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Soleiman B, Mathieu B, Laurent R. Characterization of the Degradation of HEPA Filters Protected by Different Spark Arrestors for Various Cutting Means and Cutting Conditions. JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND RADIATION SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4054942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ageing of the nuclear installations induces new challenges regarding the containment of radioactive matter especially airborne contamination. The purification of the air using fibrous filters is the most widely used technology for the containment of this contamination. However, to ensure their role, they need to be protected. The release of incandescent particles cutting processes could reduce their efficiency. Many spark arrestors are available to protect the filters from hot particles. They are designed to be implemented upstream the filter. Three technologies of spark arrestors have been tested when they are exposed to a grinder or a plasma cutting process. The experiments have been performed for two different filters (450 and 1500 m3/h flow rate). The particle size distribution of the aerosol produced by a plasma torch cutting has been measured and shows two characteristic modes for this kind of generation process. The filtration efficiency of the high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter has been measured before and after the cutting (NF-EN-ISO-16170). During the experiments, the pressure drop of the HEPA filters has been measured to estimate their clogging rate. Results show that the plasma cutting is a more penalizing cutting process compared to metal grinder and that the metallic fibrous medium with the finest mesh has the better performance to protect filters from sparks. The cut length and the distance between the filter and the spark arrestor have also been studied, showing a limited impact on the degradation of the filtration efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bourrous Soleiman
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, SCA , Gif-Sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Barrault Mathieu
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, SCA , Gif-Sur-Yvette 91192, France
| | - Ricciardi Laurent
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, SCA , Gif-Sur-Yvette 91192, France
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Baselga-Lahoz M, Yus C, Arruebo M, Sebastián V, Irusta S, Jiménez S. Submicronic Filtering Media Based on Electrospun Recycled PET Nanofibers: Development, Characterization, and Method to Manufacture Surgical Masks. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:925. [PMID: 35335738 PMCID: PMC8952864 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The disposal of single-use personal protective equipment has brought a notable environmental impact in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. During these last two years, part of the global research efforts has been focused on preventing contagion using nanotechnology. This work explores the production of filter materials with electrohydrodynamic techniques using recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET). PET was chosen because it is one of the materials most commonly present in everyday waste (such as in food packaging, bags, or bottles), being the most frequently used thermoplastic polymer in the world. The influence of the electrospinning parameters on the filtering capacity of the resulting fabric was analyzed against both aerosolized submicron particles and microparticulated matter. Finally, we present a new scalable and straightforward method for manufacturing surgical masks by electrospinning and we validate their performance by simulating the standard conditions to which they are subjected to during use. The masks were successfully reprocessed to ensure that the proposed method is able to reduce the environmental impact of disposable face masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Baselga-Lahoz
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.A.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
| | - Cristina Yus
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC—University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro—I + D Building, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Arruebo
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.A.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC—University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro—I + D Building, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sebastián
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.A.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC—University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro—I + D Building, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Irusta
- Institute for Health Research Aragon (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (M.A.); (V.S.); (S.I.)
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragon (INMA), CSIC—University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro—I + D Building, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Jiménez
- Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica y Tecnologías de la Combustión (Liftec), CSIC—University of Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain;
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Feng Z, Cao SJ, Haghighat F. Removal of SARS-CoV-2 using UV+Filter in built environment. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 74:103226. [PMID: 34367884 PMCID: PMC8329429 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Air cleaning is an effective and reliable method in indoor airborne SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona-Virus 2) control, with ability of aerosol removal or disinfection. However, traditional air cleaning systems (e.g. fibrous filter, electrostatic removal system) have some risks in operation process, including re-aerosolization and electric breakdown. To avoid these risks, the current study proposed an UV+Filter (ultraviolet and fibrous pleated filter) system to efficiently capture airborne SARS-CoV-2 aerosols and deactivate them in filter medium. It is challenging to quantitatively design UV+Filter due to complex characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols (e.g. aerodynamic size, biological susceptibility) and hybrid filtration/disinfection processes. This study numerically investigated the overall performances of different air cleaning devices (e.g. Fibrous-filter, UV+Filter, two-stage ESP (electrostatic precipitator) et al.) for control of SARS-CoV-2 aerosols and compared them in term of filtration efficiency, energy consumption and secondary pollution. The prediction of developed models was validated with the experimental data from literature. UV+Filter is the most reliable and safest, while its energy consumption is highest. The newly proposed design method of air cleaning systems could provide essential tools for airborne diseases control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangbo Feng
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fariborz Haghighat
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Feng Z, Cao SJ, Wang J, Kumar P, Haghighat F. Indoor airborne disinfection with electrostatic disinfector (ESD): Numerical simulations of ESD performance and reduction of computing time. BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT 2021; 200:107956. [PMID: 33994653 PMCID: PMC8113163 DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Airborne transmissions of infectious disease (e.g. SARS-CoV-2) in indoor environments may induce serious threat to public health. Air purification devices are necessary to remove and/or inactivate airborne biological species from indoor air environment. Corona discharge in an electrostatic precipitator is capable of removing particulate matter and disinfecting biological aerosols to act as electrostatic disinfector (ESD). The ions generated by ESD can effectively inactivate bacteria/viruses. However, the available research rarely investigated disinfection effect of ESD, and it is urgent to develop quantitative ESD design methods for building mechanical ventilation applications. This study developed an integrated numerical model to simulate disinfection performance of ESD. The numerical model considers the ionized electric field, electrohydrodynamic flow, and biological disinfection. The model prediction was validated with the experimental data (E. coli): Good agreement was observed. The validated model then was used to study the influences of essential design parameters (e.g. voltage, inlet velocity) of ESD on disinfection efficiency. The effects of modeling of electrophoretic force and EHD (electrohydrodynamic) flow patterns on disinfection efficiency and computing time were also analyzed. The disinfection efficiency of well-designed ESD (with space charge density of 3.6 × 10-06 C/m3) could be as high as 100%. Compared with HEPA, ESD could save 99% of energy consumed by HEPA without sacrificing disinfection efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuangbo Feng
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Fariborz Haghighat
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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