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Ma CY, Luo XT, Xu LH, Sun Q, Wen JL, Liang XF, Liu HZ, Yuan TQ. Structural elucidation and targeted valorization of untractable lignin from pre-hydrolysis liquor of xylose production via a simple and robust separation approach. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127029. [PMID: 37742903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Effective separation of lignin macromolecules from the xylose pre-hydrolysates (XPH) during the xylose production, thus optimizing the separation and purification process of xylose, is of great significance for reducing the production costs, achieving the high value-added utilization of lignin and increasing the industrial revenue. In this study, a simple and robust method (pH adjustment) for the separation of lignin from XPH was proposed and systematically compared with the conventional acid-promoted lignin precipitation method. The results showed that the lignin removal ratio (up to 60.34 %) of this simple method was higher than that of the conventional method, and the proposed method eliminated the necessity of heating and specialized equipment, which greatly reduced the separation cost. Meanwhile, this simple method does not destroy the components in XPH (especially xylose), ensuring the yield of the target product. On the other hand, the obtained lignin was nano-scale with less condensed structures, which also possessed small molecular weights with narrow distribution, excellent antioxidant activity (8-14 times higher than commercial antioxidants) and UV protection properties. In conclusion, the proposed simple separation method could effectively separate lignin from XPH at low cost, and the obtained lignin had potential commercial applications, which would further enhance the overall profitability of industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ye Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi-Tao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ling-Hua Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jia-Long Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiang-Feng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hui-Zhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tong-Qi Yuan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, No. 35 Tsinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China
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Luo X, Sun L, Shou Q, Liang X, Liu H. Electrodialysis Deacidification of Acid Hydrolysate in Hemicellulose Saccharification Process: Membrane Fouling Identification and Mechanisms. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:256. [PMID: 36984643 PMCID: PMC10053187 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acid saccharification of hemicelluloses offers promising pathways to sustainably diversify the revenue of the lignocellulose biorefinery industry. Electrodialysis to separate inorganic acids from acid hydrolysate in the hemicellulose saccharification process could realize the recovery of sulfuric acid, and significantly reduced the chemical consumption than the traditional ion exchange resins method. In this work, the deacidification of corncob acid hydrolysate was conducted by a homemade electrodialysis apparatus. The results showed that: (1) more than 99% of acid can be removed through the electrodialysis process; (2) A non-negligible membrane fouling occurred during the electrodialysis process, which aggravated with the repeated batch running The final global system resistance rose from 15.8 Ω (1st batch) to 43.9 Ω (10th batch), and the treatment ending time was delayed from 120 min (1st batch) to 162 min (10th batch); (4) About 90% of protein, 70% of ferulate acid, and 80% of p-coumarate acid precipitated from the corncob acid hydrolysate during the electrodialysis process. The zeta potential of corncob acid hydrolysate changed from a positive value to a negative value, and an isoelectric point around pH 2.3 was reached. HSQC, FTTR, and GPC, along with SEM and EDS analysis, revealed that the fouling layers mostly consisted of hydrolysates of protein and lignin. The result of HSQC indicated that the membrane foulant may exist in the form of lignin-carbohydrate complexes, as the lignin component of the membrane foulant is in the form of p-coumarate and ferulate. From the result of FTIR, a strong chemical bonding, such as a covalent linkage, existed between the lignin and protein in the membrane foulant. Throughout the electrodialysis process, the increased pH decreased the stability of colloidal particles, including lignin and proteins. Destabilized colloidal particles started to self-aggregate and form deposits on the anion exchange membrane's surface. Over time, these deposits covered the entire membrane surface and the spaces between the membranes. Eventually, they attached to the surface of the cation exchange membrane. In the end, a suggestion to control and minimize membrane fouling in this process was discussed: lower pH as a process endpoint and a post-treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lingling Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Qinghui Shou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Xiangfeng Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huizhou Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Qingdao 266101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Li Z, Qiu C, Gao J, Wang H, yingjuan F, Qin M. Improving lignin removal from pre-hydrolysis liquor by horseradish peroxidase-catalyzed polymerization. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen X, Si C, Fatehi P. Cationic xylan- (2-methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) polymer as a flocculant for pulping wastewater. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 186:358-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Improved microfiltration of prehydrolysis liquor of wood from dissolving pulp mill by flocculation treatments for hemicellulose recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Wang Z, Zhuang J, Wang X, Li Z, Fu Y, Qin M. Limited adsorption selectivity of active carbon toward non-saccharide compounds in lignocellulose hydrolysate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 208:195-199. [PMID: 26944457 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Prehydrolysis of lignocellulose produces abundant hemicellulose-derived saccharides (HDS). To obtain pure HDS for application in food or pharmaceutical industries, the prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) must be refined to remove non-saccharide compounds (NSC) derived from lignin depolymerization and carbohydrate degradation. In this work, activated carbon (AC) adsorption was employed to purify HDS from NSC with emphasis on adsorption selectivity. The adsorption isotherms showed the priority of NSC to be absorbed over HDS at low AC level. However, increase of AC over 90% of NSC removal made adsorption non-selective due to competitive adsorption between NSC and HDS. Size exclusion chromatography showed that the adsorption of oligomeric HDS was dominant while monomeric HDS was inappreciable. The limited selectivity suggested that AC adsorption is infeasibility for HDS purification, but applicable as a pretreatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Jingshun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zongquan Li
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
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Wang X, Zhuang J, Fu Y, Tian G, Wang Z, Qin M. Separation of hemicellulose-derived saccharides from wood hydrolysate by lime and ion exchange resin. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 206:225-230. [PMID: 26859331 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A combined process of lime treatment and mixed bed ion exchange was proposed to separate hemicellulose-derived saccharides (HDS) from prehydrolysis liquor (PHL) of lignocellulose as value added products. The optimization of lime treatment achieved up to 44.2% removal of non-saccharide organic compounds (NSOC), mainly colloidal substances, with negligible HDS degradation at 0.5% lime level and subsequent neutralization by phosphoric acid. The residual NSOC and calcium ions in lime-treated PHL were eliminated by mixed bed ion exchange. The breakthrough curves of HDS and NSOC showed selective retention toward NSOC, leading to 75% HDS recovery with 95% purity at 17 bed volumes of exchange capacity. In addition, macroporous resin showed higher exchange capacity than gel resin as indicated by the triple processing volume. The remarkable selectivity of the combined process suggested the feasibility for HDS separation from PHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jingshun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guoyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
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Wang X, Zhuang J, Jiang J, Fu Y, Qin M, Wang Z. Separation and purification of hemicellulose-derived saccharides from wood hydrolysate by combined process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 196:426-430. [PMID: 26275826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prehydrolysis of wood biomass prior to kraft cooking provides a stream containing hemicellulose-derived saccharides (HDSs) but also undesired non-saccharide compounds (NSCs) that were resulted from lignin depolymerization and carbohydrate degradation. In this study, a combined process consisting of lime treatment, resin adsorption, and gel filtration was developed to separate HDSs from NSCs. The macro-lignin impurities that accounted for 32.2% of NSCs were removed by lime treatment at 1.2% dosage with negligible HDSs loss. The majority of NSCs, lignin-derived phenolics, were eliminated by mixed bed ion exchange resin, elevating NSCs removal to 94.0%. The remaining NSCs, furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural, were excluded from HDSs by gel filtration. Chemical composition analysis showed that xylooligosaccharides (XOS) with the degree of depolymerization from 2 to 6 accounted for 28% of the total purified HDSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jingshun Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jungang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China.
| | - Zhaojiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Paper Science & Technology, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China; State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China.
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