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Xiong Y, Peng K, Zhao Z, Yang D, Huang X, Zeng H. Sources, colloidal characteristics, and separation technologies for highly hazardous waste nanoemulsions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172347. [PMID: 38614332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions play a crucial role in various industries. However, their application often results in hazardous waste, posing significant risks to human health and the environment. Effective management and separation of waste nanoemulsions requires special attention and effort. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of waste nanoemulsions, covering their sources, characteristics, and suitable treatment technologies, intending to mitigate their environmental impact. This study examines the evolution of nanoemulsions from beneficial products to hazardous wastes, provides an overview of the production processes, fate, and hazards of waste nanoemulsions, and highlights the critical characteristics that affect their stability. The latest advancements in separating waste nanoemulsions for recovering oil and reusable water resources are also presented, providing a comprehensive comparison and evaluation of the current treatment techniques. This review addresses the significant challenges in nanoemulsion treatment, provides insights into future research directions, and offers valuable implications for the development of more effective strategies to mitigate the hazards associated with waste nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Kaiming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ziqian Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Diling Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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2
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Zhu T, Song J, Zhou X, Liu Y. Preparation, characterization and application of a composite bioflocculant. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38252775 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2304659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Composite flocculant PAFS-PDM was prepared from Polymeric aluminium ferric sulphate (PAFS) and Poly (diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDM) in this study. A bacterium was selected from the soil near the shale gas exploitation platform as a bioflocculant-producing bacterium, and polysaccharide was extracted and combined with PAFS-PDM to obtain composite bioflocculant (CBF) to treat shale gas fracturing flowback fluid. The prepared CBF was characterized and the results showed that the prepared PAFS-PDM contained aluminium-iron hydroxyl polymer, which was a cationic flocculant. By measuring the turbidity removal rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency, the function mechanism of CBF on the shale gas fracturing flowback fluid was discussed. The results showed that CBF had a stable treatment effect on fracturing flowback fluid when the pH value was about 7.0. With the increase of dosage, the coagulation efficiency increased first and then decreased. When the dosage of the CBF was 2500 mg·L-1, the treatment effect of shale gas fracturing flowback fluid was the best, and COD removal rate reached 89.43%. Through Zeta potential analysis, it was concluded that one of the coagulation mechanisms was electrical neutralization. According to the characterization results, it could be concluded that both adsorption bridging and charge neutralization mechanisms played important roles in the treatment of shale gas fracturing flowback fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianju Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- Oil & Gas Field Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Song
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Zhou
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Jin W, Nan J, Chen M, Song L, Wu F. Superior performance of novel chitosan-based flocculants in decolorization of anionic dyes: Responses of flocculation performance to flocculant molecular structures and hydrophobicity and flocculation mechanism. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131273. [PMID: 36996540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To achieve economical and efficient decolorization, two novel flocculants, weakly hydrophobic comb-like chitosan-graft-poly (N, N-Dimethylacrylamide) (CSPD) and strongly hydrophobic chain-like chitosan-graft-L-Cyclohexylglycine (CSLC) were synthesized in this study. To assess the effectiveness and application of CSPD and CSLC, the impacts of factors, including flocculant dosages, initial pH, initial dye concentrations, co-existing inorganic ions and turbidities, on the decolorization performance were explored. The results suggested that the optimum decolorizing efficiencies of the five anionic dyes ranged from 83.17% to 99.40%. Moreover, for accurately controlling flocculation performance, the responses to flocculant molecular structures and hydrophobicity in flocculation using CSPD and CSLC were studied. The Comb-like structure gives CSPD a wider dosage range for effective decolorization and better efficiencies with large molecule dyes under weak alkaline conditions. The strong hydrophobicity makes CSLC more effective in decolorization and more suitable for removing small molecule dyes under weak alkaline conditions. Meanwhile, the responses of removal efficiency and floc size to flocculant hydrophobicity are more sensitive. Mechanism studies revealed that charge neutralization, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic association worked together in the decolorization of CSPD and CSLC. This study has provided meaningful guidance for developing flocculants in the treatment of diverse printing and dyeing wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Jun Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
| | - Meng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Langrun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Fangmin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
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Zhang Y, Li M, Huang W, Fan K, Li J, Zhong M, Li Z, Li C, Zhang Q. Research on modified blast furnace dust in demulsification: The synergistic effect of ferric oxide, hydrophobic carbon, and polysilicate. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2022; 72:403-419. [PMID: 35113008 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2032480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Current treatment processes for the cold rolling emulsion wastewater were in the dilemma that the cost was so high while the efficiency was not satisfied in China. In this work, a novel material with high-performance demulsification was obtained and used to treat the emulsion wastewater efficiently by modifying blast furnace dust (BFD), a steel industry waste. Firstly, the BFD was characterized by various analytical techniques and the results suggested that hydrophobic functional groups, positively charged iron oxide, and polysilicon in the BFD were contributed to removing stable oil droplets. Therefore, the BFD modification was conducted accordingly by optimizing the proportion and reaction conditions of these three components. The study demonstrated that the removal rate of oil and CODcr reached 75.21% and 81.23% under the conditions of the carbon type of GWF-HAC-R90, the carbon content of 14.86%, and the n(Fe)/n(Si) of 1.55, respectively. Based on this, the effects of pH, demulsifier dosage, and average agitation rate were investigated. The emulsion components before and after demulsification were analyzed by GC-MS, and the demulsification mechanism was expounded combined with kinetics. Results showed that the Fe2O3 with positive charge played a dominant role in emulsions with mainly anionic surfactants, while hydrophobic carbon structures and polysilicate acted as the auxiliaries. Besides, comprehensive analysis and characterization results suggested that the demulsification effect was a combination of the synergic processes: 1) electrostatic interaction developed by the anionic surfactant oil droplets and the positively charged the BFD particles; 2) hydrophobic association among the oil droplet with nonionic surfactant and amphiphilic carbon-iron complexes; 3) adsorption bridging between the surfactant oil droplets and polysilicate. The results of comparative tests in treating the actual cold-rolling emulsion wastewater showed the MBFD could bring about significant technical, economic benefits and achieve utilization of metallurgical solid wastes.Implications: Blast furnace dust (BFD) is an industrial solid waste obtained by dry de-dusting from blast furnace gas during the blast furnace ironmaking process. The main components of BFD are iron oxide and carbon, and also contain small amounts of different recoverable non-ferrous metals zinc, secret, indium and lead, which have recovery value. In this study, we enhanced the three parts of BFD and used to demulsification. In this study, the BFD was modified in three aspects (hydrophobic functional groups, positively charged iron oxide, and polysilicon) to achieve the secondary utilization of waste in emulsion wastewater treatment. And investigated the effect of reaction conditions on the demulsification effect with modified blast furnace dust (MBFD). Furthermore, the GC-MS analyzes combined with kinetics interpret the demulsification mechanism with the MBFD as a secondary resource. Finally, the comparative tests in treating the actual cold-rolling emulsion wastewater showed the MBFD could bring about significant technical and economic benefits and achieve utilization of metallurgical solid wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wansong Huang
- Hubei Jianke International Engineering Construction, Ltd., Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Fan
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefeng Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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5
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Coagulation performance of Al/Fe based covalently bonded composite coagulants for algae removal. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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6
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Lv S, Peng W, Cao Y, Liu S, Wang W, Fan G, Huang Y, Song X. Synthesis and characterisation of a novel pH-sensitive flocculant and its flocculation performance. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Jiang X, Li Y, Tang X, Jiang J, He Q, Xiong Z, Zheng H. Biopolymer-based flocculants: a review of recent technologies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:46934-46963. [PMID: 34263401 PMCID: PMC8279699 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer-based flocculants have become a potential substitute for inorganic coagulants and synthetic organic flocculants due to their wide natural reserves, environmental friendliness, easy natural degradation, and high material safety. In recent years, with more and more attention to clean technologies, a lot of researches on the modification and application of biopolymer-based flocculants have been carried out. The present paper reviews the latest important information about the base materials of biopolymer-based flocculants, including chitosan, starch, cellulose, and lignin etc. This review also highlights the various modification methods of these base materials according to reaction types in detail. Via the recent researches, the flocculation mechanisms of biopolymer-based flocculants, such as adsorption, bridging, charge neutralization, net trapping, and sweeping, as well as, some other special mechanisms are comprehensively summarized. This paper also focuses on the water treatment conditions, the removal efficiency, and advantages of biopolymer-based flocculants in applications. Further, this review sheds light on the future perspectives of biopolymer-based flocculants, which may make progress in the sources of base materials, modification processes, multi-function, and deepening application researches. We believe that this review can guide the further researches and developments of biopolymer-based flocculants in the future, to develop them with a higher efficiency, a lower cost, more safety, and multi-function for more diversified applications. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisen Li
- Digital Chongqing Big Data Application Development Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Zikang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, State Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Zhao C, Zhou J, Yan Y, Yang L, Xing G, Li H, Wu P, Wang M, Zheng H. Application of coagulation/flocculation in oily wastewater treatment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 765:142795. [PMID: 33572034 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Volumes of oily wastewater are inevitably generated by every walk of life. The removal of oil particles from oil-contaminated wastewater which is characterized as huge amounts, intricate composition, and great threats to human health and the ecological environment is a research hotspot in water treatment fields. Due to high treatment costs and undesirable treatment efficiencies, oily wastewater treatment remains a topical and urgent issue. At present, coagulation/flocculation as an indispensable oily wastewater treatment technology receives much attention because it is very well established, economical, practical and relatively efficient. The influencing factors of oil wastewater treatment by coagulation/flocculation have also been summarized in-depth, like dosage, pH, etc. In consideration of its complex composition and treatment difficulty, this paper will also compare the treatment effects of different coagulants/flocculants used alone and combined effects in oily wastewater treatment: inorganic coagulants, organic synthetic polymeric flocculants, natural flocculants and modified polymeric flocculants. Additionally, in this review, the mechanisms of removing oily substance by coagulation/flocculation are emphasized. Given strict emission standards and the refractory nature of oily wastewater, the combination process with coagulation/flocculation, such as electrocoagulation, coagulation-membrane filtration hybrid process, and coagulation/flocculation-flotation can present better application potential and are discussed in this review. To provide a proper choice in practical application, the operating cost of coagulation and several conventional technologies are also compared. Finally, the existing challenges in the treatment of oily wastewater by coagulation are analyzed, and the feasible research direction is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanliang Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Junyuan Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yi Yan
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Liwei Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Guohua Xing
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huanyu Li
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Pei Wu
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Mingyuan Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
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9
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Ma J, Xia W, Zhang R, Ding L, Kong Y, Zhang H, Fu K. Flocculation of emulsified oily wastewater by using functional grafting modified chitosan: The effect of cationic and hydrophobic structure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123690. [PMID: 33264882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, modified chitosan flocculants (MCS) was synthesized by using chitosan (CS), acrylamide, cationic monomers and hydrophobic monomers via low-pressure UV-initiated copolymerization. The flocculation performance of MCS was evaluated in emulsified oily wastewater treatment. The effect of cationic and hydrophobic structure on oil removal was studied, and the interactions between these functional groups and the components in oil were also analyzed. Results suggested that MCS flocculants exhibited excellent oil removal efficiency in a wide pH range (2.0‒10). The flocculation efficiency of 91 % was achieved at the dosages of 0.6 mL/L (6 mg/L). During pH of 2.0-10, the optimal cationic and hydrophobic monomer was DMC and VT, respectively. Silane groups were favorable for oil removal than the other hydrophobic structures. The cationic groups expanded the optimal pH range of MCS in flocculation, whereas hydrophobic groups considerably reduced the dosage of MCS. The experimental results showed that alkane, cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds in oil can be easily removed by using MC4, whereas cycloalkanes compounds was effectively removed by MC6 and MC7 because of preferable demulsification capacity, and the hydrophobic interaction, interfacial adsorption and electrostatic attraction played the dominant in flocculation. Thus, the synthesized MCS is favorable for emulsified oily wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangya Ma
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China.
| | - Wei Xia
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Lei Ding
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Yanli Kong
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Huiwen Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China; Engineering Research Center of Biomembrane Water Purification and Utilization Technology, Ministry of Education, Maanshan, Anhui, 243002, China
| | - Kun Fu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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Shu G, Bu K, Zhao B, Zheng S. Evaluation of newly developed reverse demulsifiers and cationic polyacrylamide flocculants for efficient treatment of oily produced water. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Tang Q, Chen W, Dai X, Liu Y, Liu H, Fan L, Luo H, Ji L, Zhang K. Exploring the perspective of nano-TiO 2 in hydrophobic modified cationic flocculant preparation: Reaction kinetics and emulsified oil removal performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128066. [PMID: 33297071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the polymerization difficulty of hydrophobic modified copolymers, a hydrophobic modified cationic flocculant was fabricated using nano-TiO2 as initiator with acrylamide (AM) and methyl acryloxyethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (DML) as monomers, and named it PAD. The copolymers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Results verified that PAD was synthesized successfully and nano-TiO2 was more conducive to DML grafting than traditional photo-initiators. Reaction kinetics demonstrated that the polymerization process was a typical precipitation polymerization initiated by free radicals. Flocculation performance of flocculant on simulated emulsified oil was evaluated and optimized. The simulation results indicated that the flocculation performance of PAD was superior to traditional flocculant, which was attributed to the higher content of DML in PAD. The maximum removal rate of emulsified oil could reach 92.10%, and the corresponding turbidity removal rate was 93.54%. Further, the mechanism studies suggested that the removal of emulsified oil was realized by the synergistic effects of electric neutralization, demulsification, hydrophobic association and adsorption bridging. The findings of this study showed that nano-TiO2 exhibited a promising prospect in the field of polymer-initiated polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Tang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China; Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Department of Municipal Engineering, Chengdu, 611830, China.
| | - Xinning Dai
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hong Liu
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Liangqian Fan
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China; Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Department of Municipal Engineering, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Hongbing Luo
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China; Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Department of Municipal Engineering, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Lin Ji
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China; Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Department of Municipal Engineering, Chengdu, 611830, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- College of Civil Engineering, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611830, China; Sichuan Higher Education Engineering Research Center for Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Village Construction, Department of Municipal Engineering, Chengdu, 611830, China
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12
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Yang K, Chen J, Liang S, Wang Y, Yao C. Preparation of super high concentration cationic polyacrylamide emulsion and its flocculation with cationic polymers. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaiji Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Jinghuan Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pulp and Paper China National Pulp and Paper Research Institute Co., Ltd. Beijing China
| | - Shuaibo Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Yanyun Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
| | - Chunli Yao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Forestry University Beijing China
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13
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Feng X, Deng J, Wan J, He J, Huang Z, Yan A. Preparation of a hydrophobically associated cationic polyacrylamide and its regulation of the sludge dewatering performance. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1350-1369. [PMID: 33079715 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A hydrophobically associating cationic polyacrylamide (HACPAM) was prepared by using a micellar polymerization method with V-50 (azobisisobutyramidine hydrochloride) as the initiator and acrylamide, acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride and butyl methacrylate as substrates under ultraviolet light irradiation. Structural analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses showed that the substrates were successfully polymerized. HACPAM was used to condition sludge to improve its dewatering performance, and the results showed that as the amount of HACPAM increases, the sludge dewatering performance is significantly improved, and 3.532 kg/t dry solids of HACPAM is regarded as the optimal amount. Compared with the commercially available cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM), HACPAM has a stronger hydrophobic group association effect, with better promotion of the conversion of bound water in sludge flocs into free water, thereby improving the sewage dewatering performance. The 3D spatial structure of dewatered sludge cakes analyzed by computed tomography technology showed that the number of pores of the dewatered sludge cake treated by HACPAM 3 was smaller than that of the cake treated by CPAM, with a reduction in the porosity of 68.8%, resulting in a better hydrophobic effect. In addition, the mechanism of HACPAM improving the dewatering performance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| | - Jinchuan Deng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, ZhongKai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Wan
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| | - Jinqiang He
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| | - Zhenjun Huang
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
| | - Aoqi Yan
- Department of Eco-environmental Technology, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China E-mail:
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Membranes based on polyacrylamide coatings on metallic meshes prepared by a two-steps redox polymerization. Performance for oil-water separation and biofouling effects. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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15
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Dynamic Membrane with a Polystyrene Surface Layer for Ultrafiltration of Spent Coolant Lubricant. CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10556-020-00761-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Flocculation activity and evaluation of chitosan-based flocculant CMCTS-g-P(AM-CA) for heavy metal removal. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.116737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Synthesis of the Hydrophobic Cationic Polyacrylamide (PADD) Initiated by Ultrasonic and its Flocculation and Treatment of Coal Mine Wastewater. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new type of hydrophobic cationic polyacrylamide P (AM-DMC-DABC) (PADD) was synthesized by ultrasonic (US)-initiated polymerization, which is used for the separation and removal of coal mine wastewater. The acrylamide (AM), methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) and acryloyloxyethyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DABC) were used as monomers to prepare). The factors that affecting the US initiated polymerization of PADD were analyzed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the chemical structure, thermal decomposition performance and surface morphology of the polymers. FT-IR and 1H NMR results showed that PADD was successfully synthesized. In addition, irregular porous surface morphology of PADD were observed by SEM analysis. Under the optimum conditions (pH = 7.0, flocculant dosage = 16.0 mg/L), the excellent flocculation performance (turbidity removal rate (TR) = 98.8%), floc size d50 = 513.467 μm, fractal dimension (Df) = 1.61, flocculation kinetics (KN0) = 27.24 × 10−3·s−1) was obtained by using high-efficiency flocculant PADD. Zeta potential analysis was used to further explore the possible flocculation mechanism of removal. The zeta potential and flocculation analytical results displayed that the flocculation removal process of coal mine wastewater mainly included hydrophobic effect, adsorption, bridging and charge neutralization, and electric patching when PADD was used. The PADD showed more excellent coal mine wastewater flocculation performance than PAD, commercial cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) CCPAM and PAM. Thus PADD, with its good flocculation effect on coal mine wastewater under relatively wide pH range, had bright practical application value.
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Santos AS, Marques AM, Palermo LC, Mansur CR. Influence of molar mass of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide on the treatment of produced water from enhanced oil recovery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.124042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Interaction and Adsorption of Hydrophobically Modified Polyacrylamide on Silica and Asphaltene Surfaces. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5423178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of polymers affects the cost and oil recovery in oil reservoir exploitation and the flocculation effect in the treatment of oil sand tailings. The adhesion and adsorption of a hydrophobically modified polyacrylamide (HMPAM), i.e., P(AM-NaAA-C16DMAAC), on silica and asphaltene were investigated using surface force measurements, thermodynamic analysis and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) measurement. Our study indicates that HMPAM polymer has strong interaction with both silica and asphaltene. The adhesion force of HMPAM on silica was stronger than that on asphaltene surface. Consistently, the adsorption of HMPAM was also greater on silica surface, with a more rigid layer formed on the surface. For HMPAM/silica system, the attractive interaction and the strong adhesion are mainly driven by the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. For HMPAM/asphaltene system, it is mainly due to hydrophobic interaction between the long hydrocarbon chains of HMPAM and asphaltene. Furthermore, continuous adsorption of HMPAM was detected and multiple layers formed on both silica and asphaltene surfaces, which can be attributed to the hydrophobic chains of HMPAM polymers. This work has illustrated the interaction mechanism of HMPAM polymer on hydrophilic silica and hydrophobic asphaltene surfaces, which provide insight into the industrial applications of hydrophobically modified polymer.
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Fazullin DD, Mavrin GV. Separation of Water-Oil Emulsions Using Composite Membranes with a Cellulose Acetate Surface Layer. CHEMICAL AND PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10556-019-00674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Optimization and Application of Bioflocculant Passivated Copper Nanoparticles in the Wastewater Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16122185. [PMID: 31226768 PMCID: PMC6616601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16122185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers a great opportunity for efficient removal of pollutants and pathogenic microorganisms in water. Copper nanoparticles were synthesized using a polysaccharide bioflocculant and its flocculation, removal efficiency, and antimicrobial properties were evaluated. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using thermogravimetry, UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The highest flocculation activity (FA) was achieved with the lowest concentration of copper nanoparticles (0.2 mg/mL) with 96% (FA) and the least flocculation activity was 80% at 1 mg/mL. The copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) work well without the addition of the cation as the flocculation activity was 96% and worked best at weak acidic, neutral, and alkaline pH with the optimal FA of 96% at pH 7. Furthermore, the nanoparticles were found to be thermostable with 91% FA at 100 °C. The synthesized copper nanoparticles are also high in removal efficiency of staining dyes, such as safranin (92%), carbol fuchsine (94%), malachite green (97%), and methylene blue (85%). The high removal efficiency of nutrients such as phosphate and total nitrogen in both domestic wastewater and Mzingazi river water was observed. In comparison to ciprofloxacin, CuNPs revealed some remarkable properties as they are able to kill both the Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms.
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Preparation and flocculation properties of biodegradable konjac glucomannan-grafted poly(trimethyl allyl ammonium chloride). Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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23
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Lü T, Luo C, Qi D, Zhang D, Zhao H. Efficient treatment of emulsified oily wastewater by using amphipathic chitosan-based flocculant. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Liu Y, Zheng H, Wang Y, Zheng X, Wang M, Ren J, Zhao C. Synthesis of a cationic polyacrylamide by a photocatalytic surface-initiated method and evaluation of its flocculation and dewatering performance: nano-TiO2 as a photo initiator. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28329-28340. [PMID: 35542495 PMCID: PMC9084301 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05622f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of complex water quality changes, the application of existing cationic polyacrylamide has been largely limited. In this study, a series of cationic polyacrylamides (TPADs) with excellent flocculation/dewatering performance and low dosage were synthesized through photocatalytic surface initiation using acrylamide (AM) and acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride (DAC) as monomers and nano-TiO2 as an initiator. Characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the structural and morphological properties of TPADs. The initiation mechanism was described and the study on the properties of TPADs shows that the initiation method could obtain the copolymer with extra-high intrinsic viscosity. Furthermore, the flocculation and dewatering performance of TPADs and PADs were investigated in the micro-polluted low turbidity water flocculation test and sludge dewatering test. The application experimental results indicated that TPADs showed satisfactory turbidity removal and sludge dewatering performance by virtue of strong charge neutralization and a bridging effect. The excellent flocculation/dewatering performance was attributed to the photocatalytic surface-initiated method and the nano-TiO2 initiator. Therefore, it is expected to open up new initiation methods in the synthesis of polymeric flocculants for a broad variety of applications. In the face of complex water quality changes, the application of existing cationic polyacrylamide has been largely limited.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Liu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- PR China
| | - Huaili Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- PR China
| | - Yili Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering
- Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control and Eco-remediation
- Beijing Forestry University
- Beijing 100083
- China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- PR China
| | - Moxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- PR China
| | - Jie Ren
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- PR China
| | - Chuanliang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment
- Ministry of Education
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400045
- PR China
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You Z, Xu H, Sun Y, Zhang S, Zhang L. Effective treatment of emulsified oil wastewater by the coagulation–flotation process. RSC Adv 2018; 8:40639-40646. [PMID: 35557887 PMCID: PMC9091706 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06565a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ship emulsified oil wastewater was used as the research object in this study. The highly efficient coagulant demulsification degreasing mechanism and microbubble flotation technology were combined and the effects of coagulant type and dosage amount on the demulsification of emulsified oil wastewater were evaluated. The influence of the mixed coagulation effect of pH values, temperature, and hydraulic condition parameters were determined and water intake, air intake, and oil content were regulated. The coagulant for the demulsification of emulsified oil wastewater was screened; the dosage was 500 mg L−1, and the removal capacity of the coagulant was in the following order: polyaluminum ferric chloride (PAFC) > polyaluminum chloride (PAC) > polysilicate aluminum ferric sulfate (PSAFS) > alum > Al2(SO4)3 > polyferric sulfate > FeCl3. Polyacrylamide (PAM) with added water was used to further reduce the oil content. The PAFC, PAC, and PSAFS were selected as coagulation–air flotation dynamic test alternative agents. The investment quantities of PAFC, PSAFS and PAM were 300 mg L−1, 300 mg L−1 and 30 mg L−1, respectively. The stirring time was 5 min, the pH value was 6.5–6.9, the flow rate was 0.25 m3 h−1, the oil content of the emulsified oil wastewater was 3000–5000 mg L−1 and the effluent oil was stable below 15 ppm. The microbubble generation device using air flotation effluent was used in the two air flotation treatments to enhance the device efficiency. The air flotation device adopted the structural design of the upper part of the water inlet and the lower part of the micro-air bubble, which can increase the collision probability of the microbubble and improve the efficiency of oil removal. Ship emulsified oil wastewater was used as the research object in this study.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction
- College of Urban Construction
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction
- College of Urban Construction
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Yongjun Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction
- College of Urban Construction
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Shujuan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction
- College of Urban Construction
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Industrial Water-Conservation & Emission Reduction
- College of Urban Construction
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
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