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Kamiński M, Gac JM, Sobiech P, Kozikowski P, Jankowski T. Pressure Drop Dynamics during Filtration of Mixture Aerosol Containing Water, Oil, and Soot Particles on Nonwoven Filters. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071787. [PMID: 37050401 PMCID: PMC10098651 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The pressure drop dynamics during the filtration of three-component mixture aerosols are investigated and compared with two and single-component aerosols. The main area of interest is the effect of the addition of a small quantity of liquid (oil) and solid (soot) particles during the filtration of aerosol containing water mist. In addition, calculations of the change in filter mass during oil aerosol filtration have been carried out and compared with the experimental results. The new, improved filtration efficiency model takes into account a better coefficient fitting in the filtration mechanism equations. The limitations in the change in fibre diameter and packing density resulting from the filter loading have been implemented in the model. Additionally, the calculation model employs the fibre size distribution representation via multiple average fibre diameters. The changes in fibre diameter are dependent on each fibre’s calculated filtration efficiency. The improved filtration model has been utilised to predict the mass change of the filters during the filtration of pure and mixture aerosols. The pressure drop calculation model based on changes in filter mass has been formulated. The model is then utilised to calculate pressure drop changes resulting from the filtration of the oil aerosol and water and oil mixture aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kamiński
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub M. Gac
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, ul. Waryńskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Sobiech
- Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, ul. Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Kozikowski
- Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, ul. Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Jankowski
- Central Institute for Labour Protection-National Research Institute, ul. Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland
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Bahrami F, Batt T, Schudel S, Annaheim S, He W, Wang J, Rossi RM, Defraeye T. How long and effective does a mask protect you from an infected person who emits virus-laden particles: By implementing one-dimensional physics-based modeling. Front Public Health 2022; 10:991455. [PMID: 36311564 PMCID: PMC9614280 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.991455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spreads via droplets, aerosols, and smear infection. From the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a facemask in different locations was recommended to slow down the spread of the virus. To evaluate facemasks' performance, masks' filtration efficiency is tested for a range of particle sizes. Although such tests quantify the blockage of the mask for a range of particle sizes, the test does not quantify the cumulative amount of virus-laden particles inhaled or exhaled by its wearer. In this study, we quantify the accumulated viruses that the healthy person inhales as a function of time, activity level, type of mask, and room condition using a physics-based model. We considered different types of masks, such as surgical masks and filtering facepieces (FFPs), and different characteristics of public places such as office rooms, buses, trains, and airplanes. To do such quantification, we implemented a physics-based model of the mask. Our results confirm the importance of both people wearing a mask compared to when only one wears the mask. The protection time for light activity in an office room decreases from 7.8 to 1.4 h with surgical mask IIR. The protection time is further reduced by 85 and 99% if the infected person starts to cough or increases the activity level, respectively. Results show the leakage of the mask can considerably affect the performance of the mask. For the surgical mask, the apparent filtration efficiency reduces by 75% with such a leakage, which cannot provide sufficient protection despite the high filtration efficiency of the mask. The facemask model presented provides key input in order to evaluate the protection of masks for different conditions in public places. The physics-based model of the facemask is provided as an online application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Bahrami
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland,ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Till Batt
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Schudel
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Simon Annaheim
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Weidong He
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland,Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland,Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - René M. Rossi
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thijs Defraeye
- Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland,*Correspondence: Thijs Defraeye
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Yuk J, Chakraborty A, Cheng S, Chung CI, Jorgensen A, Basu S, Chamorro LP, Jung S. On the design of particle filters inspired by animal noses. J R Soc Interface 2022; 19:20210849. [PMID: 35232280 PMCID: PMC8889202 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2021.0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive filtering is a common strategy to reduce airborne disease transmission and particulate contaminants across scales spanning orders of magnitude. The engineering of high-performance filters with relatively low flow resistance but high virus- or particle-blocking efficiency is a non-trivial problem of paramount relevance, as evidenced in the variety of industrial filtration systems and face masks. Next-generation industrial filters and masks should retain sufficiently small droplets and aerosols while having low resistance. We introduce a novel 3D-printable particle filter inspired by animals' complex nasal anatomy. Unlike standard random-media-based filters, the proposed concept relies on equally spaced channels with tortuous airflow paths. These two strategies induce distinct effects: a reduced resistance and a high likelihood of particle trapping by altering their trajectories with tortuous paths and induced local flow instability. The structures are tested for pressure drop and particle filtering efficiency over different airflow rates. We have also cross-validated the observed efficiency through numerical simulations. We found that the designed filters exhibit a lower pressure drop, compared to commercial masks and filters, while capturing particles bigger than approximately 10 μm. Our findings could facilitate a novel and scalable filter concept inspired by animal noses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisoo Yuk
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Aneek Chakraborty
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700032, India
| | - Shyuan Cheng
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Chun-I Chung
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Ashley Jorgensen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Saikat Basu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Leonardo P. Chamorro
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61820, USA
| | - Sunghwan Jung
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
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Kamiński M, Gac JM, Sobiech P, Kozikowski P, Jakubiak S. Filtration of aerosols containing graphite nanoparticles or their mixture with water droplets on single and multi-layer fibrous filters. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A novel energy-efficient kapok filter paper with high DHC for solid-oil mixed aerosol: Performance and loading behavior evolution mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Moghadam A, Vahedi Tafreshi H. On liquid bridge adhesion to fibrous surfaces under normal and shear forces. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang LY, Yu LE, Chung TS. Effects of relative humidity, particle hygroscopicity, and filter hydrophilicity on filtration performance of hollow fiber air filters. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Jaworek A, Sobczyk A, Krupa A, Marchewicz A, Czech T, Śliwiński L. Hybrid electrostatic filtration systems for fly ash particles emission control. A review. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Air filtration performance of symmetric polypropylene hollow-fibre membranes for nanoparticle removal. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ahmadlouydarab M, Hemeda AA, Ma Y. Six Stages of Microdroplet Detachment from Microscale Fibers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:198-204. [PMID: 29185772 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The detachment of droplets from cylindrical fibers is of fundamental importance for both scientific research and engineering applications. Due to the challenges to determine dynamic contact angles on the fiber surface, the process of the droplet detachment from a fiber is not well understood. In this paper, a multibody dissipative particle dynamics (MDPD) method, a particle-based mesh-free method that can automatically capture the dynamic contact angles through direct modeling of liquid-solid particle interactions, was applied to study the detachment process of a liquid microdroplet from a cylindrical solid fiber pulled by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip under a constant velocity. After the validation of the numerical results through comparison with experiments in a benchmark case, the same numerical tool was applied to analyze the droplet detachment mechanisms. Based on the slope of the time history curve for the displacement of the droplet mass center, the detachment process can be divided into six stages. The change of slope in each stage can be explained from the change of surface energy. The results can greatly advance the fundamental understanding of the detachment process of microdroplets from cylindrical fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Ahmadlouydarab
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz , Tabriz 51666, Iran
- School of Engineering, University of California , Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Ahmed A Hemeda
- School of Engineering, University of California , Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Yanbao Ma
- School of Engineering, University of California , Merced, California 95343, United States
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Song J, Hu X. A mathematical model to calculate the separation efficiency of streamlined plate gas-liquid separator. Sep Purif Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2017.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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