1
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Karami P, Aghapour Aktij S, Moradi K, Rastgar M, Khorshidi B, Mohammadtabar F, Peichel J, McGregor M, Rahimpour A, Soares JBP, Sadrzadeh M. Comprehensive Characterization of Commercial Reverse Osmosis Membranes through High-Temperature Cross-Flow Filtration. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:1990-1999. [PMID: 38222588 PMCID: PMC10785276 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Developing thermally stable reverse osmosis membranes is a potential game-changer in high-temperature water treatment. In this work, the performance of three commercial reverse osmosis membranes was evaluated with a series of high-temperature filtrations. The membranes were tested with different filtration methodologies: long-term operation, cyclic tests, controlled stepwise temperature increment, and permeability tests. The morphological and physiochemical characterizations were performed to study the impact of high-temperature filtration on the membranes' chemical composition and morphological characteristics. An increase in the temperature deteriorated the membrane performance in terms of water flux and salt rejection. Flux decline at high temperatures was recognized as the primary concern for high-temperature filtrations, restricting the applications of commercial membranes for long-term operations. This research provides valuable insights for researchers aiming to thoroughly characterize reverse osmosis membranes at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooria Karami
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering,
Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department
of Chemical & Materials Engineering, 12-263 Donadeo Innovation
Centre for Engineering, Group of Applied Macromolecular Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Sadegh Aghapour Aktij
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering,
Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
- Department
of Chemical & Materials Engineering, 12-263 Donadeo Innovation
Centre for Engineering, Group of Applied Macromolecular Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Kazem Moradi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering,
Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Masoud Rastgar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering,
Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Behnam Khorshidi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5, Canada
| | - Farshad Mohammadtabar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering,
Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - John Peichel
- Veolia
Water Technologies & Solutions, 5951 Clearwater Drive, Minnetonka, Minnesota 55343, United States
| | - Michael McGregor
- Suncor
Energy Inc., P.O. Box 2844, 150-Sixth Ave. SW, Calgary, Alberta T2P 3E3, Canada
| | - Ahmad Rahimpour
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering,
Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Joao B. P. Soares
- Department
of Chemical & Materials Engineering, 12-263 Donadeo Innovation
Centre for Engineering, Group of Applied Macromolecular Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering,
Advanced Water Research Lab (AWRL), University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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2
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Bakhta S, Sadaoui Z, Bouazizi N, Samir B, Cosme J, Allalou O, Le Derf F, Vieillard J. Successful removal of fluoride from aqueous environment using Al(OH) 3@AC: column studies and breakthrough curve modeling. RSC Adv 2024; 14:1-14. [PMID: 38173592 PMCID: PMC10758771 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06697e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we discuss the removal of fluoride from water through column adsorption methods using Al(OH)3@AC as a functional granular activated carbon. The height of the bed, fluoride concentration, and flow rate are the experimental factors used to obtain the breakthrough curves. As the flow rate increased, the breakthrough and saturation times decreased. The analysis of simplified column models, such as the Adams-Bohart, Thomas, and Yoon-Nelson models, revealed that the Clark model best described the adsorption process when fitting the experimental data. The obtained breakthrough curves agreed with the corresponding experimental data. The highest capacity for adsorption obtained during the column procedure was found to be 41.84 mg g-1 with a bed height of 3 cm, an initial fluoride concentration of 10 mg L-1 and a flow rate of 7.5 mL min-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bakhta
- Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Processes Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari-Boumediene BP No. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 27000 Evreux France
| | - Z Sadaoui
- Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Processes Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari-Boumediene BP No. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
| | - N Bouazizi
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 27000 Evreux France
| | - B Samir
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 27000 Evreux France
| | - J Cosme
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 27000 Evreux France
| | - O Allalou
- Laboratory of Reaction Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Processes Engineering, University of Sciences and Technology Houari-Boumediene BP No. 32, El Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111 Algiers Algeria
| | - F Le Derf
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 27000 Evreux France
| | - J Vieillard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS COBRA (UMR 6014) 27000 Evreux France
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Khatun J, Bhattacharya S, Das N, Dhak D. One-pot synthesis of versatile sphere-like nano adsorbent MnAl 2O 4 (MAO): an optical and magnetic material for efficient fluoride removal and latent finger print detection. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:124106-124122. [PMID: 37996580 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30905-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Spherically shaped trimetallic MnAl2O4 (MAO) nanoadsorbent was prepared in an one-pot synthesis process for the removal of excess fluoride from water. The adsorbent was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction study (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), etc. The adsorption property for fluoride on the MAO was analyzed by batch experiments varying the adsorbent dose, pH, contact time, and initial fluoride concentration. The results showed that the fluoride uptake behavior of the samples could precisely be fitted by the Freundlich model, and the maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 39.21 mg/g at room temperature. The pseudo-second-order models accurately described the adsorption kinetics data. The regenerated sample showed excellent reusability along with high removal capacity on real water sample also. The underlying fluoride adsorption mechanism via ion-exchange and electrostatic interaction was established from X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and zeta potential studies. The sample showed excellent luminescence with blue emission with a band gap of 2.6 eV. The materials also showed good elastic behavior exhibiting the Poisson's ratio (σ) 0.32 and excellent latent figure print detection capacity distinguishing the clearly the ridge and furrow regions under UV light. The magnetic behavior was also found to be in long range with antiferromagnetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julekha Khatun
- Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, India
| | - Sandeepa Bhattacharya
- Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, India
| | - Nityananda Das
- Department of Physics, JK College, Purulia, 723101, India
| | - Debasis Dhak
- Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia, 723104, India.
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4
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Yu Y, Zhang M, Li Q, Chen X, Chen D, Jin H. Subtle introduction of membrane polarization-catalyzed H 2O dissociation actuates highly efficient electrocoagulation for hardness ion removal. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 242:120240. [PMID: 37348419 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation represents a promising process for hardness removal from cooling water. Nevertheless, the slow hydrolysis reaction severely restricted the floc formation, inhibiting the hardness co-precipitation and simultaneously causing secondary pollution from dissolved Al3+. Inspired by the detrimental membrane fouling phenomenon in conventional electrodialysis, we reported a rational strategy to substantially enhance the hardness removal efficiency in electrocoagulation by introducing a special membrane polarization-catalyzed H2O dissociation herein. Leveraging the electron transfer between functional groups (-SO3- and -N(CH3)3+) of ion exchange membrane (IEM) and surface-adsorbed H2O under the electric field-induced ion depletion scenario, H2O dissociation could be effectively catalyzed, with this catalytic activity more intensive in -SO3- than in -N(CH3)3+. Such a special H2O dissociation beneficially created a widely distributed and well-simulated alkalinity zone around the anodic region of IEM, which promoted the conversion of dissolved Al3+ to floc Al, thereby enhancing floc formation and circumventing secondary pollution. All these features enabled the resulting membrane-enhanced electrocoagulation (MEEC) to achieve a super-prominent hardness removal rate of 318.9 g h-1 m-2 with an ultra-low specific energy consumption of 3.8 kWh kg-1 CaCO3, considerably outperforming those of other conventional hardness removal processes reported to date. Additionally, in conjunction with a facile air-scoured washing method, MEEC exhibited excellent stability and universal applicability in various reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qian Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xueming Chen
- College of Environmental and Resources Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongzhi Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
| | - Huachang Jin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China; Institute for Eco-environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035 Zhejiang, China.
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5
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Muthu Prabhu S, Yusuf M, Ahn Y, Park HB, Choi J, Amin MA, Yadav KK, Jeon BH. Fluoride occurrence in environment, regulations, and remediation methods for soil: A comprehensive review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 324:138334. [PMID: 36893864 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride, a naturally occurring chemical element, is largely insoluble in soils. More than 90% of the fluoride in soil is bound to soil particles and is unable to be dissolved. As part of the soil, fluoride is predominantly located in the colloid or clay fraction of the soil, and the movement of fluoride is strongly affected by the sorption capacity of the soil, which is affected by pH, the type of soil sorbent present, and the salinity. The Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment soil quality guideline for fluoride in soils under a residential/parkland land use scenario is 400 mg/kg. In this review, we focus on fluoride contamination in soil and subsurface environments, and the various sources of fluorides are discussed in detail. The average fluoride concentration in soil in different countries and their regulations for soil and water are comprehensively reviewed. In this article, the latest advances in defluoridation methods are highlighted and the importance of further research addressing efficient and cost-effective methods to remediate fluoride contamination in soil is critically discussed. Methods used to mitigate fluoride risks by removing fluoride from the soil are presented. We strongly recommend that regulators and soil chemists in all countries explore opportunities to improve defluoridation methods and consider adopting more stringent regulations for fluoride in soil depending on geologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subbaiah Muthu Prabhu
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, 522 237, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammed Yusuf
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongtae Ahn
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Bum Park
- Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammed A Amin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Krishna Kumar Yadav
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Madhyanchal Professional University, Tatibad, Bhopal, 462044, India
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Gao Z, Liu C, Yang W. Application of recurrent neural networks to model the defluoridation process of hydroxyapatite synthesized by simple methods. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Fabrication of hydroxyapatite embedded cerium-organic frameworks for fluoride capture from water. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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8
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Li S, Milia M, Schäfer AI, Richards BS. Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Energy consumption analysis of ultrafiltration backwash configurations. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Alcalde B, Anticó E, Fontàs C. Fluoride removal from natural waters by polymer inclusion membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Ghosh S, Malloum A, Igwegbe CA, Ighalo JO, Ahmadi S, Dehghani MH, Othmani A, Gökkuş Ö, Mubarak NM. New generation adsorbents for the removal of fluoride from water and wastewater: A review. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.118257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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11
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Zaidi R, Khan SU, Farooqi IH, Azam A. Investigation of kinetics and adsorption isotherm for fluoride removal from aqueous solutions using mesoporous cerium-aluminum binary oxide nanomaterials. RSC Adv 2021; 11:28744-28760. [PMID: 35478586 PMCID: PMC9038127 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00598g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis of Ce–Al (1 : 1, 1 : 3, 1 : 6, and 1 : 9) binary oxide nanoparticles by a simple co-precipitation method at room temperature to be applied for defluoridation of an aqueous solution. The characterization of the synthesized nanomaterial was performed by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectroscopy, TGA/DTA (thermogravimetric analysis/differential thermal analysis), BET (Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) surface analysis, and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). Ce–Al binary oxides in 1 : 6 molar concentration were found to have the highest surface area of 110.32 m2 g−1 with an average crystallite size of 4.7 nm, which showed excellent defluoridation capacity. The adsorptive capacity of the prepared material towards fluoride removal was investigated under a range of experimental conditions such as dosage of adsorbents, pH, and initial fluoride concentration along with adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics. The results indicated that fluoride adsorption on cerium–aluminum binary metal oxide nanoparticles occurred within one hour, with maximum adsorption occurring at pH 2.4. The experimental data obtained were studied using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin adsorption isotherm models. The nanomaterial showed an exceptionally high adsorbent capacity of 384.6 mg g−1. Time-dependent kinetic studies were carried out to establish the mechanism of the adsorption process by pseudo-first-order kinetics, pseudo-second-order kinetics, and Weber–Morris intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The results indicated that adsorption processes followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. This study suggests that cerium–aluminum binary oxide nanoparticles have good potential for fluoride removal from highly contaminated aqueous solutions. Mesoporous Ce–Al binary oxide nanomaterials prepared with a surface area of 110.32 m2 g−1 showed defluoridation capacity at pH 2.4, exhibited maximum adsorption capacity of 384.6 mg g−1 and a removal efficiency of 91.5% at a small dose of nanoadsorbent.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumman Zaidi
- Department of Applied Physics, Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India
| | - Saif Ullah Khan
- Environmental Engineering Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India
| | - I H Farooqi
- Environmental Engineering Section, Department of Civil Engineering, Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India
| | - Ameer Azam
- Department of Applied Physics, Z. H. College of Engineering & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh 202002 India
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12
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Evaluation of Fluoride Adsorption Mechanism and Capacity of Different Types of Bone Char. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136878. [PMID: 34206972 PMCID: PMC8297328 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The fluoride adsorption capacity of three types of bone char (BC), including cow BC (CBC), chicken BC (CKBC), and pig BC (PBC), was examined. At the optimum charring conditions (temperature and time), PBC had the highest hydroxyapatite (HAP) content (0.928 g-HAP/g-BC), while CBC had the highest specific surface area (103.11 m2/g-BC). CBC also had the maximum fluoride adsorption capacity (0.788 mg-F/g-HAP), suggesting that fluoride adsorption capacity depends more on the specific surface area of the BC than the HAP content. The adsorption data of CBC, CKBC, and PBC fit well with the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum fluoride adsorption capacity of BC reached the maximum value when the solution had a pH of approximately 6.0. Lastly, the highest fluoride desorption occurred when the BCs were soaked in solutions with a pH higher than 11.0.
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Fluoride Polluted Groundwaters in Calabria Region (Southern Italy): Natural Source and Remediation. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13121626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ingestion of fluoride through the consumption of F−-rich drinking water could cause adverse effects to human health. For this reason, the WHO has fixed 1.5 mg/L as the maximum F- concentration for drinking water. In this work, a detailed geochemical characterization was performed to define the source of natural pollution of two groundwaters (samples Pc and Bg) coming from deep crystalline aquifers located in the Calabria region (southern Italy) and to define and optimize the most appropriate water treatment strategy. The samples were classified as a F− enriched NaHCO3 type of water. In particular, the F− concentrations observed were 30 mg/L and 8.9 mg/L for the Pc and Bg samples, respectively. Based on the acquired geochemical characterization knowledge, the groundwaters were treated by two thin-film composite NF membranes, namely SPR 10113 and SPR 10114 which have so far not been used for water defluoridation. It was found that the SPR 10114 membrane was able to guarantee water permeates with F− contents lower than the threshold value of 1.5 mg/L for both treated waters, whereas the fluoride content remained above the threshold value when the Pc sample was treated using the SPR 10113 membrane. The obtained permeates were characterized by a low ionic load and were not suitable for long-term consumption as drinking water. However, all of the produced waters did not need any further re-mineralizing processes for agricultural irrigation or other purposes.
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Zhang C, Ma J, Wu L, Sun J, Wang L, Li T, Waite TD. Flow Electrode Capacitive Deionization (FCDI): Recent Developments, Environmental Applications, and Future Perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4243-4267. [PMID: 33724803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increasing severity of global water scarcity, a myriad of scientific activities is directed toward advancing brackish water desalination and wastewater remediation technologies. Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), a newly developed electrochemically driven ion removal approach combining ion-exchange membranes and flowable particle electrodes, has been actively explored over the past seven years, driven by the possibility of energy-efficient, sustainable, and fully continuous production of high-quality fresh water, as well as flexible management of the particle electrodes and concentrate stream. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of current advances of this interesting technology with particular attention given to FCDI principles, designs (including cell architecture and electrode and separator options), operational modes (including approaches to management of the flowable electrodes), characterizations and modeling, and environmental applications (including water desalination, resource recovery, and contaminant abatement). Furthermore, we introduce the definitions and performance metrics that should be used so that fair assessments and comparisons can be made between different systems and separation conditions. We then highlight the most pressing challenges (i.e., operation and capital cost, scale-up, and commercialization) in the full-scale application of this technology. We conclude this state-of-the-art review by considering the overall outlook of the technology and discussing areas requiring particular attention in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Zhang
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jinxing Ma
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lei Wu
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Jingyi Sun
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Tianyu Li
- Beijing Origin Water Membrane Technology Company Limited, Huairou, Beijing 101400, P. R. China
| | - T David Waite
- UNSW Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Safety, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- UNSW Centre for Transformational Environmental Technologies, Yixing, Jiangsu Province 214206, P. R. China
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15
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Bilici Baskan M, Biyikli AR. The adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions by Fe, Mn, and Fe/Mn modified natural clinoptilolite and optimization using response surface methodology. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2021; 93:620-635. [PMID: 33037679 DOI: 10.1002/wer.1464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural clinoptilolite was modified using iron, manganese, or iron-manganese for adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solutions. Natural and modified clinoptilolite samples were characterized by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. For all modified clinoptilolite samples, the time required to reach equilibrium was determined as 5 hr. The effects of adsorbent dose, pH, and initial fluoride concentration for fluoride adsorption were determined using the Box-Behnken Design. Maximum fluoride removal efficiency was 80.23% at the solution pH of 11, iron-modified clinoptilolite amount of 1.08 g/50 ml and at the initial fluoride concentration of 2 mg/L. Fluoride adsorption on iron-modified clinoptilolite showed good compatibility with the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption capacity of iron-modified clinoptilolite was found to be 1.72 mg/g for the initial fluoride concentration of 50 mg/L. This study has shown that BBD is an effective and dependable method in determining the optimum conditions for fluoride adsorption. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Response surface methodology is effective in determining the optimum conditions for fluoride adsorption using modified clinoptilolite. Fluoride adsorption on iron-modified clinoptilolite is well described Freundlich isotherm and follows pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Fluoride removal percentage not only depends on the adsorbent dose, but also depends on the initial fluoride concentrations. Regeneration process using acid solution is not very effective for desorption of iron-modified zeolite. The natural clinoptilolite is an effective and economical adsorbent for adsorption of fluoride.
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16
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Aliaskari M, Schäfer AI. Nitrate, arsenic and fluoride removal by electrodialysis from brackish groundwater. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 190:116683. [PMID: 33373946 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nitrate, arsenic and fluoride are some of the most hazardous elements contaminating groundwater resources. In this work, the impact of operative (flowrate, electricpotential) and water quality (salinity, contaminant feed concentration, pH) parameters on brackish water decontamination was investigated using a batch electrodialysis (ED) system. Electrodialysis at low electric potentials (5 V) was more selective toward monovalent ions, at higher potentials (>15 V) removal of all ions increased and selectivity approached one, meaning removal of all ions. Changing the flowrate from 30 to 70 L/h, increased nitrate and fluoride removal slightly, while arsenic(V) removal was maximum at 50 L/h. Rising salinity delayed removal of ions with low ionic mobility and diffusivity (i.e. fluoride, arsenic(V)). Increased feed concentration of contaminants had no impact on removal values. pH variations did not impact the nitrate, fluoride and salinity removal, yet arsenic(V) removal was greatly pH dependent. This was explained in part by lower diffusivity and higher hydration number of bi- and trivalent species of arsenic(V) at basic pH. The results of this work showed the significance of ionic characteristics (diffusivity, ionic mobility, hydration number) in ED. Nitrate concentrations satisfied guideline threshold in all experiments with concentrations below 50 mg/L. Lowest arsenic(V) concentration was 35 µg/L at the highest electric potential, 25 V. Using ionic characteristics makes separation of different ions possible, providing new opportunities for ED in environmentally friendly processes (e.g. resource recovery and zero liquid discharge).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Aliaskari
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Karlsruhe, Germany.
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17
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Renewable energy powered membrane technology: System resilience under solar irradiance fluctuations during the treatment of fluoride-rich natural waters by different nanofiltration/reverse osmosis membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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18
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Gao M, Wang W, Cao M, Yang H, Li Y. Constructing hydrangea-like hierarchical zinc-zirconium oxide microspheres for accelerating fluoride elimination. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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19
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Cai YH, Yang XJ, Schäfer AI. Removal of Naturally Occurring Strontium by Nanofiltration/Reverse Osmosis from Groundwater. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10110321. [PMID: 33143167 PMCID: PMC7693364 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Removal of naturally occurring strontium (Sr) from groundwater is vital as excessive exposure may lead to bone growth problems in children. Nanofiltration/reverse osmosis (NF/RO) is commonly used in groundwater treatment due to the high effectiveness and simple maintenance of these pressure driven membrane processes. In this research, a pilot-scale NF/RO system was used to desalinate a natural groundwater sample containing high Sr concentration (10.3 mg/L) and “old” groundwater organic matter (70.9 mg/L) from Esilalei in northern Tanzania to understand the removal of strontium by NF/RO. The impact of applied pressure (10–15 bar) and groundwater pH (3–12) on the membrane performance including permeate flux, strontium and total organic carbon (TOC) flux and removal was investigated. Increasing applied pressure was found to enhance the flux by increasing the driving force and enhance Sr and TOC removal by dilution effect (water flux higher than Sr passage). The alkaline pH caused severe flux decline likely due to membrane fouling and scaling, while it slightly enhanced Sr removal of RO membranes, but weakened the TOC removal. In contrast, acidic and neutral pH of groundwater enhanced TOC removal. These findings suggest that appropriately high applied pressure and acidic pH condition of groundwater are recommended to apply to the NF/RO membrane system in groundwater desalination to achieve better membrane performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hui Cai
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
| | - Xiao Jin Yang
- Institute of Applied Electrochemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology (BUCT), 15 Bei San Huan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China;
| | - Andrea Iris Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany;
- Department of Water and Environmental Science and Engineering, Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology (NM-AIST), P.O. Box 447 Arusha, Tanzania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)721-608-26906
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20
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Shen J, Jeihanipour A, Richards BS, Schäfer AI. Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Experimental investigation of system performance with variable module size and fluctuating energy. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Onorato C, Gaedtke M, Kespe M, Nirschl H, Schäfer AI. Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Computational fluid dynamics evaluation of system performance with variable module size and fluctuating energy. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Jia H, Qian H, Qu W, Zheng L, Feng W, Ren W. Fluoride Occurrence and Human Health Risk in Drinking Water Wells from Southern Edge of Chinese Loess Plateau. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E1683. [PMID: 31091741 PMCID: PMC6572649 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluoride hydrogeochemistry and associated human health risks implications are investigated in several aquifers along the southern edge of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Locally, 64% shallow groundwater samples in loess aquifer exceed the fluoride limit (1.5 mg/L) with the maximum of 3.8 mg/L. Presently, the shallow groundwater is the main source of private wells for domestic use, and this is clearly a potential risk for human health. Hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes are used to elucidate the diversity of occurrence mechanisms. Enrichment of fluoride in groundwater is largely controlled by the F-containing minerals dissolution. Furthermore, alkaline condition and calcium-removing processes promote water-rock interactions. Stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen (δD and δ18O) in study area waters demonstrate that groundwater in loess aquifer is old, which means groundwater remains in the aquifer for a long time. Long residence time induces sufficient water-rock interactions, which play significant roles in the resolution of fluoride minerals. Samples from the shallow loess aquifer show elevated fluoride levels, which may pose human health risk for both adults (60%) and children (94%) via oral intake. To ensure drinking water safety, management measures such as popularizing fluoride-removing techniques and optimizing water supply strategies need to be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Hui Qian
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Wengang Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Le Zheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Wenwen Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Wenhao Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
- Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, No.126 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710054, China.
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Bouhadjar SI, Kopp H, Britsch P, Deowan SA, Hoinkis J, Bundschuh J. Solar powered nanofiltration for drinking water production from fluoride-containing groundwater - A pilot study towards developing a sustainable and low-cost treatment plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:1263-1269. [PMID: 30602251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The following paper summarizes the findings of a pilot study to develop a simple, low-cost, holistic water concept on fluoride removal from groundwater in rural communities of Tanzania; an ideal representative community for other areas in the world with similar problems. A small photovoltaic powered nanofiltration (NF) pilot plant was installed at a vocational training center in Boma Ng´ombe in northern Tanzania. The groundwater in this region is contaminated with fluoride at very high concentrations of up to 60 mg/L. The pilot plant was equipped with a single membrane module containing a spiral wound 4040 membrane NF90 of Dow Water & Process Solutions and was successfully operated over a nine-month period. The membrane removed more than 98% of fluoride. In fact, the fluoride concentration in the permeate was always less than 1 mg/L, which is in agreement with the WHO recommended standard (1.5 mg/L). Permeate was also used as weekly flush medium, so no chemical cleaning was required. Aside from permeate (drinking water) concentrate was also used for washing and flushing the toilets. In conclusion, the use of solar PV power (2.25 KWP) for approximately 2.5 h per day allowed producing about 240 L/h of permeate on average. Therefore, the sustainability of the process and suitability for the Tanzanian communities was proved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadia Ilhem Bouhadjar
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestrasse 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Holger Kopp
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestrasse 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Pia Britsch
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestrasse 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Shamim Ahmed Deowan
- University of Dhaka, Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jan Hoinkis
- Center of Applied Research, Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Moltkestrasse 30, 76133, Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Jochen Bundschuh
- Faculty of Health, Engineering and Sciences, The University of Southern Queensland, Weststreet, Toowoomba, 4350, QLD, Australia
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24
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Abstract
Fresh water resources are depleting rapidly as the water demand around the world continues to increase. Fresh water resources are also not equally distributed geographically worldwide. The best way to tackle this situation is to use solar energy for desalination to not only cater for the water needs of humanity, but also to offset some detrimental environmental effects of desalination. A comprehensive review of the latest literature on various desalination technologies utilizing solar energy is presented here. This paper also highlights the environmental impacts of desalination technologies along with an economic analysis and cost comparison of conventional desalination methods with different solar energy based technologies. This review is part of an investigation into integration of solar thermal desalination into existing grid infrastructure in the Australian context.
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25
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Moran Ayala LI, Paquet M, Janowska K, Jamard P, Quist-Jensen CA, Bosio GN, Mártire DO, Fabbri D, Boffa V. Water Defluoridation: Nanofiltration vs Membrane Distillation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía I. Moran Ayala
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diagonal 113 y calle 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Marie Paquet
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Paul Jamard
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cejna A. Quist-Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gabriela N. Bosio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diagonal 113 y calle 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel O. Mártire
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Diagonal 113 y calle 64, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Debora Fabbri
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá di Torino,Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Vittorio Boffa
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
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26
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Highly efficient removal of fluoride from aqueous media through polymer composite membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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