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Gao Y, Guo M, Wang D, Zhao D, Wang M. Advances in extraction, purification, structural characteristics and biological activities of hemicelluloses: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:467-483. [PMID: 36379281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemicelluloses, a major component of plant cell walls, are a non-cellulosic heteropolysaccharide composed of several distinct sugars that is second in abundance to cellulose, which are one of the most abundant and cheapest renewable resources on earth. Hemicelluloses structure is complex and its chemical structure varies greatly among the different plant species. In addition to its wide use in production of feed and other chemical materials, hemicelluloses are known for its remarkable biological activities that remain largely underutilised to date. Therefore, comprehensive investigations of hemicelluloses structural and biological properties would be helpful for achieving rational utilisation and high-value conversion of this underutilised substance into agents with enhanced health benefits for incorporation in drugs and health foods. In this review, details of diverse research initiatives that have enhanced our understanding of hemicelluloses properties are summarised, including hemicelluloses sources, extraction and purification methods, structural characteristics and biological activities. Furthermore, hemicelluloses structure-activity relationships and new directions for future hemicelluloses research studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingkun Guo
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.
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Nitzsche R, Etzold H, Verges M, Gröngröft A, Kraume M. Demonstration and Assessment of Purification Cascades for the Separation and Valorization of Hemicellulose from Organosolv Beechwood Hydrolyzates. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12010082. [PMID: 35054608 PMCID: PMC8777956 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hemicellulose and its derivatives have a high potential to replace fossil-based materials in various high-value-added products. Within this study, two purification cascades for the separation and valorization of hemicellulose and its derived monomeric sugars from organosolv beechwood hydrolyzates (BWHs) were experimentally demonstrated and assessed. Purification cascade 1 included hydrothermal treatment for converting remaining hemicellulose oligomers to xylose and the purification of the xylose by nanofiltration. Purification cascade 2 included the removal of lignin by adsorption, followed by ultrafiltration for the separation and concentration of hemicellulose. Based on the findings of the experimental work, both cascades were simulated on an industrial scale using Aspen Plus®. In purification cascade 1, 63% of the oligomeric hemicellulose was hydrothermally converted to xylose and purified by nanofiltration to 7.8 t/h of a xylose solution with a concentration of 200 g/L. In purification cascade 2, 80% of the lignin was removed by adsorption, and 7.6 t/h of a purified hemicellulose solution with a concentration of 200 g/L was obtained using ultrafiltration. The energy efficiency of the cascades was 59% and 26%, respectively. Furthermore, the estimation of specific production costs showed that xylose can be recovered from BWH at the cost of 73.7 EUR/t and hemicellulose at 135.1 EUR/t.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Nitzsche
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; (H.E.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)341-2434-574
| | - Hendrik Etzold
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; (H.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Marlen Verges
- Fraunhofer Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes (CBP), Am Haupttor-Bau 1251, 06237 Leuna, Germany;
| | - Arne Gröngröft
- DBFZ Deutsches Biomasseforschungszentrum gemeinnützige GmbH, Torgauer Straße 116, 04347 Leipzig, Germany; (H.E.); (A.G.)
| | - Matthias Kraume
- Chemical and Process Engineering, Technical University Berlin, Marchstraße 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany;
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Sewerin T, Elshof MG, Matencio S, Boerrigter M, Yu J, de Grooth J. Advances and Applications of Hollow Fiber Nanofiltration Membranes: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:890. [PMID: 34832119 PMCID: PMC8625000 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11110890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hollow fiber nanofiltration (NF) membranes have gained increased attention in recent years, partly driven by the availability of alternatives to polyamide-based dense separation layers. Moreover, the global market for NF has been growing steadily in recent years and is expected to grow even faster. Compared to the traditional spiral-wound configuration, the hollow fiber geometry provides advantages such as low fouling tendencies and effective hydraulic cleaning possibilities. The alternatives to polyamide layers are typically chemically more stable and thus allow operation and cleaning at more extreme conditions. Therefore, these new NF membranes are of interest for use in a variety of applications. In this review, we provide an overview of the applications and emerging opportunities for these membranes. Next to municipal wastewater and drinking water processes, we have put special focus on industrial applications where hollow fiber NF membranes are employed under more strenuous conditions or used to recover specific resources or solutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Sewerin
- NX Filtration, Josink Esweg 44, 7545 PN Enschede, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (M.G.E.)
| | - Maria G. Elshof
- NX Filtration, Josink Esweg 44, 7545 PN Enschede, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (M.G.E.)
| | - Sonia Matencio
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/Pallars, 179-185, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Marcel Boerrigter
- LEITAT Technological Center, C/Pallars, 179-185, 08005 Barcelona, Spain; (S.M.); (M.B.)
| | - Jimmy Yu
- Pepsi Co., Inc., Global R & D, 350 Columbus Ave, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA;
| | - Joris de Grooth
- NX Filtration, Josink Esweg 44, 7545 PN Enschede, The Netherlands; (T.S.); (M.G.E.)
- Membrane Science & Technology, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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Membrane Filtration Opportunities for the Treatment of Black Liquor in the Paper and Pulp Industry. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13162270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Black liquor is a highly alkaline liquid by-product of the kraft pulping process, rich in organic molecules (hemicelluloses, lignin, and organic acids) and inorganic pulping chemicals such as sodium salts and sulphur-containing compounds. The release of this wastewater without further treatment could have serious environmental and financial implications. Therefore, a costly treatment process is used nowadays. Nanofiltration has been studied in the last few years as a promising alternative to recycle the cooking chemicals required for the separation of lignin and cellulose, but the development of pH-stable membranes with the potential to operate at industrial scales is fundamental in order to make this possible. In this study, the filtration performance of two in-house made membranes is evaluated and compared with a commercial NF membrane to determine the viability of their use for the treatment of black liquor. For this purpose, filtration experiments with simulated black liquor were performed. We identified that Membrane A has the higher potential for this application due to its competitive permeate flux (ca. 24 L m−2 h−1 at a trans-membrane pressure of 21.5 bar), and high rejection of organic components and salts from the cooking liquor (on average, 92.50% for the TOC, 84.10% for the CO32−, 88.70% for the sulphates, 73.21% for the Na+, and 99.99% for the Mg2+).
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Techno-economic impact of air sparging prior to purification of alkaline extracted wheat bran hemicelluloses by membrane filtration. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Qi T, Da X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Cui Z, Qiu M, Fan Y. Modeling and optimal operation of intermittent feed diafiltration for refining oligodextran using nanoporous ceramic membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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A scalable crosslinking method for PVDF-based nanofiltration membranes for use under extreme pH conditions. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Soriano Á, Gorri D, Biegler LT, Urtiaga A. An optimization model for the treatment of perfluorocarboxylic acids considering membrane preconcentration and BDD electrooxidation. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114954. [PMID: 31404904 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of persistent perfluorocarboxylic acids in water matrixes requires of strong oxidation conditions, as those achieved by boron doped diamond (BDD) electrooxidation (ELOX). However, large scale implementation of ELOX is still hindered by its high energy consumption and economical investment. In this work, we used process systems engineering tools to define the optimal integration of a membrane pre-concentration stage followed by the BDD electrolysis of the concentrate, to drastically reduce the costs of treatment of perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA, 100 mg L-1) in industrial waste streams. A multistage membrane cascade system using nanofiltration (NF90 and NF270 membranes) was considered to achieve more sophisticated PFHxA separations. The aim was to minimize the total costs by determining the optimal sizing of the two integrated processes (membrane area per stage and anode area) and the optimal process variables (pre-concentration operating time, electrolysis time, input and output concentrations). The non-linear programming model (NLP) was implemented in the General Algebraic Modelling System (GAMS). The results showed that for a 2-log PFHxA abatement (99% removal), the optimal two membrane stages using the NF90 membrane obtains a 75.8% (6.4 $ m-3) reduction of the total costs, compared to the ELOX alone scenario (26.5 $ m-3). The optimized anode area and the energy savings, that were 85.3% and 88.2% lower than in ELOX alone, were the major contributions to the costs reduction. Similar results were achieved for a 3-log and 4-log PFHxA abatement, pointing out the promising benefits of integrating electrochemical oxidation with membrane pre-concentration through proper optimization for its large-scale application to waters impacted by perfluorocarboxylic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Soriano
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Daniel Gorri
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain
| | - Lorenz T Biegler
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-3890, USA
| | - Ane Urtiaga
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Cantabria, Av. de Los Castros s/n, 39005, Santander, Spain.
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Tavangar T, Jalali K, Alaei Shahmirzadi MA, Karimi M. Toward real textile wastewater treatment: Membrane fouling control and effective fractionation of dyes/inorganic salts using a hybrid electrocoagulation – Nanofiltration process. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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10
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Silva FF, Alves AMB, de Lurdes Serrano M, de Sousa APM. Isolation and purification of concentrated and non-concentrated hemicellulose alkaline extracts. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh C. Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
- Fibre Research Center, Birla Cellulosic, Kharach, Bharuch, Gujarat, India
| | - Z. V. P. Murthy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, Gujarat, India
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