm) impacted the technical and analytical accuracy of the TMA. The larger 1.0 mm core exhibited better technical accuracy for all tissue types at 80.9% (normal), 94.2% (tumor), and 71.4% (CIS) compared with 58.6%, 85.9%, and 63.8% for 0.6 mm cores. Although the 1.0 mm core provided better tissue capture, increasing the number of replicates from two to three allowed with the 0.6 mm core compensated for this reduced technical accuracy. However, quantitative image analysis of proliferation using both Ki67+ immunofluorescence counts and manual mitotic counts demonstrated that the 1.0 mm core size also exhibited significantly greater analytical accuracy (P=0.004 and 0.035, respectively, r2=0.979 and 0.669, respectively). Ultimately, our findings demonstrate that capturing two or more 1.0 mm cores for TMA construction provides superior technical and analytical accuracy over the smaller 0.6 mm cores, especially for tissues harboring small histological features or substantial heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Rh Eskaros
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shanna A Arnold Egloff
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelli L Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joyce E Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M Eric Hyndman
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andries Zijlstra
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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41
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Asleh-Aburaya K, Sheffield BS, Kos Z, Won JR, Wang XQ, Gao D, Wolber R, Gilks CB, Bernard PS, Chia SKL, Nielsen TO. Basal biomarkers nestin and INPP4b identify intrinsic subtypes accurately in breast cancers that are weakly positive for oestrogen receptor. Histopathology 2016; 70:185-194. [DOI: 10.1111/his.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karama Asleh-Aburaya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Brandon S Sheffield
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Zuzana Kos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; University of Ottawa and The Ottawa Hospital; Ottawa ON Canada
| | - Jennifer R Won
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control (CIQC); University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Xiu Q Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Dongxia Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Robert Wolber
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Lions Gate Hospital; North Vancouver BC Canada
| | - C Blake Gilks
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control (CIQC); University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Philip S Bernard
- Department of Pathology; University of Utah/Health Sciences; Salt Lake City UT USA
| | - Stephen K L Chia
- Department of Medical Oncology; British Columbia Cancer Agency; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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42
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Atak A, Mukherjee S, Jain R, Gupta S, Singh VA, Gahoi N, K P M, Srivastava S. Protein microarray applications: Autoantibody detection and posttranslational modification. Proteomics 2016; 16:2557-2569. [PMID: 27452627 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of DNA microarrays was a major milestone in genomics; however, it could not adequately predict the structure or dynamics of underlying protein entities, which are the ultimate effector molecules in a cell. Protein microarrays allow simultaneous study of thousands of proteins/peptides, and various advancements in array technologies have made this platform suitable for several diagnostic and functional studies. Antibody arrays enable researchers to quantify the abundance of target proteins in biological fluids and assess PTMs by using the antibodies. Protein microarrays have been used to assess protein-protein interactions, protein-ligand interactions, and autoantibody profiling in various disease conditions. Here, we summarize different microarray platforms with focus on its biological and clinical applications in autoantibody profiling and PTM studies. We also enumerate the potential of tissue microarrays to validate findings from protein arrays as well as other approaches, highlighting their significance in proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Atak
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Shuvolina Mukherjee
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Rekha Jain
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Shabarni Gupta
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Vedita Anand Singh
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Nikita Gahoi
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Manubhai K P
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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43
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Zhou L, Li Q, Wang J, Huang C, Nice EC. Oncoproteomics: Trials and tribulations. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 10:516-31. [PMID: 26518147 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201500081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
- Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou Hainan P. R. China
| | - Qifu Li
- Department of Neurology; The Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College; Haikou Hainan P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Department of Biomedical; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu Sichuan Province P. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center; West China Hospital; Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy; Chengdu P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Monash University; Clayton Australia
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Seo AN, Park KU, Choe G, Kim WH, Kim DW, Kang SB, Lee HS. Clinical and prognostic value of MET gene copy number gain and chromosome 7 polysomy in primary colorectal cancer patients. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9813-21. [PMID: 26159851 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to explore the clinical and prognostic influence of numeric alterations of MET gene copy number (GCN) and chromosome 7 (CEP7) CN in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. MET GCN and CEP7 CN were investigated in tissue arrayed tumors from 170 CRC patients using silver in situ hybridization (SISH). MET GCN gain was defined as ≥4 copies of MET, and CEP7 polysomy was prespecified as ≥3 copies of CEP7. Additionally, MET messenger RNA (mRNA) transcription was evaluated using mRNA ISH and compared with MET GCN. MET GCN gain was observed in 14.7 % (25/170), which correlated with advanced stage (P = 0.037), presence of distant metastasis (P = 0.006), and short overall survival (OS) (P = 0.009). In contrast, CEP7 polysomy was found in 6.5 % (11/170), which was related to tumor location in the left colon (P = 0.027) and poor OS (P = 0.029). MET GCN positively correlated with CEP7 CN (R = 0.659, P < 0.001) and mRNA transcription (R = 0.239, P = 0.002). Of note, MET GCN gain and CEP7 polysomy were also associated with poor OS (P = 0.016 and P < 0.001, respectively) in stage II/III CRC patients (n = 123). In multivariate analysis, CEP7 polysomy was an independent prognostic factor for poor OS in all patients (P = 0.009; hazard ratio [HR], 2.220; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.233-3.997) and in stage II/III CRC patients (P < 0.001; HR, 20.781; 95 % CI, 4.600-93.882). MET GCN gain and CEP7 polysomy could predict a poor outcome in CRC patients, especially CEP7 polysomy has the most powerful prognostic impact in stage II/III CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Na Seo
- Department of Pathology, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Un Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gheeyoung Choe
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Ho Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck-Woo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Bum Kang
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Seung Lee
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Republic of Korea.
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Pérez-Sayáns M, Suárez-Peñaranda JM, Aguirre-Urízar JM, Rodríguez-Tojo MJ, Barros-Angueira F, Gallas-Torreira M, García-García A. The use of tissue microarrays for semiquantitative evaluation of ATPaseC1 expression is ineffective. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:439-44. [PMID: 25901422 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1023357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We described earlier the possible role of ATPaseC1 expression as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for oral cancer; others have reported its use for tumors of the lung and breast. We assessed ATPaseC1 expression in a sample of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using tissue microarrays (TMAs) to analyze the relation between ATPaseC1 expression and clinical, histopathological and prognostic parameters. We performed a retrospective study of 48 cases of OSCC. We constructed TMAs using two different regions of each tumor. V-ATPaseC1 immunohistochemistry was performed and assessed semiquantitatively. ATPaseC1 staining was observed in most of the neoplastic cells in all tumors. Staining was diffusely cytoplasmic and, to a lesser extent, nuclear. The degree of concordance between the measurements performed in tissue microarray 1 (TMA1) and tissue microarray 2 (TMA2), as evaluated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), was low. We found great variability in the immunohistochemical staining of the different regions of each tumor. We found 16 cases with mild expression (33.3%), 20 with moderate expression (41.7%) and 12 with intense expression (25%). Differences in the clinical-pathological variables studied were not statistically significant. The difficulty of immunohistochemical evaluation, the heterogeneity of the carcinomas and the fact that evaluation of expression requires semiquantitative analysis render the reliability of the results obtained from TMA-based techniques questionable.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pérez-Sayáns
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Institute of Sanitary Research of Santiago (IDIS) , Santiago de Compostela , Spain
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Vassella E, Galván JA, Zlobec I. Tissue Microarray Technology for Molecular Applications: Investigation of Cross-Contamination between Tissue Samples Obtained from the Same Punching Device. MICROARRAYS 2015; 4:188-95. [PMID: 27600219 PMCID: PMC4996394 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays4020188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue microarray (TMA) technology allows rapid visualization of molecular markers by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. In addition, TMA instrumentation has the potential to assist in other applications: punches taken from donor blocks can be placed directly into tubes and used for nucleic acid analysis by PCR approaches. However, the question of possible cross-contamination between samples punched with the same device has frequently been raised but never addressed. METHODS Two experiments were performed. (1) A block from mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) positive tissue and a second from an uninfected patient were aligned side-by-side in an automated tissue microarrayer. Four 0.6 mm punches were cored from each sample and placed inside their corresponding tube. Between coring of each donor block, a mechanical cleaning step was performed by insertion of the puncher into a paraffin block. This sequence of coring and cleaning was repeated three times, alternating between positive and negative blocks. A fragment from the 6110 insertion sequence specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis was analyzed; (2) Four 0.6 mm punches were cored from three KRAS mutated colorectal cancer blocks, alternating with three different wild-type tissues using the same TMA instrument (sequence of coring: G12D, WT, G12V, WT, G13D and WT). Mechanical cleaning of the device between each donor block was made. Mutation analysis by pyrosequencing was carried out. This sequence of coring was repeated manually without any cleaning step between blocks. RESULTS/DISCUSSION In both analyses, all alternating samples showed the expected result (samples 1, 3 and 5: positive or mutated, samples 2, 4 and 6: negative or wild-type). Similar results were obtained without cleaning step. These findings suggest that no cross-contamination of tissue samples occurs when donor blocks are punched using the same device, however a cleaning step is nonetheless recommended. Our result supports the use of TMA technology as an accessory to PCR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Vassella
- Translational Research Unit (TRU), Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Room L313, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - José A Galván
- Translational Research Unit (TRU), Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Room L313, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Inti Zlobec
- Translational Research Unit (TRU), Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Murtenstrasse 31, Room L313, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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HER3 protein expression in relation to HER2 positivity in patients with primary colorectal cancer: clinical relevance and prognostic value. Virchows Arch 2015; 466:645-54. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-015-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Analysis of cancer marker in tissues with Hadamard transform fluorescence spectral microscopic imaging. J Fluoresc 2015; 25:397-402. [PMID: 25663197 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1525-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) probes were used to tag and trace cancer biomarkers in cancer tissues based on the system of home-made Hadamard transform (HT) spectral microscopic imaging, which can be applied to provide high-resolution fluorescence spectrum and image of single cells and tissues. In situ fluorescence imaging for cancer marker proteins, such as estrogen receptor (ER), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) in tumor tissues, were realized by using the HT system to capture quantitative information for these proteins when tumor tissues were immunostained with QDs probes. A method to evaluate tumor malignancy of the specimens based on in situ analysis of distribution of marker proteins was proposed based on the comparative study of positive samples and negative controls. The investigation of ER contents of the cores in breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs) shows that the technique of QDs-immunohistochemistry (IHC)/HT spectral imaging is more sensitive than conventional IHC method. The results also demonstrate that the QDs-IHC/HT spectral imaging technique can be applied to visualize and quantitatively measure the subcellular molecules inside tumor tissues, and the coupling of HT spectral imaging to the probing of subcellular molecules with QDs has great potential in biology and medical diagnosis.
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Muscatello L, Sarli G, Beha G, Asproni P, Millanta F, Poli A, De Tolla L, Benazzi C, Brunetti B. Validation of Tissue Microarray for Molecular Profiling of Canine and Feline Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2015; 152:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Time dependence of biomarkers: non-proportional effects of immunohistochemical panels predicting relapse risk in early breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:2242-7. [PMID: 25314051 PMCID: PMC4264442 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: We investigated the impact of follow-up duration to determine whether two immunohistochemical prognostic panels, IHC4 and Mammostrat, provide information on the risk of early or late distant recurrence using the Edinburgh Breast Conservation Series and the Tamoxifen vs Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial. Methods: The multivariable fractional polynomial time (MFPT) algorithm was used to determine which variables had possible non-proportional effects. The performance of the scores was assessed at various lengths of follow-up and Cox regression modelling was performed over the intervals of 0–5 years and >5 years. Results: We observed a strong time dependence of both the IHC4 and Mammostrat scores, with their effects decreasing over time. In the first 5 years of follow-up only, the addition of both scores to clinical factors provided statistically significant information (P<0.05), with increases in R2 between 5 and 6% and increases in D-statistic between 0.16 and 0.21. Conclusions: Our analyses confirm that the IHC4 and Mammostrat scores are strong prognostic factors for time to distant recurrence but this is restricted to the first 5 years after diagnosis. This provides evidence for their combined use to predict early recurrence events in order to select those patients who may/will benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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