1
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Ren X, Bu X, Tong Z, Dong L, Ma Z, Wang J, Cao M, Qiu S. Influences of plasma treatment parameters on the hydrophobicity of cathode and anode materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 184:120-131. [PMID: 38815286 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can not only reduce the potential harm caused by solid waste piles to the local environment but also provide raw materials for manufacturing new batteries. Flotation is an alternative approach to achieve the selective separation of cathode and anode active materials from spent LIBs. However, the presence of organic binder on the surface of hydrophilic lithium transition-metal oxides results in losses of cathode materials in the froth phase. In this study, plasma treatment was utilized to remove organic layers from cathode and anode active materials. Firstly, the correlations between plasma treatment parameters (e.g., input power, air flowrate, and treatment time) were explored and the contact angles of cathode and anode active materials were investigated by the response surface methodology. Secondly, differences in the flotation recoveries of cathode and anode active materials were enhanced with plasma modification prior to flotation, which is consistent with the contact angle measurement. Finally, the plasma-modification mechanisms of hydrophobicity of cathode and anode active materials were discussed according to Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The proposed method could be a promising tool to enhance the flotation separation efficiency of cathode and anode active materials for the recycling of spent LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xibing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xiangning Bu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Zheng Tong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lisha Dong
- Western Australian School of Mines: Minerals, Energy and Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Kalgoorlie, Western Australia 6430, Australia
| | - Zhicheng Ma
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Mingzheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry of Education), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Song Qiu
- Advanced Materials Division, Suzhou Institute of Nanotech and Nanobionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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2
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Effects of Flotation Reagents on Flotation Kinetics of Aphanitic (Microcrystalline) Graphite. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The flotation method is widely used for the preliminary beneficiation of aphanitic (microcrystalline) graphite. However, there is limited literature regarding the effects of flotation reagents on the flotation kinetics of aphanitic graphite. In this study, six commonly used flotation kinetic models were used to fit the flotation experimental data of aphanitic graphite. The classical first-order model was found to be most suitable for describing flotation kinetics of aphanitic graphite. The modified flotation rate constant (Km) was then applied to evaluate the effects of collector, frother, and inhibitor on aphanitic graphite flotation kinetics. Compared to diesel oil and terpineol oil, kerosene and 2-octanol produced a greater Km. The highest Km was obtained at an inhibitor dosage of 15 mg/L.
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3
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Wang Y, Wang X, Bilal M. Recovery of carbon and cryolite from spent carbon anode slag of electrolytic aluminum by flotation based on the evaluation of selectivity index. Front Chem 2022; 10:1025990. [PMID: 36300024 PMCID: PMC9588943 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1025990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main electrolytic aluminum production costs is the consumption of carbon anodes, and carbon anode slag is a common hazardous waste in the aluminum industry. In this work, electrolytic aluminum carbon anode slag was separated by flotation. Using the selectivity index (SI) as an indicator, the influencing factors of the carbon slag flotation process were optimized, and the separation performance of carbon and cryolite in the carbon anode slag was investigated. The raw carbon anode slag was ground for 40 min to achieve dissociation of the cryolite from the carbon, the optimized SI value was then used to determine the optimal flotation test conditions. The test results showed that the SI value under the optimal grinding flotation was approximately four times larger than the value of direct flotation. This indicated that carbon anode slag had a better flotation selectivity under the grinding flotation, which significantly improved the flotation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yemin Wang
- Department of Mining Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Department of Mining Engineering, Shanxi Institute of Technology, Yangquan, China
- *Correspondence: Xuexia Wang,
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Mining Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta, Pakistan
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4
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Hartmann R, Beaumont M, Pasquie E, Rosenau T, Serna-Guerrero R. N-Alkylated Chitin Nanocrystals as a Collector in Malachite Flotation. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2022; 10:10570-10578. [PMID: 35991757 PMCID: PMC9382668 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.2c01978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The majority of reagents currently used in mineral flotation processes are fossil-based and potentially harmful to the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find environmentally-friendly alternatives to reduce the impact of mineral processing activities. Chitin nanocrystals are a renewable resource that, due to the natural presence of amino groups on its surface, represents a promising collector for various minerals of economic relevance. This study examines the one-pot functionalization of chitin nanocrystals with aldehyde structures to obtain hydrophobized colloids suitable for mineral flotation. The chemical properties of these nano-colloids were investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, their colloidal behavior and structure by electrophoretic light scattering and atomic force microscopy, and their wettability through water contact angle measurements. The functionalized N-alkylated chitin nanocrystals possessed a hydrophobic character, were able to dress mineral particles and featured a performance in the flotation of malachite similar to commercial collectors, which proves the high potential of chitin nanocrystals in this field of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hartmann
- Department
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 12200, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Fraunhofer
Center for Chemical-Biotechnological Processes, D-06237 Leuna, Germany
| | - Marco Beaumont
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Eva Pasquie
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering), LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Rosenau
- Department
of Chemistry, Institute for Chemistry of Renewable Resources, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Rodrigo Serna-Guerrero
- Department
of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 12200, FIN-00076 Espoo, Finland
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5
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Interaction mechanism of copper ions with the surface of sulfidized malachite and its response to flotation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Cao X, Liu C, Huang X, Zeng J, Xue J, Zhang R, Huang K, Cao Z, Zhong H. Uncovering the flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of a multifunctional thiocarbamate collector on malachite. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Choi J, Lim C, Seo E, Ahn J, Khan MD. Novel application of depletion attraction in malachite flotation: A significance of depletant molecular weights. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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8
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Dissolution kinetics of malachite in trichloroacetic acid solution. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Sustainable Use of Copper Resources: Beneficiation of Low-Grade Copper Ores. MINERALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/min12050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The global market has announced copper as a modern energy metal and finds its extensive utilization in the construction industry, electrical wiring, power transmission lines, alloying, anticorrosive coating, heat exchangers, refrigeration tubing, etc. Copper ore is primarily beneficiated from sulphide mineral deposits. Due to high-grade copper sulphide deposit exhaustion, the focus has now shifted towards recovery from different lean-grade oxide and mixed ore deposits. The present paper summarizes the utilization of copper as a clean energy mineral and its importance in the current renewable energy sector. Extensive research has been carried out on the flotation of copper sulphide ore as compared to copper oxide and mixed type ores. Besides flotation, other beneficiation techniques (selective flocculation and gravity separation) are also discussed in the present review. A few novel pretreatment methods are currently being studied for copper ore to intensify the separation for higher productivity.
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10
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A Novel Process to Recover Gypsum from Phosphogypsum. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051944. [PMID: 35269175 PMCID: PMC8911940 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a coarse phosphogypsum containing 49.63% SO3, 41.41% CaO, 10.68%, 4.47% SiO2, 1.28% P2O5, 0.11% F, CaSO4·2H2O purity of 80.65%, and whiteness of 27.68. Phosphogypsum contains calcium sulfate dehydrate as the main mineral, with small amounts of brushite, quartz, muscovite, and zoisite. Harmful elements, such as silicon, phosphorus, and fluorine, are mainly concentrated in the +0.15 mm and −0.025 mm fraction, which can be pre-selected and removed by the grading method to further increase the CaSO4·2H2O content. Gypsum was recovered using a direct flotation method, which included one roughing, one scavenging, and two cleaning operations, from −0.15 mm to +0.025 mm. The test results show that a gypsum concentrate with a CaSO4·2H2O purity of 98.94%, CaSO4·2H2O recovery of 80.02%, and whiteness of 37.05 was achieved. The main mineral in the gypsum concentrate was gypsum, and limited amounts of muscovite and zoisite entered the gypsum concentrate because of the mechanical entrainment of the flotation process.
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11
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Li F, Zhao G, Zhong H, Wang S, Liu G. A novel activation system for wolframite flotation by using Cu(II) ion and α-hydroxyoctyl phosphinic acid. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Zuo Q, Wu D, Cao J, Wang Z, Shi Y, Huang L. A DFT-based method to determine the ammonium-induced activation and sulfidation pathway of tenorite. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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Flotation separation mechanism for secondary copper sulfide minerals and pyrite using novel collector ethyl isobutyl xanthogenic acetate. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Lu Y, Wu K, Wang S, Cao Z, Ma X, Zhong H. Structural modification of hydroxamic acid collectors to enhance the flotation performance of malachite and associated mechanism. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.117959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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15
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Han G, Wen S, Wang H, Feng Q. Identification of copper-sulfide species on the cuprite surface and its role in sulfidization flotation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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16
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Sun Q, Ma X, Lu Y, Wang S, Zhong H. Insights into the selective adsorption mechanism of a multifunctional thioether-containing hydroxamic acid on separation of wolframite from fluorite. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Cao M, Bu H, Meng Q, Gao Y. Effect of surface modification by lead ions on flotation behavior of columbite-tantalite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Elizondo-Álvarez MA, Uribe-Salas A, Bello-Teodoro S. Chemical stability of xanthates, dithiophosphinates and hydroxamic acids in aqueous solutions and their environmental implications. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 207:111509. [PMID: 33254390 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently there is a wide variety of collectors used in mineral processing, the xanthates being the most used in sulfides flotation. Unfortunately, it is known that xanthates are not stable compounds and their decomposition generates carbon disulfide (CS2), a substance that is considered toxic. These aspects have motivated the search for collectors that exhibit superior performance without the health, safety and environmental (HSE) concerns associated with xanthates. In this study, the chemical stability of three xanthates of different alkyl groups (sodium ethyl xanthate (SEX), sodium isopropyl xanthate (SIPX) and potassium amyl xanthate (PAX)) was evaluated by UV/Vis spectroscopy, as a function of pH and time. Similarly, the chemical stability of three chelating collectors was evaluated: sodium di-isobutyl dithiophosphinate (SDIBDTPI), benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) and octanohydroxamic acid (OHA). Likewise, the surface tension of their aqueous solutions was measured making use of the Du Noüy method, to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC). The results showed that the xanthate UV/Vis absorption spectra reflect the presence of a chemical reaction as the pH decreases from 4 to 2.5, which results in the formation of carbon disulfide (CS2). In addition, the generation of CS2 is favored as time elapses and the pH of the solutions decreases from 10 to 6, regardless of the hydrocarbon chain length. Conversely, dithiophosphinate and hydroxamic acids present greater chemical stability, although they form micelles at a certain concentration (CMC), a phenomenon that is not observed with xanthates. By not hydrolyzing, oxidizing, or decomposing into other chemical species, SDIBDTPI, BHA, and OHA may be considered environmentally friendly reagents. In the above context, it is important to promote the adoption of these collectors in mineral processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Uribe-Salas
- Department of Metallurgy, CINVESTAV-IPN, Unidad Saltillo, Ramos Arizpe, Coahuila 25900, Mexico
| | - Simón Bello-Teodoro
- Unidad Académica de Ingeniería I, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas "Francisco García Salinas", Av. López Velarde 801, Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico
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19
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Xingrong Z, Liang L, Youhui L, Yangge Z, Long H, Chengbi L. Flotation separation performance of malachite from calcite with new chelating collector and its adsorption mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Li L, Yang L, Li F. Synthesis of 1-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) Dec-2-en-1-One Oxime and Its Flotation and Adsorption Behavior for Malachite. Front Chem 2020; 8:592771. [PMID: 33324613 PMCID: PMC7726417 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.592771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel collector of 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl) dec-2-en-1-one oxime (HPDO) was synthesized from 2-hydroxy acetophenone and octanal, and its flotation and adsorption behavior for malachite were studied by flotation tests and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The flotation results of a single mineral show HPDO is a special collector for malachite. Compared with benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), isobutyl xanthate (SIBX), and dodecylamine (DA), HPDO exhibits excellent flotation performance for malachite and satisfied selectivity against quartz and calcite over a wide pH range. The HPDO with a concentration of 200 mg/L can float 94% malachite at pH 8, while only recovering 7.8% quartz and 28% calcite. XPS data give clear evidence for the formation of a Cu-oxime complex on malachite surfaces after HPDO adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Li
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fangxu Li
- Institute of Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Guangdong Academy of Science, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Qi J, Liu G, Dong Y. Probing the hydrophobic mechanism of N-[(3-hydroxyamino)-propoxy]-N-octyl dithiocarbamate toward bastnaesite flotation by in situ AFM, FTIR and XPS. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 572:179-189. [PMID: 32240791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Both hydroxamate and dithiocarbamate groups exhibit a unique bonding characteristic toward rare earth ions. A hydroxamic acid surfactant containing a dithiocarbamate group should possess a specific affinity to hydrophobize bastnaesite [(Ce, La)CO3F] flotation. EXPERIMENTS N-[(3-hydroxyamino)-propoxy]-N-octyl dithiocarbamate (OAHD) was synthesized, and its flotation mechanism toward bastnaesite was investigated by in situ AFM, FTIR, XPS, micro-flotation and contact angle. FINDINGS In situ AFM clearly observed that OAHD aggregated on bastnaesite surface, which improved the contact angle and surface hydrophobicity of bastnaesite. FTIR spectra and XPS recommended that OAHD's dithiocarbamate and hydroxamate groups co-anchored on bastnaesite surface through strong chemisorption, which strengthened the bonding affinity of bastnaesite toward OAHD. UV spectra showed that both dithiocarbamate and hydroxamate groups exhibited weak affinity toward Ca2+ ions, which benefited OAHD's selective flotation separation of bastnaesite from calcite. The co-adsorption and special hydrophobic structure improved OAHD's flotation performance. As a result, OAHD returned higher flotation selectivity for bastnaesite than OHA (n-octyl hydroxamic acid) which chemisorbed on bastnaesite surface only through the hydroxamate group and used the heptyl as hydrophobic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Guangyi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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22
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Activation Mechanism of Lead(II) to Ilmenite Flotation Using Salicylhydroxamic Acid as Collector. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10060567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA), which exhibits superior flotation performance to conventional collector benzohydroxamic acid (BHA), was first introduced in ilmenite flotation. The addition of lead(II) can significantly increase the recovery of ilmenite using SHA as collector. Thus, the adsorption mechanism of SHA on lead(II)-activated ilmenite surface was systematically studied using micro-flotation tests, adsorption analysis, zeta potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Micro-flotation results revealed that SHA had stronger collecting ability than BHA, and ilmenite floatability could be activated by lead ions with either SHA or BHA as collector. Ilmenite showed good floatability at pH 6–8 (over 90% recovery) in the presence of Pb2+ and SHA. In such conditions, the main lead species of Pb(OH)+ and Pb2+ acted as active sites and caused positive surface potential shifts, thereby increasing the adsorbed amounts of negatively charged SHA on the surface of the mineral. FTIR and XPS analyses suggested that the lead species was chemically adsorbed on the surface of ilmenite to form active sites chelated by SHA. Moreover, the free lead ions in solution might form the Pb–SHA complexes to adsorb on the mineral surface, thereby increasing the floatability of ilmenite.
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23
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Bu X, Wang X, Zhou S, Li B, Zhan H, Xie G. Discrimination of Six Flotation Kinetic Models Used in the Conventional Flotation and Carrier Flotation of -74 μm Coal Fines. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:13813-13821. [PMID: 32566847 PMCID: PMC7301532 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, experimental results of conventional flotation and carrier flotation were characterized by six commonly used flotation kinetic models. Two statistical criteria (coefficient of determination, R 2, and root mean square error, RMSE) were used for comparison of fitting performance of different models. All kinetic models tested gave good levels of goodness of fit, but the second-order model with rectangular distribution (model 6) provided the best fitting performance for the experimental data of conventional flotation and carrier flotation. On this basis, two parameters, that is, modified flotation rate constant (K m) and selectivity index (SI), were used to evaluate the difference in flotation separation selectivity between conventional flotation and carrier flotation. Comparisons of K m and SI values indicated that carrier flotation significantly improved the flotation rate constant of combustible materials and flotation separation selectivity of ultrafine coal (-74 μm). In addition, measurements of average bubble size and water recovery indicated that both the coalescence of bubbles and the drainage of liquid in the froth were promoted when coarse coal particles (contact angle >90°) were employed as the carrier to assist the flotation recovery of ultrafine particles, which in turn favored the inhibition effect of the entrainment of gangue materials in carrier flotation compared to conventional flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangning Bu
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry
of Education), School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry
of Education), School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry
of Education), School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Biao Li
- Mining
and Minerals Engineering Department, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Hanhui Zhan
- School
of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Guangyuan Xie
- Key
Laboratory of Coal Processing and Efficient Utilization (Ministry
of Education), School of Chemical Engineering
and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Zhang X, Lu L, Zhu Y, Han L, Li C. Research on the separation of malachite from quartz with S-carboxymethyl-O, O′-dibutyl dithiophosphate chelating collector and its insights into flotation mechanism. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Kosmulski M. The pH dependent surface charging and points of zero charge. VIII. Update. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 275:102064. [PMID: 31757389 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2019.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A critical review of the points of zero charge (PZC) obtained by potentiometric titration and of isoelectric points (IEP) obtained by electrokinetic measurements. The results from the recent literature are presented with experimental details (temperature, method, type of apparatus, etc.), and they are compared with the zero points of similar materials reported in older publications. Most studies of PZC and IEP reported in the recent papers were carried out for metal oxides and hydroxides, especially alumina, iron oxides, and titania, and the results are consistent with the PZC and IEP of similar materials reported in older literature, and summarized in previous reviews by the same author. Relatively few studies were carried out with less common materials, and IEP of (nominally) VO2 and BN have been reported for the 1st time.
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Huang K, Cao Z, Wang S, Yang J, Zhong H. Flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of styryl phosphonate mono-iso-octyl ester to malachite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.123698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li Z, Rao F, Song S, Uribe-Salas A, López-Valdivieso A. Effects of common ions on adsorption and flotation of malachite with salicylaldoxime. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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28
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Floc-Flotation of Malachite Fines with an Octyl Hydroxamate and Kerosene Mixture. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9050301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Malachite fines are easily produced in the grinding process, leading to low malachite flotation recovery. Floc-flotation of malachite fines with an octyl hydroxamate and kerosene mixture was studied to improve the flotation recovery, using microflotation, microscopy image observations, contact angle measurements, and Extended Derjguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (EDLVO) analysis. The results showed that the addition of octyl hydroxamate as an emulsifier of kerosene enhanced the aggregation of malachite fines and improved malachite flotation recovery. In addition, when kerosene droplets were smaller and of uniform size distribution, the spreading of kerosene droplets on the malachite surface improved. The enhanced spreading of kerosene droplets led to higher coverage of kerosene on the malachite surface, resulting in improved hydrophobic aggregation and flotation recovery.
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Liu S, Xie L, Liu G, Zhong H, Wang Y, Zeng H. Hetero-difunctional Reagent with Superior Flotation Performance to Chalcopyrite and the Associated Surface Interaction Mechanism. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:4353-4363. [PMID: 30802069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Surface modification by chemical reagents is of profound importance to modulate the surface characteristic and functionality of materials, which has attracted tremendous interest in many research fields and industrial applications, such as froth flotation of minerals. In this work, a new reagent S-[(2-hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]- O-octyl-dithiocarbonate ester (HAOODE) with heterodifunctional ligands was designed and synthesized to improve the flotability of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed the co-adsorption of heterodifunctional ligands (i.e., dithiocarbonate and hydroxamate groups) of HAOODE on chalcopyrite via Cu(I)-S and Cu(II)-O covalent bonds. The bubble probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique was employed to quantitatively measure the air bubble-chalcopyrite interactions with and without the reagent adsorption. AFM force results revealed that the bubble could be more readily attached to flat chalcopyrite after HAOODE treatment under different hydrodynamic conditions because of the enhanced hydrophobic interaction, with the decay length D0 increasing from 0.65 to 1.20 nm. The calculated bubble-particle interaction forces also demonstrated the critical influence of HAOODE treatment, hydrodynamic conditions, and bubble size on the interaction behavior and thin-film drainage process in flotation. In froth flotation, HAOODE exhibited superior recovery for chalcopyrite over pH 3-12 and excellent selectivity for chalcopyrite against pyrite (FeS2) above pH 10.5, as compared to the conventional reagent sodium isobutyl xanthate. This work provides a useful approach to develop effective reagents that could selectively adsorb on desired mineral surfaces through heterodifunctional ligands and to quantitatively evaluate the role of reagent adsorption in the interactions between air bubbles and mineral surfaces at the nano- and microscale. Our results show implications on developing molecular design principles of novel reagents for surface modifications of materials in a wide range of engineering and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Lei Xie
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Guangyi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Hong Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Central South University , Changsha 410083 , China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry , McGill University , Sainte Anne de Bellevue , Québec H9X 3V9 , Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
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Li L, Zhao J, Xiao Y, Huang Z, Guo Z, Li F, Deng L. Flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of malachite with tert-butylsalicylaldoxime. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Thiadiazole-thione surfactants: Preparation, flotation performance and adsorption mechanism to malachite. J IND ENG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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32
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Ren L, Qiu H, Qin W, Zhang M, Li Y, Wei P. Inhibition mechanism of Ca 2+, Mg 2+ and Fe 3+ in fine cassiterite flotation using octanohydroxamic acid. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180158. [PMID: 30225008 PMCID: PMC6124092 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The existence of metal ions should not be ignored in both hydrometallurgy and flotation. In this study, the effects of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+ on the flotation performance of cassiterite using octanohydroxamic acid (OHA) as the collector were investigated by micro-flotation tests, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, contact angle, zeta (ζ) potential measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The results of the flotation and contact angle experiments showed that the addition of Ca2+, Mg2+ and Fe3+ significantly decreased both the recovery and contact angle of cassiterite with pH ranged from 6.0 to 12.0 in the presence of OHA collector. ζ-Potential measurements, solution chemistry analysis and FTIR measurements indicated that the flotation recovery of the cassiterite declined due to the CaOH+, MgOH+ and Fe(OH)3 sites on the cassiterite surface. XPS results indicated that the chemisorption of OHA and calcium ions on the cassiterite surface finally changed its chemical properties. The AFM images also revealed that new species Fe(OH)3 of Fe3+ formed and adsorbed on the cassiterite surface at pH 9.0. The adsorption of Fe(OH)3 reduced the adsorption of OHA on the cassiterite surface, thus the hydrophobicity of cassiterite was deteriorated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Ren
- School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Qiu
- School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenqing Qin
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubiao Li
- School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Penggang Wei
- School of Resources and Environment Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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Liu S, Zhong H, Liu G, Xu Z. Cu(I)/Cu(II) mixed-valence surface complexes of S-[(2-hydroxyamino)-2-oxoethyl]-N,N-dibutyldithiocarbamate: Hydrophobic mechanism to malachite flotation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 512:701-712. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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